人教版 (2019)必修 第一册Unit 5 Languages around the world精品导学案

这是一份人教版 (2019)必修 第一册Unit 5 Languages around the world精品导学案，共19页。学案主要包含了2019·北京卷等内容，欢迎下载使用。

【答案】
重点单词
1．native['neItIv] adj．出生地的；本地的；土著的 n．本地人
2．attitude['ætItjuːd；NAmE'ætItuːd]n．态度；看法
3．system['sIstəm]n．体系；制度；系统
4．despite[dI'spaIt]prep．即使；尽管
5．factr['fæktə(r)]n．因素；要素
6．symbl['sImbl]n．符号；象征
7．carve[kɑːv] vt．& vi．雕刻
8．dynasty['dInəsti；NAmE'daI­]n．王朝；朝代
9．majr['meIdʒə(r)]adj． 主要的；重要的；大的 n．主修课程；主修学生 vi．主修
10．means[miːnz] n．方式；方法；途径
11．classic['klæsIk]adj．传统的；最优秀的；典型的 n．经典作品；名著
12．regard[rI'ɡɑːd] n．尊重；关注 vt．把……视为；看待
13．character['kærəktə(r)]n．文字；符号；角色；品质；特点
词性转换
1．refer vi．提到；参考；查阅 vt．查询；叫……求助于→reference n．参考；参照；涉及
2．base_vt．以……为基础 n．底部；根据→ based adj．以(某事)为基础的
3．variety n．(植物、语言等的)变体；异体；多样化→varius adj．不同的；各种各样的→vary vt．& vi．使多样化；变化
4．glbal_adj．全球的；全世界的→glbe n．球体；地球仪；地球
5．appreciate vt．欣赏；重视；感激；领会 vi．增值→appreciatin n．欣赏；感激
目标短语
be native t...
refer t
despite the fact that…
be based n/upn
date back t ... （= date frm…）
a variety f = varieties f = varius
majr in
by means f...
by n means
regard … as …
appreciate China’s culture and histry
struggle fr sth./t d sth.
frm my pint f view
the spring/fall semester
ride/take the subway
beg sb t d sth
generatin gap
meet/satisfy their custmers' demands
beynd descriptin
与……有关， 和……有联系
积极/消极/坚定的态度
浮沉；兴衰；荣辱
.与……斗争；与……抗争
. 感激（某人）做某事
【拓展】apply sth. t 把……运用到……
apply t 适应于……
apply (t...) fr... (向……)申请……
apply fr a visa / passprt /jb/ schlarship申请签证/护照/工作 /奖学金
【例句】①Yu can apply thery t practice. 你可以把理论用于实践。
②I'm writing t apply fr the psitin as a student vlunteer.
我写这封信是为了申请学生志愿者的职位。
③I wuld be very grateful if yu culd kindly cnsider my applicatin.
如果你能诚恳地考虑我的申请，我会很感激的。
[练习]单句语法填空
①I'd appreciate it if yu can help me fill in the ____________ (apply) frm fr a new passprt.
②I'm writing t apply ____________a part­time jb at a freign cmpany in my city during the summer vacatin.
【答案】① applicatin ②fr
1. native adj．本国的；本地的 n．本地人；本国人
(教材P60)Hw many billin peple speak the UN’s fficial languages as their native r secnd language?
有多少亿人把联合国的官方语言作为他们的母语或第二语言？
【拓展】be native t 原产于
ne’s native cuntry/land/language某人的祖国/故乡/母语
be a native f… ……的人；原产于……的动物或植物
【例句】①As a matter f fact, French is nt my native language. 事实上，法语不是我的母语。
[练习]单句语法填空
①The researcher says the tiger is native ____________ India.
②Is her uncle a native ____________ Shanghai, r just a visitr?
【答案】① t ②f
2. date back (t…) 追溯(到……)
(教材P62)It dates back several thusand years t the use f lnggu…
它可以追溯到几千年前的龙骨的使用……
【拓展】date back t…＝date frm…追溯到……
ut f date 过时的，陈旧的
date back t ... / date frm… 不用于进行时，也不用于被动语态中，但可以用现在分词形式作定语。
【例句】①As far as I knw, the ld twn dates frm/back t the early Tang Dynasty.
