2022-2023学年广东省深圳市高二(下)期中英语试卷
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这是一份2022-2023学年广东省深圳市高二(下)期中英语试卷,共90页。
A.whatB.whyC.whD.which
2.(2分)(2021•天津)Gd evening,everybdy.Prfessr King ________ his lecture in a mment,but let me intrduce him first.( )
A.delivered
B.will be delivering
C.was delivering
D.has been delivering
3.(2分)(2021•宁河区一模)﹣﹣﹣What will the weather be like tmrrw?
﹣﹣﹣I have n idea. I was n the phne when the weather reprt ________.( )
A.is bradcast
B.was being bradcast
C.has been bradcast
D.had been bradcast
4.(2分)(2023春•深圳期中)We have sme dubt ______ they can cmplete the task n time.( )
A.whichB.whatC.whetherD.if
5.(2分)(2023春•深圳期中)______ an arrangement t put ff the huse prject in the village,we mved t discuss ______ we shuld carry ut the farming mdernizatin there.( )
A.Made;thatB.Making;what
C.Having made;whenD.Made;where
6.(2分)(2023春•深圳期中)______ wins the first place in the bicycle race will be awarded the gld medal.( )
A.WheverB.WhC.WhmeverD.Whm
7.(2分)(2021•天津)Mark is a genius.By the time he graduated,he ________ jbs by a dzen cmputer cmpanies.( )
A.has fferedB.has been ffered
C.had fferedD.had been ffered
8.(2分)(2023春•深圳期中)______ she became an artist ten years ag may have been due t her father's influence.( )
A.WhatB.IfC.ThatD.When
9.(2分)(2020•天津)﹣Yu are a great swimmer.
﹣Thanks.It's because I ______ a lt these days.( )
A.have been practising
B.was practising
C.wuld practise
D.had practised
10.(2分)(2023春•深圳期中)______ was in Hustn ______ the cuple pened the pet shp in the 1990s.( )
A.It;whichB.What;that
C.What;whereD.It;that
第二节短语单选
11.(1分)(2023春•深圳期中)Please ______ me when yu cme t ur city next time and I will ck delicius fds fr yu.( )
A.spread tB.cexist with
C.drp in nD.fit in with
12.(1分)(2023春•深圳期中)S far,it has been ______ mre than just an empty prmise,fr they haven't carried ut the plan.( )
A.everythingB.anything
C.smethingD.nthing
13.(1分)(2023春•深圳期中)It ______ that her husband was badly injured in a car accident.( )
A.tk verB.turned ut
C.tk upD.ppped up
14.(1分)(2023春•深圳期中)Mike has a desire ______ success but he suffers frm a lack ______ cnfidence.( )
A.fr;fB.t;withC.at;inD.ver;by
15.(1分)(2023春•深圳期中)Our effrts were nt ______ s we didn't waste ur energy.( )
A.in vainB.in gd hands
C.in harmnyD.in a large sense
第二部分阅读第一节阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。
16.(7.5分)(2023春•深圳期中)
New Jersey Btanical Garden Membership
It's easy t apply fr New Jersey Btanical Garden (NJBG) Membership r renew yur membership nline,by phne r by mail.And it's s imprtant t the Btanical Garden!Yur membership dllars help t imprve the Garden,and prvide educatinal and recreatinal (娱乐的) activities fr the general public.Thank yu fr yur supprt!T apply fr r renew it,please click n the apprpriate sectin and membership categry belw fr safe and cnvenient nline payment prcessing by PayPal.
If yu prefer t apply by phne r mail,call the NJBG ffice at(973)962﹣9534 r dwnlad and send in ur membership brchure (Adbe Acrbat PDF file).
★Apply NJBG Tday
★Renew Yur MembershipThe Btanical Garden started life as Skylands,a large area in the grand manner.It is famus fr a 44﹣rm Tudr Revival granite mansin (公馆) designed by Jhn Russell Ppe.Skylands has 96 acres f frmal and naturalized gardens and is surrunded by ver 1,000 acres f meadws (草坪) and wdlands.Purchased by the State in 1966 and fficially named as the New Jersey Btanical Garden in 1984,the gardens cntain apprximately 5,000 species and varieties f trees and flwers.
Fr yu,the NJBG is an exciting and beautiful place t visit,where yu may enjy each seasn's best.Members enjy special events,festivals,lectures,and rewarding educatinal pprtunities fr bth city and cuntry gardeners.
Yur NJBG membership ffers yu discunts at participating nurseries (苗圃),garden centers and ther fine businesses.Simply present yur NJBG membership card when beginning yur purchase:
*Gffle Brk Farm and Garden Center,(201)652﹣7540
10% ff yur purchase
*Metrplitan Plant Exchange,(973)638﹣7613
12% ff yur purchase
*Rhsler's Allendale Nursery &;Flrist,(201)327﹣3156
15% ff yur purchase
(1)What can we knw abut the Btanical Garden?
A.It was purchased and fficially named in the 1960s.
B.The designer f the mansin is Jhn Russell Ppe.
C.Skylands has 96 acres f frmal and man﹣made gardens.
D.Visitrs can enjy special events withut membership fr free.
(2)Hw much des a cuple need t pay if they want t renew their tw﹣year membership?
A.$40.
B.$50.
C.$60.
D.$80.
(3)Which shuld yu call t learn mre abut Metrplitan Plant Exchange?
A.(201)327﹣3156.
B.(973)962﹣9534.
C.(973)638﹣7613.
D.(201)652﹣7540.
17.(10分)(2023春•深圳期中)Arun Kumar Bajaj has a very unusual skill — he can paint with a sewing machine (缝纫机).Technically,it's embridering,nt painting,but his artwrks are s detailed that they can pass as paintings t the untrained eyes.And the fact that he des it all with a sewing machine just makes that much mre impressive.
Arun was really gd at drawing and painting while grwing up and dreamed f becming a famus painter,but his father died suddenly 15 years ag,which destryed his plans and frced him t give up schl in rder t run the family business.His father was a tailr and he became ne t,but he didn't let the artist in him die.He started "painting" with a needle and thread,but instead f using his hands,he decided n a rather unusual tl —the sewing machine.It tk him a while t master this unique art frm,but tday he is recgnized as the wrld's nly sewing machine artist.His wrks becme very ppular bth in India and abrad.It's easy t see why,just by lking at them,but what really makes his embrideries special is the tl he uses.
"Yu need t be very careful because nce yu've stitched the clth,there's n way yu can repair it." Arun said. "It's all dne in a single layer t give the painting a neat lk."
Sme f Arun's mst impressive wrks include a 4×2 feet painting f the curt f Ranjit Singh,which tk the artist ver a year t finish.Arun runs a tailring business in the Adalat Bazar f Patiala,but he devtes a lt f his time t his artistic dream as well.
(1)What was Arun's ambitin when he was grwing up?
A.T be a well﹣knwn artist.
B.T be expert at embridering.
C.T start a cmpany f his wn.
D.T be a famus sewer like his father.
(2)What can we infer abut Arun's business?
A.It runs very well at present.
B.It ften lacks a lt f mney.
C.It has a lt f branches abrad.
D.It is spnsred by the lcal gvernment.
(3)Hw did Arun paint the curt f Ranjit Singh?
A.By using his feet.
B.By using his muth.
C.With a needle and thread.
D.With a brush and paints.
(4)Hw can we best describe Arun?
A.Outging and generus.
B.Gifted and hardwrking.
C.Curageus but impatient.
D.Narrw minded and bad﹣tempered.
18.(10分)(2023春•深圳期中) If yu stand in frnt f a grup f kids,and start stating facts and ideas abut a particular tpic,like cmmn trees fund in a frest,their eyes will prbably becme dull because they'll get bred.There might be a few peple with a particular interest in trees wh remain attentive,but it's likely that mst will lse interest fairly quickly.But if yu stand up in frnt f that same grup f peple and tell them a stry,smething different will happen.
Researchers have nw quantified (量化) the emtinal benefits f a well﹣tld tale. "We knw that stries can transprt us t anther wrld," says Guilherme Brckingtn,the lead authr f the new paper.Earlier research suggests that stries help children prcess and regulate their emtins — but it was mstly cnducted in a labratry,with subjects answering questins while lying inside MRI (核磁共振) machines.There are few studies n psychlgical effects f strytelling in mre cmmnplace scenes,such as hspitals.
S investigatrs wrking in several hspitals split a ttal f 81 patients aged between fur and eleven int tw grups,matching them with strytellers wh had a decade f hspital experience.In ne grup,the stryteller led each child in playing a riddle game.In the ther,yungsters chse bks and listened as the stryteller read them alud.Befre and after these sessins,the researchers let each child spit int a tube,then asked them t reprt their pain levels and cnducted a free﹣assciatin wrd quiz.
Based n the analysis f each tube f saliva (唾液),the researchers fund children in bth grups shwed lwer levels f the stress﹣related hrmne (荷尔蒙) called crtisl and higher levels f xytcin,a feel﹣gd hrmne.Hwever,the crtisl levels f kids in the strytelling grup were a quarter f thse in the riddle grup,and their xytcin levels were nearly twice as high.Thse wh heard stries reprted pain levels drpping almst twice as much as thse in the riddle grup,and they used mre psitive wrds.
Next,the investigatrs plan t study hw lng these effects last.Fr nw,Brckingtn says the results indicate strytelling is a lw﹣cst and extremely efficient way t help imprve health utcmes.
(1)What des the authr intend t d in paragraph 1?
A.T state peple's different reactins t sme ideas.
B.T stress the magic f strytelling in grabbing attentin.
C.T explain the imprtance f eye cntact in strytelling.
D.T shw the difficulty in making cmmn tpics interesting.
(2)Hw des the new study differ frm the previus research mentined in paragraph 2?
A.The new study was undertaken in real﹣life situatins.
B.The new study was aimed t make hspital stays entertaining.
C.The researchers made full use f high﹣end labratry equipment.
D.The researchers highlighted the link between crtisl levels and emtins.
(3)What did the investigatrs d in their experiment?
A.They made the children reprt their delighted experiences in hspital.
B.They asked children t retell the newly learned stries.
C.They slved sme riddle games fr the children.
D.They cllected and tested sme saliva samples.
(4)What can be inferred frm the text?
A.Children shuld be frced t develp varius interests.
B.Reading stries t kids can change their character greatly.
C.Listening t stries helps kids in hspital reduce their pain.
D.Cmpared with strytelling,children can feel better when playing riddle games.
19.(10分)(2023春•深圳期中)Shrtly after 6 am n Mnday,buses carrying 200 immigrants rlled int Midtwn Manhattan frm Texas,Mst f them,including yung children,wre lightweight sweaters r blankets t keep ut the cld.Mayr Eric Adams' administratin warned that 10 t 15 buslads f migrants were expected t arrive this week due t the lifting f Title 42,a Trump﹣era public health rule passed in respnse t the COVID﹣19 pandemic.
Supreme Curt Chief Justice Jhn Rberts n Mnday temprarily blcked the Biden administratin frm ending the pandemic﹣era Title 42 immigratin plicy,leaving in dubt whether fficials will cntinue t drive ff migrants ver cncerns abut public health risks.Title 42 is set t expire(期满)n Wednesday.
"We have been tld in n uncertain terms that,beginning tday,we shuld expect an influx(流入)f buses cming frm the brder and that mre than 1,000 additinal asylum(政治避难)seekers will arrive in New Yrk City every week," Adams said in a statement released n Sunday. "We need help frm Washingtn."
Seeking t draw the Biden administratin's attentin t the grwing immigrant crisis,Republican gvernrs f brder states such as Texas and Arizna have been shipping migrants t Demcratic﹣cntrlled cities such as New Yrk City,Philadelphia and Washingtn,DC.
New Yrk has received mre than 31,000 migrants and has pened 60 emergency shelters,mstly in htels,as well as six ther centers.New Yrk City's schl chancellr(校监)said in Octber that the schl system has enrlled mre than 5,500 new migrant students,mst f whm came frm Latin America.
Adams,wh declared a state f emergency ver the migrant influx in Octber,said in a statement n Sunday that if nthing changes and the plicy expires,the cst f absrbing new migrants was unsustainable and culd lead t cuts t existing city prgrams.
"Our shelter system is full,and we are nearly ut f mney,staff,and space.T be hnest,if crrective measures are nt taken sn,we may very well be frced t cut prgrams New Yrkers rely n, "he said.Adams accused the federal gvernment f ignring the city's pleas fr aid and accused Republicans and Demcrats in Cngress f failing t "raise their hand" t help.
(1)Why are s many migrants suppsed t arrive in New Yrk City?
A.New Yrk City faces a majr labr shrtage.
B.The immigratin plicy is t be n lnger valid.
C.Washingtn has annunced a new immigratin rule.
D.New Yrk City prvides them with better living cnditins.
(2)Which might be a Republican﹣cntrlled place?
A.Washingtn,DC.
B.Philadelphia.
C.New Yrk City.
D.Texas.
(3)What des the underlined phrase "pleas fr" in the last paragraph mean?
A.Supplies f.
B.Benefits f.
C.Rewards fr.
D.Demands fr.
(4)What is the mst suitable title fr the news reprt?
A.New Yrk pens 60 emergency shelters.
B.New Yrk City hit by new immigrant flw.
C.New Yrk City needs help frm Washingtn.
D.New Yrk City's schl system enrlls many migrant students.
第二节根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
20.(12.5分)(2023春•深圳期中) Russians have made imprtant cntributins t the develpment f science and technlgy,which has changed ur daily life.Here are three Russian cntributins fr yu t read.
Ygurt
Ygurt has a lng histry.Many Bulgarians claim it,was accidentally discvered in the cuntry arund 4,000 years ag.But there was a Russian bilgist named Elie Metchnikff.(1)
Metchnikff travelled t Bulgaria and fund a lt f peple wh were a hundred years ld r lder there.He then investigated the eating habits f residents and fund that they ften drank fermented (发酵的) milk.
He als read Bulgarian researcher Stamen Grigrv's research.In 1905,Grigrv discvered ne f the main bacteria in Bulgarian lactic acid bacteria (乳酸菌) respnsible fr transfrming milk int ygurt.
S Metchnikff came up with a thery that lactic acid is gd fr human health and prlngs human life. (2) He lived t be 71,lnger than the average life expectancy at the time after cnsuming "untld gallns" f ygurt accrding t Time magazine.
Helicpter
Igr Ivanvich Sikrsky was brn n May 25,1889 in Kiev,which at the time was part f Russia.(3) Bth f his parents were physicians,giving Sikrsky the scientific grunding that he needed t develp aircraft ideas.
In 1939,he achieved his gal.He cmpleted the VS﹣300,pilting the craft himself during its first flight.
Peridic table
Have yu ever memrized the peridic table f elements(元素周期表)?(4) It is a single dcument that helps the study and research f chemistry.
On Feb.17,1689,Russian chemist Dmitri Mendeleev wrte dwn in a hurry the symbls fr the chemical elements.(5) Thus,he invented the peridic table.
It was perhaps the greatest breakthrugh in the histry f chemistry.Indeed,nthing quite like it exists in the ther subjects f science,accrding t Scientific American.
A.Ygurt is usually very lw in fat.
B.They cntributed a lt t ur sciety.
C.And t prve it,he drank ygurt every day.
D.He became interested in flight at an early age.
E.He first made its health aspects clear t the public.
F.It is ne f the mst pwerful icns in science.
G.He put them in rder accrding t their atmic weights.
第三部分语言运用第一节阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
21.(15分)(2022秋•齐齐哈尔期末)My mther﹣in﹣law left us an unexpected and priceless gift.After she died,my husband and his sister were (1) the cntents f her huse when they (2) every letter that we had written t her during ur 46﹣year marriage.She als kept all the letters that my mther had written t her ver the years.
During the pandemic,I've had time t read these letters.I read f ur early married life,ur (3) t have children and,especially,the (4) f ur three children frm birth t adulthd.I began writing all these details fr my children,and nw they have details abut when they were small.I discvered much that I had(5)
T read the letters written by my mther t my husband's mther is a (6) .I wish that I had saved my mther's letters t me but nw I have these letters that tell me things abut my mther that I never knew.I see that Mm and my mther﹣in﹣law shared their great lve fr us,their children,and fr ur children,their grandchildren.
I cme frm a lng line f letter writers and was trained t stay in tuch with ur parents.My grandparents lved t receive letters frm acrss the (7) .When I was (8) fr a student exchange prgram abrad in 1970,my mther tld me that my grandfather kept my airmail letters in his shirt pcket and read them (9) .Knwing this,I have tried my best t write t ur tw families(10) T all f yu wh write t me,I thank yu.The handwritten wrd is a (11) tl f friendship;it (12) us tgether.
Perhaps the greatest gift that these letters have given t me is t see hw my husband's parents (13) ur letters t them.The letters helped them knw their grandchildren and feel like part f ur lives.I shall file(存档) them fr ur children s that they can read the (14) f ur lives and knw that they,t,were cherished.
