人教版 (2019)必修 第一册Unit 5 Languages around the world练习题

这是一份人教版 (2019)必修 第一册Unit 5 Languages around the world练习题，共10页。
（注：定语从句PPT课件请参见我们制作的必修一第四单元
Discvering Useful Structures 定语从句）
定语从句的定义
定语：用来修饰名词代词的形容词等。主要是形容词。
从句：从句是相对于主句而言的。从句一定有连接词引导。
I was late fr class, because my clck didn’t g ff.
定语从句：用来修饰一个名词或者代词的句子叫做定语从句。也叫形容词性从句。
PS:定语从句可以翻译出一个“的”字。
定语从句的结构
主句：含有被修饰的名词+从句：引导词+修饰名词的句子
This is a bk that I bught nline.
主句中被修饰的名词叫做先行词，连接主句和从句的连词叫做关系词。
定语从句的功能
定语从句用来修饰限定一个名词或者代词。主要是限定所指人或事物的范围。强调哪个（种）人，哪个（种）物。
I have a bk.我有一本书（泛指）
I have a bk （ that I bught nline ）.我有一本网上买的书。（指明这本书是网上买的，而不是其他地方来的。言外之意他还有一些其他地方来的书。）
定语从句的分类和区别
He has a sister wh is a dctr. 他有一个当医生的姐姐。（不止一个姐姐）
He has a sister, wh is a dctr.他有一个姐姐是一名医生。（只有一个姐姐）
关系词的分类
根据关系词在从句中是否充当基本成分可将关系词分为关系代词和关系副词。
关系词的使用规则
先行词为物，只能使用that不能使用which的情况
当先行词为不定代词：all, bth, neither, nne, either, any, everything, nthing, smething, anything, much, many, few, a few, little, a little.
当先行词被all, bth, sme, n, every, any, each, much等修饰时;
当先行词被序数词、最高级修饰；
当先行词被the nly, the very, the last, the same修饰；
当先行词即有人又有物时。
下列分别属于哪一条规则：
I have taken dwn everything that the teacher said.
I have taken dwn all that is imprtant.
All the bks that yu bught are interesting.
This is the best bk that I have read.
Shpping is the nly thing that I want t d.
We ften talk abut the peple and things that we remember.
先行词为物，只能用which不能用that的情况
只能用which的情况：介词后面，逗号后面。
介词后面，指物的关系代词只能用which；
The huse in which we live is far frm schl.
The painting fr which he paid $1,000 was nce wned by a businessman.
逗号后面，指物的关系代词只能用which。
I live in Kunming, which is the capital f Yunnan prvince.
The big red dg, which was very ld nw, became ill and died.
上下文出现that，避免重复使用which。
练一练
1. D yu have anything yu want t say fr yurself ?
2. The sprts meeting was put ff, astnished me.
3. All the presents yur friends gave yu n yur birthday shuld be put away.
4. This is the best film I've ever seen.
5. This is the very bus I'm waiting fr.
6. It lks like the same bk yu bught in the bkstre.
7. He is always the first man cmes t classrm.
8. The building in _______ she lived was demlished.
9. We depend n the land frm________ we can get ur fd.
10. We depend n the land _______ we can get ur fd frm.
11. She wn the first prize, _______ was mre than we expected.
12. The film ________ we saw last night was very interesting.
13. The film,________ was shwed last night , was very mving.
14. His father passed away yesterday, ________ came as a sudden shck.
只能使用wh不能使用that的情况
当先行词为人称代词：he, she, they, ne(s), anyne, nbdy等.
He wh has never been t the Great Wall is nt a true man.
当先行词为指示代词时: thse, these;
Thse wh are easily cntent are always happy.
Gd help thse wh help themselves.
当先行词为peple或是表示人的集体名词时；
Peple wh wrk hard are always frtunate.
非限制性定语从句中
He has a sister, wh is a teacher.