据我所知，这个古老的城镇可追溯到初唐时期。
②I’d like t buy a new cat, because this ne is ut f date.
我想买一件新外套，因为这件外套已经过时了。
3. billin / ˈbɪljən / n. 十亿
(教材P60) Hw many billin peple speak the UN' s fficial languages as their native r secnd language?
有几十亿人把联合国的官方语言作为他们的母语或第二门语言？
表数量的词的用法
4. relate / rɪˈleɪt / vt. 联系；讲述 relatin /rɪˈleɪʃn/ n. 关系；联系；交往
(教材P67) Des each sentence relate t the main idea? 每个句子都与主旨有关吗？
【拓展】internatinal relatins国际关系
relate A with/ t B把…联系起来
be related t 与……有关， 和……有联系
relate t 与…… 相关；涉及；谈到
【例句】①I can't relate what he des with/ t what he says. 我没法把他做的和说的联系起来。
②This heart attack may be related t his verwrk. 这次心脏病发作可能和他工作过劳有关。
5. attitude n．态度；看法；姿态
(教材P60)What is the attitude f the speaker twards freign language learning?
说话者对外语学习的态度是什么？
【拓展】attitude t/twards… 对……的态度/看法
have/take a(n)…attitude t/twards…对……持/采取……的态度
a psitive /negative /firm attitude 积极/消极/坚定的态度
【例句】①Try t have a psitive attitude t/twards everything and stp cmplaining.
尽力对每件事情都持积极的态度，停止抱怨。
②We each shuld develp a psitive attitude_t/twards life. 我们每个人都应该培养积极的人生态度。
③Beauty is an attitude. It has nthing t d with age. 美是一种态度，与年龄无关。
6. pint f view观点；看法
(教材P64)I culd see the wrld frm a different pint f view. 我可以从不同的角度看世界。
【例句】① Try t see the matter frm her pint f view. 尽量从她的角度来考虑这个问题.
②Frm my pint f view , the party was a cmplete success. 依我看这次聚会非常圆满。
7. ups and dwns 浮沉；兴衰；荣辱
【例句】The relatinship between China and America has seen ups and dwns in the past fifty years.
在过去的50年里，中美两国关系跌宕起伏。
8. refer t 提及；查阅；参考；谈到；提交；指的是 reference n．言及，提及；参考；查阅
(教材P60)Pay attentin t the cntext f wrds t help yu understand what the prnuns refer t. 注意单词的上下文，帮助你理解代词指代什么。
【例句】① Yu may refer t yur ntes if yu want. 如果需要，可以查阅笔记。
②I wrte dwn the name f the htel fr future reference.
我记下了这家酒店的名字，以后也许用得着。
[练习][一词多义]——写出句中refer t的含义
①Since the by has been punished，please dn’t refer t that matter again. ______________
②If yu dn’t knw the exact meaning f the wrd, yu may refer t the dictinary. ______________
③When I said sme peple were stupid I wasn’t referring t yu. ______________
④As far as I knw，he is referred t as a living Lei Feng. ______________
【答案】① 提及 ②参考；查阅 ③指的是 ④把…称作
“查字典”的常用短语小结：
lk up the wrd in the dictinary
refer t the dictinary
9. based adj．以(某事)为基础的； 以……为重要部分(或特征)的
(教材P62)At the beginning, written Chinese was a picture­based language．
最初，书面汉语是一种以象形文字为基础的语言。
【拓展】be based n/upn 以……为基础/依据
base…n… 以……为基础
the ecnmic base 经济基础
【例句】①Sleep is, after all, a very basic need. 毕竟，睡眠是非常基本的需要。
[练习]单句语法填空
①One shuld always base his pinin ___________ facts.
②The film ___________ (base) n a true stry, and it is very ppular.
＝____________(base) n a true stry, the film is very ppular.
③They have t have a ___________(base) understanding f cmputers in rder t use the technlgy.