(15) writing t thse yu lve.Thse letters are ur greatest gifts t each ther.
第二节阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
22.(15分)(2023春•深圳期中)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Last week,I was invited t a dctr's meeting at the Rush Hspital.In ne f the rms a patient,wh was an ld man,gt up frm his bed and mved slwly twards me.I culd see that he hadn't a lng time t live,but he came up t me,and placed his right ft clse t mine n the flr.He cmpared his t mine and watched (1) (intent). "Frank!" I cried in surprise,but he tried t smile,all the time keeping his ft clse t mine.
My thughts raced back t mre than thirty years ag.My memry was (2) (assciate) with the dark days f 1941,when I was a student in Lndn.The scene was an air﹣raid shelter(防空洞),in which abut a hundred peple slept every night.(3) we had t stay there was t make sure f ur safety.That was the reasn.Amng them were Mrs.West and her sn Frank.Why Frank interested me was (4) he was nt nrmal.He had never been nrmal,ever since he was brn.His mther tld me he was 37 then,but he had less f a mind than a baby ,then 75,was a strng,able wman,as she had t be f curse,because Frank relied (5) her cmpletely. (6) (raise) her disabled sn was n easy jb.She was a representative f a kind and she devted (7) (she) t lking after him.
One night a pliceman came int ur shelter and tld Mrs.West that her huse (8) (destry) already.That wasn't quite true.Thugh (9) (damage) badly,their huse culd still be used because the Wests went n living there fr quite sme time.But they certainly lst nearly everything they wned.The (10) (restre) f the buildings needed a lt f time.
I std beside Frank and measured my right ft against his.They were abut the same size.That night then,I tk a spare pair f shes t the shelter fr Frank.As sn as he saw me,he came running—and placed his right ft against mine.After that,he always greeted me in the same way.
第三节用所给单词的正确形式完成句子(每空一词)
23.(1分)(2023春•深圳期中)I've had a lifelng (fascinate) with the sea and with small bats. (用所给词的适当形式填空)
24.(1分)(2023春•深圳期中)This district is getting mre and mre (prsper) and attractive. (所给词的适当形式填空)
25.(1分)(2023春•深圳期中)We are (prfund) affected by what happens t us in ur childhd. (所给词的适当形式填空)
26.(1分)(2023春•深圳期中)He always has sympathy fr thse hmeless (wretch). (所给词的适当形式填空)
27.(1分)(2023春•深圳期中)S much (emphasize) is placed n the schl as a transmitter f mral values. (所给词的适当形式填空)
28.(1分)(2023春•深圳期中)He's quite (dedicate) t his students and s he has wn their appreciatin. (所给词的适当形式填空)
29.(1分)(2023春•深圳期中)The cst f living in Eurpe has increased (dramatic). (所给词的适当形式填空)
30.(1分)(2023春•深圳期中)His sudden (depart) threw the ffice int chas.
31.(1分)(2023春•深圳期中)Why are yu s (mystery)?Why dn't yu tell me all the truth? (所给词的适当形式填空)
32.(1分)(2023春•深圳期中)T (expsure) smething that is usually hidden means t uncver it s that it can be seen. (所给词的适当形式填空)
第四部分写作第一节应用文写作
33.(15分)(2023春•深圳期中)假如你是李华,你校国际部的交流生Tm给你发来电子邮件,说他在即将到来的考试前出现了忧虑、头痛、睡眠差等情况,请你给他发一封电子邮件提出你的建议,内容包括:
(1)说明考试的目的;
(2)为考试做好必要的准备;
(3)注意健康饮食、运动和睡眠等。
注意:
(1)词数80左右;
(2)邮件开头已为你写好(不计入总词数)。
Dear Tm,
I have received yur email saying that yu are wrried abut the cming exam.__________
Yurs,
Li Hua
第二节 读后续写
34.(20分)(2023春•深圳期中) Tm appeared in frnt f the huse with a can f paint and a big brush.He was ging t paint Aunt Ply's fence as he was asked t.A deep sadness settled upn his heart.The fence was lng and tall.He dipped the brush int the can and mved it alng the first plank (板条) unwillingly.He did it again and again.The painted part was very small but the whle fence was endless.He felt tired and sleepy and stpped painting.
Just then Tm heard a nise.He recgnized it easily.It came frm ne f his schlmates,Ben,wh wuld make strange nises as he ate.Ben was walking by and eating an apple.At that mment,a wnderful idea came t Tm and he began t,cheer up.He wanted first t aruse Ben's interest and then let Ben wrk fr him.If ther bys passed by,he wuld d the same t them. "Maybe they even need t give me smething fr getting the chance t shw their ability," he thught.
He quickly tk his brush and painted quietly.Ben saw Tm,walked up t him and greeted him with a wide smile.
Cntinuing with his painting,Tm intentinally did nt lk at Ben.He wished fr his plan t wrk and therefre,he did nt turn arund frm his wrk.Tm mved his brush gently and slwly,all the while taking n ntice f Ben.Ben went clser and taunted (奚落)Tm, "Tm,it's unfrtunate that yu have wrk t d.I'm ging swimming.Dn't yu wish yu culd g,t?"
Tm turned suddenly. "Oh,Ben.I didn't see yu.What d yu mean by 'unfrtunate'?It may be wrk but it may nt be."
"D yu mean that yu enjy it?" Ben asked,feeling puzzled.
"Of curse!Hw ften d we get the chance t be in charge f painting a whle fence?" said Tm.Mving his brush and stepping away,Tm lked at the end result prudly.
Ben went clser t Tm,seeming curius.He stpped eating his applet watched Trn and became mre and mre interested.He then begged Tm t allw him t paint the fence.He even ffered Tm his half﹣eaten apple.Tm directly refused and said, "Aunt Ply wants this main fence t be perfect.If it were the fence behind the huse,yu culd help,but this main fence alng the street must be dne very carefully.Everyne can see it.There is ht ne by in a thusand wh can d it well."
注意:
(1)续写词数应为100左右;
(2)请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Again and again,Ben insisted n (坚持) being given the chance t have a try._______
2022-2023学年广东省深圳市高二(下)期中英语试卷
参考答案与试题解析
第一部分单项填空从A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。第一节语法单选
1.(2分)(2023春•深圳期中)What puzzles Lily's friends is ______ she always has s many crazy ideas.( )
A.whatB.whyC.whD.which
【考点】表语从句.
【答案】B
【分析】令Lily的朋友们感到困扰的是她为什么总是有这么多疯狂的想法。
【解答】分析句子,此处引导is的表语从句,从句中缺少原因状语,表示"为什么"。
故选:B。
【点评】单项选择题考查内容广泛,涉及词汇、语法、习语、日常用语等。在有限的题量中注意知识的覆盖面,设计特定的语境综合考查学生在一定语境中运用语言知识的能力。
2.(2分)(2021•天津)Gd evening,everybdy.Prfessr King ________ his lecture in a mment,but let me intrduce him first.( )
A.delivered
B.will be delivering
C.was delivering
D.has been delivering
【考点】一般将来时.
【答案】B
【分析】大家晚上好。金教授马上就要讲课了,但让我先介绍一下他。
【解答】分析句子,设空处在句中作谓语,结合句意,金教授马上就要讲课了,该句时态应用将来时。结合选项,B选项符合题意。
故选:B。
【点评】考查时态。做题时,分析句子,结合句意和选项做出判断。
3.(2分)(2021•宁河区一模)﹣﹣﹣What will the weather be like tmrrw?
﹣﹣﹣I have n idea. I was n the phne when the weather reprt ________.( )
A.is bradcast
B.was being bradcast
C.has been bradcast
D.had been bradcast
【考点】过去进行时的被动语态.
【答案】B
【分析】﹣﹣明天天气如何? ﹣﹣我不知道。天气预报播送的时候我正在打电话。
【解答】答案:B.
解析:考查时态与语态。根据答句中was,可知所描述的事情发生在过去;根据句意理解,我打电话与天气预报播送是同时进行的,所以when后从句中表动作的谓语动词bradcast要使用进行时,时间状语从句中,主从句时态要保持基本一致,所以要用过去进行时;主语the weather reprt 与谓语动词bradcast是被动关系,故要使用过去进行时的被动语态。
故选:B。
【点评】理解语境,把握时间,分清主谓之间的主动被动关系。
4.(2分)(2023春•深圳期中)We have sme dubt ______ they can cmplete the task n time.( )
A.whichB.whatC.whetherD.if
【考点】同位语从句.
【答案】C
【分析】我们对他们是否能按时完成任务有些怀疑。
【解答】分析句子可知,此处引导dubt的同位语从句,指怀疑他们"是否"能按时完成任务,故应用"whether"引导从句,意为"是否",if不能引导同位语从句。
故选:C。
【点评】whether引导同位语从句,表示"是否"。
5.(2分)(2023春•深圳期中)______ an arrangement t put ff the huse prject in the village,we mved t discuss ______ we shuld carry ut the farming mdernizatin there.( )
A.Made;thatB.Making;what
C.Having made;whenD.Made;where
【考点】连接副词when引导宾语从句;现在分词的完成式.
【答案】C
【分析】在作出推迟该村建房工程的安排后,我们开始讨论何时在该村实施农业现代化。
【解答】分析句子结构可知,句中已有谓语动词mved,第一空为非谓语动词,make和主语we之间为主动关系,且make an arrangement的动作发生在谓语动词mved之前,故用现在分词的完成式,即Having made;第二空引导discuss的宾语从句,且此处缺少时间状语,故填when。
故选:C。
【点评】现在分词表主动,且结合具体的时态,写出其正确形式;明确when引导宾语从句时,在从句中作时间状语。
6.(2分)(2023春•深圳期中)______ wins the first place in the bicycle race will be awarded the gld medal.( )
A.WheverB.WhC.WhmeverD.Whm
【考点】主语从句.
【答案】A
【分析】无论谁在自行车比赛中获得第一名,都将被授予金牌。
【解答】分析句子可知,句子为主语从句,空格处单词引导从句,从句中缺少主语,指人,表示"无论谁",故应用"whever"引导从句,意为"无论谁",句首单词首字母大写。
故选:A。
【点评】分析主语从句在句中的作用,且分析该空在从句中所作的成分,再结合意思,确定答案。
7.(2分)(2021•天津)Mark is a genius.By the time he graduated,he ________ jbs by a dzen cmputer cmpanies.( )
A.has fferedB.has been ffered
C.had fferedD.had been ffered
【考点】现在完成时的被动语态.
【答案】D
【分析】马克是个天才。到他毕业时,十几家电脑公司已经为他提供了工作机会。
【解答】分析句子,结合时间状语By the time he graduated,句子应用过去完成时,ffer和主语he之间为被动关系,故用had been ffered。
故选:D。
【点评】根据主谓之间的主被动关系判断语态,根据时间状语和语境判断时态。
8.(2分)(2023春•深圳期中)______ she became an artist ten years ag may have been due t her father's influence.( )
A.WhatB.IfC.ThatD.When
【考点】主语从句.
【答案】C
【分析】她十年前成为一名艺术家可能是由于她父亲的影响。
【解答】分析句子可知,空处引导主语从句,从句结构、意义完整,应用that引导,that在句中无意义,只起连接作用。
故选:C。
【点评】that引导主语从句,不作成分,没有任何含义。
9.(2分)(2020•天津)﹣Yu are a great swimmer.
﹣Thanks.It's because I ______ a lt these days.( )
A.have been practising
B.was practising
C.wuld practise
D.had practised
【考点】现在完成进行时.
【答案】A
【分析】﹣﹣你是一个很棒的游泳运动员.﹣﹣谢谢.这是因为我最近一直在练习.
【解答】根据句意和时间these days可知这里表示最近一段时间一直在做某事,用现在完成进行时.
故选:A.
【点评】现在完成进行时是英语中动词的一种基本时态,其构成为:主语+助动词(have/has)+been+动词的现在分词+其他成分.表示动作从某一时间开始,一直持续到现在,或者刚刚终止,或者可能仍然要继续下去.
10.(2分)(2023春•深圳期中)______ was in Hustn ______ the cuple pened the pet shp in the 1990s.( )
A.It;whichB.What;that
C.What;whereD.It;that
【考点】It be…that/wh强调句型.
【答案】D
【分析】正是在休斯敦,这对夫妇在二十世纪九十年代开了家宠物店。
【解答】分析题干,如果去掉第一个空,was和第二个空,句子变成In Hustn,the cuple pened the pet shp in the 1990s.句意仍然完整,成分齐全,所以此处为强调句型:It is/was+被强调部分+that/wh+其余部分,被强调的部分为地点状语in Hustn,故第一空用It,第二空用that。
故选:D。
【点评】首先分析题干,弄清楚题干想要表达的意思,然后找出句子主干,分析空格部分在题干中的功能,从题干中寻找关键信息,根据关键信息确定准确答案。
第二节短语单选
11.(1分)(2023春•深圳期中)Please ______ me when yu cme t ur city next time and I will ck delicius fds fr yu.( )
A.spread tB.cexist with
C.drp in nD.fit in with
【考点】动词短语.
【答案】C
【分析】下次你来我们城市的时候请来找我,我会为你做好吃的。
【解答】A.spread t蔓延到;B.cexist with与…共存;C.drp in n顺道拜访;D.fit in with适合。根据下文"when yu cme t ur city next time and I will ck delicius fds fr yu(下次你来我们城市的时候…,我会为你做好吃的)"可推理出句子表达的含义是邀请对方来拜访,空白处应填表示"顺道拜访"含义的动词短语。
故选:C。
【点评】本题考查动词短语词义,应注意其各自的用法特点。
12.(1分)(2023春•深圳期中)S far,it has been ______ mre than just an empty prmise,fr they haven't carried ut the plan.( )
A.everythingB.anything
C.smethingD.nthing
【考点】n﹣类复合不定代词的用法.
【答案】D
【分析】到目前为止,这只不过是一个空洞的承诺,因为他们还没有执行这个计划。
【解答】句意:到目前为止,这只不过是一个空洞的承诺,因为他们还没有执行这个计划。A.everything每件事,一切;B.anything 任何事物/事情;C.smething 某物,某事;D.nthing 没有什么。分析句子结构和意思可知,这里需要不定代词nthing,表示"没有什么",作表语。
故选:D。
【点评】考查不定代词词义辨析,弄清楚各个不定代词的含义并区别各个形容词之间的差异,了解某些形容词的特殊用法,然后结合语境选择正确答案。
13.(1分)(2023春•深圳期中)It ______ that her husband was badly injured in a car accident.( )
A.tk verB.turned ut
C.tk upD.ppped up
【考点】动词短语.
【答案】B
【分析】结果是,她的丈夫在一场车祸中受了重伤。
【解答】考查动词短语辨析。A.tk ver接管;B.turned ut结果是;C.tk up占据;D.ppped up突然出现。根据下文"her husband was badly injured in a car accident.( 她的丈夫在一场车祸中受了重伤)"可知这是一个结果,空白处应填表示"结果是"含义的动词短语,It turned ut that...,结果是…。
故选:B。
【点评】本题考查动词短语,解答该类题时要认真解读参考答案的意思,再将其代入句中,最后选择正确答案。
14.(1分)(2023春•深圳期中)Mike has a desire ______ success but he suffers frm a lack ______ cnfidence.( )
A.fr;fB.t;withC.at;inD.ver;by
【考点】介词短语;动词短语.
【答案】A
【分析】迈克渴望成功,但他缺乏信心。
【解答】根据句意可知,空格一处涉及固定短语"have a desire fr sth.",意为"渴望得到某物",故空格一应用介词"fr";空格二处涉及固定短语"a lack f…",意为"缺乏……",故空格二应用介词"f"。
故选:A。
【点评】解题时要区分清选择项的含义与区别,再联系句意进行判断,从而选出正确答案。考生做此类题型,要分析句子结构,理解句意,考虑语境,选择恰当词。切忌:粗心大意,惯性判断。要注意细心分析验证,得出答案。
15.(1分)(2023春•深圳期中)Our effrts were nt ______ s we didn't waste ur energy.( )
A.in vainB.in gd hands
C.in harmnyD.in a large sense
【考点】介词短语.
【答案】A
【分析】我们的努力没有白费,我们没有浪费精力。
【解答】A.in vain徒劳;B.in gd hands受到很好的照料;C.in harmny协调一致;D.in a large sense在很大意义上。分析句子结构和意思可知,这里需要介词短语in vain,意为"徒劳",作表语。
故选:A。
【点评】掌握几个短语或固定搭配的汉语意思,结合题干句意和要求分析作答。
第二部分阅读第一节阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。
16.(7.5分)(2023春•深圳期中)
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It's easy t apply fr New Jersey Btanical Garden (NJBG) Membership r renew yur membership nline,by phne r by mail.And it's s imprtant t the Btanical Garden!Yur membership dllars help t imprve the Garden,and prvide educatinal and recreatinal (娱乐的) activities fr the general public.Thank yu fr yur supprt!T apply fr r renew it,please click n the apprpriate sectin and membership categry belw fr safe and cnvenient nline payment prcessing by PayPal.