练一练
1. D yu knw anyne can slve this prblem?
2. I admire thse are hnest, brave, diligent.
3. They are audience are invited t watch this play.
4. He is the best man I've ever knwn.
5. He is always the last ne leaves the drmitry.
6. She is always the last ne ges back t the drmitry.
关系代词的省略问题
非限制性定语从句中一定要有关系代词，不可省略。关系代词做主语两种从句均不能省略。限制性定语从句中作宾语的关系代词都可以省略，非限制性定语从句中不能省。
I like the bk, which yu give me. （非限制定从作宾语，不能省which）
I like the bk (that/which) yu give me. （限制定从作宾语，可省that/which）
非限制性定语从句中，代人作主语只能用wh, 作宾语用wh(m)均可，但是whm更为正式，很少用于口语。代物只能用which作主语或宾语，不能用that，指的是某样东西，或者前面提到的一整件事。
I like teachers, wh are humrus. （代人做主语，不能用that）
I like teachers, wh(m) I can ask fr help. （代人作宾语，wh，whm均可）
I like this bk, which yu give me. （代物作宾语，指的是书）
He made mistakes again, which made the head teacher angry. (代物做主语，指一整件事)
如果先行词和从句的主语有所属关系要用whse，可用在限制性也可用在非限制性定语从句中。whse也可以放在介词后面：in whse car; frm whse bk。
I like the rm whse windw faces east. (房间的窗子)
I went t help him, whse mney gt lst. (他的钱)
I visited my uncle, in whse huse I spent the summer vacatin.
非限制性定语从句中，如果从句主语和先行词存在整体与部分关系时，我们要用（all, bth, each, many, mst, neither, nne, part, sme, 基数词，序数词，最高级）+f which/whm。
They are my students, three f whm are frm Beijing.
I have ten bks, all f which are interesting.
介词后面的关系词只有which(代物)和whm(代人)，不能用that或者wh。
He is my friend with whm I share my happiness.
This is a reference bk withut which I culdn’t pass the exam.
练一练
1. I dn’t think that he will cme t see me, makes me sad.
2. This is the scientist achievements are well knwn.
3. He is a famus star, in garden lies a swimming pl.
4. He lived in a big huse, in frnt f std a big tall tree.
5. In the dark street, there wasn’t a single persn, t she culd turn fr help.
什么时候用关系副词？
当先行词在从句中不作基本成分(主、宾、表)，而且先行词表示时间地点和原因，在从句中作状语。翻译分别为：when(在那个时候)、where(在那个地方)、why(因为这样)。why的先行词一定是reasn。
Circle the tw clubs where these tw cnversatins happened. (P12)
I went t my uncle’s huse, where I spent my vacatin.
N ne in mdern times knew abut the tmb until 1974, when sme farmers discvered the tmb. (P30)
There was a time when the tw brthers walked t schl.
My clck didn’t g ff. This is the reasn why I was late fr class.
注意：当有的先行词表示一种抽象的地点且在从句中做地点状语，不作基本成分时，要用where。该类词有：pint, case, activity, system, situatin, psitin, stage, ccasin, jb, race, letter, platfrm, email, envirnment, atmsphere 等。
I jined a lt f activities where I learnt a lt.
He gave up his first jb where he suffered a lt.
练一练
1. I still remember the day I first came t Beijing.
2. I still remember the days we spent tgether.
3. Can yu tell me the ffice he wrks?
4. They have reached the pint they have t separate.
5. D yu knw the reasn he is absent?
6. He's ill badly. This is he is absent.
7. He is late fr schl again. This is his alarm clck didn‘t g ff.
as引导限制性定语从句主要结构有：the same…as; as…as; such…as; s…as。
I have the same pen as yu have.
I live as busy a life as yu d.
I live such a busy life as yu d.
as引导非限制性定语从句，指代整个主句内容，从句可置于句首，句中或句尾。译为“正如”。
as is knwn t all众所周知as is ften the case这是常有的事
as might / culd be expected正如人们所预料的as has been said befre正如前面所说的
as has been mentined abve正如上面所提到的as has been pinted ut正如所指出的
as can be imagined正如所设想的那样
as can be seen (frm these figures)正如所看到的那样
as ften happens正像经常发生的那样as will be shwn正如…所示
As everyne knws, China is a beautiful cuntry with a lng histry.
练一练
1. We have fund such materials used in their factry.
2. This bk is nt such I expected.
3. I have the same bk he has.
4. It lks like the same bk he gave me.
5. I hpe yu will live as full and psitive a life I d.
6. yu see, the Chinese peple are hardwrking.
