2023-2024学年安徽省黄山市高二(上)期末英语试卷(含详细答案解析)
展开
这是一份2023-2024学年安徽省黄山市高二(上)期末英语试卷(含详细答案解析),共21页。试卷主要包含了阅读理解,阅读七选五,完形填空,语法填空,书面表达等内容,欢迎下载使用。
一、阅读理解:本大题共15小题,共37.5分。
A
Fur Best Natural Parks in America
Everglades Natinal Park,Flrida
Everglades Natinal Park is the largest subtrpical(亚热带)wilderness reserve in America.This amazing destinatin is a 1.5-millin-acre cean f grass which flws gradually frm central Flrida all the way suth t the sea.This makes it an imprtant habitat fr numerus rare and endangered species like manatee,American crcdile,and Flrida jaguar.
Grand Canyn Natinal Park,Arizna
Grand Canyn Natinal Park is hme t ne f the largest canyns in the wrld.If yu visit between mid-May and mid-Octber,yu can see the Canyn frm the Nrth Rim.Abut 90% f all visitrs see it frm the "Suth Rim",because it is pen all year and has easy-t-get-t verlks.
Mammth Cave Natinal Park,Kentucky
The caves huse 200 animals,mst f them being invertebrate(无脊椎)species.42 f these species live in ttal darkness.These caves are incredible enugh t be featured in Planet Earth——a must-see BBC dcumentary series.
Olympic Natinal Park,Washingtn
Olympic Natinal Park has a little bit f everything rugged Pacific castline,high muntain peaks,brad sandy beaches,clear lakes,rain frests.With such a wide variety f ecsystems,Olympic is ne f the mst diverse wilderness areas in the United States.The park is an imprtant habitat fr species like wild salmn(鲑鱼),nrthern sptted wls.
Olympic Natinal Park is very large and there are n rads that crss the park.If yu visit in April r May,yu may see gray whales pass by n their way t Alaska.
1.What animals live in the Everglades Natinal Park? ______
A. Nrthern sptted wls.B. Invertebrate animals.
C. Gray whales.D. American crcdiles.
2.Which f the fllwing is featured in Planet Earth? ______
A. Grand Canyn Natinal Park.B. Mammth Cave Natinal Park.
C. Everglades Natinal Park.D. Olympic Natinal Park.
3.What can we knw abut Olympic Natinal Park? ______
A. It is pen all year.
B. It has a rich bidiversity.
C. It is lcated in the state f Kentucky.
D. It has easy rads fr visitrs t drive acrss the park.
B
As I lk up at the hundreds f firewrks in the sky,I hear the bells ringing in a small temple welcming the cming f the Chinese New Year.Thugh I may nt believe in r understand many f the New Year traditins here,the similarities between the cming f this New Year and the beginning f my new life in China are nt lst n a big by like me.
My first few days in China were a cultural shck t say the least.Having arrived late in the semester,I immediately had t begin my beginners' Chinese classes,alng with the newest class f verseas students.Being surrunded by a language that isn't yur wn is unbelievably annying.Due t the picture-based fashin f Chinese writing,it's nt like yu can have a guess,r wrk it ut thrugh whatever knwledge yu have frm ther Latin-riginated languages.If yu dn't knw what it says,then that's it.Hwever,with time passing,I have fund myself prgressing,thugh painfully slwly.The first time I called a taxi by myself,the driver actually understd where I wanted t g,which is hugely rewarding.Still it is never lng befre my lack f language skill is expsed(暴露的)and I cme crashing back t earth,usually immediately upn leaving the taxi.
Gaining a language is a huge valuable skill.Hwever,it is nt the nly thing I will gain in China.After this year f learning Chinese,I aim t gain my master's degree here at University f Jinan.Opprtunities d cme arund rather ften:frm being ffered jbs teaching English,t being asked t appear n game-shws fr Shandng TV.S,fr nw,I am just lking frward t expanding my cultural hrizns(眼界)and enjying my time here.I take sme time t get used t everything,but that's part f the adventure and,mst f all,emplyment.S,much like the Chinese New Year that I am lucky enugh t be part f,I am just lking frward t a fresh start and a new jurney in China.
4.What can we knw abut the authr frm the first tw paragraphs? ______
A. He has n interest in Chinese traditins.
B. He knws nthing abut the Latin language.
C. His late arrival made him miss beginners' Chinese classes.
D. The unique way f Chinese writing made him hard t understand Chinese.
5.What des the authr want t shw thrugh his taxi experience? ______
A. He is pr at using public transprt.
B. He finds it easy t call a taxi in China.
C. He feels pleased t have made prgress in Chinese.
D. He is gd at chatting with the taxi driver.
6.What is the authr's present expectatin? ______
A. T settle dwn in China.
B. T becme a famus hst n TV.
C. T braden his cultural hrizns.
D. T be an excellent teaching assistant.
7.Which can be the best title fr the text? ______
A. Explring Chinese:valuable skills mastered
B. Learning Chinese;adventurus but enjyable
C. Cming t China:mre pprtunities prmised
D. Studying in China:challenging but rewarding
C
Accrding t a recent study,cnsuming three largely cmparable meals each day t meet ur energy demands may be the mst effective methd t prevent cgnitive (认知的) deteriratin.The study finds a link between skipping breakfast and a gradual failure in cgnitive health.The study als reveals that eating mre calries at ne meal than anther is nt linked t a quick failure in cgnitive functin,but it des nt imprve cgnitin as much as eating balanced three meals daily.
With previus study fcusing n hw the quality f the fd we cnsume can affect ur health,there hasn't been much research n hw ur daily energy intake is distributed and hw it can affect ur cgnitive health ver the lng term,as well as if it might affect ur risk f dementia (痴呆).
A recent study,in which the data frm the 1997-2006 China Health and Nutritin Survey were analyzed,examines the pssible impact f varius meal schedules n cgnitive decline in rder t better understand this.
The pll (民意调查)cllected submissins frm 3,342 persns in China during a ten-year perid,and their respnses were included in the statistics.The average age was 62.2,and peple were at least 55 years ld.The study did nt include thse wh had severe cgnitive deteriratin.
