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人教版英语八年级下册形容词副词原比最三级讲义+语法重点
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这是一份人教版英语八年级下册形容词副词原比最三级讲义+语法重点,共9页。
初中八年级上下册形容词副词原比最三级讲义+语法重点形容词:用来描述和修饰名词、代词等,说明人或事物的属性、状态或特征的词,形容词在句中主要可以作定语、表语、补语等。作定语时最主要作用是作名词的修饰语。并且多数形容词具有比较等级。作用:形容词在句中作定语,表语,宾语补足语和主语或宾语。一、作定语形容词作定语时通常放在它所修饰的名词/代词前,起修饰限定作用,作定语,翻译时有个“的”字。如:She is a pretty girl. Mr Li is a very handsome English teacher二、作表语:形容词用在系动词后面作表语,修饰主语或说明主语的情况。插入:英语中系动词分三类:1.be动词 2.感官系动词 3.趋向性系动词stay remain keep turn get become go等The price of the coat is very high. This bike is expensive. I am sorry,I'm busy now.三、作宾语补足语:当动词后面只有宾语而不能表达完整语意时,需要借助补足语,经常用形容词充当宾补We must keep our classroom clean. We found the film quite funny The news made her sad.四、作主语或宾语这有一定的限制,主要是指“定冠词+某些形容词”,可以泛指一类人,与谓语动词的复数连用。如:The rich always live a better life The poor are losing hope. The good is what people like.多个形容词修饰名词的顺序。几个形容词同时修饰一个名词时,意义较具体的或与名词关系较密切的形容词更靠近被修饰的名词。排列顺序如下:限定词(冠词,指示代词,不定代词,物主代词,名词所有格)+序数词+基数词+一般性描述形容词+形状(大小,长短)+年龄(新,旧,湿度)+颜色+国籍(出处)+材料(物质)+用途(类别)+被修饰的名词。如:an old white car 一辆旧的白色小汽车 a small round wooden table 一张木制的小圆桌*记忆规则:限定描绘大长高,形状年龄和新老;颜色国籍出材料,用途类别往后靠。常见形容词词组搭配be good at擅长于 be interested in对……感兴趣be afraid of害怕,恐怕 be kind to sb.对……友好(和蔼)be full of充满 be late for -迟到 be ready to( do)准备……的be careful of当心,小心 be easy to( do)易于(做某事)be far away from远离 be busy doing...忙于……be able to( do)高兴(做某事) be different from不同于be angry with( at)对……生气、发怒 be excited about对……感到兴奋be famous for以……而著名 be proud of以……为自豪(骄傲)形容词的三级(原级/比较级/最高级) 形容词主要用来描写或修饰名词或代词,表示人或事物的性质、 状态、特征或属性大多数形容词和副词有比较级和最高级的变化,即原级、比较级和最高级,用来表示事物的等级差别。原级即形容词的原形,比较级和最高级有规则变化和不规则变化两种。①原级,即形容词原形,单纯的描述名词/代词的个体性质,或用来表示双方程度相同或不同。②比较级,表示“较……更……一些”的意思。构成:在adj/adv后加er,或在前+more③最高级,表示“最……”的意思。构成:在adj/adv后加est,或在前面+(the)most一:形容词原级1.说明人或事物本身的性质,特征或状态时用形容词原级。如:The flowers in the garden are beautiful Mr.Li is a handsome English teacher 2.表示A与B在某一个方面程度相同或不同时用形容词原级。(1)肯定句中的结构:A…+as+形容词原级+as +B。如:English is as interesting as Chinese. Mr.Li is as handsome as WuYiFan (2)否定句中的结构:A___not+ as/so+形容词原级+as +B。如:This book isn't as new as that one. I am not so careful as Lucy. August is not as handsome as Mr.Li (3)疑问句的句式结构是:Be动词+A+as+形容词原级+ as+ B?如:Is English as important as maths? Are they as friendly as you? 3.表示“A是B的……倍”时,用“A_+倍数+ as+形容词原级+as +B”结构。(一倍:once,两倍:twice,三倍以上:数字+times)如:Mr.Li is twice as handsome as Justin Our school is three times as big as theirs.4.half as+形容词原级+as(表示“是……的一半”)。如:My room is not half as big as yours. 找的房间不如你的一半大。二:形容词比较级的用法:用于两者之间进行比较1.