7. Jack has n first price, is ften the case.
as和which引导非限制性定语从句的区别
定语从句语法填空专项练习附参考答案
I.请用定语从句的关系代词wh、whm 、whse 、which 、that、 as 和关系副词when、where、why填空。
This is the persn ___________ we were talking t yesterday.
This is the persn t ___________ we were talking yesterday.
There are lts f peple in the rm, tw thirds f ____________ are students.
He passed the math exam, ___________ came as a surprise t us.
Wh is the guy _________ is standing ver there?
He apprached the ld lady, __________ remained silent fr quite a lng time.
The peple _________ were trapped under the ruins were finally helped ut by the rescue wrkers.
As the earth began t shake, a few peple _________ were awake dived under a table r ther heavy piece f furniture.
The bk ________ I read just nw was written by O. Henry.
The earthquake _________ happened at 2:28 P.M. flattened Wenchuan in a few secnds.
He wn the first prize in the cntest, __________ made her parents very happy.
Fr thse __________ came t the earthquake—stricken areas, rescue wrk was a big challenge.
The little girl and the big red dg _________ yu saw in the painting were very cute.
He was the nly persn __________ was invited t the party.
This is ne f the best films __________ I have seen in the past few mnths.
The engineer with _________ my father used t wrk passed away yesterday.
I had n interest in all __________ he said last night.
There is nthing in the wrld _________yu cannt face r vercme.
The e-mail is frm my brther, _________ is wrking in Shenzhen.
They talked a lt abut the peple and the things ________ they remembered in the distant village.
I still remember the days _________ we spent tgether n the cast.
I still remember the days _________ we had t walk a lng way t fetch sme drinking water.
This is the factry ________ we visited last year.
This is the factry_________ he used t wrk fr ten years.
The ld schl ________ he studied fr three years was demlished last mnth.
The ld schl ________ we paid a visit t last year was demlished last mnth.
The ld schl, ________we visited last year, was demlished last mnth.
Please lend me the bk _________ yu referred t the ther day.
Please lend me the bk the title f ________ is the Old Man and the Sea.
Please lend me the bk __________ title is the Old Man and the Sea.
They arrived at the China Mbile Twer, in frnt f _________ is a wind mill.
This is the reasn _________ he was absent frm schl yesterday.
This is the reasn _________ he explained at the meeting.
The reasn ________ she came late was that she was stuck in the traffic.
The reasn ________ she gave yu yesterday is acceptable.
The third seasn f a year is autumn, ___________ is my belved seasn.
The third seasn f a year is autumn, ___________ the leaves begin t fall.
Anyway, that evening, __________ I will tell yu mre abut later, I ended up staying at the htel.
Summer hlidays, __________ they plan t spend in Yunnan, are arund the crner.
Gne are the days __________ they had t wrk day and night t earn their living.
_________ we all knw, Taiwan is an inseparable part f China.
_________ is ften the case, he scred the first place in the high jump.
She is nt such a girl ________ she used t be.
I studied in the same schl _________ she did in the cuntryside.
The earth is mving arund the Sun, ________ we all knw.
I want t have such a smart phne _______ he has.
This is the same pen _________ I bught yesterday, but it is Mary’s.
This is the same pen _________ I bught yesterday and it is mine.
I caught sight f the huse _______ rf was blwn away by the typhn last night.
He is an rphan, _________ parents bth died in the terrible earthquake.
参考答案：
1. wh/whm/that2. whm3. whm4. which5. that
6. wh7. wh/that8. wh/that9. that/which10. that/which
11. which12. wh13. that14. that/wh15. that
16. whm17. that18. that19. wh20. that
21. which/that22. when23. which/that24. where25. where
26. which/that27. which28. that/which29. which30. whse
31. which32. why33. that/which34. why35. which/that
36. which 37. when 38. which 39. which 40. when
41. As 42. As 43. as 44. as 45. as
46. as 47. as 48. that 49. whse 50. whse位置不同
as 引导的非限制性定语从句位置比较灵活，可以位于主句前面，中间或后面，一般用逗号与主句隔开，而 which 所引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后。
意义不同
意义不同 （as “正如，就像” 表示符合人们的认识和事物的习惯性等意义，即从句与主句语义一致。当从句与主句语义不一致时或从句与主句之间是因果关系时用which）。
结构不同
结构不同 ( as 常用于一些固定结构中，类似插入语，而which 常用于which +谓语+宾语/宾补结构。