【答案】① n ②is based; Based ③ basic
10.variety /vəˈraɪətɪ/ n. (植物、语言等的）变体；异体；多样化 vary vt. & vi. 改变；变化
(教材P62) was a time when peple were divided gegraphically, leading t many varieties f dialects and characters. ... ...那是一个中国人在地理上是分裂时期，导致了多种方言和文字。
【拓展】 a variety f = varieties f = varius 多种多样的；各种各样的
fr varius reasns 由于种种原因
vary frm…t… 从……到……不等；在……到……之间变动
【例句】 ①China has a variety f / varieties f / varius plants. 中国有着品种繁多的植物。
② In my free time，I’d like t take exercise，such as swimming, running and varius/a variety f ball games．
在业余时间，我喜欢锻炼，例如：游泳，跑步，以及各种各样的球类运动。
[练习]单句语法填空
①All languages change ver time and vary __________ place t place because f the lcal accent．
所有的语言都会随着时间的推移而变化，并且由于地方口音的不同而有所不同。
②It is a pity that sme peple can’t g back hme at the Spring Festival fr a __________ (varius) f reasns．
很遗憾，有些人因为各种各样的原因不能在春节回家。
【答案】① frm ②variety
11. appreciate /ə'pri:ʃieɪt /
vt. 欣赏；重视；感激；领会
appreciate China’s culture and histry thrugh this amazing language.
通过汉语这一奇妙的语言了解和欣赏中国的文化和历史。（P62）
I'd greatly appreciate yur supprt .我非常感激你的支持。
appreciate (ne’s) ding sth. 感激（某人）做某事
He wuld much appreciate yur ding him that favr.
如果你能帮他这个忙，他会非常感激的。
I’d appreciate it if 如果……，将感激不尽
I’d appreciate it if yu culd let me knw in advance whether r nt yu will cme.
如果你能提前让我知道你是否来，我将感激不尽。
vi. 增值
Their investments have appreciated ver the years. 他们的投资这些年来已经增值。
【拓展】
appreciatin /əˌpri:ʃiˈeɪʃn/ n. 欣赏；感激；领会；了解
Learning Chinese calligraphy will increase yur appreciatin f Chinese culture.
学习中国书法将增加你对中国文化的鉴赏力。（P63）
They have a strnger appreciatin f the imprtance f educatin.
他们对教育的重要性有了更深的理解。
12. demand/ dɪˈmɑ:nd /
n.要求；需求 ；in demand需求大
I must make it a questin , nt a demand. 我必须把它作为一个问题，而不是要求。（P66）
Demand fr cal is dwn. 煤的需求下降了。
Gd teachers are always in demand. 优秀的老师总是需求很大。
vt. 强烈要求；需要
She demanded an immediate answer. 她强烈要求立即作出答复。
demand + that从句（从句中用虚拟语气“shuld+动词原形”， shuld常可省略）
The wrkers demanded that they (shuld) get better pay and cnditins.
工人们要求提高工资和改善工作条件。
vi.查问
“Wh are yu? ” he demanded angrily. “你到底是谁？”他气势汹汹地查问道。
13. means /mi:nz/ n.方式；方法；途径
Written Chinese has als becme an imprtant means by which China's present is cnnected with its past.
书面汉语也已成为一种把中国的现在与过去联系起来的一个重要的手段。（P62）
by means f... 用... ...办法；借助... ...
He succeeded by means f hard wrk. 他依靠自己辛勤的劳动而获得成功。
by n means 绝不，无论如何都不
He is by n means a brave persn. 他绝对不是一个勇敢的人。
14. struggle / ˈstrʌgl /
n. 斗争；奋斗；努力；难事
When I started studying German , it was a struggle.
当我开始学习德语时，那是一件很难的事。（P64）
Lsing weight was a terrible struggle. 减肥是一件非常艰难的事。
vi. 斗争；奋斗；搏斗；努力
She struggled t her feet. 她艰难地站起来。
struggle fr sth./t d sth. 为争取……而奋斗
They were struggling fr independence. 他们在为争取独立而奋斗。
struggle against/with sb./sth.与……斗争；与……抗争
He struggled against cancer fr tw years.他同癌症抗争了两年。
15. .regard / rɪˈgɑ:d /
n. 尊重；关注 ； 问候（尤用于信中表示问好）
The high regard fr the Chinese writing system can be seen in the develpment f Chinese characters … 对汉语书写系统的高度重视从汉字的发展可以看出……（P62）
Give my regards t yur family. 请代我向你家人问好。
vt. 把... 视为；看待；regard … as … 将……认为；把……视为
Her wrk is very highly regarded. 她的工作受到高度评价。
He regarded me as his friend. 他把我当成朋友。
一、根据首字母或者汉语意思完成句子。
1. They rented an___________(公寓套房) in a building verlking Central Park.
2. That man gave me a vivid____________(描述) f Guilin scenery.
3.There are___________(各种各样) f wild life in this rainfrest.