两者比较时用形容词比较级,其结构为“A+比较级 + than B”Than后面是一个省略了成分的比较状语从句,代词须用主格。比较级就是“形容词后+er,或者more+形容词” bigger或 more beautiful如:Actions speak louder than words. His cake is bigger Lily's room is bigger than mine. This moon cake is nicer than that one. He writes more carefully than she. 2.在两者之间选择“哪一个更……”时,用句型“Which / Who is +比较级, A or B?”。如: Who is taller, Li Ming or Wang Tao? Which sweater is more beautiful, the yellow one or the pink one?3.表示“越…,越…”时,用“the + 比较级,the + 比较级”。如:The more you eat, the fatter you will be. The harder you study,the better you will be4.表示“越来越…”时,用“比较级+ and +比较级”,多音节词和部分双音节词用“more and more + 形容词原级”。 如:It is getting darker and darker Our teacher is becoming more and more handsome5.形容词比较级前可以用下列词修饰:形容词比较级前可以加程度副词(如much, a little, far, a bit, a few, a lot, even, still, rather等或用数量词或短语修饰,表示“...得多”“甚至...”“更...”“一些(一点)”。如:China is much larger than Japan. He is a little/a bit taller than I. It's much colder today than yesterday.用形容词比较级时要注意①为了避免重复,在从句中常用the one,that,those等词来代替前面出现过的名词。其中the one替代可数名词单数形式,the ones或those替代可数名词复数形式,that替代不可数名词。如:The weather in Beijing is colder than that in Ankang in winter。②than及其后面比较的部分有时可省略。如:Are you better now? 你现在好些了吗?(“现在”和“过去”比较,省略了“than yesterday”之类的时间词)三:形容词最高级的用法1.表示三者或以上的人或物进行比较时,用最高级。其结构为:“A is+the+形容词最高级+in/of+范围”形容词最高级前须加定冠词the,句末常跟in/of短语及定语从句来表示范围。He is the strongest of the 3 boys. Mr.Li is the most handsome man in the class注意:如果在一定的地域空间内进行比较用in;如果在同一类事物范围内进行比较用of。2.表示“最...的...之一”时,用“one of the+形容词最高级”结构,该形容词后面的名词要用复数形式。如:China is one of the largest countries in the world Mr.Li is one of the most handsome men in the world3.在三或三者以上的人或物进行选择时,用“Which/Who is the+最高级,A,B or C?”结构。如:Which man is the most handsome, Mr.Li, August or Lucas? Who is the fattest/heaviest,A,B or C?4.形容词最高级前面可以加序数词,且序数词前必须加the,表示“第几最......”后面名词用单数如:Judy is the second tallest girl in her class Judy 是班级上第二高的 5.最高级可被序数词以及much,by far,nearly,almost,quite等词语修饰,修饰词应放在冠词之前。 如:This hat is by far the biggest6.表示最高程度的形容词如excellent,extreme,perfect等,没有最高级,也不能用比较级。如:He is an excellent teacher 他是一位极优秀的教师。副词的比较级和最高级的构成规则和形容词比较级和最高级的构成规则一样语法点所不同的是:1.形容词最高级前面必须用the,而副词的最高级前面的the可带可不带。2.形容词的原比最句中必定是系动词,副词的原比最句中必定是实义动词。一些词本身没有比较级和最高级形式,如:right, wrong, full, empty, round, complete, wooden, dead, daily等。倍数的表达法英语用twice表示两倍,两倍以上用基数词加times表示。几种常见的表示倍数的句型有:(1)…几倍大小(长短、数量)=…几倍(或分数)+ the size( length,amount...)。如:The earth is forty-nine times the size of the moon. This table is twice the length of that one. (2)…比…几倍=…倍数(或分数)+形容词(副词)比较级+ than+被比较的部分。如:His house is three times bigger than mine. The book is four times thicker than that one. This bridge is three times longer than that one 这座桥比那座桥长3倍。