Each participant underwent a dietary evaluatin as well as a phne-based cgnitive exam at the beginning f the study perid.This test evaluated each persn's ability t recall wrds quickly and slwly,cunt backward,and subtract (减) 7 quickly frm given numbers.
The findings demnstrate that,in cmparisn t either less balanced ways f absrbing ne's ttal calric intake r less equally distributed ways f ingesting ne' s ttal energy intake,eating three balanced meals each day is related with superir cgnitive functin.
8.What des the underlined wrd "deteriratin" mean in paragraph 1? ______
A. Increase.B. Decline.C. Exchange.D. Spread.
9.What is the main difference between the recent study and the previus ne? ______
A. The cntents.B. The methd.
C. The participants.D. The prcess.
10.Hw did the researchers d the recent study? ______
A. By ding experiments.
B. By analyzing previus data.
C. By interviewing senir peple.
D. By examining peple with cgnitive disease.
11.Which f the fllwing may cntribute t best cgnitin? ______
A. Skipping breakfast every day.
B. Three balanced meals per day.
C. Hunger-determined fd time and amunt.
D. A big lunch with a small breakfast and dinner.
D
In a lab in Lndn,newbrn chicks tk the first steps f their life and might becme part f slving ne f the brain's big puzzles.Elisabetta Versace,the lead authr f the new study and head f the Prepared Minds Lab at Queen Mary,and her c-wrkers published their findings n Tuesday in Bilgy Letters.
In a simple test,researchers placed the dwn y animals,hatched after less than a day in cmplete darkness,ne at a time int a special bx.Tw screens n the ppsite sides f the bx played vides f mving range balls,ne mving upward and the ther dwnward.Over the curse f 20 minutes,mst f the chicks hesitantly walked ver t the end f the bx with the upward-mving ball.
Bilgists call the mechanisms(生物机制)that assist animals in their earliest mments "evlutinary predispsitins(进化倾向)" r "prirs"."Studying hw predispsitin s wrk in humans is difficult," says Elisa Raffalla Ferre,c-authr f the new study,as babies take time t develp cmplex skills.By the time human babies can easily mve,they have already spent significant time learning.Chicks,hwever,can perfrm relatively cmplex actins very sn after hatching,which makes them ideal candidates fr explring hw predispsitins functin.
Why this preference fr bjects that mve against gravity exists at all remains unclear."Ging against gravity in a cnsistent way is assciated with animate bjects in the eclgical wrld," Versace says, "because usually yu see that water flws dwn r a rck falls dwn." Lifeless bjects,n the ther hand,are unlikely t mve cnsistently against gravity.
The newly released article is cnsistent with previus research,accrding t Orsla Rsa Salva,a cmparative psychlgist at the University f Trent.What Salva wants t see next in this field are experiments that begin t identify what areas f the brain are active when predispsitins are launched,s scientists can better understand hw the mechanisms wrk.Versace hpes that future research can ffer insights int the way the brain is rganized t make sense f the wrld.
12.What did the test find ut abut newbrn chicks? ______
A. They liked bright clrs.
B. They had a pr sense f directin.
C. They preferred rising bjects.
D. They picked up first steps with difficulty.
13.Why are newbrn chicks better subjects fr the test than human babies? ______
A. Their mechanisms are mre cmplex.
B. They were already studied mre in the past.
C. Their evlutinary predispsitins wrk mre effectively.
D. They can exhibit cmplex behavirs sn after birth.
14.What des Versace say abut ging against gravity? ______
A. It is cmmn amng species in nature.
B. It is a natural behavir f living animals.
C. It cntributes t the survival f animals.
D. It helps newbrn animals t learn quickly.
15.What des Salva expect f future experiments? ______
A. They'll be carried ut in the wild.
B. They'll ffer detailed wrkings f the brain.
C. They'll cmpare the brains f different species.
D. They'll apply t scientific research in related fields.
二、阅读七选五:本大题共5小题,共12.5分。
Cultural traditins shape wh yu are.Lear n mre abut yur traditins and hw yu can preserve them by means f the fllwings.
Share yur culture art.
Each culture is carried by different frms f art.Museums ften huse items like clthing,music instruments,and visual artwrks.Hwever,beynd these exhibits,there exist tls crafted by ancestrs,which present the traditins thrugh generatins' wisdm.(1) ______
Attend r rganize majr events.
Yur cuntry,religius rganizatins,r immigrant ethnic grups almst certainly celebrate majr hlidays r cultural festivals. (2) ______ If there aren't any f thse in yur area,yu can arrange yur wn events.
Ck family recipes.
Find sme recipes frm yur grandmther's ckbk. (3) ______ As yu knead dugh(揉面)r fllw the right amunt f spices,yu might remember meals frm yur childhd r hlidays.Cking yur family recipes can help yu inherit the family traditin and make it pssibly passed dwn.
Prmte yur dialects(方言).
Language shapes culture t sme degree.Therefre,prmting a dialect cntributes t the prtectin f a certain culture.(4) ______ S if yu knw ne f them,help t spread it.With mre and mre peple speaking,these dialects culd be successfully preserved befre they g extinct.
Spend time with ther members f the cmmunity.
The best way t preserve yur culture is t keep it alive.(5) ______ Many aspects f culture are difficult t learn in bks and museums,including bdy language,and humr.But yu can get t the cre(核心)f the cultural experience thrugh daily cmmunicatin.
A.Participate t get a brader view f yur culture.
B.Culture helps peple adapt t the wrld arund them.
C.Smell and taste have pwerful cnnectins t memry.
D.Recrd yur family tree with the help f family members.
E.Unfrtunately,thusands f dialects are at risk f extinctin.
F.Gather as a grup nt just fr hlidays,but fr rdinary meals r just cnversatin.
G.The skills invlved in shaping a stne tl represent ne f the earliest cultural practices.
