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七年级英语下第5单元单词翻译及知识点讲义
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这是一份七年级英语下第5单元单词翻译及知识点讲义,共13页。
一、单词:amazing adj. 令人吃惊的,惊人的same adj. 同一的,相同的birth n.出生,诞生times n. [复](用于比较)倍earth n. 地球,大地bone n. 骨头back n.后部;背部fat n. 脂肪fact n. 事实as adv. 和……一样usual adj. 通常的,平常的as usual 照例,像往常一样sit down 坐下suddenly adv. 突然whisper n.低语,耳语bush n. 灌木丛turn around 转身;(使)翻转anybody pron. 任何人nobody pron.(=no one) 没有人,无人reply vi. 答复,回答strange adj. 奇怪的;陌生的leave vt. 离开quickly adv. 迅速地,飞快地happen vi. 发生everything pron. 每件事,每样事物,一切wonder vi. & vt. 琢磨,想知道;感到诧异carefully adv. 仔细地,认真地,小心地search vt.&vi.搜查,搜寻,搜索himself pron. 他自己say to oneself 自言自语weak adj. 虚弱的,无力的miaow vi.(猫叫声)喵pick vt.拾起pick up 拿起,举起surprised adj. 吃惊的,惊讶的later adv. 随后,后来run away 逃离,跑开somebody pron. 某人, 有人ago adv. 以前the day before yesterday 前天centimetre n. (=cm)<英>厘米,公分 =<美>centimeterdodo n. 渡渡鸟snake n. 蛇camel n. 骆驼ant n. 蚂蚁little pron.&det.不多的,少数的dry adj. 干的;干燥的without prep.没有be afraid of 害怕not any more 再也不,不再hear of 听说,知道the other day 那天, 前几天at the same time 同时chalk n. 粉笔sandwich n. 三明治all over the world 遍及全世界by prep. 不迟于,在……之前use n. 使用,利用;用途per prep. 每,每一at least 至少inch n. 英寸ask for 请求;要stop doing something 停止做某事on someone’s way 在……路上on the way 在……路上二、课文翻译:Comic Strip– Hey, Hobo. Look at that.嗨,荷布。看那里。– What is it?那是什么?– It’s a UFO, Hobo.是不明飞行物,荷布。– Come on, Eddie. It’s just a plane. I saw one yesterday.得了吧,埃迪。它就是一架飞机。我昨天也看到了一架。– No. It’s a UFO. Look at its bright light.不,它是不明飞行物。看它上面的亮光。– They’re only the light on the plane.只是飞机上的灯。– It’s not a plane. Look, it’s so small.它不是飞机。看,它那么小。ReadingThe ghost in the park 公园里的鬼One Sunday morning, Millie and Amy went to Sunshine Park.As usual, they sat under a big tree.周日的早上,米莉和艾米去阳光公园。她们像平常一样坐在一棵大树下面。Suddenly, they heard a whisper from the bushes behind the tree.They turned around but saw nothing.’Is anybody there?’ Millie asked. Nobody replied.”That’s strange,” the two girls were very afraid. They left the park quickly.On their way home, they met Andy.突然,她们听到低语声从大树后面的灌木丛传出来。她们转过头但是没有什么东西。“有人在那儿吗?”米莉问道。没有人回答。“很奇怪,”这两个女孩很害怕。她们快速离开了公园。路上,她们遇见了安迪。‘What happened?’ Andy asked. “发生什么事了?”安迪问。“There’s a ghost in the park!” Millie said.Then she told Andy everything.”What is it?” Andy wondered.He went to the park, stood beside the tree and listened carefully.Then he heard the whisper!He scarched the bushes.“公园里有鬼!”米莉说。然后她把一切都告诉了安迪。“它是什么?”安迪感到诧异。他去了公园,站在树后面仔细地听。然后他听到了低语声。他把灌木丛搜查了一番。“Here it is,” Andy said to himself.He found a little cat in the bushes. It was very weak.When it miaowed, it sounded like a whisper.