(3)…是…倍=…倍数(或分数)+ as+形容词+ as+被比较的部分。如: This factory is four times as big as that one. 这个工厂是那个工厂的4倍大。Asia is four times as large as Europe. 亚洲的大小是欧洲的4倍。含形容词的常用句型小结构一:1.“It’s+adj.+of+sb.+不定式”表示“某人(做某事)怎么样”。 常用于这一句型的形容词一般都是描述人的品行性格品质等,简单来讲就是可以用来描述人的有good(好的),kind(友善的),nice(友好的),polite(有礼貌的),clever(聪明的),foolish(愚蠢的),lazy(懒惰的),careful(细心的),careless(粗心的),right(正确的),wrong(错误的)等。如: It's kind of you to help me.你帮助我太好了。It's nice of you to say so.你这样说太好了。2.“It’s+adj.+for+sb.+不定式”或“It is+adj.+that从句”表示“做某事对某人来说怎么样”。常用于这一句型的形容词有difficult(困难的),easy(容易的),hard(艰难的),dangerous(危险的),safe(安全的),useful(有益的),pleasant(舒适的),interesting(有趣的), impossible(不可能的)等。如: It is not easy for Jim to learn Chinese 对吉姆来说学习汉语很难。It's necessary that we make it clear. 我们弄清楚这件事很有必要的。3.表示感情或情绪的形容词,如glad,nice,happy,please,sorry,sad,thankful等常接不定式。如:I'm glad to see you.见到你我很高兴。 I'm sorry to hear that.听到那个消息我很难过。4.表示能力和意志的形容词,如ready,able(有能力的),sure(一定),certain(一定)等常接不定式。如:Mr.Li is always ready to help others Are you able to come tomorrow? ?二:ing/ed结尾的形容词辨析-ing形容词:表示主动意义,多指事物对人的影响,一般修饰事物。如:We are all interested in the interesting story.-ed形容词:表示被动意义,多指人对事物的感受,主语一般是人。如:This is a piece of surprising news.I am surprised at the news.部分形容词的区别:Lonely adj/adv意为“寂寞的”,指主观感受,在句中可作定语或表语;Alone adj意为“独自的、单独的,独自一人”,不含感情色彩,属于表语形容词,只可作表语,不可作定语。这样的表语形容词还有afraid,awake,asleep,alive等。如:I feel lonely when I am alone如:He is a lonely man, he is alone in the small village.他是寂寞的人,独住在一个小村庄。farther和further都是far的比较级。其用法区别是:在谈论地点、方向或距离时,farther和further可以互换。但further还有抽象性的含意“更多,进一步,稍后,额外”等含义,这时不能与farther互换使用。如:I can go no further. We must get further information. 形容词和副词习题一:用所给的正确形式填空。(1)Is your friend than you?(young)(2)The meat tastes .I like it.(good)(3)My brother is two cm than me.(tall)(4)The less you eat,the you will be.(thin)二:1.Our classroom is ____larger than theirs. A. more B.very. C.much2.How do you play basketball. I play very____. A.good B.well. C.better.3.This math problem is____.I can work it out____. A.easy,easy B.easily,easy. C.easy,easily.4.Boys and girls, believe in yourselves. The ___you are,the better grades you’ll get.A.more careful B.more carefully. C.most carefully.5.The little dancer from Australia looks_____ in the long skirt. A.gently B.happily C.beautifully D.lovely6.I_____ ride a bike to school. But this morning, I walked to school. A.never B.hardly C.seldom D.usually7.Kate sang_____among the singers.in the concert yesterday A.good B.well C.better D.best三.巩固练习:写出下列形容词与副词的比较级与最高级形式: Long wide fat Heavy slow few Brightly interesting far quickly happy unhappy