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★Apply NJBG Tday
★Renew Yur MembershipThe Btanical Garden started life as Skylands,a large area in the grand manner.It is famus fr a 44﹣rm Tudr Revival granite mansin (公馆) designed by Jhn Russell Ppe.Skylands has 96 acres f frmal and naturalized gardens and is surrunded by ver 1,000 acres f meadws (草坪) and wdlands.Purchased by the State in 1966 and fficially named as the New Jersey Btanical Garden in 1984,the gardens cntain apprximately 5,000 species and varieties f trees and flwers.
Fr yu,the NJBG is an exciting and beautiful place t visit,where yu may enjy each seasn's best.Members enjy special events,festivals,lectures,and rewarding educatinal pprtunities fr bth city and cuntry gardeners.
Yur NJBG membership ffers yu discunts at participating nurseries (苗圃),garden centers and ther fine businesses.Simply present yur NJBG membership card when beginning yur purchase:
*Gffle Brk Farm and Garden Center,(201)652﹣7540
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12% ff yur purchase
*Rhsler's Allendale Nursery &;Flrist,(201)327﹣3156
15% ff yur purchase
(1)What can we knw abut the Btanical Garden? B
A.It was purchased and fficially named in the 1960s.
B.The designer f the mansin is Jhn Russell Ppe.
C.Skylands has 96 acres f frmal and man﹣made gardens.
D.Visitrs can enjy special events withut membership fr free.
(2)Hw much des a cuple need t pay if they want t renew their tw﹣year membership? D
A.$40.
B.$50.
C.$60.
D.$80.
(3)Which shuld yu call t learn mre abut Metrplitan Plant Exchange? C
A.(201)327﹣3156.
B.(973)962﹣9534.
C.(973)638﹣7613.
D.(201)652﹣7540.
【考点】应用文;日常生活.
【答案】(1)﹣(3)BDC
【分析】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了如何申请和续订新泽西州立植物园的会员资格。
【解答】(1)推理判断题。根据第二个表格下段关键句It is famus fr a 44﹣rm Tudr Revival granite mansin (公馆) designed by Jhn Russell Ppe.(它以拥有44间客房的都铎王朝复兴时期的花岗岩公馆而闻名,该公馆由约翰•拉塞尔•波普设计。)可知,关于植物园我们能了解到,这座公馆的设计师是约翰•拉塞尔•波普。故选B项。
(2)细节理解题。根据第二个表格中关键句Special:Save sme mney with Biennial Dues,Dual, $80(特别优惠:缴两年会费节省一些钱,两人共用,80美元)可知,续签两年的会员资格,两人需交80美元,由此可知,如果一对夫妇想续签两年的会员资格,他们需要支付80美元。故选D项。
(3)细节理解题。根据倒数第四段内容Metrplitan Plant Exchange,(973)638﹣7613(大都会植物交易所,(973)638﹣7613)可知,如果你想了解更多关于大都会植物交易所的信息,可以拨打(973)638﹣7613。故选C项。
【点评】一、速读全文,了解大意知主题。
阅读能力一般指阅读速度和理解能力两个方面。阅读速度是阅读最基本的能力,考生必须在十分有限的时间内运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速阅读,搜寻关键词、主题句,捕捉时空、顺序、情节、人物、观点,并且理清文章脉络,把握语篇实质。
二、看题干,带着问题读文章。
首先要掌握问题的类型,客观信息题可以从文章中直接找到答案;而主观判断题考查的是对文章的感情基调等,这类题必须经过对作者的态度、意图以及对整篇文章进行深一层的推理等。其次,了解试题题干以及各个选项所包含的信息,然后有针对性地对文章进行扫读,对有关信息进行快速定位。此法加强了阅读的针对性,提高了做题的准确率。
三、逻辑推理,做好深层理解题。
在实际阅读中,有时作者并未把意图说出来,阅读者要根据字面意思,通过语篇逻辑关系,研究细节的暗示,推敲作者的态度,理解文章的寓义。要求读者对文字的表面信息进行分析、挖掘和逻辑推理,不能就事论事,以偏概全。推理题在提问中常用的词有:infer,imply,suggest,indicate等。
四、猜词悟义,扫除阅读拦路虎。
猜词是应用英语的重要能力。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文,而且要有较大的泛读量,掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。我们要学会"顺藤摸瓜",通过构词,语法,定义,同位,对比,因果,常识,上下文等线索确定词义。
17.(10分)(2023春•深圳期中)Arun Kumar Bajaj has a very unusual skill — he can paint with a sewing machine (缝纫机).Technically,it's embridering,nt painting,but his artwrks are s detailed that they can pass as paintings t the untrained eyes.And the fact that he des it all with a sewing machine just makes that much mre impressive.
Arun was really gd at drawing and painting while grwing up and dreamed f becming a famus painter,but his father died suddenly 15 years ag,which destryed his plans and frced him t give up schl in rder t run the family business.His father was a tailr and he became ne t,but he didn't let the artist in him die.He started "painting" with a needle and thread,but instead f using his hands,he decided n a rather unusual tl —the sewing machine.It tk him a while t master this unique art frm,but tday he is recgnized as the wrld's nly sewing machine artist.His wrks becme very ppular bth in India and abrad.It's easy t see why,just by lking at them,but what really makes his embrideries special is the tl he uses.
"Yu need t be very careful because nce yu've stitched the clth,there's n way yu can repair it." Arun said. "It's all dne in a single layer t give the painting a neat lk."
Sme f Arun's mst impressive wrks include a 4×2 feet painting f the curt f Ranjit Singh,which tk the artist ver a year t finish.Arun runs a tailring business in the Adalat Bazar f Patiala,but he devtes a lt f his time t his artistic dream as well.
(1)What was Arun's ambitin when he was grwing up? A
A.T be a well﹣knwn artist.
B.T be expert at embridering.
C.T start a cmpany f his wn.
D.T be a famus sewer like his father.
(2)What can we infer abut Arun's business? A
A.It runs very well at present.
B.It ften lacks a lt f mney.
C.It has a lt f branches abrad.
D.It is spnsred by the lcal gvernment.
(3)Hw did Arun paint the curt f Ranjit Singh? C
A.By using his feet.
B.By using his muth.
C.With a needle and thread.
D.With a brush and paints.
(4)Hw can we best describe Arun? B
A.Outging and generus.
B.Gifted and hardwrking.
C.Curageus but impatient.
D.Narrw minded and bad﹣tempered.
【考点】新闻报道;杰出人物.
【答案】(1)﹣(4)AACB
【分析】这是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了缝纫机画家Arun Kumar Bajaj的故事和他的作品。
【解答】(1)细节理解题。根据第二段Arun was really gd at drawing and painting while grwing up and dreamed f becming a famus painter,but his father died suddenly 15 years ag,which destryed his plans and frced him t give up schl in rder t run the family business.( Arun在成长过程中非常擅长绘画,梦想成为一名著名的画家,但他的父亲在15年前突然去世,这摧毁了他的计划,迫使他放弃学业去经营家族企业)可知,Arun在成长过程中的志向是成为一个著名的艺术家。故选A。
(2)推理判断题。根据第二段中His wrks becme very ppular bth in India and abrad.(他的作品在印度和国外都很受欢迎)可推知,目前Arun的生意进展顺利。故选A。
(3)推理判断题。根据第二段中He started "painting" with a needle and thread,but instead f using his hands,he decided n a rather unusual tl—the sewing machine.It tk him a while t master this unique art frm,but tday he is recgnized as the wrld's nly sewing machine artist.(他开始用针线"画画",但他没有用手,而是决定使用一种相当不寻常的工具﹣﹣﹣缝纫机。他花了一段时间才掌握这种独特的艺术形式,但今天他被公认为世界上唯一的缝纫机艺术家)以及最后一段Sme f Arun's mst impressive wrks include a 4×2 feet painting f the curt f Ranjit Singh,which tk the artist ver a year t finish. (阿伦最令人印象深刻的作品包括一幅4×2英尺的兰吉特•辛格宫廷画,他花了一年多的时间才完成)可推知,Arun用针线创作了兰Ranjit Singh的宫廷画。故选C。
(4)观点态度题。根据第二段Arun was really gd at drawing and painting while grwing up and dreamed f becming a famus painter,but his father died suddenly 15 years ag,which destryed his plans and frced him t give up schl in rder t run the family business.( Arun在成长过程中非常擅长绘画,梦想成为一名著名的画家,但他的父亲在15年前突然去世,这摧毁了他的计划,迫使他放弃学业,为了经营家族企业)以及最后一段Arun runs a tailring business in the Adalat Bazar f Patiala,but he devtes a lt f his time t his artistic dream as well.(Arun在帕蒂拉的Adalat Bazar经营着一家裁缝店,但他也把大量的时间用于他的艺术梦想)可推知,Arun有天赋且努力。A.Outging and generus.外向大方的;B.Gifted and hardwrking.天赋异禀又勤奋的;C.Curageus but impatient.勇敢但缺乏耐心的;D.Narrw minded and bad﹣tempered.心胸狭窄,脾气暴躁的。故选B。
【点评】一、速读全文,了解大意知主题。
阅读能力一般指阅读速度和理解能力两个方面。阅读速度是阅读最基本的能力,考生必须在十分有限的时间内运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速阅读,搜寻关键词、主题句,捕捉时空、顺序、情节、人物、观点,并且理清文章脉络,把握语篇实质。
二、看题干,带着问题读文章。
首先要掌握问题的类型,客观信息题可以从文章中直接找到答案;而主观判断题考查的是对文章的感情基调等,这类题必须经过对作者的态度、意图以及对整篇文章进行深一层的推理等。其次,了解试题题干以及各个选项所包含的信息,然后有针对性地对文章进行扫读,对有关信息进行快速定位。此法加强了阅读的针对性,提高了做题的准确率。
三、逻辑推理,做好深层理解题。
在实际阅读中,有时作者并未把意图说出来,阅读者要根据字面意思,通过语篇逻辑关系,研究细节的暗示,推敲作者的态度,理解文章的寓义。要求读者对文字的表面信息进行分析、挖掘和逻辑推理,不能就事论事,以偏概全。推理题在提问中常用的词有:infer,imply,suggest,indicate等。
四、猜词悟义,扫除阅读拦路虎。
猜词是应用英语的重要能力。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文,而且要有较大的泛读量,掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。我们要学会"顺藤摸瓜",通过构词,语法,定义,同位,对比,因果,常识,上下文等线索确定词义。
18.(10分)(2023春•深圳期中) If yu stand in frnt f a grup f kids,and start stating facts and ideas abut a particular tpic,like cmmn trees fund in a frest,their eyes will prbably becme dull because they'll get bred.There might be a few peple with a particular interest in trees wh remain attentive,but it's likely that mst will lse interest fairly quickly.But if yu stand up in frnt f that same grup f peple and tell them a stry,smething different will happen.
Researchers have nw quantified (量化) the emtinal benefits f a well﹣tld tale. "We knw that stries can transprt us t anther wrld," says Guilherme Brckingtn,the lead authr f the new paper.Earlier research suggests that stries help children prcess and regulate their emtins — but it was mstly cnducted in a labratry,with subjects answering questins while lying inside MRI (核磁共振) machines.There are few studies n psychlgical effects f strytelling in mre cmmnplace scenes,such as hspitals.
S investigatrs wrking in several hspitals split a ttal f 81 patients aged between fur and eleven int tw grups,matching them with strytellers wh had a decade f hspital experience.In ne grup,the stryteller led each child in playing a riddle game.In the ther,yungsters chse bks and listened as the stryteller read them alud.Befre and after these sessins,the researchers let each child spit int a tube,then asked them t reprt their pain levels and cnducted a free﹣assciatin wrd quiz.
Based n the analysis f each tube f saliva (唾液),the researchers fund children in bth grups shwed lwer levels f the stress﹣related hrmne (荷尔蒙) called crtisl and higher levels f xytcin,a feel﹣gd hrmne.Hwever,the crtisl levels f kids in the strytelling grup were a quarter f thse in the riddle grup,and their xytcin levels were nearly twice as high.Thse wh heard stries reprted pain levels drpping almst twice as much as thse in the riddle grup,and they used mre psitive wrds.
Next,the investigatrs plan t study hw lng these effects last.Fr nw,Brckingtn says the results indicate strytelling is a lw﹣cst and extremely efficient way t help imprve health utcmes.
(1)What des the authr intend t d in paragraph 1? B
A.T state peple's different reactins t sme ideas.
B.T stress the magic f strytelling in grabbing attentin.
C.T explain the imprtance f eye cntact in strytelling.
D.T shw the difficulty in making cmmn tpics interesting.
(2)Hw des the new study differ frm the previus research mentined in paragraph 2? A
A.The new study was undertaken in real﹣life situatins.
B.The new study was aimed t make hspital stays entertaining.
C.The researchers made full use f high﹣end labratry equipment.
D.The researchers highlighted the link between crtisl levels and emtins.
(3)What did the investigatrs d in their experiment? D
A.They made the children reprt their delighted experiences in hspital.
B.They asked children t retell the newly learned stries.
C.They slved sme riddle games fr the children.
D.They cllected and tested sme saliva samples.
(4)What can be inferred frm the text? C
A.Children shuld be frced t develp varius interests.
B.Reading stries t kids can change their character greatly.
C.Listening t stries helps kids in hspital reduce their pain.
D.Cmpared with strytelling,children can feel better when playing riddle games.
【考点】说明文;日常生活.
【答案】(1)﹣(4)BADC
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项研究发现,讲故事是一种低成本、高效的方式,有助于改善健康状况,帮助住院的孩子减轻疼痛。
【解答】(1)推理判断题。根据第一段关键句If yu stand in frnt f a grup f kids,and start stating facts and ideas abut a particular tpic,like cmmn trees fund in a frest,their eyes will prbably becme dull because they'll get bred.(如果你站在一群孩子面前,开始陈述关于某个特定话题的事实和想法,就像森林里常见的树一样,他们的眼睛可能会变得迟钝,因为他们会感到无聊。)和But if yu stand up in frnt f that same grup f peple and tell them a stry,smething different will happen.(但如果你站在同一群人面前,给他们讲一个故事,就会发生不同的事情。)可知,如果你站在一群孩子面前陈述关于某个特定话题的事实和想法,孩子们会感到无聊,但如果你给他们讲一个故事,他们会感到有趣,由此可知,作者在第一段中想要强调讲故事有吸引注意力的魔力。A.T state peple's different reactins t sme ideas.陈述人们对某些观点的不同反应;B.T stress the magic f strytelling in grabbing attentin.强调讲故事吸引注意力的魔力;C.T explain the imprtance f eye cntact in strytelling.解释眼神交流在讲故事中的重要性;D.T shw the difficulty in making cmmn tpics interesting.来说明让共同话题变得有趣的难度。故选B项。
(2)推理判断题。根据第二段关键句Earlier research suggests that stries help children prcess and regulate their emtins—but it was mstly cnducted in a labratry,with subjects answering questins while lying inside MRI (核磁共振) machines.There are few studies n psychlgical effects f strytelling in mre cmmnplace scenes,such as hspitals.(早期的研究表明,故事有助于儿童处理和调节他们的情绪,但这主要是在实验室里进行的,受试者躺在核磁共振成像机里回答问题。很少有人研究在医院等更常见的场景中讲故事的心理影响。)可知,之前的研究是在实验室里进行的,而新的研究是在医院等现实生活场景中进行的,由此可知,这项新研究与先前研究的不同之处在于这项新研究是在现实生活中进行的。故选A项。
(3)细节理解题。根据第三段关键句Befre and after these sessins,the researchers let each child spit int a tube,then asked them t reprt their pain levels and cnducted a free﹣assciatin wrd quiz.(在这些实验的之前和之后,研究人员让每个孩子往一根管子里吐口水,然后让他们报告自己的疼痛程度,并进行了一个自由的联想单词测试。)和第四段关键句Based n the analysis f each tube f saliva (唾液),the researchers fund children in bth grups shwed lwer levels f the stress﹣related hrmne (荷尔蒙) called crtisl and higher levels f xytcin,a feel﹣gd hrmne.(根据对每管唾液的分析,研究人员发现,两组儿童的压力相关荷尔蒙皮质醇水平较低,催产素水平较高,催产素是一种感觉良好的激素。)可知,在实验的之前和之后,研究人员收集了并测试了每个孩子的唾液,由此可知,研究人员在他们的实验中收集并测试了一些唾液样本。故选D项。
(4)推理判断题。根据第四段关键句Thse wh heard stries reprted pain levels drpping almst twice as much as thse in the riddle grup,and they used mre psitive wrds.(那些听过故事的人报告说,他们的疼痛程度下降了几乎是谜语组的两倍,而且他们使用了更多积极的词语。)可知,听过故事的人的疼痛程度下降了几乎是谜语组的两倍,由此可知,我们可以推断出听故事可以帮助住院的孩子减轻疼痛。A.Children shuld be frced t develp varius interests.应该强迫孩子们发展各种兴趣;B.Reading stries t kids can change their character greatly.给孩子们读故事可以极大地改变他们的性格;C.Listening t stries helps kids in hspital reduce their pain.听故事有助于医院里的孩子减轻痛苦;D.Cmpared with strytelling,children can feel better when playing riddle games.比起讲故事,玩谜语游戏能让孩子感觉更好。故选C项。
【点评】一、速读全文,了解大意知主题。
阅读能力一般指阅读速度和理解能力两个方面。阅读速度是阅读最基本的能力,考生必须在十分有限的时间内运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速阅读,搜寻关键词、主题句,捕捉时空、顺序、情节、人物、观点,并且理清文章脉络,把握语篇实质。
二、看题干,带着问题读文章。
首先要掌握问题的类型,客观信息题可以从文章中直接找到答案;而主观判断题考查的是对文章的感情基调等,这类题必须经过对作者的态度、意图以及对整篇文章进行深一层的推理等。其次,了解试题题干以及各个选项所包含的信息,然后有针对性地对文章进行扫读,对有关信息进行快速定位。此法加强了阅读的针对性,提高了做题的准确率。
三、逻辑推理,做好深层理解题。
在实际阅读中,有时作者并未把意图说出来,阅读者要根据字面意思,通过语篇逻辑关系,研究细节的暗示,推敲作者的态度,理解文章的寓义。要求读者对文字的表面信息进行分析、挖掘和逻辑推理,不能就事论事,以偏概全。推理题在提问中常用的词有:infer,imply,suggest,indicate等。
四、猜词悟义,扫除阅读拦路虎。
猜词是应用英语的重要能力。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文,而且要有较大的泛读量,掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。我们要学会"顺藤摸瓜",通过构词,语法,定义,同位,对比,因果,常识,上下文等线索确定词义。
19.(10分)(2023春•深圳期中)Shrtly after 6 am n Mnday,buses carrying 200 immigrants rlled int Midtwn Manhattan frm Texas,Mst f them,including yung children,wre lightweight sweaters r blankets t keep ut the cld.Mayr Eric Adams' administratin warned that 10 t 15 buslads f migrants were expected t arrive this week due t the lifting f Title 42,a Trump﹣era public health rule passed in respnse t the COVID﹣19 pandemic.