“它在这儿。”安迪自言自语地说。他在灌木丛里找到一只小猫。它很虚弱。当它喵喵叫的时候,听起来有点像低语。Andy picked up the little cat and went to find Millie and Amy.安迪捡起这只小猫,去找米莉和艾米。“This is the ghost in the park,” Andy said.Millie and Amy were surprised — it was a little cat! Later that day, they took the little cat to the animal centre.“这就是公园里的鬼。”安迪说。米莉和艾米很惊讶——它是一只小猫!那天晚些时候,她们把小猫送到了动物中心。Speaking up: That’s really amazing!– Do you know about any amazing things, Simon?西蒙,你知道什么令人吃惊的事吗?– Yes. I heard of a young man.He traveled around over 80 countries by bicycle.是的。我听说过一个年轻人。他骑自行车环游了80多个国家。– That’s cool! What amazing things do you know, Millie?那太酷!你知道什么令人吃惊的事吗,米莉?– I read about a man the other day.He can write with one hand and draw with the other at the same time.前几天我读到过一个人。他可以同时一只手写字一只手画画。– That’s really amazing! What about you, Peter? Do you know any amazing things?那真令人吃惊!你呢,彼得?你知道令人吃惊的事吗?– I learnt about an artist. He can draw 3-D pictures with chalk.我听说过一位美术家。他可以用粉笔画三维图片。– That’s really great!那真是太棒了!TaskWe live in a wonderful world with a lot of amazing things.我们生活在一个充满很多令人吃惊的事情的精彩世界里。Many people like sandwiches, but do you know anything about this kind of food?很多人喜欢三明治,但是你知道一些关于这种食物的事情吗?Sandwich got its name from a man called John Montagu, the Fourth Earl of Sandwich.三明治得名于一位名叫约翰蒙塔古的第四位三明治伯爵的人。The man loved playing cards with his friends very much.这个人非常喜欢和他的朋友们玩牌。He did not want to stop for meals, so he put meat between two pieces of bread.他不想停下来吃饭,所以他把肉放在两片面包中间。Soon others wanted to eat the same food, so they asked for a “sandwich”.不久,其他人想吃相同的食物,因此他们请求吃一块“三明治”。Later the food became popular all over the world.随后,这种食物变得受到全世界的欢迎。Isn’t that amazing?难道不是很令人吃惊吗?三、重要知识点【词汇精讲】1. Follow(1)作及物动词,意为“跟随,跟着”。例如:The students followed Mr. Wang to see the other machine. 学生们跟着王先生去看另一台机器(2)作及物动词,意为“听从、遵循、仿效”。例如:follow one’s advice 听从某人的建议follow the rules 遵守规章制度We shouldfollow her good example.她是个好榜样,我们应当仿效她。(3)作及物动词,意为“领会、听明白”。例如:I can’t follow his words. 我不明白他的话。2. have/has tohave to意为“不得不,必须”,表示客观情况要求某人必须做某事,有人称和时态的变化,后接动词原形。例如:She isn’t very well these days and she has to stay at home. 她这些天身体不太好,不得不待在家里。You don’t have to tell me this. 你不必告诉我这件事。【拓展】must与have to(1)have to侧重于客观需要,含有“不得不”或“被迫”之意,有多种时态形式;否定式为don’t have to意为“不必”。(2)must侧重于说话者的主观看法,认为有必要或有义务去做某事;只有现在时一种形式(在宾语从句中可以表示过去);否定式mustn’t 意为“一定不要;不允许”。例如:You must do your homework first. 你必须先做作业。It’s raining. I have to stay at home. 正在下雨,我不得不待在家里。口诀:“主观职责”说“必须”,must赶紧用上去;若是“环境”“不得不”,赶紧换用have to。3.rememberremember作动词,意为“记得”。常用于以下结构:remember to do sth.表示“记住要去做某事”(事情还没有做)。remember doing sth. 