初中八年级上下册形容词副词原比最三级讲义+语法重点形容词:用来描述和修饰名词、代词等,说明人或事物的属性、状态或特征的词,形容词在句中主要可以作定语、表语、补语等。作定语时最主要作用是作名词的修饰语。并且多数形容词具有比较等级。作用:形容词在句中作定语,表语,宾语补足语和主语或宾语。一、作定语形容词作定语时通常放在它所修饰的名词/代词前,起修饰限定作用,作定语,翻译时有个“的”字。如:She is a pretty girl. Mr Li is a very handsome English teacher二、作表语:形容词用在系动词后面作表语,修饰主语或说明主语的情况。插入:英语中系动词分三类:1.be动词 2.感官系动词 3.趋向性系动词stay remain keep turn get become go等The price of the coat is very high. This bike is expensive. I am sorry,I'm busy now.三、作宾语补足语:当动词后面只有宾语而不能表达完整语意时,需要借助补足语,经常用形容词充当宾补We must keep our classroom clean. We found the film quite funny The news made her sad.四、作主语或宾语这有一定的限制,主要是指“定冠词+某些形容词”,可以泛指一类人,与谓语动词的复数连用。如:The rich always live a better life The poor are losing hope. The good is what people like.多个形容词修饰名词的顺序。几个形容词同时修饰一个名词时,意义较具体的或与名词关系较密切的形容词更靠近被修饰的名词。排列顺序如下:限定词(冠词,指示代词,不定代词,物主代词,名词所有格)+序数词+基数词+一般性描述形容词+形状(大小,长短)+年龄(新,旧,湿度)+颜色+国籍(出处)+材料(物质)+用途(类别)+被修饰的名词。如:an old white car 一辆旧的白色小汽车 a small round wooden table 一张木制的小圆桌*记忆规则:限定描绘大长高,形状年龄和新老;颜色国籍出材料,用途类别往后靠。常见形容词词组搭配be good at擅长于 be interested in对……感兴趣be afraid of害怕,恐怕 be kind to sb.对……友好(和蔼)be full of充满 be late for -迟到 be ready to( do)准备……的be careful of当心,小心 be easy to( do)易于(做某事)be far away from远离 be busy doing...忙于……be able to( do)高兴(做某事) be different from不同于be angry with( at)对……生气、发怒 be excited about对……感到兴奋be famous for以……而著名 be proud of以……为自豪(骄傲)形容词的三级(原级/比较级/最高级) 形容词主要用来描写或修饰名词或代词,表示人或事物的性质、 状态、特征或属性大多数形容词和副词有比较级和最高级的变化,即原级、比较级和最高级,用来表示事物的等级差别。原级即形容词的原形,比较级和最高级有规则变化和不规则变化两种。①原级,即形容词原形,单纯的描述名词/代词的个体性质,或用来表示双方程度相同或不同。②比较级,表示“较……更……一些”的意思。构成:在adj/adv后加er,或在前+more③最高级,表示“最……”的意思。构成:在adj/adv后加est,或在前面+(the)most一:形容词原级1.说明人或事物本身的性质,特征或状态时用形容词原级。如:The flowers in the garden are beautiful Mr.Li is a handsome English teacher 2.表示A与B在某一个方面程度相同或不同时用形容词原级。(1)肯定句中的结构:A…+as+形容词原级+as +B。如:English is as interesting as Chinese. Mr.Li is as handsome as WuYiFan (2)否定句中的结构:A___not+ as/so+形容词原级+as +B。如:This book isn't as new as that one. I am not so careful as Lucy. August is not as handsome as Mr.Li (3)疑问句的句式结构是:Be动词+A+as+形容词原级+ as+ B?如:Is English as important as maths? Are they as friendly as you? 3.表示“A是B的……倍”时,用“A_+倍数+ as+形容词原级+as +B”结构。(一倍:once,两倍:twice,三倍以上:数字+times)如:Mr.Li is twice as handsome as Justin Our school is three times as big as theirs.4.half as+形容词原级+as(表示“是……的一半”)。如:My room is not half as big as yours. 找的房间不如你的一半大。二:形容词比较级的用法:用于两者之间进行比较1.两者比较时用形容词比较级,其结构为“A+比较级 + than B”Than后面是一个省略了成分的比较状语从句,代词须用主格。