16.A. AB. BC. CD. DE. EF. FG. G
17.A. AB. BC. CD. DE. EF. FG. G
18.A. AB. BC. CD. DE. EF. FG. G
19.A. AB. BC. CD. DE. EF. FG. G
20.A. AB. BC. CD. DE. EF. FG. G
三、完形填空:本大题共15小题,共15分。
In the summer f 2015,Brian Petersn and his wife,Vanessa,had just mved t Santa Ana,Califrnia.One day,Petersn was reading the bk Lve Des,when his quiet was (1) ______ by a hmeless man.Encuraged by the bk's sympathetic message,Petersn made an cnversatin with him,and (2) ______ that the man called Merda had mved here t (3) ______ a career in music,but he ended up living n the street fr years.
"It was the (4) ______ thing t me",Petersn recalled later n the pdcast Tp Artist."I saw the (5) ______ n the face f a man wh hadn't (6) ______ r shwered in prbably a year.But his stry,the life inside f him,( 7) ______ me." And even thugh Petersn,a graduate f the Cleveland Institute f Art,hadn't (8) ______ a paintbrush in abut 8 years,he (9) ______ himself asking if he culd paint Merda's prtrait.
Petersn painted Merda's prtraits,( 10) ______ his traits and life experiences.(11) ______ ,the painting was sld fr a few thusand dllars,and the mney was put int a "lve accunt" by Petersn fr his mdel.Merda used the funds frm his prtrait t (12) ______ an album,fulfilling his musical dreams.
Petersn's (13) ______ with Merda led him t frm Faces f Santa Ana,a nnprfit rganizatin fcused n befriending and painting prtraits f members f the cmmunity wh are (14) ______ .Up till nw,with 41 prtraits painted and sld,Pertersn has helped many peple get back n their feet,and established the friendship with smene peple might have (15) ______ .
21.A. verthrwnB. disturbedC. attractedD. tricked
22.A. learntB. thughtC. prvedD. achieved
23.A. exchangeB. receiveC. pursueD. grab
24.A. strangestB. bestC. saddestD. brightest
25.A. uglinessB. guiltyC. prideD. beauty
26.A. spkenB. smiledC. shavedD. slept
27.A. defeatedB. discuragedC. shckedD. inspired
28.A. picked utB. picked upC. held upD. held ut
29.A. fundB. sawC. stppedD. required
30.A. rather thanB. accrding tC. apart frmD. alng with
31.A. HurriedlyB. PracticallyC. HpelesslyD. Frtunately
32.A. rderB. recrdC. playD. write
33.A. struggleB. argumentC. cnnectinD. appintment
34.A. unhusedB. uncveredC. uneducatedD. unsettled
35.A. valuedB. verlkedC. recgnizedD. respected
四、语法填空:本大题共1小题,共15分。
36.Lust fr Life(《渴望生活:梵高传》)is a bigraphical(传记的)nvel abut the life f the famus Dutch painter Vincent van Ggh. (1) ______ (write)by US authr Irving Stne,this wrk f histrical fictin prvides a vivid descriptin f the artist.
The nvel traces Van Ggh's life frm his early years in the UK t his final days in France.Stne weaves tgether histrical facts.and (2) ______ (imagine)strytelling t create the artist's jurney.The title,Lust fr Life,( 3) ______ (perfect)shws Van Ggh's enthusiasm bth in his art and his life.
( 4) ______ impresses peple mst in this bk is that,(5) ______ (add)clr t his paintings,Van Ggh wuld set aside the sketches(素描)t which he had devted all his effrts and start ver.(6) ______ ,amng the Impressinist f the 19th century,this hardwrking painter was still regarded as an abnrmal persn.
Anther strength f Lust fr Life lies (7) ______ its ability t immerse the readers in the wrld f 19th century Eurpe.Its vivid descriptins f the landscapes and cities cntribute t a sensry experience that (8) ______ (help)the readers better understand the envirnment where Van Ggh lived.Stne mixes the scial and cultural cntexts f the era effectively int the bk(9) ______ (ffer)readers a brader perspective n the challenges faced by artists during that perid.
In cnclusin,this bk is a well-deserved (10) ______ (celebrate)f the artist and his spirit f creatin.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
五、书面表达:本大题共2小题,共40分。
37.假定你是李华,你们学校开设了中国传统文化实践课。请给你的英国好友Peter写一封邮件,分享你上课的感受,内容包括:
(1)课程内容;
(2)个人感受。
注意:
(1)词数80个左右;
(2)增加细节以使行文连贯。
Dear Peter,
____
Yurs,
Li Hua
38.Tm was a skilled teenage surfer.He had always been attracted by the cean and the challenge f riding its waves.He had trained tirelessly fr years,sharpening his skills and perfecting his technique.He had participated in many cmpetitins and wn several titles.But ne day,his wrld was turned upside dwn.
It was a rutine training day.While Tm was cncentrating n his training in the sea,a shark came in thrugh the brken shark-prf net and apprached him.The animal kncked ver Tm's surfbard and bit his right leg,tearing thrugh his flesh(肉体)and causing massive damage.Despite the seriusness f his injuries,Tm was lucky t survive the attack.He was rushed t the hspital,where he received an emergency peratin.With the effrts f dctrs,his leg was saved.
Tm's recvery was lng and painful,but he refused t give up n his dream f surfing.At first,his prgress was slw.He had t learn t walk again,and then t run,and then t jump.Every mvement was a struggle.But with the help f his family and friends,as well as his wn fierce(坚的)determinatin,Tm gradually began t make prgress.He spent hurs every day in the gym,ding strength and balance exercises t rebuild his bdy.
Finally,after mnths f hard wrk,Tm was ready t get back int the water.His first training was incredibly difficult,as he struggled t vercme his fear f the cean and the memry f the shark attack.But gradually,he began t regain his cnfidence and his lve fr surfing.As his strength and skills returned,Tm set his sights n cmpeting nce again.He trained tirelessly,wrking with a cach t perfect his technique and imprve his perfrmance.And finally,the day f the cmpetitin arrived.