表示“记住做过某事”(事情已经做了)。例如:We must remember to turn off the TV. 我们一定要记得去关电视。I remembered sending you some stamps. 我记得给你寄邮票了。【拓展】类似结构还有:forget to do sth.“忘记去做某事”(事情还没有做)forget doing sth.“忘记做过某事”(事情已经做了)例如:Don’t forget to turn off the light when you leave. 离开时别忘记关灯。He forgot going to Shanghai with his parents when he was five years old. 他忘记五岁时曾经和父母去过上海。4. Soundsound作名词,意为“声音”。泛指自然界的任何声音,不论其高低、是否悦耳等。例如:I heard the sound of running water. 我听见流水声。Light travels faster than sound. 光比声音传播得快。【拓展】(1)noise可以作可数名词,也可以用作不可数名词,表示“人们不愿听到的声音或嘈杂声”。I heard some strange noises last night. 昨夜我听见一些奇怪的响声。例如:There's a lot of noise here. 这个地方人声嘈杂。(2)voice作名词,意为“声音;嗓音”。用于人时,指说话、歌唱或发笑的声音,也可指发言权。用于其它方面时,常含悦耳之声,如鸟鸣声,乐器声音等。例如:She has a sweetvoice. 她声音很甜美。Please speak in a louder voice. 请说话声再大些。5.laughlaugh作动词,意为“笑”。常见短语有:laugh at意为“嘲笑”“讥笑”。例如:Don’t laugh at him. He is very sad. 不要嘲笑他,他很伤心。The monkeys made people laugh. 猴子们惹得人们大笑。6.all day longall day long意为“整天”。long在这里是副词,用在表示一段时间的名词之后,起强调作用。例如:His elder brother stays at home all day long. 他哥哥整天待在家里。He wears a black cap all year long. 他一年到头戴一顶黑帽子。7. Acrossacross作介词,意为“横过,穿过”。例如:You can go across the bridge.你可以越过这座桥。You must not run across the road.你不要跑过马路。【拓展】辨析:through, across, over与crossthrough介词,指从物体的内部穿过。across介词,指从物体表面的一边到另一边。over介词,指翻越某一障碍物。cross动词,指从物体表面的一边到另一边。He went through the forest the next day.次日他穿过了森林。We walked across the road.我们穿过马路。There is a bridge over the river. 河上有一座桥。We found it impossible tocross the road.我们发现过马路是不可能的。8.prepareprepare作动词,意为“准备”。通常构成“prepare...for...”结构,意为“为„„准备„„”或“prepare for...”结构,意为“为„„做准备”。例如:Please prepare the table for dinner. 请摆好桌子准备吃饭。Heis preparing for his final exam. 他正在准备期末考试。9.plenty ofplenty of 意为“大量的,足够的”,相当于a lot of,既可修饰可数名词复数,又可修饰不可数名词。一般用于肯定句中。例如:I have plenty of time. 我有很多时间。There are plenty of guestsin the room. 屋里有很多客人。10. a/an与the(1)a/ an 是不定冠词,表示“一个(支,把„„)”。表示泛指,可以用于第一次提到某人或者某事。例如:a book 一本书an old man 一个老人a ruler 一把尺子a pen 一支钢笔I have a bike. The bike is yellow. 我有一辆自行车。那辆自行车是黄色的。a/an只能用在单数可数名词前面。a 用于辅音音素开头的词前,an用于元音音素开头的词前。例如:a bike 一辆自行车 a desk 一张桌子(/b/ /d/均是辅音音素,故前面用a)an egg 一个鸡蛋an orange 一个桔子(/е/ /ɔ/ 均是元音音素,故前面用an)(2)the是定冠词,意为“这(个),那(个);这(些),那(些)”。用在名词前面表特指。指说话双方都知道的人或事,还可以指前面提到过的人或事。例如:Give the book to me. 把那本书递给我。My father bought me a pen. The pen is red. 我爸爸给我买了一支钢笔。那支钢笔是红色的。句式精讲1.祈使句+and+陈述句“祈使句+ and + 陈述句”句型,and连接的两句之间是顺承关系,在这里前一句相当于if 引导的条件或假设,后一句表示一种结果或推论。例如:Give me one more hour, and I’ll finishthe work.(祈使句)= If you give me one more hour, I’ll finishthe work.(if条件句)再给我一小时的时间,我就能把工作完成。Work hard, and you’ll get good marks.