4．Like many yung peple，he prefers pp music t __________ (古典的) music.
5．Practising Chinese Kungfu can nt nly build up yur bdy but als can develp yur __________ (品质，个性).
6．As yu get lder, yur __________ (态度) twards life changes.
7．The weather culd be a majr __________ (因素) in tmrrw’s game.
8．As we all knw, cars have becme a ppular __________ (途径，方法) f transprt.
9. My brther m________________ in cmputer applicatin when she was at cllege.
10. Li Tai, as a calligrapher, ften participates in natinal c__________________exhibitins.
11. She disclsed sme details ,which was r_________t the murder case.
12. In making the plan, Tm went t the library and r______________t many bks.
13.D_____________the snw utside, he went t wrk as usual.
14. At the cngress, many delegates talked abut the refrm f the educatin s__________
【答案】
1.apartment 2.descriptin 3. varieties 4. classical 5. character
6. attitude 7. factr 8. means 9. majred 10. calligraphy
11. related 12. referred 13. Despite 14. system
二、单句语法填空
1. Slid friendship is___________ ( base) n mutual trust.
2. As an art schl, it is___________________( knw) fr its scientific teaching methds.
3. The veteran fighter_____________________(refer) t his experiences during the Lng March.
4. When travel arund ur cuntry, yu will hear__________________( variety) f dialects here and there.
5. Many freign friends think sme f the Chinese___________________( character) difficult t write.
6. D yu think it__________________(imprtance) t practice speaking English every day.
7. Li Hua is____________________( regard)as a gd example t fllw in ur class.
8. We shuld try t imprve __________ (we) thrugh learning．
9. He felt it rather difficult t be against the pinin f the __________ (majr)．
10. What is yur attitude___________ senir high students taking up a part­time jb?
11. Henry tld me that there was a time __________ he stayed up every night ging ver his lessns．
12. As the wrld has becme a glbal village, learning English well is __________great imprtance t us all．
【答案】1.based 2. knwn 3. referred 4. varieties 5. characters
6. imprtant 7. regarded 8.urselves 9. majrity 10. T
11. when 12. f
一、完形填空
阅读下面的短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Thrughut histry, peple have been interested in knwing hw language first began, but n ne knws exactly where r hw this happened. 1 , we d knw a lt abut 2 ,the languages f tday and als the languages f 3 times. There are 4 abut three thusand languages in the wrld tday. Chinese is the language 5 the mst speakers. English, Russian and Spanish are als spken by many millins f peple. 6 , sme languages in the wrld have less than ne hundred speakers.
There are several imprtant 7 f languages in the wrld. Fr example, mst f the languages f 8 are in ne large family 9 the IndEurpean language family. The riginal language f this family was spken abut 4,500 years 10 . Many f the present languages f Eurpe and India are mdern 11 f the language f 4,500 years ag.
Languages are 12 changing. The English f tday is very different 13 the English f 500 years ag. Over time sme even 14 cmpletely. Abut 1,000 years ag 15 was a little knwn relative f German 16 n ne f the brders(边界) f Eurpe.
If a language has 17 speakers r if it is very ld, there may be 18 in the way it is spken in different areas. That is, the language may have several 19 . Chinese is a gd example f dialect differences. Chinese has been spken fr thusands f years by many millins f speakers. The differences amng the dialects f Chinese are s great that speakers f Chinese frm sme parts f China 20 understand speakers frm ther parts.