注意:
(1)所续写的短文词数应为150个左右;
(2)请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Standing in frnt f the starting line again,Tm felt nervus._____
Tm fell int the sea._____
答案和解析
1~3.【答案】D、B、B
【解析】(1)细节理解题。根据Everglades Natinal Park,Flrida部分This makes it an imprtant habitat fr numerus rare and endangered species like manatee,American crcdile,and Flrida jaguar.(这使它成为许多稀有和濒危物种的重要栖息地,如海牛、美洲鳄鱼和佛罗里达美洲虎。)可知,美洲鳄鱼生活在恶魔湾国家公园。故选D。
(2)细节理解题。根据Mammth Cave Natinal Park,Kentucky部分These caves are incredible enugh t be featured in Planet Earth——a must-see BBC dcumentary series.(这些洞穴令人难以置信,足以成为BBC必看纪录片《地球脉动》的特色。)可知,巨洞国家公园被BBC的纪录片《地球脉动》所专题报道。故选B。
(3)细节理解题。根据Olympic Natinal Park,Washingtn部分With such a wide variety f ecsystems,Olympic is ne f the mst diverse wilderness areas in the United States. (拥有如此多样的生态系统,奥林匹克是美国最多样化的荒野地区之一。)可知,Olympic Natinal Park拥有多种生态系统,是美国最多样化的荒野地区之一,具有丰富的生物多样性。故选B。
本文介绍了美国四个最佳自然公园:佛罗里达的恶魔湾国家公园、亚利桑那的大峡谷国家公园、肯塔基的巨洞国家公园和华盛顿的奥林匹克国家公园。这些公园分别以其独特的自然景观和生物多样性而闻名,吸引着大量游客前来观光和探险。其中,恶魔湾国家公园是美国最大的亚热带荒野保护区,而大峡谷国家公园则是世界上最大的峡谷之一。巨洞国家公园的洞穴内栖息着200种动物,其中42种生活在完全黑暗的环境中。奥林匹克国家公园则拥有多种生态系统,是美国最多样化的荒野地区之一。
做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍,做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析,结合选项选出正确答案。
4~7.【答案】D、C、C、D
【解析】(1)细节理解题。根据第二段的Due t the picture-based fashin f Chinese writing,it's nt like yu can have a guess,r wrk it ut thrugh whatever knwledge yu have frm ther Latin-riginated languages(由于中文以图片为基础的书写方式,你不可能猜到,也不可能通过你对其他起源于拉丁语的语言的一点点了解就能得出答案),可知中文独特的书写方式使他很难理解中文,故选D。
(2)推理判断题。根据第二段的The first time I called a taxi by myself,the driver actually understd where I wanted t g,which is hugely rewarding(当我第一次自己叫出租车时,司机实际上明白了我想去哪里,这是非常值得的),可知作者想通过他的打车经历来展示他为在中文方面取得进步而感到高兴,故选C。
(3)细节理解题。根据最后一段的S,fr nw,I am just lking frward t expanding my cultural hrizns(眼界)and enjying my time here(所以,现在,我只是期待着扩大我的文化视野,享受我在这里的时光),可知作者目前的期望是拓宽他的文化视野,故选C。
(4)标题判断题。通读全文,特别是根据第二段的My first few days in China were a cultural shck t say the least.Having arrived late in the semester,I immediately had t begin my beginners' Chinese classes,alng with the newest class f verseas students.Being surrunded by a language that isn't yur wn is unbelievably annying(至少可以说,我在中国的头几天是一次文化冲击。由于学期晚到,我不得不和最新一班的留学生一起开始我的汉语初学者课程。被一种不是你自己的语言包围是令人难以置信的讨厌)和最后一段的Gaining a language is a huge valuable skill.Hwever,it is nt the nly thing I will gain in China(掌握一门语言是一项非常有价值的技能。然而,这并不是我在中国获得的唯一收获),可知本文主要讲述自己在中国学习汉语和适应中国文化的经历。所以D.Studying in China:challenging but rewarding(在中国学习:具有挑战性但有回报)可以反映文章的主题,适合作为标题,故选D。
这是一篇记叙文,主要写了作者在中国学习汉语和适应中国文化的经历。
一、速读全文,了解大意知主题。
阅读能力一般指阅读速度和理解能力两个方面。阅读速度是阅读最基本的能力,考生必须在十分有限的时间内运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速阅读,搜寻关键词、主题句,捕捉时空、顺序、情节、人物、观点,并且理清文章脉络,把握语篇实质。
二、看题干,带着问题读文章。
首先要掌握问题的类型,客观信息题可以从文章中直接找到答案;而主观判断题考查的是对文章的感情基调等,这类题必须经过对作者的态度、意图以及对整篇文章进行深一层的推理等。其次,了解试题题干以及各个选项所包含的信息,然后有针对性地对文章进行扫读,对有关信息进行快速定位。此法加强了阅读的针对性,提高了做题的准确率。
三、逻辑推理,做好深层理解题。
在实际阅读中,有时作者并未把意图说出来,阅读者要根据字面意思,通过语篇逻辑关系,研究细节的暗示,推敲作者的态度,理解文章的寓义。要求读者对文字的表面信息进行分析、挖掘和逻辑推理,不能就事论事,以偏概全。推理题在提问中常用的词有:infer,imply,suggest,indicate等。
四、猜词悟义,扫除阅读拦路虎。
猜词是应用英语的重要能力。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文,而且要有较大的泛读量,掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。我们要学会"顺藤摸瓜",通过构词,语法,定义,同位,对比,因果,常识,上下文等线索确定词义。
8~11.【答案】B、A、B、B