Supreme Curt Chief Justice Jhn Rberts n Mnday temprarily blcked the Biden administratin frm ending the pandemic﹣era Title 42 immigratin plicy,leaving in dubt whether fficials will cntinue t drive ff migrants ver cncerns abut public health risks.Title 42 is set t expire(期满)n Wednesday.
"We have been tld in n uncertain terms that,beginning tday,we shuld expect an influx(流入)f buses cming frm the brder and that mre than 1,000 additinal asylum(政治避难)seekers will arrive in New Yrk City every week," Adams said in a statement released n Sunday. "We need help frm Washingtn."
Seeking t draw the Biden administratin's attentin t the grwing immigrant crisis,Republican gvernrs f brder states such as Texas and Arizna have been shipping migrants t Demcratic﹣cntrlled cities such as New Yrk City,Philadelphia and Washingtn,DC.
New Yrk has received mre than 31,000 migrants and has pened 60 emergency shelters,mstly in htels,as well as six ther centers.New Yrk City's schl chancellr(校监)said in Octber that the schl system has enrlled mre than 5,500 new migrant students,mst f whm came frm Latin America.
Adams,wh declared a state f emergency ver the migrant influx in Octber,said in a statement n Sunday that if nthing changes and the plicy expires,the cst f absrbing new migrants was unsustainable and culd lead t cuts t existing city prgrams.
"Our shelter system is full,and we are nearly ut f mney,staff,and space.T be hnest,if crrective measures are nt taken sn,we may very well be frced t cut prgrams New Yrkers rely n, "he said.Adams accused the federal gvernment f ignring the city's pleas fr aid and accused Republicans and Demcrats in Cngress f failing t "raise their hand" t help.
(1)Why are s many migrants suppsed t arrive in New Yrk City? B
A.New Yrk City faces a majr labr shrtage.
B.The immigratin plicy is t be n lnger valid.
C.Washingtn has annunced a new immigratin rule.
D.New Yrk City prvides them with better living cnditins.
(2)Which might be a Republican﹣cntrlled place? D
A.Washingtn,DC.
B.Philadelphia.
C.New Yrk City.
D.Texas.
(3)What des the underlined phrase "pleas fr" in the last paragraph mean? D
A.Supplies f.
B.Benefits f.
C.Rewards fr.
D.Demands fr.
(4)What is the mst suitable title fr the news reprt? B
A.New Yrk pens 60 emergency shelters.
B.New Yrk City hit by new immigrant flw.
C.New Yrk City needs help frm Washingtn.
D.New Yrk City's schl system enrlls many migrant students.
【考点】说明文;社会.
【答案】(1)﹣(4)BDDB
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。本文主要讲述了纽约受到移民潮冲击这一问题。由于资源缺乏,亚当斯指责联邦政府无视该市的援助请求,并指责国会中的共和党人和民主党人未能"举手"提供帮助。
【解答】(1)推理判断题。根据文章第一段Mayr Eric Adams' administratin warned that 10 t 15 buslads f migrants were expected t arrive this week due t the lifting f Title 42,a Trump﹣era public health rule passed in respnse t the COVID﹣19 pandemic.(市长埃里克•亚当斯(Eric Adams)的政府警告说,由于第42条(Title 42)的取消,预计本周将有10至15辆巴士的移民抵达。第42条是特朗普时代为回应新冠肺炎疫情而通过的公共卫生规则。)和第二段 Supreme Curt Chief Justice Jhn Rberts n Mnday temprarily blcked the Biden administratin frm ending the pandemic﹣era Title 42 immigratin plicy,leaving in dubt whether fficials will cntinue t drive ff migrants ver cncerns abut public health risks.Title 42 is set t expire(期满)n Wednesday.(最高法院首席大法官约翰•罗伯茨(Jhn Rberts)周一暂时阻止拜登政府结束疫情时代的第42条移民政策,令人怀疑官员们是否会出于对公共健康风险的担忧继续驱逐移民。第42条将于周三到期。)可知这么多移民应该到达纽约市,因为移民政策将不再有效。故选B。
(2)细节理解题。根据文章第四段 Seeking t draw the Biden administratin's attentin t the grwing immigrant crisis,Republican gvernrs f brder states such as Texas and Arizna have been shipping migrants t Demcratic﹣cntrlled cities such as New Yrk City,Philadelphia and Washingtn,DC.(为了吸引拜登政府对日益严重的移民危机的关注,得克萨斯州和亚利桑那州等边境州的共和党州长一直在将移民运往民主党控制的城市,如纽约市、费城和DC的华盛顿。)可知德克萨斯州可能是共和党控制的地方。故选D。
(3)猜测词义题。根据文章倒数第二段 Adams,wh declared a state f emergency ver the migrant influx in Octber,said in a statement n Sunday that if nthing changes and the plicy expires,the cst f absrbing new migrants was unsustainable and culd lead t cuts t existing city prgrams.(亚当斯在10月份宣布移民涌入进入紧急状态,他在周日的一份声明中表示,如果什么都不改变,政策到期,吸收新移民的成本是不可持续的,可能会导致现有城市项目的削减。)和最后一段Adams accused the federal gvernment f ignring the city's pleas fr aid and accused Republicans and Demcrats in Cngress f failing t "raise their hand" t help.(亚当斯指责联邦政府无视该市的援助请求,并指责国会中的共和党人和民主党人未能"举手"提供帮助。)可知pleas fr的意思是"请求,要求"。A.Supplies f.……的供应;B.Benefits f.……的好处;C.Rewards fr.奖励给……;D.Demands fr.对……的要求。故选D。
(4)标题归纳题。根据文章第一段Shrtly after 6 am n Mnday,buses carrying 200 immigrants rlled int Midtwn Manhattan frm Texas(周一早上6点过后不久,载有200名移民的巴士从德克萨斯州驶入曼哈顿中城)和最后一段Our shelter system is full,and we are nearly ut f mney,staff,and space.(我们的避难所系统已经满了,我们几乎没有资金、人员和空间。)可知本文主要讲述了纽约受到移民潮冲击这一问题。因此B.New Yrk City hit by new immigrant flw.(新移民潮冲击纽约市。)是本文的最佳标题。故选B。
【点评】一、速读全文,了解大意知主题。
阅读能力一般指阅读速度和理解能力两个方面。阅读速度是阅读最基本的能力,考生必须在十分有限的时间内运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速阅读,搜寻关键词、主题句,捕捉时空、顺序、情节、人物、观点,并且理清文章脉络,把握语篇实质。
二、看题干,带着问题读文章。
首先要掌握问题的类型,客观信息题可以从文章中直接找到答案;而主观判断题考查的是对文章的感情基调等,这类题必须经过对作者的态度、意图以及对整篇文章进行深一层的推理等。其次,了解试题题干以及各个选项所包含的信息,然后有针对性地对文章进行扫读,对有关信息进行快速定位。此法加强了阅读的针对性,提高了做题的准确率。
三、逻辑推理,做好深层理解题。
在实际阅读中,有时作者并未把意图说出来,阅读者要根据字面意思,通过语篇逻辑关系,研究细节的暗示,推敲作者的态度,理解文章的寓义。要求读者对文字的表面信息进行分析、挖掘和逻辑推理,不能就事论事,以偏概全。推理题在提问中常用的词有:infer,imply,suggest,indicate等。
四、猜词悟义,扫除阅读拦路虎。
猜词是应用英语的重要能力。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文,而且要有较大的泛读量,掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。我们要学会"顺藤摸瓜",通过构词,语法,定义,同位,对比,因果,常识,上下文等线索确定词义。
第二节根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
20.(12.5分)(2023春•深圳期中) Russians have made imprtant cntributins t the develpment f science and technlgy,which has changed ur daily life.Here are three Russian cntributins fr yu t read.
Ygurt
Ygurt has a lng histry.Many Bulgarians claim it,was accidentally discvered in the cuntry arund 4,000 years ag.But there was a Russian bilgist named Elie Metchnikff.(1) E
Metchnikff travelled t Bulgaria and fund a lt f peple wh were a hundred years ld r lder there.He then investigated the eating habits f residents and fund that they ften drank fermented (发酵的) milk.
He als read Bulgarian researcher Stamen Grigrv's research.In 1905,Grigrv discvered ne f the main bacteria in Bulgarian lactic acid bacteria (乳酸菌) respnsible fr transfrming milk int ygurt.
S Metchnikff came up with a thery that lactic acid is gd fr human health and prlngs human life. (2) C He lived t be 71,lnger than the average life expectancy at the time after cnsuming "untld gallns" f ygurt accrding t Time magazine.
Helicpter
Igr Ivanvich Sikrsky was brn n May 25,1889 in Kiev,which at the time was part f Russia.(3) D Bth f his parents were physicians,giving Sikrsky the scientific grunding that he needed t develp aircraft ideas.
In 1939,he achieved his gal.He cmpleted the VS﹣300,pilting the craft himself during its first flight.
Peridic table
Have yu ever memrized the peridic table f elements(元素周期表)?(4) F It is a single dcument that helps the study and research f chemistry.
On Feb.17,1689,Russian chemist Dmitri Mendeleev wrte dwn in a hurry the symbls fr the chemical elements.(5) G Thus,he invented the peridic table.
It was perhaps the greatest breakthrugh in the histry f chemistry.Indeed,nthing quite like it exists in the ther subjects f science,accrding t Scientific American.
A.Ygurt is usually very lw in fat.
B.They cntributed a lt t ur sciety.
C.And t prve it,he drank ygurt every day.
D.He became interested in flight at an early age.
E.He first made its health aspects clear t the public.
F.It is ne f the mst pwerful icns in science.
G.He put them in rder accrding t their atmic weights.
【考点】说明文;科普知识.
【答案】ECDFG
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了三个与俄罗斯相关的科学发明和发现。
【解答】(1)联系上文题。根据上文Ygurt has a lng histry.Many Bulgarians claim it,was accidentally discvered in the cuntry arund 4,000 years ag.But there was a Russian bilgist named Elie Metchnikff.(酸奶有着悠久的历史。许多保加利亚人声称它是在大约4000年前偶然发现的。但是有一个叫埃利•梅契尼科夫的俄罗斯生物学家。)可知,上文提到了一位生物学家,可知本句承接上文说明他对于酸奶的研究,E选项中He指代上文Elie Metchnikff。故E.He first made its health aspects clear t the public.(他首先向公众阐明了它的健康方面。)符合语境,故选E。
(2)细节理解题。根据上文S Metchnikff came up with a thery that lactic acid is gd fr human health and prlngs human life.(因此,梅契尼科夫提出了乳酸对人体健康有益、延长寿命的理论。)以及后文He lived t be 71,lnger than the average life expectancy at the time after cnsuming "untld gallns" f ygurt accrding t Time magazine.(据《时代》杂志报道,在喝了"数不清加仑"的酸奶后,他活到了71岁,超过了当时的平均预期寿命。)可知,Metchnikff为了证明乳酸对人体有益,每天都在喝酸奶。故C.And t prve it,he drank ygurt every day.(为了证明这一点,他每天都喝酸奶。)符合语境,故选C。
(3)联系下文题。根据后文Bth f his parents were physicians,giving Sikrsky the scientific grunding that he needed t develp aircraft ideas.(他的父母都是医生,这给了Sikrsky发展飞机想法所需的科学基础。)提到了给了Sikrsky发展飞机想法,可知本句是在说明Sikrsky对飞行感兴趣。故D.He became interested in flight at an early age.(他很小的时候就对飞行产生了兴趣。)符合语境,故选D。
(4)联系下文题。根据后文It is a single dcument that helps the study and research f chemistry.(这是一个单一的文件,有助于化学的学习和研究。)可知,本句应当是在说明元素周期表的重要性,F选项It指代上文the peridic table f elements。故F.It is ne f the mst pwerful icns in science.(它是科学界最有力的标志之一。)符合语境,故选F。
(5)细节理解题。根据上文On Feb.17,1689,Russian chemist Dmitri Mendeleev wrte dwn in a hurry the symbls fr the chemical elements.(1689年2月17日,俄国化学家门捷列夫匆忙写下了化学元素的符号。)以及后文Thus,he invented the peridic table.(因此,他发明了元素周期表。)可知,本句是在说明发明元素周期表的经过,先是写下元素符号,结合常识可知,元素周期表是按原子量排序的。故G.He put them in rder accrding t their atmic weights.(他把它们按原子量排序。)符合语境,故选G。
【点评】关于选句填空的做题步骤:
步骤一:快速浏览一遍备选答案,先确定哪个选项适合放在文章的什么位置。通常在以下位置:标题,句首,句中,句尾。不同位置的句子有不同的特征。
步骤二:快速浏览文章,确定文章体裁,抓住文章结构。
步骤三:分析篇章结构,找出各段的主题句或主旨大意。
步骤四:注意各选项中出现的句子衔接手段,寻找句中衔接标志词。
步骤五:区分相似项。
第三部分语言运用第一节阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
21.(15分)(2022秋•齐齐哈尔期末)My mther﹣in﹣law left us an unexpected and priceless gift.After she died,my husband and his sister were (1) A the cntents f her huse when they (2) B every letter that we had written t her during ur 46﹣year marriage.She als kept all the letters that my mther had written t her ver the years.
During the pandemic,I've had time t read these letters.I read f ur early married life,ur (3) A t have children and,especially,the (4) D f ur three children frm birth t adulthd.I began writing all these details fr my children,and nw they have details abut when they were small.I discvered much that I had(5) B
T read the letters written by my mther t my husband's mther is a (6) C .I wish that I had saved my mther's letters t me but nw I have these letters that tell me things abut my mther that I never knew.I see that Mm and my mther﹣in﹣law shared their great lve fr us,their children,and fr ur children,their grandchildren.
I cme frm a lng line f letter writers and was trained t stay in tuch with ur parents.My grandparents lved t receive letters frm acrss the (7) C .When I was (8) D fr a student exchange prgram abrad in 1970,my mther tld me that my grandfather kept my airmail letters in his shirt pcket and read them (9) B .Knwing this,I have tried my best t write t ur tw families(10) B T all f yu wh write t me,I thank yu.The handwritten wrd is a (11) A tl f friendship;it (12) D us tgether.
Perhaps the greatest gift that these letters have given t me is t see hw my husband's parents (13) C ur letters t them.The letters helped them knw their grandchildren and feel like part f ur lives.I shall file(存档) them fr ur children s that they can read the (14) C f ur lives and knw that they,t,were cherished.
(15) A writing t thse yu lve.Thse letters are ur greatest gifts t each ther.
【考点】记叙文;日常生活.