1．A．ButB．RatherC．HweverD．Besides
2．A．EnglishB．histryC．ChineseD．languages
3．A．earlierB．latterC．mdernD．hard
4．A．frequentlyB．prbablyC．fluentlyD．gradually
5．A．frB．withC．inD．f
6．A．In a wrdB．At presentC．On the ne handD．On the ther hand
7．A．blcksB．accentsC．familiesD．changes
8．A．EurpeB．AsiaC．AfricaD．America
9．A．calledB．spkenC．callingD．speaking
10．A．befreB．agC．laterD．ld
11．A．timesB．familiesC．frmsD．members
12．A．alwaysB．seldmC．ftenD．smetimes
13．A．abutB．withC．inD．frm
14．A．die utB．die awayC．die dwnD．die ff
15．A．SpanishB．EnglishC．ChineseD．Russian
16．A．calledB．referredC．spkenD．named
17．A．a great deal fB．a fewC．a littleD．a number f
18．A．speakersB．differencesC．identityD．changes
19．A．dialectsB．spellingsC．usagesD．expressins
20．A．mustn’tB．may ntC．wn’tD．can’t
二、七选五
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
I'm ften asked hw t study English effectively. I think this means getting the mst ut f yur study time, and that means variety. 21．
Study Every Day
It's imprtant t study English every day. Hwever, dn't exaggerate (夸张)!22． This habit f studying English every day will help keep English in yur brain fresh.
A Little Grammar, a Little Listening, a Little Reading, and a Little Writing
23． Study a little grammar, then d a shrt listening exercise, and then read an article n the same tpic. Dn't d t much; twenty minutes n three different types f exercises is plenty!
24．
Give yurself ne grammar gal when reading a new article r watching a new vide. Fr example, try t write dwn each example f a frm yu are studying such as the present perfect. Use clred pens t highlight (使……突出) frms that yu are studying.
Use Different Learning Methds
Dn't just use ne way t study English. Use many kinds f methds which will make all the parts f yur brain help yu. 25． All f these methds tgether help with yur learning.
Find Sme Friends
Yu can practice the exercises tgether, have cnversatins tgether (in English) , and, as yu study English tgether, help each ther with exercises yu may nt understand.
A．Frget Grammar
B．Review Grammar as Yu Watch r Read
C．Here are sme simple exercises t help yu warm up
D．Here are sme basic ideas t help yu as yu study English
E.Study fr thirty minutes every day instead f tw hurs nce a week.
F.Make sure that yu study a number f areas rather than fcusing n just ne
G.Fr example, if yu are learning new vcabulary, create a wrd map, describe a picture, make a list...
三、阅读选择
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Language is brn f culture and in turn reflects (反映) the histry f a culture. This is clear when we cmpare English in Britain, the United States and Australia.
Of the three dialects, British English has the mst cnfusing (令人困惑的) grammar and spelling rules. This is prbably because the develpment f English has been under the cntrl f the upper class. The mdern English language came int being in the 18th century. The upper class wh spke French wanted t shw their influence and make themselves different frm the uneducated wrking peple. In ther wrds, British English reflects the British character with class.
The US dialect is generally recgnized as the easiest t understand. Cmpared with British English, its spelling is mre cnnected with its prnunciatin. And its grammatical rules are much easier t fllw. What's mre, its wrds are simpler t prnunce. Fr freigners, it's much easier t learn. That's why American English is mre ppular in the wrld.
The reasn why American English is simpler than British English is cnnected with its special histry. British English was mainly influenced by the upper class. But American upper class didn't exist when American English was brn. American English was based n the dialects spken by wrking peple frm different cuntries. S the frmatin f American English was based n a rule t help all the wrking peple with different cultural backgrunds cmmunicate mre easily.
Australian English is different frm British and American English. It is the mst vulgar (粗俗的) f the three. Actually it has a tendency t shw its inventin, disrespect and humr. At times, this can make it almst impssible t understand and quite implite t sme educated speakers. That is partly cnnected with special identity f the early settlers.
26．Why is British English mre cnfusing than American English?
A．Because it was influenced by the upper class.
B．Because English peple are mre educated.
C．Because it was ttally created by Frenchmen.
D．Because England was mre pwerful in the past.
27．American English is mre ppular than British English wrldwide because ________.
A．it has fewer wrdsB．the US has a shrter histry
C．the US has a larger ppulatinD．it is easier t learn fr freigners
28．What can we infer frm the passage?
A．Australian English is easy t understand.