= If you work hard, you’ll get good marks.努力学习,你就会取得好成绩。【拓展】句型“祈使句+ or + 陈述句”or表示“否则”、“要不然的话”,从反面来预测结果。在这里祈使句相当于“if ...not...”条件状语从句。例如:Hurry up, or you’ll be late.= If you don’t hurry up, you’ll be late.快点,否则你要迟到了。(如果你不快点,你就要迟到了。)2.make sb. do sth.make作使役动词,还可后接省略to的动词不定式,即:make sb. do sth. 意为“使/让某人做某事”,类似的动词还有let,have等。例如:Theboss made them work for long time. 老板让他们长时间工作。They made us forget past. 他们使我们忘记了过去。【注意】变成被动语态时需要还原to,即“be made to do sth.”结构。例如:He was made to cry by his younger sister. 他被他妹妹弄哭了。3.How do I get there?这是一句问路的日常用语。常见的问路的日常用语有两种句式:(1)一般疑问句表达:Can you tell me how to get to the bank? 你能告诉我怎样去银行吗?Could you tell me the way to the park? 你能告诉我去公园的路吗?Is there a park near hear? 这附近有公园吗?(2)特殊疑问句表达:Where is the park? 公园在哪儿?How can I get to the supermarket? 我怎么才能到达超市?Which is the way to the post office? 哪一条是到邮局的路?4.It’s + 距离+ from A to B.与A+be+距离+from+B.表示一处离另一处的距离有多种表达方式:(1)It’s + 距离+ from A to B.意为“A距离B……”。例如:It’s about eight mils from our school to the city. 从我们学校到那座城市有8英里远。(2)A+be+距离+from+B.意为“A距离B”……”。例如:The city is about eight mils from our school. 那座城市离我们学校有8英里远。【注意】far为不确定概念,仅表示“远”,不能和表示具体距离的数字连用。例如:The city is far away from here. 那座城市离这儿很远。5.be happy to do sth.be happy to do sth.意为“很高兴做某事”。例如:I’m happy to work with you. 很高兴与你一起工作。We’re happy to see you again. 我们很高兴再次见到您。
一、单词:amazing adj. 令人吃惊的,惊人的same adj. 同一的,相同的birth n.出生,诞生times n. [复](用于比较)倍earth n. 地球,大地bone n. 骨头back n.后部;背部fat n. 脂肪fact n. 事实as adv. 和……一样usual adj. 通常的,平常的as usual 照例,像往常一样sit down 坐下suddenly adv. 突然whisper n.低语,耳语bush n. 灌木丛turn around 转身;(使)翻转anybody pron. 任何人nobody pron.(=no one) 没有人,无人reply vi. 答复,回答strange adj. 奇怪的;陌生的leave vt. 离开quickly adv. 迅速地,飞快地happen vi. 发生everything pron. 每件事,每样事物,一切wonder vi. & vt. 琢磨,想知道;感到诧异carefully adv. 仔细地,认真地,小心地search vt.&vi.搜查,搜寻,搜索himself pron. 他自己say to oneself 自言自语weak adj. 虚弱的,无力的miaow vi.(猫叫声)喵pick vt.拾起pick up 拿起,举起surprised adj. 吃惊的,惊讶的later adv. 随后,后来run away 逃离,跑开somebody pron. 某人, 有人ago adv. 以前the day before yesterday 前天centimetre n. (=cm)<英>厘米,公分 =<美>centimeterdodo n. 渡渡鸟snake n. 蛇camel n. 骆驼ant n. 蚂蚁little pron.&det.不多的,少数的dry adj. 干的;干燥的without prep.没有be afraid of 害怕not any more 再也不,不再hear of 听说,知道the other day 那天, 前几天at the same time 同时chalk n. 粉笔sandwich n. 三明治all over the world 遍及全世界by prep. 不迟于,在……之前use n. 使用,利用;用途per prep. 每,每一at least 至少inch n. 英寸ask for 请求;要stop doing something 停止做某事on someone’s way 在……路上on the way 在……路上二、课文翻译:Comic Strip– Hey, Hobo. Look at that.嗨,荷布。看那里。– What is it?那是什么?– It’s a UFO, Hobo.是不明飞行物,荷布。