【答案】(1)﹣(5)ABADB(6)﹣(10)CCDBB(11)﹣(15)ADCCA
【分析】本文是一篇说明文阅读,文章主要讲述了作者在婆婆去世后发现了很多自己和丈夫写给婆婆的信,读着这些信作者回忆起很多生活的细节,作者认为手写的文字可以加强情感联系,是给彼此最好的礼物。
【解答】(1)考查动词短语及语境理解。A.ging thrugh经历;B.cutting ut剪下;C.hlding up举起,耽搁;D.shwing ff炫耀。她死后,就在我的丈夫和他的妹妹仔细检查(gng thrugh)她屋子里的物品的时候。故答案为A。
(2)考查动词及语境理解。A.addressed发表演讲;B.discvered发现;C.delivered递送;D.marked做记号。他们发现了(discvered)在我们46年婚姻期间我们写给她的每一封信件。故答案为B。
(3)考查名词及语境理解。A.struggle挣扎;B.rule规则;C.cautin谨慎;D.standard标准。我读到我们早期的婚姻生活、我们为生育孩子作出的努力奋斗(struggle)。故答案为A。
(4)考查名词及语境理解。A.habit习惯;B.emphasis强调;C.emtin情绪;D.prgress进步。尤其是我们三个孩子从出生到成年的过程(prgress)。故答案为D。
(5)考查动词及语境理解。A.repaired修理;B.frgtten忘记;C.earned赚得;D.invented发明。我发现了许多我遗忘的(frgtten)内容。故答案为B。
(6)考查名词及语境理解。A.burden负担;B.jke玩笑;C.gift礼物;D.pity同情。读我的妈妈写给我丈夫的母亲的信件就是一件礼物(gift)。故答案为C。
(7)考查名词及语境理解。A.grund地面;B.huse房子;C.cean海洋;D.street街道。我的祖父母喜欢收到来自大洋(cean)彼岸的信件。故答案为C。
(8)考查形容词及语境理解。A.inside里面的;B.arund周围的;C.free自由的;D.away离开的。当我在1970年作为交换生外出(away)学习的时候。故答案为D。
(9)考查副词及语境理解。A.carelessly粗心地;B.daily每天地;C.unwillingly不情愿地;D.sadly悲伤地。我的母亲告诉我我的祖父一直把我的航空信件保存在衬衫口袋里,每天(daily)都读。故答案为B。
(10)考查副词及语境理解。A.hurriedly匆忙地;B.regularly定期地;C.surprisingly令人惊讶地;D.frcefully强迫地。了解这个之后,我一直尽最大努力定期(regularly)给我们两个家庭写信。故答案为B。
(11)考查形容词及语境理解。A.pwerful强大的;B.cmplex复杂的;C.cnvenient方便的;D.frmal正式的。手写的文字是友谊的有力(pwerful)工具。故答案为A。
(12)考查动词及语境理解。A.bthers麻烦;B.thrws扔;C.cvers覆盖;D.cnnects联系。它把我们联系(cnnects)在一起。故答案为D。
(13)考查动词及语境理解。A.displayed展示;B.flded折叠;C.treasured珍惜;D.clarified分类。也许这些信件给我的最了不起的礼物是让我明白我丈夫的父母是如何珍惜(treasured)我们给他们的信件的。故答案为C。
(14)考查名词及语境理解。A.bredm无聊;B.cmfrt安慰;C.events事件;D.levels水平。以便他们能够读到我们生活中发生的事件(events)并且知道他们曾经也被珍爱过。故答案为C。
(15)考查动词及语境理解。A.Keep继续保持;B.Mind注意;C.Imagine想象;D.Stp停止。继续(Keep)给那些你爱的人写信。那些信件是我们给彼此的最了不起的礼物。故答案为A。
【点评】完形填空考查学生综合运用语言的能力。做题时,要先通读全文,掌握大意,然后结合选项,仔细阅读文章,选择最适合语境的词,注意上下文的呼应和语境。
第二节阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
22.(15分)(2023春•深圳期中)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Last week,I was invited t a dctr's meeting at the Rush Hspital.In ne f the rms a patient,wh was an ld man,gt up frm his bed and mved slwly twards me.I culd see that he hadn't a lng time t live,but he came up t me,and placed his right ft clse t mine n the flr.He cmpared his t mine and watched (1) intently (intent). "Frank!" I cried in surprise,but he tried t smile,all the time keeping his ft clse t mine.
My thughts raced back t mre than thirty years ag.My memry was (2) assciated (assciate) with the dark days f 1941,when I was a student in Lndn.The scene was an air﹣raid shelter(防空洞),in which abut a hundred peple slept every night.(3) Why we had t stay there was t make sure f ur safety.That was the reasn.Amng them were Mrs.West and her sn Frank.Why Frank interested me was (4) that he was nt nrmal.He had never been nrmal,ever since he was brn.His mther tld me he was 37 then,but he had less f a mind than a baby ,then 75,was a strng,able wman,as she had t be f curse,because Frank relied (5) n her cmpletely. (6) Raising (raise) her disabled sn was n easy jb.She was a representative f a kind and she devted (7) herself (she) t lking after him.
One night a pliceman came int ur shelter and tld Mrs.West that her huse (8) had been destryed (destry) already.That wasn't quite true.Thugh (9) damaged (damage) badly,their huse culd still be used because the Wests went n living there fr quite sme time.But they certainly lst nearly everything they wned.The (10) restratin (restre) f the buildings needed a lt f time.
I std beside Frank and measured my right ft against his.They were abut the same size.That night then,I tk a spare pair f shes t the shelter fr Frank.As sn as he saw me,he came running—and placed his right ft against mine.After that,he always greeted me in the same way.
【考点】记叙文;日常生活.
【答案】(1)intently(2)assciated(3)Why(4)that(5)n(6)Raising(7)herself(8)had been destryed(9)damaged(10)restratin
【分析】本文是记叙文。文章主要讲述作者受邀参加拉什医院的一个医生会议时遇到了一位熟人Frank,令作者回忆起了30年他们前相遇时的情景。
【解答】(1)考查副词。句意:他把他的和我的比了比,聚精会神地看着。此处用副词作状语修饰动词watched。故填intently。
(2)考查动词语态。句意:我的记忆与1941年的黑暗日子有关,当时我还是伦敦的一名学生。动词assciate和句子主语My memry之间是被动关系,且空前有was,故填assciated。
(3)考查主语从句。句意:我们要呆在那里的原因是为了确保我们的安全。分析句子结构和意思可知,空格处引导主语从句,表示"为什么",位于句首,首字母大写。故填Why。
(4)考查表语从句。句意:弗兰克之所以让我感兴趣,是因为他不正常。分析句子结构和意思可知,空格处引导was的表语从句,不缺成分和含义,故填that。
(5)考查固定短语。句意:当时75岁的维斯特夫人是一个坚强、能干的女人,这当然是她必须要做的,因为弗兰克完全依赖她。rely n表示"依赖,依靠"。故填n。
(6)考查动名词。句意:抚养她残疾的儿子可不是件容易的事。此处用动名词作主语,位于句首,首字母大写。故填Raising。
(7)考查反身代词。句意:她是一个善良的代表,她全心全意地照顾他。分析句子结构和意思可知,这里需要反身代词,作宾语,意为"她自己"。故填herself。
(8)考查时态及语态。句意:一天晚上,一名警察来到我们的避难所,告诉维斯特夫人她的房子已经被摧毁了。分析句子结构和意思可知,destry发生在主句谓语tld之前,动词和句子主语her huse是被动关系,所以用过去完成时的被动结构。故填had been destryed。
(9)考查省略句。句意:尽管被损坏的很严重,但他们的房子仍然可以使用,因为西方人在那里住了很长一段时间。此处为thugh引导的让步状语从句的省略,省略了主语their huse与be动词,damage和句子主语their huse是逻辑上的动宾关系,所以用过去分词形式,故填damaged。
(10)考查不可数名词。句意:这些建筑的修复需要很多时间。分析句子结构和意思可知,这里需要名词restratin,作主语,意为"修复",是不可数名词。故填restratin。
【点评】语法填空考查学生英语综合知识的运用,做题时要首先明确短文大意,从词语搭配,固定句型,语法,时态等方面综合考虑,结合上下文语境找出正确答案。
第三节用所给单词的正确形式完成句子(每空一词)
23.(1分)(2023春•深圳期中)I've had a lifelng fascinatin (fascinate) with the sea and with small bats. (用所给词的适当形式填空)
【考点】名词作主宾表定补.
【答案】fascinatin
【分析】我一生都对大海和小船着迷。
【解答】fascinate动词,意为"迷住,入迷";分析句子可知,空处被lifelng修饰,作had的宾语,应用fascinate的名词形式fascinatin,意为"着迷",且空前有a lifelng,fascinatin用单数形式。
故填:fascinatin。
【点评】考查词性转换,准确地理解句子、翻译句子,根据提示确定所填单词词性,然后根据句意并仔细分析句子结构,根据相应的语法知识对所给单词进行正确变形。
24.(1分)(2023春•深圳期中)This district is getting mre and mre prsperus (prsper) and attractive. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【考点】形容词作表语.
【答案】prsperus
【分析】这个地区越来越繁荣,越来越有吸引力。
【解答】prsper(繁荣)是动词,分析句子结构和意思可知,这里需要形容词prsperus,和后面的attractive一起作表语。
故填:prsperus。
【点评】考查词性转换,准确地理解句子、翻译句子,根据提示确定所填单词词性,然后根据句意并仔细分析句子结构,根据相应的语法知识对所给单词进行正确变形。
25.(1分)(2023春•深圳期中)We are prfundly (prfund) affected by what happens t us in ur childhd. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【考点】副词修饰动词.
【答案】prfundly
【分析】童年时发生的事情深深地影响着我们。
【解答】prfund(深刻的)是形容词,此处修饰动词affected应用副词prfundly。
故填:prfundly。
【点评】考查词性转换,准确地理解句子、翻译句子,根据提示确定所填单词词性,然后根据句意并仔细分析句子结构,根据相应的语法知识对所给单词进行正确变形。
26.(1分)(2023春•深圳期中)He always has sympathy fr thse hmeless wretches (wretch). (所给词的适当形式填空)
【考点】可数名词及其单复数.
【答案】wretches
【分析】他总是同情那些无家可归的可怜人。
【解答】wretch名词,意为"可怜的人,不幸的人";根据thse可知用复数形式。
故填:wretches。
【点评】考查词性转换,准确地理解句子、翻译句子,根据提示确定所填单词词性,然后根据句意并仔细分析句子结构,根据相应的语法知识对所给单词进行正确变形。
27.(1分)(2023春•深圳期中)S much emphasis (emphasize) is placed n the schl as a transmitter f mral values. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【考点】名词作主宾表定补.
【答案】emphasis
【分析】学校作为道德价值观的传递者受到了如此多的重视。
【解答】emphasize动词,意为"强调,重视";分析句子结构和意思可知,这里需要名词,emphasize的名词是emphasis,意为"强调,重要性",作主语,much修饰该名词,是不可数名词。
故填:emphasis。
【点评】考查词性转换,准确地理解句子、翻译句子,根据提示确定所填单词词性,然后根据句意并仔细分析句子结构,根据相应的语法知识对所给单词进行正确变形。
28.(1分)(2023春•深圳期中)He's quite dedicated (dedicate) t his students and s he has wn their appreciatin. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【考点】形容词作表语.
【答案】dedicated
【分析】他对学生非常忠诚,因此赢得了他们的赞赏。
【解答】dedicate动词,意为"奉献";分析句子结构,空白处在句子中做表语表示属性,使用形容词,因句子的主语是he,所以空白处应填V﹣ed形式的形容词。
故填:dedicated。
【点评】考查词性转换,准确地理解句子、翻译句子,根据提示确定所填单词词性,然后根据句意并仔细分析句子结构,根据相应的语法知识对所给单词进行正确变形。
29.(1分)(2023春•深圳期中)The cst f living in Eurpe has increased dramatically (dramatic). (所给词的适当形式填空)
【考点】副词修饰动词.
【答案】dramatically
【分析】欧洲的生活成本急剧上升。
【解答】dramatic形容词,意为"戏剧性的,戏剧的,巨大的",分析可知,此处修饰动词has increased,应用副词,dramatic的副词是dramatically,作状语。
故填:dramatically。
【点评】考查词性转换,准确地理解句子、翻译句子,根据提示确定所填单词词性,然后根据句意并仔细分析句子结构,根据相应的语法知识对所给单词进行正确变形。
30.(1分)(2023春•深圳期中)His sudden departure (depart) threw the ffice int chas.
【考点】名词词义辨析.
【答案】departure
【分析】他的突然离去使办公室一片混乱。
【解答】depart"离开",句中缺少主语,用名词作主语,departure是不可数名词。
故填:departure。
【点评】考查单词填空,准确地理解句子、翻译句子,然后根据句意及提示确定所填单词词性,对于动词要首先分辨是谓语还是非谓,若是谓语,则要注意时态语态和主谓一致;若是非谓则要考查主被动或是不定式;名词要注意单复数,正确写出单词完成句子,使句意更通顺。
31.(1分)(2023春•深圳期中)Why are yu s mysterius (mystery)?Why dn't yu tell me all the truth? (所给词的适当形式填空)
【考点】形容词作表语.
【答案】mysterius
【分析】你为什么这么神秘?你为什么不把真相都告诉我?
【解答】mystery名词,意为"神秘,谜";分析句子可知,设空处应填形容词,作表语,mystery的形容词形式是"mysterius",意为"神秘的",形容词词性。
故填:mysterius。
【点评】考查词性转换,准确地理解句子、翻译句子,根据提示确定所填单词词性,然后根据句意并仔细分析句子结构,根据相应的语法知识对所给单词进行正确变形。
32.(1分)(2023春•深圳期中)T expse (expsure) smething that is usually hidden means t uncver it s that it can be seen. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【考点】不定式的一般式.
【答案】expse
【分析】暴露通常被隐藏的东西是指揭开它,使它能被看到。
【解答】expsure名词,意为"暴露";分析句子结构可知,空前是t是不定式的标志,所以空处应填动词原形,expsure的动词形式是expse。
故填:expse。
【点评】考查词性转换,准确地理解句子、翻译句子,根据提示确定所填单词词性,然后根据句意并仔细分析句子结构,根据相应的语法知识对所给单词进行正确变形。
第四部分写作第一节应用文写作
33.(15分)(2023春•深圳期中)假如你是李华,你校国际部的交流生Tm给你发来电子邮件,说他在即将到来的考试前出现了忧虑、头痛、睡眠差等情况,请你给他发一封电子邮件提出你的建议,内容包括:
(1)说明考试的目的;
(2)为考试做好必要的准备;
(3)注意健康饮食、运动和睡眠等。
注意:
(1)词数80左右;
(2)邮件开头已为你写好(不计入总词数)。
Dear Tm,
I have received yur email saying that yu are wrried abut the cming exam.__________
Yurs,
Li Hua
【考点】书信类.
【答案】Dear Tm,
I have received yur email saying that yu are wrried abut the cming exam.
In my pinin,it's imprtant fr yu t have a right attitude twards exams.They are nly a means f checking hw yu are getting alng with yur studies,s there is n need t wrry t much abut the results.Yu shuld study hard every day and make gd preparatins fr exams.In this way yu can avid suffering frm the pressure f exams.Besides,yu'd better g ut fr a walk r d sme utdr exercise s that yu can keep yurself relaxed and then cncentrate yurself n exams.What's mre,having enugh sleep can make yu energetic and enable yu t perfrm well in an exam.
I wish yu success in the exam.
Yurs,
Li Hua
【分析】高分句型一:They are nly a means f checking hw yu are getting alng with yur studies,s there is n need t wrry t much abut the results.
翻译:它们只是检查你学习情况的一种手段,因此不必太担心结果。
分析:本句使用了hw引导的宾语从句。
高分句型二:What's mre,having enugh sleep can make yu energetic and enable yu t perfrm well in an exam.
翻译:此外,充足的睡眠可以使你精力充沛,使你在考试中表现出色。
分析:本句使用了动名词短语having enugh sleep作主语。
【解答】Dear Tm,
I have received yur email saying that yu are wrried abut the cming exam.(写信目的)
In my pinin,it's very imprtant fr yu t have a right attitude twards exams.They are nly a means f checking hw yu are getting alng with yur studies,s there is n need t wrry t much abut the results.【高分句型一】Yu shuld study hard every day and make gd preparatins fr exams.In this way yu can avid suffering frm the pressure f exams.Besides,yu'd better g ut fr a walk r d sme utdr exercise s that yu can keep yurself relaxed and then cncentrate yurself n exams.What's mre,having enugh sleep can make yu energetic and enable yu t perfrm well in an exam.【高分句型二】(具体建议)
I wish yu success in the exam.(愿望)
Yurs,
Li Hua
【点评】提纲作文在写作时要注意内容是否包含了所有要点。写作时注意准确运用时态,上下文意思连贯,符合逻辑关系,尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式,同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次,平时需注意积累短语和重要句型。
第二节 读后续写
34.(20分)(2023春•深圳期中) Tm appeared in frnt f the huse with a can f paint and a big brush.He was ging t paint Aunt Ply's fence as he was asked t.A deep sadness settled upn his heart.The fence was lng and tall.He dipped the brush int the can and mved it alng the first plank (板条) unwillingly.He did it again and again.The painted part was very small but the whle fence was endless.He felt tired and sleepy and stpped painting.