比较级就是“形容词后+er,或者more+形容词” bigger或 more beautiful如:Actions speak louder than words. His cake is bigger Lily's room is bigger than mine. This moon cake is nicer than that one. He writes more carefully than she. 2.在两者之间选择“哪一个更……”时,用句型“Which / Who is +比较级, A or B?”。如: Who is taller, Li Ming or Wang Tao? Which sweater is more beautiful, the yellow one or the pink one?3.表示“越…,越…”时,用“the + 比较级,the + 比较级”。如:The more you eat, the fatter you will be. The harder you study,the better you will be4.表示“越来越…”时,用“比较级+ and +比较级”,多音节词和部分双音节词用“more and more + 形容词原级”。 如:It is getting darker and darker Our teacher is becoming more and more handsome5.形容词比较级前可以用下列词修饰:形容词比较级前可以加程度副词(如much, a little, far, a bit, a few, a lot, even, still, rather等或用数量词或短语修饰,表示“...得多”“甚至...”“更...”“一些(一点)”。如:China is much larger than Japan. He is a little/a bit taller than I. It's much colder today than yesterday.用形容词比较级时要注意①为了避免重复,在从句中常用the one,that,those等词来代替前面出现过的名词。其中the one替代可数名词单数形式,the ones或those替代可数名词复数形式,that替代不可数名词。如:The weather in Beijing is colder than that in Ankang in winter。②than及其后面比较的部分有时可省略。如:Are you better now? 你现在好些了吗?(“现在”和“过去”比较,省略了“than yesterday”之类的时间词)三:形容词最高级的用法1.表示三者或以上的人或物进行比较时,用最高级。其结构为:“A is+the+形容词最高级+in/of+范围”形容词最高级前须加定冠词the,句末常跟in/of短语及定语从句来表示范围。He is the strongest of the 3 boys. Mr.Li is the most handsome man in the class注意:如果在一定的地域空间内进行比较用in;如果在同一类事物范围内进行比较用of。2.表示“最...的...之一”时,用“one of the+形容词最高级”结构,该形容词后面的名词要用复数形式。如:China is one of the largest countries in the world Mr.Li is one of the most handsome men in the world3.在三或三者以上的人或物进行选择时,用“Which/Who is the+最高级,A,B or C?”结构。如:Which man is the most handsome, Mr.Li, August or Lucas? Who is the fattest/heaviest,A,B or C?4.形容词最高级前面可以加序数词,且序数词前必须加the,表示“第几最......”后面名词用单数如:Judy is the second tallest girl in her class Judy 是班级上第二高的 5.最高级可被序数词以及much,by far,nearly,almost,quite等词语修饰,修饰词应放在冠词之前。 如:This hat is by far the biggest6.表示最高程度的形容词如excellent,extreme,perfect等,没有最高级,也不能用比较级。如:He is an excellent teacher 他是一位极优秀的教师。副词的比较级和最高级的构成规则和形容词比较级和最高级的构成规则一样语法点所不同的是:1.形容词最高级前面必须用the,而副词的最高级前面的the可带可不带。2.形容词的原比最句中必定是系动词,副词的原比最句中必定是实义动词。一些词本身没有比较级和最高级形式,如:right, wrong, full, empty, round, complete, wooden, dead, daily等。倍数的表达法英语用twice表示两倍,两倍以上用基数词加times表示。几种常见的表示倍数的句型有:(1)…几倍大小(长短、数量)=…几倍(或分数)+ the size( length,amount...)。如:The earth is forty-nine times the size of the moon. This table is twice the length of that one. (2)…比…几倍=…倍数(或分数)+形容词(副词)比较级+ than+被比较的部分。如:His house is three times bigger than mine. The book is four times thicker than that one. This bridge is three times longer than that one 这座桥比那座桥长3倍。(3)…是…倍=…倍数(或分数)+ as+形容词+ as+被比较的部分。