– Come on, Eddie. It’s just a plane. I saw one yesterday.得了吧,埃迪。它就是一架飞机。我昨天也看到了一架。– No. It’s a UFO. Look at its bright light.不,它是不明飞行物。看它上面的亮光。– They’re only the light on the plane.只是飞机上的灯。– It’s not a plane. Look, it’s so small.它不是飞机。看,它那么小。ReadingThe ghost in the park 公园里的鬼One Sunday morning, Millie and Amy went to Sunshine Park.As usual, they sat under a big tree.周日的早上,米莉和艾米去阳光公园。她们像平常一样坐在一棵大树下面。Suddenly, they heard a whisper from the bushes behind the tree.They turned around but saw nothing.’Is anybody there?’ Millie asked. Nobody replied.”That’s strange,” the two girls were very afraid. They left the park quickly.On their way home, they met Andy.突然,她们听到低语声从大树后面的灌木丛传出来。她们转过头但是没有什么东西。“有人在那儿吗?”米莉问道。没有人回答。“很奇怪,”这两个女孩很害怕。她们快速离开了公园。路上,她们遇见了安迪。‘What happened?’ Andy asked. “发生什么事了?”安迪问。“There’s a ghost in the park!” Millie said.Then she told Andy everything.”What is it?” Andy wondered.He went to the park, stood beside the tree and listened carefully.Then he heard the whisper!He scarched the bushes.“公园里有鬼!”米莉说。然后她把一切都告诉了安迪。“它是什么?”安迪感到诧异。他去了公园,站在树后面仔细地听。然后他听到了低语声。他把灌木丛搜查了一番。“Here it is,” Andy said to himself.He found a little cat in the bushes. It was very weak.When it miaowed, it sounded like a whisper.“它在这儿。”安迪自言自语地说。他在灌木丛里找到一只小猫。它很虚弱。当它喵喵叫的时候,听起来有点像低语。Andy picked up the little cat and went to find Millie and Amy.安迪捡起这只小猫,去找米莉和艾米。“This is the ghost in the park,” Andy said.Millie and Amy were surprised — it was a little cat! Later that day, they took the little cat to the animal centre.“这就是公园里的鬼。”安迪说。米莉和艾米很惊讶——它是一只小猫!那天晚些时候,她们把小猫送到了动物中心。Speaking up: That’s really amazing!– Do you know about any amazing things, Simon?西蒙,你知道什么令人吃惊的事吗?– Yes. I heard of a young man.He traveled around over 80 countries by bicycle.是的。我听说过一个年轻人。他骑自行车环游了80多个国家。– That’s cool! What amazing things do you know, Millie?那太酷!你知道什么令人吃惊的事吗,米莉?– I read about a man the other day.He can write with one hand and draw with the other at the same time.前几天我读到过一个人。他可以同时一只手写字一只手画画。– That’s really amazing! What about you, Peter? Do you know any amazing things?那真令人吃惊!你呢,彼得?你知道令人吃惊的事吗?– I learnt about an artist. He can draw 3-D pictures with chalk.我听说过一位美术家。他可以用粉笔画三维图片。– That’s really great!那真是太棒了!TaskWe live in a wonderful world with a lot of amazing things.我们生活在一个充满很多令人吃惊的事情的精彩世界里。Many people like sandwiches, but do you know anything about this kind of food?很多人喜欢三明治,但是你知道一些关于这种食物的事情吗?Sandwich got its name from a man called John Montagu, the Fourth Earl of Sandwich.三明治得名于一位名叫约翰蒙塔古的第四位三明治伯爵的人。The man loved playing cards with his friends very much.这个人非常喜欢和他的朋友们玩牌。