【解析】(1)词句猜测题。根据后文The study finds a link between skipping breakfast and a gradual failure in cgnitive health.(这项研究发现了不吃早餐和认知健康逐渐衰退之间的联系)判断,划线词所在句子Accrding t a recent study,cnsuming three largely cmparable meals each day t meet ur energy demands may be the mst effective methd t prevent cgnitive (认知的) deteriratin.(根据最近的一项研究,每天吃三顿大体相当的饭来满足我们的能量需求可能是防止认知能力退化的最有效方法)可推知,划线词deteriratin意为"退化"。A.Increase.增加;B.Decline.下降,衰退;C.Exchange.交换;D.Spread.传播。划线词与decline意思接近,故选B。
(2)细节理解题。根据第二段中With previus study fcusing n hw the quality f the fd we cnsume can affect ur health,there hasn't been much research n hw ur daily energy intake is distributed and hw it can affect ur cgnitive health ver the lng term,as well as if it might affect ur risk f dementia (痴呆). (以前的研究集中在我们摄入的食物质量如何影响我们的健康,但对于我们每天摄入的能量是如何分布的,它如何长期影响我们的认知健康,以及它是否会影响我们患痴呆症的风险,却没有太多的研究)可知,最近的研究和以前的研究区别主要在于研究的内容不同,故选A。
(3)细节理解题。根据第三段A recent study,in which the data frm the 1997-2006 China Health and Nutritin Survey were analyzed,examines the pssible impact f varius meal schedules n cgnitive decline in rder t better understand this.(通过分析从中国健康与营养调查获得的1997年至2006年的数据,为了更好地理解这种关系,最近的一项调查审视了各种饮食习惯对于认知衰退的可能的影响)可知,这项调查主要是通过分析以前的数据进行的,故选B。
(4)细节理解题。根据最后一段The findings demnstrate that,in cmparisn t either less balanced ways f absrbing ne's ttal calric intake r less equally distributed ways f ingesting ne' s ttal energy intake,eating three balanced meals each day is related with superir cgnitive functin.(研究结果表明,与吸收总热量摄入的不均衡方式或摄入总能量摄入的不均衡方式相比,每天吃三顿均衡的膳食与较高的认知功能有关)可知,最好的认知功能是由三餐均衡饮食促成的,故选B。
本文是一篇说明文。介绍了一项研究表明优秀的认知功能与三餐均衡饮食有关。最近的一项研究发现,每天摄入三顿大致相同的饭菜以满足能量需求可能是预防认知衰退最有效的方法。研究发现,不吃早餐与认知健康逐渐衰退有关。研究还揭示,一顿饭摄入的热量比另一顿多并不会导致认知功能迅速衰退,但与每天均衡饮食相比,也不能像均衡饮食那样改善认知能力。这项最新研究分析了1997年至2006年中国健康与营养调查的数据,以研究不同的饮食时间表对认知衰退的可能影响,以更好地了解这一问题。研究收集了中国3,342人在十年期间的调查结果,并将其纳入统计数据。研究对象的平均年龄为62.2岁,年龄最小为55岁。研究不包括认知衰退严重的人。每位参与者在研究期间接受了饮食评估和电话认知测试。该测试评估了每个人快速和缓慢回忆单词、倒数和从给定数字中快速减去7的能力。研究结果表明,与不均衡摄入总热量或不均匀分配总能量摄入的方式相比,每天摄入三餐均衡饮食与更好的认知功能相关。
做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍,做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析,结合选项选出正确答案。推理判断题也是要在抓住关键句子的基础上合理的分析才能得出正确答案,切忌胡乱猜测,一定要做到有理有据。
12~15.【答案】C、D、A、B
【解析】(1)细节理解题。根据第二段In a simple test,researchers placed the dwn y animals,hatched after less than a day in cmplete darkness,ne at a time int a special bx.Tw screens n the ppsite sides f the bx played vides f mving range balls,ne mving upward and the ther dwnward.Over the curse f 20 minutes,mst f the chicks hesitantly walked ver t the end f the bx with the upward-mving ball.(在一个简单的测试中,研究人员将这些在完全黑暗中孵化不到一天的毛茸茸的动物,一次一只地放入一个特殊的盒子里。盒子两侧的两个屏幕分别播放橙色小球移动的视频,一个向上移动,另一个向下移动。在20分钟的时间里,大多数小鸡都犹豫不决地走到有向上移动的球的盒子一端)可知,关于新生的小鸡,测试发现它们更喜欢上升的物体。故选C。
(2)推理判断题。根据第三段Chicks,hwever,can perfrm relatively cmplex actins very sn after hatching,which makes them ideal candidates fr explring hw predispsitins functin.(然而,小鸡在孵化后很快就能做出相对复杂的动作,这使它们成为探索倾向如何发挥作用的理想候选者)可知,新生的小鸡比人类婴儿更适合测试因为它们出生后不久就能表现出复杂的行为。故选D。
(3)细节理解题。根据倒数第二段"Ging against gravity in a cnsistent way is assciated with animate bjects in the eclgical wrld," Versace says, "because usually yu see that water flws dwn r a rck falls dwn." ("在生态世界中,以一致的方式对抗重力与有生命的物体有关,"范思哲说,"因为通常你会看到水往下流,或者石头往下掉。")可知,范思哲认为反重力在自然界的物种中很常见。故选A。
(4)细节理解题。根据最后一段What Salva wants t see next in this field are experiments that begin t identify what areas f the brain are active when predispsitins are launched,s scientists can better understand hw the mechanisms wrk.(萨尔瓦希望在这一领域看到的下一个实验是,开始确定当倾向被启动时,大脑的哪些区域是活跃的,这样科学家就可以更好地理解机制是如何工作的)可知,萨尔瓦期望未来的实验会提供大脑的详细工作原理。故选B。