如: This factory is four times as big as that one. 这个工厂是那个工厂的4倍大。Asia is four times as large as Europe. 亚洲的大小是欧洲的4倍。含形容词的常用句型小结构一:1.“It’s+adj.+of+sb.+不定式”表示“某人(做某事)怎么样”。 常用于这一句型的形容词一般都是描述人的品行性格品质等,简单来讲就是可以用来描述人的有good(好的),kind(友善的),nice(友好的),polite(有礼貌的),clever(聪明的),foolish(愚蠢的),lazy(懒惰的),careful(细心的),careless(粗心的),right(正确的),wrong(错误的)等。如: It's kind of you to help me.你帮助我太好了。It's nice of you to say so.你这样说太好了。2.“It’s+adj.+for+sb.+不定式”或“It is+adj.+that从句”表示“做某事对某人来说怎么样”。常用于这一句型的形容词有difficult(困难的),easy(容易的),hard(艰难的),dangerous(危险的),safe(安全的),useful(有益的),pleasant(舒适的),interesting(有趣的), impossible(不可能的)等。如: It is not easy for Jim to learn Chinese 对吉姆来说学习汉语很难。It's necessary that we make it clear. 我们弄清楚这件事很有必要的。3.表示感情或情绪的形容词,如glad,nice,happy,please,sorry,sad,thankful等常接不定式。如:I'm glad to see you.见到你我很高兴。 I'm sorry to hear that.听到那个消息我很难过。4.表示能力和意志的形容词,如ready,able(有能力的),sure(一定),certain(一定)等常接不定式。如:Mr.Li is always ready to help others Are you able to come tomorrow? ?二:ing/ed结尾的形容词辨析-ing形容词:表示主动意义,多指事物对人的影响,一般修饰事物。如:We are all interested in the interesting story.-ed形容词:表示被动意义,多指人对事物的感受,主语一般是人。如:This is a piece of surprising news.I am surprised at the news.部分形容词的区别:Lonely adj/adv意为“寂寞的”,指主观感受,在句中可作定语或表语;Alone adj意为“独自的、单独的,独自一人”,不含感情色彩,属于表语形容词,只可作表语,不可作定语。这样的表语形容词还有afraid,awake,asleep,alive等。如:I feel lonely when I am alone如:He is a lonely man, he is alone in the small village.他是寂寞的人,独住在一个小村庄。farther和further都是far的比较级。其用法区别是:在谈论地点、方向或距离时,farther和further可以互换。但further还有抽象性的含意“更多,进一步,稍后,额外”等含义,这时不能与farther互换使用。如:I can go no further. We must get further information. 形容词和副词习题一:用所给的正确形式填空。(1)Is your friend than you?(young)(2)The meat tastes .I like it.(good)(3)My brother is two cm than me.(tall)(4)The less you eat,the you will be.(thin)二:1.Our classroom is ____larger than theirs. A. more B.very. C.much2.How do you play basketball. I play very____. A.good B.well. C.better.3.This math problem is____.I can work it out____. A.easy,easy B.easily,easy. C.easy,easily.4.Boys and girls, believe in yourselves. The ___you are,the better grades you’ll get.A.more careful B.more carefully. C.most carefully.5.The little dancer from Australia looks_____ in the long skirt. A.gently B.happily C.beautifully D.lovely6.I_____ ride a bike to school. But this morning, I walked to school. A.never B.hardly C.seldom D.usually7.Kate sang_____among the singers.in the concert yesterday A.good B.well C.better D.best三.巩固练习:写出下列形容词与副词的比较级与最高级形式: Long wide fat Heavy slow few Brightly interesting far quickly happy unhappy
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