Just then Tm heard a nise.He recgnized it easily.It came frm ne f his schlmates,Ben,wh wuld make strange nises as he ate.Ben was walking by and eating an apple.At that mment,a wnderful idea came t Tm and he began t,cheer up.He wanted first t aruse Ben's interest and then let Ben wrk fr him.If ther bys passed by,he wuld d the same t them. "Maybe they even need t give me smething fr getting the chance t shw their ability," he thught.
He quickly tk his brush and painted quietly.Ben saw Tm,walked up t him and greeted him with a wide smile.
Cntinuing with his painting,Tm intentinally did nt lk at Ben.He wished fr his plan t wrk and therefre,he did nt turn arund frm his wrk.Tm mved his brush gently and slwly,all the while taking n ntice f Ben.Ben went clser and taunted (奚落)Tm, "Tm,it's unfrtunate that yu have wrk t d.I'm ging swimming.Dn't yu wish yu culd g,t?"
Tm turned suddenly. "Oh,Ben.I didn't see yu.What d yu mean by 'unfrtunate'?It may be wrk but it may nt be."
"D yu mean that yu enjy it?" Ben asked,feeling puzzled.
"Of curse!Hw ften d we get the chance t be in charge f painting a whle fence?" said Tm.Mving his brush and stepping away,Tm lked at the end result prudly.
Ben went clser t Tm,seeming curius.He stpped eating his applet watched Trn and became mre and mre interested.He then begged Tm t allw him t paint the fence.He even ffered Tm his half﹣eaten apple.Tm directly refused and said, "Aunt Ply wants this main fence t be perfect.If it were the fence behind the huse,yu culd help,but this main fence alng the street must be dne very carefully.Everyne can see it.There is ht ne by in a thusand wh can d it well."
注意:
(1)续写词数应为100左右;
(2)请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Again and again,Ben insisted n (坚持) being given the chance t have a try._______
【考点】读后续写.
【答案】Again and again,Ben insisted n (坚持) being given the chance t have a try.Finally,Tm "reluctantly" handed Ben the brush and sat under the tree watching Ben wrk fr him.The ther bys came ver and stpped t laugh,but eventually,like Ben,they t wanted t paint the fence.Tm was excited.Every by gives sme kind f reward fr his wrk.By then,Tm's plan had already been very effective.The entire fence was nt nly beautifully painted,but als Tm didn't sweat at all.Mre imprtantly,he als received sme incme.At last Tm tk his reward and went hme happily.
【分析】本文以人物为线索展开,讲述了Tm要按照保利姨妈的要求给她的篱笆刷漆,但是Tm很不情愿,于是他想了个办法让自己的同学Ben来完成这一项工作。
高分句型一:Finally,Tm "reluctantly" handed Ben the brush and sat under the tree watching Ben wrk fr him.
翻译:最后,汤姆"不情愿"地把刷子递给本,坐在树下看着本为他工作。
分析:本句运用了现在分词短语watching Ben wrk fr him作状语。
高分句型二:The entire fence was nt nly beautifully painted,but als Tm didn't sweat at all.
翻译:整个栅栏不仅漆得很漂亮,而且汤姆一点也不出汗。
分析:本句运用了固定搭配"nt als不但……而且"。
【解答】Again and again,Ben insisted n (坚持) being given the chance t have a try.Finally,Tm "reluctantly" handed Ben the brush and sat under the tree watching Ben wrk fr him. 【高分句型一】The ther bys came ver and stpped t laugh,but eventually,like Ben,they t wanted t paint the fence.Tm was excited.Every by gives sme kind f reward fr his wrk.By then,Tm's plan had already been very effective.The entire fence was nt nly beautifully painted,but als Tm didn't sweat at all.【高分句型二】Mre imprtantly,he als received sme incme.At last Tm tk his reward and went hme happily.(描写Ben渴望做这项工作,Tm假装不情愿让Ben干活。整个篱笆都刷得很漂亮,Tm一点也没出汗。他甚至还得到了一些收入)
【点评】(1)品读原文,确定文章线索
每篇文章都有各自独特的写作思路,通过精读文章,找到该篇文章的写作线索。如是以时间为线索还是以空间为线索等这样有利于考生"顺藤摸瓜(结尾)"。
(2)仔细审题,明确续写要求
一般短文后面的"注意"都有对此次短文续写的具体要求,如词数限制使用几处标有下划线的关键词语。续写段落的首句提示,这样考生可以做到"心中有数"。
(3)回扣原文,揣摩续写思路
根据文章后面的要求,再次快速阅读短文,抓住文章的思路结合段首的提示语最终确定续写段落的思路。同时结合文章画线词语提示,确定续写段落的内容。
(4)拟写草稿,修改错词病句
在确定了思路和内容之后,最关键的就是结合提示语或者文中画线的关键词拟写草稿。拟写时,注意句子结构的多样性,语言的丰富性,并通过句与句之间连接词的正确使用,使上下文连贯。
考点卡片
1.名词词义辨析
【考点介绍】
名词是指人、地点、事物、行为、品质、抽象概念、感情等的名称的词。名词可分为专有名词和普通名词两大类。普通名词又可分为个体名词、集体名词、物质名词和抽象名词。一般地说,个体名词和集体名词是可数的,称为可数名词,有单、复数之分;物质名词和抽象名词是不可数的,称为不可数名词,通常只有单数,但在某些具体情况下也可以用复数。该考点通常出现在单项选择题、完形填空题等题型中,主要涉及形近或义近的名词在词义、用法、搭配等方面的比较和辨析,目的是考查考生的词汇掌握程度和语境理解能力。
1.专有名词:表示特定的、独一无二的人或物(人名、地名、国家名、景观名等)。
2.普通名词:
(1)个体名词
用来表示单个人或事物的名词.如:astrnaut,building等.
(2)集体名词
用来指一群人或一些事物总称的名词.如:family,grup等.
(3)物质名词
用来指无法分为个体的物质、材料的名词.如:water,rice等.
(4)抽象名词
用来指人或事物的品质、情感、状态等,抽象概念的词的名词.如:health,educatin等.
【典型例题】
The watch is still under ______.Yu can have it repaired free f charge.( )
A.prtectin B.Cntrl C.bservatin D.guarantee
分析:这块表还在保修期内。您的表可以免费得到修理。
解答:A.prtectin保护;B.cntrl控制;C.bservatin观察;遵守D.guarantee保证。根据句意"这块表还在保修期内。您的表可以免费得到修理。"可知,固定短语under guarantee"在保修期内"符合题意。
故选:D。
点评:考查名词词义辨析,弄清楚各个名词的含义并区别各个名词之间的差异,了解某些名词的特殊用法,然后结合语境选择正确答案。
【解题思路】
1.理解题意:仔细阅读题干,理解题目所给出的语境,确定需要辨析的名词。
2.比较选项:将选项中的名词进行比较,找出它们之间的相似和不同之处。
3.考虑搭配:考虑名词与其他词汇的搭配,例如形容词、动词等,以及它们在句子中的语法功能。
4.考虑语境:根据题目所给出的语境,结合上下文,选择符合语境的名词。
2.介词短语
【考点介绍】
介词短语是介词和其它代词或名词或词组搭配形成的短语。口语上简称"介短"。该短语主要是用来表示词与词,词与句之间的关系。该考点主要涉及介词短语的定义、构成和用法,一直是高考的热点之一。由于介词短语用法灵活,搭配较多,考生掌握起来有一定难度。这个考点通常出现在单项选择题、完形填空题等题型中,主要考查考生对介词短语的掌握程度和应用能力。
1.常用的介词短语:accrding t,because f,instead f,up t,due t,wing t,thanks t等等
2.介词短语的五种结构:
(1)介词+名词:at the dr,int the bag
(2)介词+代词:fr me,f thers
(3)介词+动名词:in ding s,t my saying that
(4)介词+连接副词/连接代词/what从句:ver what he had better d
(5)介词+连接副词/连接代词+不定式:n hw t d this
【典型例题】
Sme inventins tday are brilliantly designed,but ______ functin,they are nt very practical.( )
A.accrding tB.in charge f
C.in terms fD.due t
分析:今天的一些发明设计得很出色,但就功能而言,它们并不是很实用。
解答:A.accrding t根据;B.in charge f负责;C.in terms f在……方面,就……而言;D.due t由于。根据前后文句意可知,此处指"就功能而言,并不实用"。
故选:C。
点评:本题考查介词短语辨析。学生需正确理解句意,根据关键词句判断空处表达的含义。掌握备选短语的中文意思是解答本题的关键。
【解题思路】
1.了解介词短语的定义和构成:介词短语是由一个介词和它的宾语一起构成的。宾语可以是名词、代词、短语等。
2.理解介词短语的分类:根据介词的种类和用途,可以将介词短语分为时间介词短语、地点介词短语和方式介词短语等。
3.掌握介词短语的用法:介词短语可以在句子中作定语、状语等成分,其用法要根据句子的结构和语境来确定。
4.注意介词短语与动词短语、名词短语的区分:在解题时,要特别注意介词短语与动词短语、名词短语的区分,避免混淆。
5.结合具体语境分析:对于一些涉及介词短语的题目,要结合具体语境进行分析,理解介词短语的真正含义和用法。
3.动词短语
【考点介绍】
动词短语就是有些动词可以和一些别的词构成短语(以动词为中心),表达一个概念,其作用和一个单独动词差不多的一种固定搭配.在实际使用中,通常会把动词短语当成一个整体。该考点主要涉及动词短语的定义、构成和用法。这个考点通常出现在单项选择题、完形填空题、写作等题型中,主要考查考生对动词短语的掌握程度和应用能力。
动词短语的构成:
(1)动词+副词:在"动词+副词"的词组中宾语位置有两种情况:宾语如是名词,则可置于副词后面,亦可置于动词和副词之间.而如果宾语是代词,只能置于动词后面,即动词和副词之间.
解答:分析句子,结合选项,推测意思是首先放一些盐在水里,然后搅拌它们.这里salt是不可数名词,用it指代,放在中间,故选C.
(2)动词+副词+介词:在这类动词短语中,动词、副词、介词紧密结合,是动副词组和动介词组的合成体,词义上相当于一个及物动词.它兼有以上两类短语动词的特点,但宾语总是位于介词之后.
(3)动词+名词:这类动词短语中的常见动词是have,take,give,make等,后面的名词通常是从动词转化而来的动作名词,并表达了短语动词的真正意义.
(4)be+形容词+介词:be+形容词(包括过去分词作形容词)+介词相当于及物动词,宾语位于介词后面,形容词是短语动词的真正词义.
【典型例题】
The platfrm will negtiate (协商) with htel peratrs t ______ a prper slutin fr bth sides.( )
A.wrk utB.help utC.put utD.break ut
分析:该平台将与酒店运营商协商,为双方制定一个合适的解决方案。
解答:A.wrk ut找到(解决方法);制定;B.help ut帮助;C.put ut熄灭;D.break ut爆发。根据a prper slutin可知,此处是指制定合适的解决方案。
故选:A。
点评:本题考查短语辨析。学生需正确理解句意,根据关键词句判断空处表达的含义。掌握备选短语的中文意思是解答本题的关键。
【解题思路】
1.了解动词短语的构成:动词短语由一个动词和它的宾语、补足语、状语等一起构成。
2.理解动词短语的分类:根据构成的差异,可以将动词短语分为及物动词短语和不及物动词短语。有些动词短语是固定的,不能拆开使用,而有些则可以拆开使用。
3.掌握动词短语的用法:动词短语可以在句子中作谓语或非谓语动词,其用法要根据句子的结构和语境来确定。
4.结合具体语境分析:对于一些涉及动词短语的题目,要结合具体语境进行分析,理解动词短语的真正含义和用法。
4.可数名词及其单复数
【考点介绍】
可数名词是指可以计数或分割成单个实体的名词。在英语中,可数名词有单数和复数两种形式,单数形式是指单个实体,复数形式则是指多个实体。正确使用可数名词的单复数形式是英语语言能力的重要组成部分。
可数名词的复数形式变化规则:
注意:
(1)以﹣s结尾的学科类名词,一般是不可数名词.如:maths,physics,plitics等.
(2)表示由两部分构成的物体的名词,其形式上可数,若表达具体数目时,要借助数量词pair来表示,其单复数形式取决于pair的单复数形式.如:a pair f trusers一条裤子.
(3)以复数形式出现的书名、剧名、报纸、杂志名词,看作单数名词.如:The New Yrk Times(《纽约时报》);The Arabian Nights(《一千零一夜》).
(4)以﹣s结尾表示国家、组织或公司名称的专有名词,通常被看作单数.如:the United States(美利坚合众国);the United Natins(联合国).
(5)以﹣s结尾表示群岛、山脉、瀑布等自然景观的专有名词,通常被看作复数.如:the Huanggushu Falls(黄果树瀑布);the Olympic Games(奥林匹克运动会).
(6)复合名词的复数形式分为两种:一是只将主体名词变为复数形式;二是如果是man,wman与其他名词组成的复合名词,那么两个名词都要变为复数形式.如:an apple tree,tw apple trees,a wman teacher,sme wmen teachers.
【典型例题】
After careful analysis,the scientists can prvide useful ________ (recmmend) and suggestins fr farmers.
分析:经过仔细分析,科学家可以为农民提供有用的提议和建议。
解答:recmmend"推荐",动词;根据useful可知形容词修饰名词,recmmendatin意为"建议",可数名词,此处表示泛指,名词使用复数形式。
故填:recmmendatins。
点评:考查词性转换,准确地理解句子、翻译句子,根据提示确定所填单词词性,然后根据句意并仔细分析句子结构,根据相应的语法知识对所给单词进行正确变形。
【解题思路】
1.识别可数名词:可数名词通常具有具体的实体形态,例如人、物、动物等。另外,一些抽象概念也可以被视为可数名词,例如想法、情感等。
2.掌握单复数形式的变换规则:一般来说,大多数可数名词的复数形式是在单数形式的基础上添加"s"或"es",但也有一些特殊的变换规则。
3.注意语境:可数名词的单复数形式使用往往与语境密切相关。在一些情况下,需要根据上下文和语境来判断使用单数还是复数形式。
5.名词作主宾表定补
【考点介绍】
名词在句中可以用作主语、宾语、表语、定语、同位语和补语。这些用法在语法和语义上都有不同的特点。如:
1.作主语
Our agent in Lndn sent a mail this afternn.今天下午我们在伦敦的代理发来一封邮件。
2.作宾语
1)作动词的直接宾语
Jack sent a package frm Lndn this afternn.杰克今天下午从伦敦寄来一个包裹。
2)作动词的间接宾语
Jack sent his bss an email.杰克给他的老板发了一封电子邮件。
3)作介词的宾语
I read abut the news in the Frtune Magazine.我在财富杂志上看到的这个消息。
3.作表语
Jenny is ur guest.珍妮是我们的客人。
4.作定语(通常采用单数形式)
I gt the stry bk as a present frm my grandmther when I was 5.我五岁时祖母送给我了一本故事书作为礼物。
5.作同位语
Jack, a BBC reprter,asked fr an interview.杰克,BBC的记者,要求采访。
6.作补语
The dctr made me his assistant.医生让我成为他的助手。
【典型例题】
There are nly tw ______ assistants in that ______ shp.( )
A.wman;she
B.wmen;she
C.wman;shes
D.wmen;shes
分析:在那家鞋店只有两个女助理。
解答:wman作定语时,若要修饰的词是复数,则wman需要变为复数。she作定语用单数。
故选:B。
点评:掌握并熟练运用名词作定语是解答此题的关键。
【解题思路】
1.确定句子结构:在分析名词用法时,首先要确定句子结构,了解主语、宾语、表语、定语和补语在句子中的位置和作用。
2.识别动词:名词在句子中的用法往往与动词有关。识别动词可以帮助你确定名词在句子中的角色。
3.理解语义:理解句子的语义可以帮助你判断名词的正确用法。
4.熟悉固定短语:某些名词在固定短语中经常使用。
5.上下文推断:根据上下文的语境,有时可以推断出名词的正确用法。
6.n-类复合不定代词的用法
【考点介绍】
n﹣类复合不定代词包括n ne、nthing、nbdy等,它们在句子中通常用作主语、宾语、表语等,表示没有任何人或事物。
1.用法:
1)作主语
Nthing else matters t him apart frm his jb.
对他来说,除了工作以外,什么事都无关紧要。
2)作宾语
It cst us nthing t g in.
我们没花钱就进去了。
3)作表语,例:
That's nthing.
没什么.
I'm nt smebdy,I'm nbdy.
我不是重要人物,我是个无名小卒.
2.易混淆点:
n ne与nne的用法
n ne 意为"没有人",只能指人,不可指物.常用于回答wh引导的问句.它不可与介词f连用.如:
﹣Wh is in the classrm?