He did not want to stop for meals, so he put meat between two pieces of bread.他不想停下来吃饭,所以他把肉放在两片面包中间。Soon others wanted to eat the same food, so they asked for a “sandwich”.不久,其他人想吃相同的食物,因此他们请求吃一块“三明治”。Later the food became popular all over the world.随后,这种食物变得受到全世界的欢迎。Isn’t that amazing?难道不是很令人吃惊吗?三、重要知识点【词汇精讲】1. Follow(1)作及物动词,意为“跟随,跟着”。例如:The students followed Mr. Wang to see the other machine. 学生们跟着王先生去看另一台机器(2)作及物动词,意为“听从、遵循、仿效”。例如:follow one’s advice 听从某人的建议follow the rules 遵守规章制度We shouldfollow her good example.她是个好榜样,我们应当仿效她。(3)作及物动词,意为“领会、听明白”。例如:I can’t follow his words. 我不明白他的话。2. have/has tohave to意为“不得不,必须”,表示客观情况要求某人必须做某事,有人称和时态的变化,后接动词原形。例如:She isn’t very well these days and she has to stay at home. 她这些天身体不太好,不得不待在家里。You don’t have to tell me this. 你不必告诉我这件事。【拓展】must与have to(1)have to侧重于客观需要,含有“不得不”或“被迫”之意,有多种时态形式;否定式为don’t have to意为“不必”。(2)must侧重于说话者的主观看法,认为有必要或有义务去做某事;只有现在时一种形式(在宾语从句中可以表示过去);否定式mustn’t 意为“一定不要;不允许”。例如:You must do your homework first. 你必须先做作业。It’s raining. I have to stay at home. 正在下雨,我不得不待在家里。口诀:“主观职责”说“必须”,must赶紧用上去;若是“环境”“不得不”,赶紧换用have to。3.rememberremember作动词,意为“记得”。常用于以下结构:remember to do sth.表示“记住要去做某事”(事情还没有做)。remember doing sth. 表示“记住做过某事”(事情已经做了)。例如:We must remember to turn off the TV. 我们一定要记得去关电视。I remembered sending you some stamps. 我记得给你寄邮票了。【拓展】类似结构还有:forget to do sth.“忘记去做某事”(事情还没有做)forget doing sth.“忘记做过某事”(事情已经做了)例如:Don’t forget to turn off the light when you leave. 离开时别忘记关灯。He forgot going to Shanghai with his parents when he was five years old. 他忘记五岁时曾经和父母去过上海。4. Soundsound作名词,意为“声音”。泛指自然界的任何声音,不论其高低、是否悦耳等。例如:I heard the sound of running water. 我听见流水声。Light travels faster than sound. 光比声音传播得快。【拓展】(1)noise可以作可数名词,也可以用作不可数名词,表示“人们不愿听到的声音或嘈杂声”。I heard some strange noises last night. 昨夜我听见一些奇怪的响声。例如:There's a lot of noise here. 这个地方人声嘈杂。(2)voice作名词,意为“声音;嗓音”。用于人时,指说话、歌唱或发笑的声音,也可指发言权。用于其它方面时,常含悦耳之声,如鸟鸣声,乐器声音等。例如:She has a sweetvoice. 她声音很甜美。Please speak in a louder voice. 请说话声再大些。5.laughlaugh作动词,意为“笑”。常见短语有:laugh at意为“嘲笑”“讥笑”。例如:Don’t laugh at him. He is very sad. 不要嘲笑他,他很伤心。The monkeys made people laugh. 猴子们惹得人们大笑。6.all day longall day long意为“整天”。long在这里是副词,用在表示一段时间的名词之后,起强调作用。例如:His elder brother stays at home all day long. 他哥哥整天待在家里。He wears a black cap all year long. 他一年到头戴一顶黑帽子。7. Acrossacross作介词,意为“横过,穿过”。例如:You can go across the bridge.你可以越过这座桥。You must not run across the road.你不要跑过马路。【拓展】辨析:through, across, over与crossthrough介词,指从物体的内部穿过。across介词,指从物体表面的一边到另一边。over介词,指翻越某一障碍物。cross动词,指从物体表面的一边到另一边。He went through the forest the next day.次日他穿过了森林。We walked across the road.