这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了在伦敦的一个实验室里,新生的小鸡迈出了生命的第一步,它们可能会成为解决大脑一大难题的一部分。文章介绍了研究开展的经过以及这一实验的意义。
一、速读全文,了解大意知主题。
阅读能力一般指阅读速度和理解能力两个方面。阅读速度是阅读最基本的能力,考生必须在十分有限的时间内运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速阅读,搜寻关键词、主题句,捕捉时空、顺序、情节、人物、观点,并且理清文章脉络,把握语篇实质。
二、看题干,带着问题读文章。
首先要掌握问题的类型,客观信息题可以从文章中直接找到答案;而主观判断题考查的是对文章的感情基调等,这类题必须经过对作者的态度、意图以及对整篇文章进行深一层的推理等。其次,了解试题题干以及各个选项所包含的信息,然后有针对性地对文章进行扫读,对有关信息进行快速定位。此法加强了阅读的针对性,提高了做题的准确率。
三、逻辑推理,做好深层理解题。
在实际阅读中,有时作者并未把意图说出来,阅读者要根据字面意思,通过语篇逻辑关系,研究细节的暗示,推敲作者的态度,理解文章的寓义。要求读者对文字的表面信息进行分析、挖掘和逻辑推理,不能就事论事,以偏概全。推理题在提问中常用的词有:infer,imply,suggest,indicate等。
四、猜词悟义,扫除阅读拦路虎。
猜词是应用英语的重要能力。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文,而且要有较大的泛读量,掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。我们要学会"顺藤摸瓜",通过构词,语法,定义,同位,对比,因果,常识,上下文等线索确定词义。
16~20.【答案】G、A、C、E、F
【解析】(1)联系上文题。根据上文Hwever,beynd these exhibits,there exist tls crafted by ancestrs,which present the traditins thrugh generatins' wisdm.(然而,在这些展品之外,还有祖先制作的工具,这些工具通过几代人的智慧展示了传统。)可知,本句承接上文,说明祖先制作工作的智慧的具体体现。G选项The skills invlved in shaping a stne tl represent ne f the earliest cultural practices.(塑造石器的技巧代表了最早的文化实践之一。)符合语境,故选G。
(2)联系上文题。根据上文Yur cuntry,religius rganizatins,r immigrant ethnic grups almst certainly celebrate majr hlidays r cultural festivals.(你的国家、宗教组织或移民族群几乎肯定会庆祝重大节日或文化节。)可知,上文提到了庆祝重大节日或文化节,故本句承接上文,建议参加这些节日来了解文化。A选项Participate t get a brader view f yur culture.(参与进来,对你的文化有更广泛的了解。)符合语境,故选A。
(3)语境衔接题。根据上文Find sme recipes frm yur grandmther's ckbk.(从你祖母的食谱中找一些食谱。)以及后文As yu knead dugh(揉面)r fllw the right amunt f spices,yu might remember meals frm yur childhd r hlidays.Cking yur family recipes can help yu inherit the family traditin and make it pssibly passed dwn.(当你揉面团或按照正确的香料量,你可能会想起童年或假期的饭菜。烹饪你的家庭食谱可以帮助你继承家庭传统,并使它有可能传承下去。)可知,上文提到了找食谱,可推测本句主要说明从嗅觉和味觉中了解家庭传统,C选项Smell and taste have pwerful cnnectins t memry.(嗅觉和味觉与记忆有很强的联系。)符合语境,故选C。
(4)联系下文题。根据后文S if yu knw ne f them,help t spread it.With mre and mre peple speaking,these dialects culd be successfully preserved befre they g extinct.(所以如果你知道其中一个,帮助传播它。随着越来越多的人说方言,这些方言可以在灭绝之前被成功地保存下来。)可知,后文提到了要帮助传播方言,说明方言正面临灭绝的危险。E选项Unfrtunately,thusands f dialects are at risk f extinctin.(不幸的是,成千上万的方言正面临灭绝的危险。)符合语境,故选E。
(5)语境衔接题。根据上文The best way t preserve yur culture is t keep it alive.(保护你的文化的最好方法就是让它活下去。)以及后文Many aspects f culture are difficult t learn in bks and museums,including bdy language,and humr.But yu can get t the cre(核心)f the cultural experience thrugh daily cmmunicatin.(文化的许多方面是很难在书本和博物馆里学到的,包括肢体语言和幽默。但是,通过日常交流,你可以找到文化体验的核心。)可知,本段的建议是通过与人接触来保护文化,且提到了日常交流,即和人聊天。F选项Gather as a grup nt just fr hlidays,but fr rdinary meals r just cnversatin.(一群人聚在一起不只是为了度假,还可以一起吃饭或聊天。)符合语境,故选F。
这是一篇说明文。本文主要说明了保护传统文化的方法。
七选五阅读是完成性阅读,和完形填空很类似,不同的是一个选词,一个选句子。解题时,要注意上下文语境,充分考虑信息词(选项中和空格前后句子中相同或相近的词),选出最符合语境的句子。
21~35.【答案】B、A、C、A、D、C、D、A、A、B、D、B、C、A、B
【解析】(1)考查动词及语境理解。A.verthrwn推翻;B.disturbed打扰;C.attracted吸引;D.tricked欺骗。句意:一天,彼得森正在读Lve Des这本书,这时他的安静被一个流浪汉打扰了。根据前文"when his quiet"及后文"by a hmeless man"可知,此处指一个流浪汉打扰了他的安静。故选B。
(2)考查动词及语境理解。A.learnt了解;B.thught认为;C.prved证明;D.achieved实现。句意:在书中充满同情的信息的鼓舞下,彼得森和他进行了一次交谈,并了解到这个名叫梅尔达的人搬到这里是为了追求音乐事业,但他最终在街上生活了多年。根据后文"that the man called Merda had mved here t"可知,彼得森经过交谈,了解了流浪汉的一些情况。故选A。
(3)考查动词及语境理解。A.exchange交换;B.receive收到;C.pursue追求;D.grab抓住。句意:在书中充满同情的信息的鼓舞下,彼得森和他进行了一次交谈,并了解到这个名叫梅尔达的人搬到这里是为了追求音乐事业,但他最终在街上生活了多年。根据后文"a career in music"可知,流浪汉搬到这里是为了追求音乐事业,故选C。