B．Australian English is preferred by educated peple.
C．Mdern English became ppular in the 18th century.
D．American English may develp frm wrking peple's language.
29．Which f the fllwing can best describe Australian English?
A．Plite. B．Rude. C．Welcme. D．Special.
B
Have yu ever cnsidered all the English expressins that include wrds abut clthes? Let’s have a lk.
Peple wear pants t cver the lwer part f their bdies. We smetimes say that peple wh are nervus have ants in their pants. Smetimes, peple may get caught with their pants dwn. They are fund ding smething they shuld nt be ding. And, in every family, ne persn takes cntrl. Smetimes a wife tells her husband what t d. Then we say she wears the pants in the family.
Pants usually have pckets t hld things. Mney that is likely t be spent quickly can burn a hle in yur pcket. Smetimes yu need a belt t hld up yur pants. If yu have less mney than usual, yu may have t tighten yur belt.
I always praise peple wh can save their mney and nt spend t much. I really take my hat ff t them. Yet, when it cmes t my wn mney, I spend it at the drp f a hat, which means I instantly spend it.
Bts are a heavy r strng kind f shes. Peple wh are t big fr their bts think they are mre imprtant than they really are. I dislike such peple.
My father is an imprtant persn. He runs a big cmpany. He wears a suit and tie, and a shirt with sleeves that cver his arms. Sme peple wh d nt knw him well think he is t serius and never shws his feelings penly. But I knw that my father wears his heart n his sleeve.
30．What is this passage mainly abut?
A．What pants mean in English.B．Sme special English expressins.
C．Sme funny English expressins.D．Sme expressins related t clthes.
31．Which f the fllwing expressins can shw smene is nervus?
A．Get caught with ne’s pants dwn.B．Have ants in ne’s pants.
C．Wear the pants in the family.D．Burn a hle in ne’s pcket.
32．Smene wh spends his mney at the drp f a hat mst prbably________．
A．desn’t save mneyB．earns much mney
C．never wastes his mneyD．spends mre than he earns
答案解析
一、完形填空
1-5 CDABB
6-10 DCAAB
11-15 CADAB
16-20 CDBAD
【分析】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了语言的起源及变化。
1．考查连词和副词辨析。空格前后句意相反，but后不能出现逗号，因此此处用hwever表转折。故选C。
2．考查名词辨析。根据“the languages f tday and als the languages f”可知，是对语言的了解，故选D。
3．考查形容词辨析。A. earlier早期的；B. latter后来的；C. mdern现代的；D. hard坚硬的。根据“f tday”可知，对应的是早期语言，故选A。
4．考查副词辨析。句意：现今世界上可能大约有三千种语言。A. frequently频繁地； B. prbably 可能；C. fluently流利地；D. gradually逐渐地。根据abut可知，数字并不确定，故选B。
5．考查介词辨析。句意：中文是拥有最多使用者的语言。A. fr为了；B. with带有，拥有； C. in在……里面；D. f……的。此处用with“有”表伴随，故选B。
6．考查介词短语辨析。A. In a wrd 总之；B. At present现在；C. On the ne hand一方面；D. On the ther hand另一方面。前文讲中文等语言有许多使用者，此处讲一些语言只有不到一百个使用者，这是另一方面，故选D。
7．考查名词辨析。根据后文“the IndEurpean language family”可知，这里是讲几个重要语系，故选C。
8．考查名词辨析。根据“IndEurpean language family”可知，此处是指欧洲语言，故选A。
9．考动词辨析。句意：例如，大部分欧洲语言属于叫作印欧语系的大语系。A. called 叫作；B. spken说；C. calling叫作；D. speaking说话。IndEurpean language family是这种大语系的名字，用“叫作”符合语境，逻辑主语family和call之间是被动关系，应用过去分词作后置定语，故选A。
10．考查副词辨析。根据riginal可知，是4500年前，故选B。
11．考查名词辨析。句意：很多欧洲和印度的现代语言使4500年前的语言的现代形式。A. times次数；B. families语系；C. frms形式；D. members成员。现代语言是远古语言的变形，故选C。
12．考查副词辨析。根据后文讲现在的英文和五百年前的英文不同，甚至有些语言已经完全消失，可知，语言总是在变化，故选A。
13．考查介词辨析和固定搭配。be different frm意为“与……不同”，为固定搭配，故选D。