﹣N ne.
nne既可指人,也可指物.它强调数量,意为"一点也不,一个也不".常用于回答hw much和hw many引导的问句.nne还可与介词f连用.与f连用时,通常指"三者以上的人或事物中没有一个".如:
﹣Hw much water is there in the bttle?
﹣Nne.
They were all tired,but nne f them wuld stp t have a rest.
【典型例题】
D yu lve yur parents?
—Yes,f curse.________ (A.Nthing B.Anything) in my life is mre imprtant than them.
分析:﹣﹣﹣你爱你的父母吗? ﹣﹣﹣是的,当然。我生命中没有什么比他们更重要。
解答:根据句意"我生命中没有什么比他们更重要。"可知要填的词为"没有什么",所以用nthing,放在句首,所以开头字母要大写。
故选:A。
点评:需要在平时的学习中,牢固掌握各语言点及一些语法知识。
【解题思路】
1.确定语境:分析句子或上下文,理解n﹣类复合不定代词所指的具体内容或对象。
2.注意用法:根据句子结构和语境,选择正确的n﹣类复合不定代词形式。
3.注意数的变化:n﹣类复合不定代词通常表示单数的概念,但在特定的语境中也可以表示复数。
7.形容词作表语
【考点介绍】
该考点主要涉及到形容词在句子中作为表语的作用和位置。形容词作表语主要是用来描述主语的状态或性质,通常放在系动词后面。
1.位置
形容词作表语常位于连系动词后:be(是),lk(看起来),feel(摸起来),smell(闻起来),taste(尝起来),sund(听起来),get/becme/grw (变得),g/ cme (变),remain(保持)等。
Our English teacher is yung and strng.我们英语老师又年轻又强壮。
I'm glad t meet yu again.很高兴又见到你。
The dishes taste delicius那几道菜味道美极了。
2.只能用作表语的形容词
大多数形容词可以用作定语或表语,但有些形容词只能用作表语。
1)以"a﹣"开头的形容词:
asleep睡着的,afraid害怕的,awake醒着的,alne孤单的,alive活着的,ashamed羞耻的,alike 相似的
I am afraid I can't g with yu.恐怕我不能跟你去。
She is asleep nw.她现在睡着了。
2)cntent,ill,drunk,sure,liable,unable,well等词。
The film is wrth seeing.电影值得看。
I am nt feeling well nw.我现在感觉不舒服。
【典型例题】
He says he is unable t give up smking.He is cmpletely_________.( )
A.addicted
B.addictive
C.addictin
D.addicting
分析:他说他戒不掉烟。他完全上瘾了。
解答:A.addicted上瘾的(形容词);B.addictive使人上瘾的(形容词);C.addictin毒瘾(名词);D.addicting使沉溺(addict的现在分词形式)。根据句意和空格前的副词cmpletely分析句子可知,空格处应该填入一个形容词作表语,且意义为"上瘾的",所以A正确。
故选:A。
点评:单项选择是一种容量大、考查面广的题型。它可集中考查词法、句法、语法知识。因此在各级各类考试中,单项选择是必不可少的题型。解答单项选择题,一般要经过四个阶段:阅读审题—观察分析—选择判断—复查验证。
【解题思路】
1.确定形容词的位置:形容词通常放在系动词后面,作为表语。
2.理解句意:形容词作为表语用来描述主语的状态或性质。
3.选择正确选项:基于以上理解,你可以从选项中选择正确的答案。
8.副词修饰动词
【考点介绍】
副词在句子中通常位于动词之后,形容词之前。其主要功能是修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或整个句子,在句子中主要用来表示时间、地点、程度等。正确使用副词可以增强句子的清晰度和准确性,使语言表达更加生动有力。
1.位置
当副词用来修饰动词的时候,一般情况下要放在动词的前面。句子中有be动词和助动词的时候,副词要放在be动词和助动词的后面;当句子中有多个助动词的时候,副词要放在第一个助动词的后面。但是有一些副词是比较特殊的,只能在句尾。比如:well (好的)、badly (糟糕的)、hard (努力地、深地)等等。如:
My spken English is well in my class.我的英语口语在我们班是不错的。
Yu shuld say it clearly,d yu understand?你明白,你要说清楚吗?
2.多个副词修饰动词时的排序
当我们遇到一个句子中有多个副词的时候,我们要按照一定的顺序来排列。当时间、地点副词在一起的时候,要遵守"小单位的在前,大单位在后"的原则。当多个方式副词在一起的时候,要遵守"短的在前,长的在后'原则,且要用and、but等词来连接。如:
Yu shuld d yur hmewrk quickly and carefully.你应该又快又仔细地完成你的作业。
I like reading nvels very much.我非常喜欢阅读。Yu shuld eat enugh fruit in yur dinner.你应该在晚饭的时候吃足够的水果。
【典型例题】
Children will ask all kinds f questins________ when they see and hear everything.( )
A.curius
B.curiusly
C.curisity
D.with curius
分析:孩子们所见所闻都会好奇地问各种各样的问题。
解答:空处修饰动词ask,要用副词curiusly修饰,表示"好奇地"。
故选:B。
点评:本题考查副词的用法。学生需正确理解句意,判断空处在句中的成分,从而使用单词的正确形式。
【解题思路】
1.确定句子中的动词:在找到副词修饰的动词之前,首先要确定句子中的动词。
2.找到修饰动词的副词:副词通常位于动词附近,用于描述动词的行为或状态。
3.分析副词的作用:分析副词在句子中的作用,判断其是否修饰动词。如果副词修饰动词,则该副词是正确答案的可能性较大。
4.确定答案:根据题目要求,从选项中选择与所给句子中副词作用相符的选项作为答案。
9.不定式的一般式
【考点介绍】
不定式的一般式是一种非谓语动词形式,其结构为"t+动词原形",其中t是其符号,它没有人称和数的变化.动词不定式在句子中可以用作主语、表语、宾语、补足语、定语、状语等。不定式的一般式是指表示的动作通常与主要谓语的动作同时或几乎同时发生,或是在它之后发生。
用法:
1.表示将来(即表示发生在谓语动作之后的动作)
We decided t leave early.我们决定早点动身。
I hpe t finish reading the bk tnight.我希望今晚看这本书。
2.表示同时(表示与谓语动作同时发生的动作)
He seems t be tired.他似乎累了。
3.表示过去(表示略先于谓语动作的动作)
I' m srry t hear that.听到这事我很难过。(t hear略先于am srry)
Helen was pleased t see him.海伦见到他很高兴。
【典型例题】
I asked Gerge t g thrugh the cmpsitin I'd just finished ______ any pssible mistakes in it.( )
A.crrecting
B.t crrect
C.crrect
D.crrected
分析:我让乔治把我刚写完的作文通读一遍,改正里面可能的错误。
解答:A.crrecting纠正,动名词或现在分词;B.t crrect纠正,不定式的一般式;C.crrect纠正,动词原形;D.crrected纠正,过去分词。分析句子结构可知,I'd just finished是定语从句,修饰先行词the cmpsitin;结合句意可知,我让乔治把我刚写完的作文通读一遍是为了改正里面可能的错误,故空处填不定式,表目的。
故选:B。
点评:先分析选项的意思和用法,再结合句意和相关语法选出正确的答案。
【解题思路】
1.确定语境:在解题时,首先要确定句子所处的语境,包括句子结构、时态、语态等。
2.查找不定式:在语境中确定需要使用不定式的部分,注意是不带t的不定式。
3.选择正确的形式:根据题目要求,选择不定式的一般式。通常情况下,不定式的一般式是动词的原形,但在一些特殊情况下,会有一些变化。比如,在情态动词后、某些动词后(如d、have、expect等)作为宾语补足语等,不定式的形式会有所不同。
4.注意特殊情况:在解题时要注意一些特殊情况,如省略t的不定式等。如果不定式本身符合省略t的情况,那么在完成时态中应使用"t have dne"形式;如果不定式是作为动词宾语补足语,那么在被动语态中应省略t。
10.现在分词的完成式
【考点介绍】
现在分词的完成式表示动作已经完成,通常在动词后加﹣ing的完成式形式,即having dne,用来作状语。现在分词完成式在英语中的应用相对较多且灵活,可以用来强调动作的完成、原因的表达、对比的呈现等。在写作中,合理运用现在分词完成式能够使文章生动、全面,并具有一定的指导意义。
用法:
1.表示过去完成时
现在分词完成式可以用来表示一个已经发生在过去的动作或状态。这种时态常常在过去的某个时间点或事件之前使用。
例如:Having finished my hmewrk,I went ut t play.(完成了作业后,我出去玩了。)
2.表示原因、条件、目的等
现在分词完成式可以用作介词短语的一部分,表达动作或状态的原因、条件、目的等。
例如:Due t having made gd preparatins,we wn the cmpetitin. (由于做了充分的准备,我们赢得了比赛。)
3.表示对比、顺序等
现在分词完成式可以用来表示动作或状态.之间的对比、顺序等关系。
例如:Feeling tired,she decided t take a break. (感到疲倦,她决定休息一下。)
注意:分词的完成式,无论主动(having dne)或被动(having been dne),都不能用来作定语.我们不能说:
The by having brken the windw shuld be punished.
同理,也不能说:
There has been a gentleman having asked fr yu.
这时,应该使用定语从句:
The by wh has brken the windw shuld be punished.
The by wh brke the windw shuld be punished.
【典型例题】
_______ this prblem,I felt quite excited.( )
A.Slved
B.T be slved
C.Had slved
D.Having slved
分析:解决了这个问题,我感到非常兴奋。
解答:分析句子,句中felt为谓语动词,设空处应该使用非谓语动词。slve意为"解决",I与slve之间是主动关系,同时表示该动作发生在felt之前,故使用现在分词的完成式作状语,故用having slved。D项正确。
故选:D。
点评:非谓语动词中的现在分词主要起形容词和副词的作用,在句中作定语、表语、补语或状语,弄清楚现在分词的构成,时态与语态,然后根据题意及上下文选择最合适的答案。
【解题思路】
1.确定时态:在解题时,首先要确定句子所使用的时态,是现在完成时还是一般现在时。
2.查找现在分词:根据语境,确定需要使用现在分词的部分,注意是现在分词的完成式。
3.选择正确的形式:根据题目要求,选择现在分词的完成式。现在分词的完成式通常是在动词后加﹣ing的完成式形式,即having dne。
4.注意特殊情况:在解题时要注意一些特殊情况,如某些动词的现在分词的完成式可能与原动词有细微差别等。
11.一般将来时
【考点介绍】
一般将来时表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态,也表示将来经常或反复发生的动作,常与表示将来的时间状语连用,如tmrrw,tmrrw mring/afternn,next,the day after tmrrw,in the future等。在一般将来时态中,动词使用一般将来式,通常是在动词后加﹣will或﹣be ging t形式。对于一般将来时的考查,多以单选、句型转换或词语运用的形式考查学生在具体语境中灵活运用时态的能力。
1.结构
(1)will表示一般将来时:will/shall+动词原形
Tmrrw will be Sunday.明天将是星期天了.
(2)be ging t表示一般将来时:be ging t+动词原形
When are yu ging t start?你打算什么时候开始?
(3)现在进行时的结构表将来:be+ding
We're leaving next week.我们打算下周离开.
2.用法
(1)用"will/shall+动词原形"表示单纯的将来事实(will可用于所有人称,shall只用于第一人称I和we)
(2)用"be ging t+动词原形"表示打算做某事或即将发生某事:
①表打算做某事:
②表即将发生某事:
(3)用"现在进行时",即"be+现在分词"表示按计划或安排要发生的事
3.易混淆点
(1)"will/shall+动词原形"与"be ging t+动词原形".
•联系:两者均可表示将来时间和意图,两者有时可换用:
I think it will rain this evening./I think it's ging t rain this evening.我想今晚会下雨.
•区别:
①若要强调某个意图是经过事先考虑好的,则通常用be ging t.若是某个意图没有经过事先考虑,而是在说话的当时才临时想到的,则通常用will.比较:
"Jane is in hspital.""Oh,I didn't knw.I'll g and visit her."(临时想法,不能与be ging t互换)
"Jane is in hspital.""Yes,I knw.I'm ging t visit her tmrrw."(事先考虑的意图,不能用will)
②若是有迹象表明要发生某事,通常只用be ging t,不用will.
Lk at thse black cluds.It's ging t rain.
看那些乌云,要下雨了.
③带有时间或条件状语从句的主句通常不宜用be ging t,而用will:
When he cmes back,I will tell him the news.他回来时我就告诉他这个消息.
If he cmes back,I will tell him the news.他若回来我就告诉他这个消息.
(2)"be ging t+动词原形"与"现在进行时"
①be ging t主要表示主观想法或意图,而现在进行时表示将来则主要强调已经作出的安排.比较:
I'm ging t wash the car if I have time.若有时间我想洗洗车.(主观想法)
I'm picking yu up at 6,dn't frget.我6点钟来接你,不要忘了.(已作出的安排)
②但是当要表示主观无法控制的预测时,通常要用be ging t,不能用现在进行时态:
It's ging t snw befre lng.不久会下雪.
Things are ging t get better sn.情况很快就会好起来.
③当表示坚持要(不要)某人做某事时,两者均可用:
She's taking[ging t take]that medicine whether he likes it r nt.不管她喜欢不喜欢,她都得吃那药.
Yu're nt wearing[ging t wear]that skirt t schl.你不可以穿那条裙子去上学.
【典型例题】
It is believed that it ________ a lng time befre the mystery f Sanxingdui is slved.( )
A.is
B.was
C.has been
D.will be
分析:人们相信,三星堆之谜将需要很长时间才能解开。
解答:"It will be+时间段+befre..."是固定句型,意为"要过(多久)才……"。
故选:D。
点评:考查动词时态。学生需正确理解句意,掌握固定句型是解答此题的关键。
【解题思路】
1.确定时态:首先确定句子所描述的动作或状态是发生在将来,还是现在或过去。如果动作或状态发生在将来,那么可以使用一般将来时态。
2.选择正确的动词形式:在一般将来时态中,动词使用一般将来式,通常是在动词后加﹣will或﹣be ging t形式。如果句子主语是第一人称单数(如I/we等),则动词使用will形式。如果句子主语是第三人称单数(如he/she/it等),则动词使用be ging t形式。如果句子主语是复数形式(如they/we等),则动词使用will或be ging t形式的复数形式(如will/are ging t)。
3.注意特殊情况:有一些动词在一般将来时态中使用的形式与其基本形式不同,例如be动词(will be/is ging t be)、have动词(will have/is ging t have)等。在使用这些动词时需要注意其正确形式。
12.现在完成进行时
【考点介绍】
表示某个动作或状态已经完成,并且这个动作或状态从过去一直持续到现在,或者对现在产生了影响或结果。在现在完成时态中,动词使用现在完成式,通常是在动词后加﹣have/has dne形式。对于现在完成时的考查,多以单选、词语运用或完形填空的形式考查学生在具体语境中灵活运用时态的能力。
1.结构
I / we / yu / they have been + 动词的现在分词
He / she / it has been + 动词的现在分词
2.用法
1)表示从过去某时开始一直持续到现在的动作,并且还将持续下去.
2)表示在说话时刻之前到现在正在进行的动作.
We have been waiting fr yu fr half an hur.我们已经等你半个钟头了(人还没到,如同在电话里说的,还会继续等)
3)有些现在完成进行时的句子等同于现在完成时的句子.
They have been living in this city fr ten years.
They have lived in this city fr ten years.
他们在这个城市已经住了10年了.(动作还将继续下去)
I have been wrking here fr five years.
I have wrked here fr five years.
我在这里已经工作五年了.(动作还将继续下去)
4)大多数现在完成进行时的句子不等同于现在完成时的句子.
I have been writing a bk.(动作还将继续下去)我一直在写一本书.
I have written a bk.(动作已经完成)我已经写了一本书.
They have been building a bridge.他们一直在造一座桥.(动作还将继续下去)
They have built a bridge.他们造了一座桥.(动作已经完成)
5)表示状态的动词不能用于现在完成进行时.
I have knwn him fr years.我认识他已经好几年了.
* I have been knwing…
这类不能用于现在完成进行时的动词还有:lve爱,like喜欢,hate讨厌,think想等等.
6)一些现在完成时的句子也与现在完成进行时的句子含义相同
延续性动词在现在完成时与现在完成进行时时态中使用,句意相同.例如:
She has slept fr 6 hurs and still cannt wake up.
She has been sleeping fr 6 hurs and still cannt wake up.她已经睡了6个小时,到现在还没有醒来.
7)表示现在以前一直在进行的动作强调动作的未完成性
It has been raining fr 3 days.已经下了3天的雨了(现在还没停止)
3.易混淆点
1)过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情,强调动作;现在完成时为过去发生的,强调过去的事情对现在的影响,强调的是影响.
2)过去时常与具体的时间状语连用,而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用,或无时间状语.