(4)考查形容词及语境理解。A.strangest最奇怪的;B.best最好的;C.saddest最悲伤的;D.brightest最亮的。句意:"这对我来说是最奇怪的事情,"彼得森后来在播客《顶级艺术家》上回忆道。根据后文可知,他在一个流浪汉的脸上看到了"美丽",这是最奇怪的事情。故选A。
(5)考查名词及语境理解。A.ugliness丑陋;B.guilty内疚;C.pride骄傲;D.beauty美丽。句意:我看到了一个大概一年没刮脸、没洗澡的男人脸上的'美丽'。上文提到了彼得森发现了最奇怪的事情,结合后文对方给了他鼓励,可推测他看到了对方脸上的美丽,故选D。
(6)考查动词及语境理解。A.spken说;B.smiled微笑;C.shaved剃须;D.slept睡觉。句意:我看到了一个大概一年没刮脸、没洗澡的男人脸上的'美丽'。根据后文"r shwered in prbably a year"指这是一个大概一年没刮脸、没洗澡的男人,因为他是流浪汉,不修边幅。故选C。
(7)考查动词及语境理解。A.defeated打败;B.discuraged使沮丧;C.shcked使震惊;D.inspired激励。句意:但他的故事,他内心的生活,激励了我。根据上文"But his stry,the life inside f him"中but表示转折,说明对方激励了彼得森,故选D。
(8)考查动词短语及语境理解。A.picked ut拿起;B.picked up捡起;C.held up耽搁;D.held ut坚持。句意:尽管毕业于克利夫兰艺术学院的彼得森已经有8年没有拿起画笔了,但他发现自己在问自己是否能画出梅尔达的肖像。根据后文"a paintbrush in abut 8 years"可知,此处指毕业于艺术学院的彼得森已经有8年没有拿起画笔了,故选A。
(9)考查动词及语境理解。A.fund发现;B.saw看见;C.stpped停止;D.required要求。句意:尽管毕业于克利夫兰艺术学院的彼得森已经有8年没有拿起画笔了,但他发现自己在问自己是否能画出梅尔达的肖像。根据后文"himself asking if he culd paint Merda's prtrait"可知,尽管毕业于克利夫兰艺术学院的彼得森已经有8年没有拿起画笔了,但他发现自己在问自己是否能画出Merda的肖像。故选A。
(10)考查介词短语及语境理解。A.rather than而不是;B.accrding t根据;C.apart frm除了;D.alng with一起。句意:彼得森根据他的性格和生活经历为梅尔达画肖像。根据后文"his traits and life experiences"可知,为梅尔达画肖像主要是根据他的性格和生活经历。故选B。
(11)考查副词及语境理解。A.Hurriedly急忙;B.Practically几乎;C.Hpelessly绝望地;D.Frtunately幸运地。句意:幸运的是,这幅画以几千美元的价格售出,这笔钱被彼得森存入了他的模特的"爱心账户"。根据后文"the painting was sld fr a few thusand dllars"可知,肖像画卖出了几千美元,是幸运的事情。故选D。
(12)考查动词及语境理解。A.rder命令;B.recrd录制;C.play玩耍;D.write写。句意:梅尔达用他画像的钱录制了一张专辑,实现了他的音乐梦想。根据后文"an album,fulfilling his musical dreams"可知,此处指梅尔达用他画像的钱录制了一张专辑,实现了他的音乐梦想。故选B。
(13)考查名词及语境理解。A.struggle努力;B.argument争论;C.cnnectin联系;D.appintment任命。句意:彼得森与梅尔达的联系促使他成立了"圣安娜之脸",这是一个非营利组织,专注于结交无家可归的社区成员,并为他们画肖像。根据上文可知,彼得森帮助梅尔达实现梦想,即二者存在联系。故选C。
(14)考查形容词及语境理解。A.unhused无家可归的;B.uncvered裸露的;C.uneducated无知的;D.unsettled不安的。句意:彼得森与梅尔达的联系促使他成立了"圣安娜之脸",这是一个非营利组织,专注于结交无家可归的社区成员,并为他们画肖像。呼应上文"by a hmeless man"指这个组织专注于结交无家可归的社区成员,并为他们画肖像。故选A。
(15)考查动词及语境理解。A.valued重视;B.verlked忽视;C.recgnized识别;D.respected尊重。句意:到目前为止,彼得森已经完成并售出了41幅肖像画,帮助许多人重新站起来,并与一些可能被人们忽视的人建立了友谊。根据上文可知,这个组织专注于结交无家可归的社区成员,并为他们画肖像,所以是为被人忽视的人建立友谊。故选B。
这是一篇记叙文。彼得森在一次和一名名叫梅尔达的流浪汉的交流中受到启发,决定成立了一个名为"Faces f Santa Ana"的非营利组织,专注于为无家可归者绘画和出售肖像,并资助他们,这一举动也帮助梅尔达完成了自己的音乐梦想。
近几年高考试题中的完形填空有新的变化,试题所涉及的知识面不断拓宽,综合难度不断提高。做完形填空首先要通读全文,了解大意。一篇完形填空的文章有许多空格,所以,必须先通读一至两遍,才能大概了解文章的内容。千万不要看一句,做一句。其次要逐句分析,前后一致。选择答案时,要考虑整个句子的内容,包括搭配、时态、语法等。答案全填完后,再通读一遍文章,检查是否通顺流畅,用词得当,意思正确。
36.【答案】【小题1】Written
【小题2】imaginative
【小题3】perfectly
【小题4】What
【小题5】t add
【小题6】Hwever
【小题7】in
【小题8】helps
【小题9】ffering
【小题10】celebratin
【解析】(1)考查过去分词。句意:这部由美国作家欧文•斯通创作的历史小说生动地描述了这位艺术家。分析句子结构可知,write与逻辑主语this wrk构成被动关系,故用过去分词作后置定语,句首单词首字母大写。故填Written。
(2)考查形容词。句意:斯通将历史事实和富有想象力的故事编织在一起,创造了艺术家的旅程。此处修饰名词strytelling,应用形容词imaginative"富有想象力的",作定语。故填imaginative。
(3)考查副词。句意:题目《渴望生活:梵高传》完美地展现了梵高对艺术和生活的热情。此处修饰动词shw,应用副词perfectly"完美地",作状语。故填perfectly。
(4)考查主语从句。句意:这本书中最让人印象深刻的是,为了给他的画上色,梵高会把他倾注了全部心血的草图放在一边,重新开始。此处引导主语从句,从句缺少主语,指事物应用连接代词what,表示"……的东西",句首单词首字母大写。故填What。
(5)考查主语从句。句意:这本书中最让人印象深刻的是,为了给他的画上色,梵高会把他倾注了全部心血的草图放在一边,重新开始。分析句子结构可知,add在句子作目的状语,应用动词不定式。故填t add。
(6)考查副词。句意:然而,在19世纪的印象派画家中,这位勤奋的画家仍然被视为一个不正常的人。前后是转折关系,前面是句号,后面是逗号,应用转折副词hwever,句首单词首字母大写。故填Hwever。
(7)考查介词。句意:《渴望生活:梵高传》的另一个优势在于它能够让读者沉浸在19世纪的欧洲世界中。动词短语lie in"在于",in为介词。故填in。
(8)考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意:它对风景和城市的生动描写有助于读者更好地理解梵高生活的环境。此处为定语从句的谓语动词,关系词替代先行词experience,在从句中作主语,根据上文cntribute可知,为一般现在时,主语that指代的先行词为名词单数,所以谓语用第三人称单数形式。故填helps。