14．考查动词短语辨析。句意：随着时间过去甚至有些语言已经完全消失。A. die ut消亡；B. die away减弱； C. die dwn逐渐消失；D. die ff相继死去。根据cmpletely可知，此处是指语言完全消失，故选A。
15．考查名词辨析。句意：一千年前的英语还与欧洲边界地区人们讲的德语有关。A. Spanish 西班牙语；B. English英语；C. Chinese中文；D. Russian俄语。根据前文讲英文的变化可知，此处是讲一千年前的英语与德语有关，故选B。
16．考查动词辨析。German“德语”应是在其中一个边界上被说，故选C。
17．考查形容词短语辨析。A. a great deal f大量的；B. a few几个；C. a little很少；D. a number f大量的。根据后文举例Chinese可知，此处是讲使用者众多或很古老的语言，a great deal f只能修饰不可数名词，故选D。
18．考查名词辨析。根据in different areas可知，此处是讲不同地区的同一语言的使用方式不同，故选B。
19．考查名词辨析。A. dialects方言；B. spellings拼写；C. usages使用；D. expressins表达。根据前文讲在不同区域它的使用方式可能会有不同可知，此处是指这种语言可能有几种方言，且下文的“The differences amng the dialects f Chinese are s great ”也有暗示。故选A。
20．考查情态动词辨析。A. mustn’t禁止；B. may nt也许不；C. wn’t不会；D. can’t不能。根据前文讲中文的一些方言差异很大可知，不同方言的使用者无法理解对方说的方言，故选D。
二、七选五
21-25 DEFBG
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了几种有效的英语学习方法。
21．上文“I'm ften asked hw t study English effectively. I think this means getting the mst ut f yur study time, and that means variety.”以及下文所列举的小标题说明本文主题就是介绍英语学习方法。D项承接上文，引出下文几条学习方法。故选D项。
22．小标题“Study Every Day”说明每天都要学习英语，E.符合本段主题，是每天学习的具体措施。故选E项。
23．下文“Study a little grammar, then d a shrt listening exercise, and then read an article n the same tpic.”介绍了一系列学习内容方法，F项引出下文，符合本段主题（小标题）。故选F项。
24．下文“Give yurself ne grammar gal when reading a new article r watching a new vide.”说明学习时给自己设个语法目标。B项能概括本段大意，适合做本段标题。故选B项。
25．上文“Use many kinds f methds which will make all the parts f yur brain help yu.”和下文“All f these methds tgether help with yur learning.”都在谈论方法对学习的帮助，G项承接上文，列举了一系列具体的学习方法，下文中的these methds指代“所举方法”，进一步说明这些方法的作用。故选G项。
三、阅读选择
A
26-29 ADDB
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了英式英语、美式英语和澳式英语的异同。
26．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Of the three dialects, British English has the mst cnfusing (令人困惑的) grammar and spelling rules. This is prbably because the develpment f English has been under the cntrl f the upper class.”可知，因为受到上层阶级的影响，英式英语的语法和拼写变得令人费解。故选A项。
27．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Fr freigners, it's much easier t learn. That's why American English is mre ppular in the wrld.”可知，美式英语比英式英语更受欢迎是因为美式英语更容易学。故选D项。
28．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“S the frmatin f American English was based n a rule t help all the wrking peple with different cultural backgrunds cmmunicate mre easily.”可推知，美式英语可能从劳动人民的语言发展而来。故选D项。
29．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“It is the mst vulgar f the three.”以及“disrespect and humr ”和“quite implite (非常不礼貌的)”可知，澳大利亚英语是粗鲁无礼的。故选B项。
B
30-32 DCA
【详解】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了几种和衣服有关的习语表达。
1. 主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Have yu ever cnsidered all the English expressins that include wrds abut clthes? Let’s have a lk.”以及下文对主这样的介短语的介绍可知，本文主要是介绍了一些与衣服有关的英语习语。故选D。
2. 细节理解题。根据文章第二段的“We smetimes say that peple wh are nervus have ants in their pants.”可知，我们有时会说紧张的人有蚂蚁在裤子里，故Have ants in ne’s pants.表示某人是紧张的。故选B。
3. 推理判断题。根据第四段中“Yet, when it cmes t my wn mney, I spend it at the drp f a hat, which means I instantly spend it.”可知， Smene wh spends his mney at the drp f a hat表示把钱立刻花掉，即不节约，故选A。
1. 【2018全国卷II语法填空】Accrding t the Wrld Bank, China accunts fr abut 30 percent f ttal 67______ (glbe) fertilizer cnsumptin.