我们穿过马路。There is a bridge over the river. 河上有一座桥。We found it impossible tocross the road.我们发现过马路是不可能的。8.prepareprepare作动词,意为“准备”。通常构成“prepare...for...”结构,意为“为„„准备„„”或“prepare for...”结构,意为“为„„做准备”。例如:Please prepare the table for dinner. 请摆好桌子准备吃饭。Heis preparing for his final exam. 他正在准备期末考试。9.plenty ofplenty of 意为“大量的,足够的”,相当于a lot of,既可修饰可数名词复数,又可修饰不可数名词。一般用于肯定句中。例如:I have plenty of time. 我有很多时间。There are plenty of guestsin the room. 屋里有很多客人。10. a/an与the(1)a/ an 是不定冠词,表示“一个(支,把„„)”。表示泛指,可以用于第一次提到某人或者某事。例如:a book 一本书an old man 一个老人a ruler 一把尺子a pen 一支钢笔I have a bike. The bike is yellow. 我有一辆自行车。那辆自行车是黄色的。a/an只能用在单数可数名词前面。a 用于辅音音素开头的词前,an用于元音音素开头的词前。例如:a bike 一辆自行车 a desk 一张桌子(/b/ /d/均是辅音音素,故前面用a)an egg 一个鸡蛋an orange 一个桔子(/е/ /ɔ/ 均是元音音素,故前面用an)(2)the是定冠词,意为“这(个),那(个);这(些),那(些)”。用在名词前面表特指。指说话双方都知道的人或事,还可以指前面提到过的人或事。例如:Give the book to me. 把那本书递给我。My father bought me a pen. The pen is red. 我爸爸给我买了一支钢笔。那支钢笔是红色的。句式精讲1.祈使句+and+陈述句“祈使句+ and + 陈述句”句型,and连接的两句之间是顺承关系,在这里前一句相当于if 引导的条件或假设,后一句表示一种结果或推论。例如:Give me one more hour, and I’ll finishthe work.(祈使句)= If you give me one more hour, I’ll finishthe work.(if条件句)再给我一小时的时间,我就能把工作完成。Work hard, and you’ll get good marks.= If you work hard, you’ll get good marks.努力学习,你就会取得好成绩。【拓展】句型“祈使句+ or + 陈述句”or表示“否则”、“要不然的话”,从反面来预测结果。在这里祈使句相当于“if ...not...”条件状语从句。例如:Hurry up, or you’ll be late.= If you don’t hurry up, you’ll be late.快点,否则你要迟到了。(如果你不快点,你就要迟到了。)2.make sb. do sth.make作使役动词,还可后接省略to的动词不定式,即:make sb. do sth. 意为“使/让某人做某事”,类似的动词还有let,have等。例如:Theboss made them work for long time. 老板让他们长时间工作。They made us forget past. 他们使我们忘记了过去。【注意】变成被动语态时需要还原to,即“be made to do sth.”结构。例如:He was made to cry by his younger sister. 他被他妹妹弄哭了。3.How do I get there?这是一句问路的日常用语。常见的问路的日常用语有两种句式:(1)一般疑问句表达:Can you tell me how to get to the bank? 你能告诉我怎样去银行吗?Could you tell me the way to the park? 你能告诉我去公园的路吗?Is there a park near hear? 这附近有公园吗?(2)特殊疑问句表达:Where is the park? 公园在哪儿?How can I get to the supermarket? 我怎么才能到达超市?Which is the way to the post office? 哪一条是到邮局的路?4.It’s + 距离+ from A to B.与A+be+距离+from+B.表示一处离另一处的距离有多种表达方式:(1)It’s + 距离+ from A to B.意为“A距离B……”。例如:It’s about eight mils from our school to the city. 从我们学校到那座城市有8英里远。(2)A+be+距离+from+B.意为“A距离B”……”。例如:The city is about eight mils from our school. 那座城市离我们学校有8英里远。【注意】far为不确定概念,仅表示“远”,不能和表示具体距离的数字连用。例如:The city is far away from here. 那座城市离这儿很远。5.be happy to do sth.be happy to do sth.意为“很高兴做某事”。例如:I’m happy to work with you. 很高兴与你一起工作。We’re happy to see you again. 我们很高兴再次见到您。
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