(9)考查现在分词。句意:斯通将那个时代的社会和文化背景有效地融入了书中,为读者提供了一个更广阔的视角来看待那个时期艺术家面临的挑战。分析句子结构可知,ffer与上文句子构成主动关系,应用现在分词,作状语。故填ffering。
(10)考查可数名词的单数。句意:总之,这本书是对这位艺术家和他的创作精神当之无愧的颂扬。此处作表语,结合上文不定冠词a可知,应用名词celebratin的单数形式。故填celebratin。
这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了《渴望生活:梵高传》这本传记小说。
做本题的关键是在理解短文的基础上,灵活运用所学的词汇和语法知识。因此,这就需要在平时的学习中,牢固掌握语言点及一些语法知识。
37.【答案】Dear Peter,
We have classes abut traditinal Chinese culture this term.I think it is necessary t have these classes because we can get t knw mre abut Chinese culture. 【高分句型一】(点明主题)
In the classes,we've learned a lt.The teachers shw us hw t make tea and tell us the histry f tea.We als learn paper cutting and I can cut sme beautiful paper flwers nw.Making traditinal Chinese fd is my favrite.【高分句型二】We are trying t make dumplings and zngzi.(课程内容)
It's really interesting.By having these classes,we nt nly have fun but als learn a lt.And l am prud f being a Chinese.(个人感受)
Yurs, Li Hua
【解析】高分句型一:I think it is necessary t have these classes because we can get t knw mre abut Chinese culture.
翻译:我认为有必要上这些课,因为我们可以更多地了解中国文化。
分析:句子中it为形式主语,真正的主语为不定式短语 t have these classes以及because引导的原因状语从句。
高分句型二:Making traditinal Chinese fd is my favrite.
翻译:做传统的中国菜是我的最爱。
分析:本句使用了动名词短语Making traditinal Chinese fd 作主语。
提纲作文在写作时要注意内容是否包含了所有要点。写作时注意准确运用时态,上下文意思连贯,符合逻辑关系,尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式,同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次,平时需注意积累短语和重要句型。
38.【答案】Standing in frnt f the starting line again,Tm felt nervus.The memries f the shark attack flashed thrugh his mind,but he pushed them aside and fcused n the task at hand.He tk a deep breath and reminded himself f all the hard wrk that he had put in t get t this pint. 【高分句型一】As the starting signal sunded,Tm paddled ut t the wave with determinatin. 【高分句型二】He felt the familiar rush f adrenaline as he caught the wave and std up n his surfbard.(描写了汤姆紧张的原因以及比赛时的表现)
Tm fell int the sea.But instead f panicking,he stayed calm and quickly climbed back nt his surfbard.He knew that setbacks were part f the sprt and that he culdn't let them discurage him.He paddled back ut t the wave and tried again.This time,he rde the wave all the way t the shre,feeling the thrill f victry as he emerged frm the water.The crwd cheered as Tm walked up the beach,knwing that he had vercme a huge bstacle and achieved his dream nce again.(描写了汤姆战胜了恐惧,实现了梦想)
【解析】本文以人物为线索展开,讲述了汤姆是一个冲浪高手,但是曾经遭遇了鲨鱼袭击。汤姆的康复过程漫长而痛苦,但他拒绝放弃冲浪的梦想。当再一次比赛的时候,汤姆克服了内心的恐惧,实现了他的梦想。
高分句型一:He tk a deep breath and reminded himself f all the hard wrk that he had put in t get t this pint.
翻译:他深吸了一口气,提醒自己为了走到这一步所付出的所有努力。
分析:本句运用了that引导的限制性定语从句。
高分句型二:As the starting signal sunded,Tm paddled ut t the wave with determinatin..
翻译:出发信号一响,汤姆就毅然决然地向海浪划去。
分析:本句运用了as引导时间状语从句。
(1)品读原文,确定文章线索
每篇文章都有各自独特的写作思路,通过精读文章,找到该篇文章的写作线索。如是以时间为线索还是以空间为线索等这样有利于考生"顺藤摸瓜(结尾)"。
(2)仔细审题,明确续写要求
一般短文后面的"注意"都有对此次短文续写的具体要求。续写段落的首句提示,这样考生可以做到"心中有数"。
(3)回扣原文,揣摩续写思路
根据文章后面的要求,再次快速阅读短文,抓住文章的思路结合段首的提示语最终确定续写段落的思路。
(4)拟写草稿,修改错词病句
拟写时,注意句子结构的多样性,语言的丰富性,并通过句与句之间连接词的正确使用,使上下文连贯。
相关试卷
这是一份2022-2023学年安徽省滁州市定远县育才学校高二(下)期末英语试卷(含详细答案解析),共20页。试卷主要包含了阅读理解,阅读七选五,完形填空,语法填空,书面表达等内容,欢迎下载使用。
这是一份2022-2023学年安徽省亳州市第二完全中学高二(下)期末英语试卷(含详细答案解析),共20页。试卷主要包含了阅读理解,阅读七选五,完形填空,语法填空,任务型读写,书面表达等内容,欢迎下载使用。
这是一份2022-2023学年安徽省三市联考高一(下)期末英语试卷(含详细答案解析),共24页。试卷主要包含了阅读理解,阅读七选五,完形填空,语法填空,书面表达等内容,欢迎下载使用。