2.【河南省八市重点高中联盟“领军考试”2019届高三第五次测评】Calligraphy is a visual art 1 (relate) t writing. It is the design and executin f lettering with a brad tip instrument, brush, r ther writing instruments.
3. 【2019·北京卷】Students shuld have a prper attitude twards cllege befre thinking abut which cllege t attend, and it’s never t early t make necessary preparatins fr a healthy and ___10___(meaning)cllege experience.
1. 答案及解析：glbal 考查词性转换。句意：根据世界银行的数据，中国约占全球化肥总消费量的30%。fertilizer cnsumptin是名词短语，应该用形容词修饰,故答案为glbal。
2.related【解析】考查非谓语动词。短语be related t与……相关，在句中作定语，修饰名词art，故用过去分词形式。句意：书法是一种与书写有关的视觉艺术。故填related。
3.meaningful. 考查词性转换。句意：在考虑该上哪个大学之前，学生应该对于大学有一个适当的态度，尽量提早做必要的准备，以便将来能够有一个健康并且有意义的大学生活。
重点单词
1．____________ ['neItIv]adj．出生地的；本地的；土著的 n．本地人
2．____________ ['ætItjuːd；NAmE'ætItuːd]n．态度；看法
3．____________ ['sIstəm]n．体系；制度；系统
4．____________ [dI'spaIt]prep．即使；尽管
5．____________ ['fæktə(r)]n．因素；要素
6．____________ ['sImbl]n．符号；象征
7．____________ [kɑːv] vt．& vi．雕刻
8．____________ ['dInəsti；NAmE'daI­]n．王朝；朝代
9．____________ ['meIdʒə(r)]adj． 主要的；重要的 n．主修课程 vi．主修
10．____________ [miːnz] n．方式；方法；途径
11．____________ ['klæsIk]adj．传统的；最优秀的；典型的 n．经典作品；名著
12．____________ [rI'ɡɑːd] n．尊重；关注 vt．把……视为；看待
13．____________ ['kærəktə(r)]n．文字；符号；角色；品质；特点
词性转换
1．refer vi．提到；参考；查阅→____________ n．参考；参照；涉及
2．base_vt．以……为基础 n．底部；根据→____________adj．以(某事)为基础的
3．variety n．(植物、语言等的)变体；异体；多样化→____________adj．不同的；各种各样的→____________ vt．& vi．使多样化；变化
4．glbal_adj．全球的；全世界的→____________ n．球体；地球仪；地球
5．appreciate vt．欣赏；重视；感激；领会 vi．增值→____________ n．欣赏；感激
目标短语
原产于某地_________________
指的是；描述；提到；查阅 _________________
尽管…_________________
以…为基础；_________________
追溯到 _________________
多种多样的；各种各样的_________________
主修…学科_________________
用...办法；借助... _________________
绝不，无论如何都不_________________
将…认为；把…视为_________________
欣赏中国的文化和历史_________________
为争取…而奋斗_________________
依我看_________________
春季 / 秋季学期_________________
乘地铁_________________
乞求某人干某事_________________
代沟_________________
满足客户要求_________________
难以形容_________________
be related t _________________
a psitive /negative /firm attitude _________________
ups and dwns _________________
struggle against/with sb./sth. _________________
重点语法
定语从句（二）—关系副词的用法
dzen（十二）,scre（二十）,hundred（百）,thusand（千）,millin（百万）, billin（十亿）
之前有确切的数字时，用单数形式；没有确切的数字时，用复数形式，而且多和f连用。
tw dzen eggs两打鸡蛋 dzens f eggs几十个鸡蛋
five hundred peple五百人 hundreds f peple数百计的人
three billin years 30亿年 billins f years数十亿年