一般过去时的时间状语:
yesterday,last week,…ag,in1980,in Octber,just nw等
共同的时间状语:
this mrning,tnight,this April,nw,nce,befre,already,recently,lately
现在完成时的时间状语
fr,since,s far,ever,never,just,yet,till / until,up t nw,in past years,always等
3)现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态,动词一般是延续性的,如live,teach,learn,wrk,study,knw.
过去时常用的非持续性动词有cme,g,leave,start,die,finish,becme,get married等.
举例:
I saw this film yesterday.(强调看的动作发生过了.)
I have seen this film.(强调对现在的影响,电影的内容已经知道了.)
Why did yu get up s early?(强调起床的动作已发生过了.)
句子中如有过去时的时间副词(如 yesterday,last,week,in 1960)时,不能使用现在完成时,要用过去时.
(错)Tm has written a letter t his parents last night.
(对)Tm wrte a letter t his parents last night.
【典型例题】
Kate's dream has been_____ the way thrugh schl and apply fr the Music Cllege,and maybe ne day stand n a stage.( )
A.wrkingB.wrkedC.wrksD.t wrk
分析:凯特的梦想一直是努力完成学业,申请音乐学院,也许有一天能站在舞台上。
解答:根据句意和结构可知这句话使用have/has been+ding sth,这是现在完成进行时,表示这个工作从过去开始,一直到现在,可能还要继续下去。
故选:A。
点评:解题时要区分清选择项的含义与区别,再联系句意进行判断,从而选出正确答案。考生做此类题型,要分析句子结构,理解句意,考虑语境,选择恰当词。切忌:粗心大意,惯性判断。要注意细心分析验证,得出答案。
【解题思路】
1.确定时态:首先确定句子所描述的动作或状态已经发生并持续到现在的动作或状态,或者描述过去发生的动作对现在产生的影响或结果。如果满足这个条件,那么可以使用现在完成时态。
2.选择正确的动词形式:在现在完成时态中,动词使用现在完成式,通常是在动词后加﹣have/has dne形式。如果句子主语是第一人称单数(如I等),则动词使用have形式的现在完成式。如果句子主语是第三人称单数(如he/she/it等),则动词使用has形式的现在完成式。
3.注意特殊情况:有一些动词在现在完成时态中使用的形式与其基本形式不同,例如be动词(have/has been)、have动词(have/has had)等。在使用这些动词时需要注意其正确形式。
13.现在完成时的被动语态
【考点介绍】
表示某个动作或状态在过去已经发生并持续到当前,或者对当前产生了影响,且主语是动作的承受者。在现在完成时态的被动语态中,动词使用现在完成时的被动语态形式,通常是在动词后加﹣have/has been dne形式。
【典型例题】
Sme new inventins like 3 D printers _______ t make replacement hearts and bne parts in the past few mnths.( )
A.were used
B.are used
C.are being used
D.have been used
分析:在过去的几个月里,一些新发明,如3 D打印机,已经被用于制造替代心脏和骨骼部件。
解答:根据时间状语in the past few mnths可知这句话使用现在完成时,Sme new inventins like 3 D printers和use是被动关系,用现在完成时的被动语态,主语是复数,助动词用have。
故选:D。
点评:解题时要区分清选择项的含义与区别,再联系句意进行判断,从而选出正确答案。考生做此类题型,要分析句子结构,理解句意,考虑语境,选择恰当词。切忌:粗心大意,惯性判断。要注意细心分析验证,得出答案。
【解题思路】
1.确定时态:首先确定句子所描述的动作或状态已经完成,并且与现在有联系。如果动作或状态满足这个条件,那么可以使用现在完成时态。
2.选择正确的动词形式:在现在完成时态中,动词使用现在完成式,通常是在动词后加﹣have/has dne形式。如果句子主语是第一人称单数(如I等),则动词使用have形式的现在完成式。如果句子主语是第三人称单数(如he/she/it等),则动词使用has形式的现在完成式。
3.注意特殊情况:有一些动词在现在完成时态中使用的形式与其基本形式不同,例如be动词(have/has been)、have动词(have/has had)等。在使用这些动词时需要注意其正确形式。
14.过去进行时的被动语态
【考点介绍】
表示过去某个时间点正在被完成的动作或状态且主语是动作的承受者。在过去进行时态的被动语态中,动词使用过去进行时的被动语态形式,通常是在动词后加﹣was being dne形式。
注意:过去进行时态的被动语态一般不与表示一段时间的状语或表示次数的状语连用,这时需要用完成时态的被动语态.
如:The watch was being repaired twice. (错误)
改成:The watch has been repaired twice. (正确)
1.结构
①主语+be + being + 过去分词+(by+宾语),其中by意为"被…;由…",表动作的执行者.
如:Trees were being planted by them at this time yesterday.
昨天这个时候,我们正在种树.
②现在进行时的被动语态的疑问句、否定句的变化均需借助于be动词完成.
如:Trees were being planted by them at this time yesterday.(肯定式)
Trees were nt being planted by them at this time yesterday.(否定式)
Were trees being planted by them at this time yesterday?
(疑问式)
Yes,they were. /N,they weren't.
2.用法
①过去进行时态的被动语态,表示过去正在进行的被动动作.如:
This film was being shwn at that time.
那时候,这部电影正在被放映.
②过去进行时态的被动语态一般不与表示一段时间的状语或表示次数的状语连用,这时需要用完成时态的被动语态.
如:The watch was being repaired twice. (错误)
改成:The watch has been repaired twice. (正确)
【典型例题】
Unluckily,my classmates and I went t the nearby library t read bks last Sunday,nly t be tld that it ________.( )
A.is decrated
B.was being decrated
C.is being decrated
D.was decrated
分析:不幸的是,我和同学们上周日去旁边的图书馆看书,结果被告知那个图书馆正在装修中。
解答:B,考查时态的辨析,由时间状语last Sunday可知句子表示的是过去发生的事件,decrate与其逻辑主语library构成被动的关系,并且图书馆的装修表示一段时间正在进行的动作,因此使用过去进行时的被动语态。
故选:B。
点评:考查时态的运用,句中有明显的时间状语时,要通过其来判断使用的时态。
【解题思路】
1.确定时态:首先确定句子所描述的动作或状态是在过去某个时间点正在被完成,还是在过去某个时间点之前已经完成的动作或状态。如果满足这个条件,那么可以使用过去进行时态的被动语态。
2.选择正确的动词形式:在过去进行时态的被动语态中,动词使用过去进行时的被动语态形式,通常是在动词后加﹣was being dne形式。如果句子主语是第一人称单数(如I等),则动词使用was形式的被动语态。如果句子主语是第三人称单数(如he/she/it等),则动词使用was形式的被动语态。如果句子主语是复数形式(如they/we等),则动词使用were形式的被动语态。
3.注意特殊情况:有一些动词在过去进行时态的被动语态中使用的形式与其基本形式不同,例如be动词(was being)、have动词(had been being)等。在使用这些动词时需要注意其正确形式。
15.连接副词when引导宾语从句
【考点介绍】
宾语从句,是名词性从句的一种.在主从复合句中充当宾语,位于及物动词、介词或复合谓语之后的从句称为宾语从句。when是连接副词,可以引导宾语从句,意思为"何时",不可以省略,起连接作用,充当宾语从句的时间状语。
1.例句
I remember when this used t be a quiet village.
我记得这曾经是一个偏僻的村庄。
2.宾语从句的语序
宾语从句的语序是陈述语序,即"连接词+主语+谓语+其它成分".特别强调:它的主语和谓语的语序是陈述语序,而不是疑问句的倒装结构.
3.宾语从句的时态呼应:
宾语从句中谓语动词的时态,常常受到主句谓语时态的制约,此为时态呼应.如果主句谓语是一般现在时或将来时,从句谓语的时态不受限制;如果主句谓语的时态是一般过去时,从句一般要随着改为相应的过去时态(一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时、过去完成时).
注意:当宾语从句叙述的是客观真理时,不管主句谓语的时态如何,从句都用一般现在时.
【典型例题】
—Are yu sure yu have t?It's been s late.
—I dn't knw ______ I can d it if nt nw.( )
A.when
B.hw
C.why
D.what
分析:——你确定必须这么做吗?已经很晚了。
——我不知道如果我现在不做该何时去做。
解答:分析可知,设空处引导宾语从句,从句中缺少时间状语,故应用连接副词when表示"何时"。
故选:A。
点评:做此类题目时要先弄清楚各个选项的含义及用法,再结合句意及其它要求确定最终选项。
【解题思路】
1.确定从句类型:首先判断从句的类型,宾语从句通常放在动词或介词之后,即主句的宾语位置。
2.正确理解句意:如果宾语从句连接词的意思是"何时",用when。
3.分析句子成分:宾语从句缺少时间状语,用when引导。
16.主语从句
【考点介绍】
充当主语的从句就是主语从句。主语从句是一个完整的句子作为主语,通过一个引导词来引导,如:that,whether,wh,whm,whse,which等。主语从句可以表示一个事实、观点、疑问等,但主语从句没有实际的意义,它只是用来引导主句。
1.用法:
1)that在句中不做成分.当主语从句位于句首时,不能省略:
That he likes bks f this kind is very interesting.= It's very interesting (that)he likes bks f this kind.
这是用的最多的一种主语从句,但把这种主语从句放在句首是很少的,只是为了强调或谓语较长时才这样安排.例如:
That prices will g up is certain.
That she is still alive is a cnslatin.
2)当谓语动词是seem,appear,be a pity.be a wnder,be likely等时,使用形式主语It,而将真正的主语放在句尾,这时从属连词that可省略。如:
It appeared t scientists n earth (that) the stars had mved.
还有一些例如:绝大部分主语从句都借助先行主语it,that引导的真正的主语放到句子后部去.
a.It +be + 形容词+that从句:
It is natural that they shuld have different views.
It was quite bvius that she didn't want t cme.
b.It +be + 名词 +that 从句:
It's a shame that yu're sick.
It's a pity that he can't swim.
c.It + 动词(+ 宾语或状语)+ that 从句:
It happened that she wasn't in that day.
It seems that yu're right.
d.It + 动词的被动语态 + that 从句:
It's said that there has been an earthquake in India.
It's reprted that the enemy trps have crssed the brder.
2.易混淆点:
that引导主语从句时,不在从句充当任何的句子成分,也没有意思,只起到引导作用.也就是说在that引导的主语从从句中,如果把that去掉,从句是一个成分和意思都完整的句子.
what引导名词性从句时,在从句中充当主语、宾语或表语,意思为"什么,.的(东西/事情)".如果把what去掉,从句成分和意思都不完整.what引导名词性从句不能省略.
What he wants is a bk.他想要的是一本书.
The result is that we wn the game.众所周知,光是沿直线运行.
【典型例题】
________ is knwn t all is that the utstanding academic atmsphere,as well as varius festivals and sprts,draws many students t ur schl.( )
A.It
B.Which
C.What
D.As
分析:众所周知,优秀的学术氛围,以及各种节日和体育活动,吸引了很多学生来我们学校。
解答:分析句子可知,空处引导主语从句,从句中缺少主语,指物,所以用what引导。
故选:C。
点评:解题时要区分清选择项的含义与区别,再联系句意进行判断,从而选出正确答案。考生做此类题型,要分析句子结构,理解句意,考虑语境,选择恰当词。切忌:粗心大意,惯性判断。要注意细心分析验证,得出答案。
【解题思路】
1.确定从句的位置:主语从句通常位于主语的位置。在句子中,主语的位置是在动词之前。
2.理解从句的构成:主语从句可以用一个句子来充当主语,这个句子通常是陈述句。
3.识别引导词:主语从句通常由一些引导词引导。
4.注意语气:主语从句通常使用陈述语气,而不是疑问语气。
5.掌握时态:主语从句的时态应该与句子的主语和谓语的时态保持一致。
6.注意使用形式主语It。为了避免头重脚轻,通常使用形式主语It来代替真实的主语从句,放在句首,从句放在句尾。
17.同位语从句
【考点介绍】
同位语从句是主要的名词性从句之一,从句作同位语表示与之同位的名词(短语)的实际内容,它的作用相当于名词,对前面的名词(短语)加以补充说明或进一步解释,相当于一个表语从句,它们之间的关系就是同位关系,即主表关系。
1.用法:
1).一般情况下同位语从句跟在某些名词(如news,idea,fact,prmise,hpe,message等)的后面,用以说明该名词所表达的具体内容.例如:
The news that ur wmen vlleyball team had wn the champinship encuraged us all greatly.我们女排赢得冠军的消息大大地鼓舞了我们所有人.
I've cme frm Mr Wang with a message that he wn't be able t see yu this afternn.我从王先生那边得知一个消息,他说他今天下午不能来看你了.
2).有时同位语从句可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后,而被别的词语隔开,在语法上叫做分隔式同位语从句.例如:
The thught came t her that maybe she had left the dr pen when she left hme.她突然想起可能在她离开家时没把门关上.
The stry ges that he failed in the Cllege Entrance Examinatins again.据说他高考又落榜。
3)引导同位语从句的词语通常有连词that,whether,连接代词和连接副词等.
a.that引导
that引导同位语从句时,that没有具体的意思,不充当句子成分,只起连接作用,不能省略
The idea that yu can d this wrk well withut thinking is quite wrng.你认为不动脑筋就能做好这件工作的想法是完全错误的.(作idea的同位语)
注意:在某些名词(如demand,wish,suggestin,reslutin等)后面的同位语从句要用虚拟语气
There was a suggestin that Brwn shuld be drpped frm the team.有一项建议是布朗应该离队.
b.whether引导
The questin whether we shuld call in a specialist was answered by the family dctr.我们是否请专家由家庭医生来定.
c.连接代词what,wh,whm,whse,引导同位语从句
I have n idea what size shes she wears.我不知道她穿几号的鞋.(what作定语)
d.连接副词when,where,hw,why引导
We haven't yet settled the questin where we are ging t spend ur summer vacatin.到哪儿去度暑假,这个问题我们还没有决定.
2.易混淆点:区分同位语从句与定语从句
从语法角度来看,引导同位语从句的that是连词,只起语法作用,用来连接同位语从句,在从句中不充当任何成分,不省略;而引导定语从句的that是关系代词,它除了起引导从句的语法作用之外,还要在从句中充当句子成分主要是作主语或宾语,作宾语时常可省略.
例如:
同位语从句:The fact that he succeeded in the experiment pleased everybdy.他实验成功这个事实使我们大家很高兴.(that只起连接作用)
定语从句:The fact that (which) we talked abut is very imprtant.我们所谈论的那个事实很重要.(that在从句中作abut的宾语)
【典型例题】
The pssibility ____ the majrity f labr frce will wrk at hme is ften discussed.( )
A.that
B.which
C.if
D.where
分析:大部分劳动力将在家中工作的可能性常常被谈起。
解答:分析句子可知,这里有两个成分完整的句子The pssibility is ften discussed.及the majrity f labr frce will wrk at hme.后句是对pssibility的解释,即表示同一含义,符合同位语从句,从句成分和意义都完整,应用连接词that。
故选:A。
点评:考查同位语从句。学生需正确理解句意,分析句子结构判断空处在句中的成分,从而使用正确的引导词。
【解题思路】
1.识别同位语从句。同位语从句一般跟在某些名词后面,用以说明该名词表示的具体内容。
2.确定引导词。英语中引导同位语从句的词通常有连词that、whether、连接代词what、wh以及连接副词hw、when、where等。
3.确定同位语从句的位置。同位语从句有时可以不紧跟在说明的名词后面,而被别的词隔开。
18.表语从句
【考点介绍】
从句在主从复合句中作表语,则称之为表语从句。表语主要用于修饰主语,说明主语是什么或者怎么样,由名词、形容词或相当于名词或形容词的词或短语充当,和连系动词一起构成主系表结构,注意表语从句的语序为陈述语序。
1.连接词
引导表语从句的词有从属连词that(不作成分,无实际意义,书面表达不省略,口语表达较常省略)、whether(不作成分,翻译为"是否",不能省略,一般不用if替代)、as thugh(if);关系代词wh,what,which,whm,whse,whatever,whever,whmever,whichever等;关系副词when,where,why,hw,hwever,whenever,wherever等.可以接表语从句的连系动词由be,lk,remain,seem等.
2.用法:
1)可接表语从句的连系动词有be,lk,seem,sund,appear等.
At that time,it seemed as if I culdn't think f the right wrd.当时,我似乎怎么也想不出一个恰当的字眼来.
2)从属连词whether,as,as if / thugh引导的表语从句.
It sunds as if smene is kncking at the dr.听起来好像有人在敲门.
The questin is whether the film is wrth seeing.问题是这部电影是否值得看.
3)because,why引导的表语从句.
That's why he gt angry with me.那正是他对我生气的原因.(That's why…强调结果)
注意:what引导的主语从句表示结果或名词reasn作主语时,后面的表语从句表示原因时要用that引导,不宜用because.
4)连接代词wh,whm,whse,what,which,whever,whatever,whichever,连接副词 where,when,hw,why
The prblem is wh we can get t replace her.问题是我们能找到谁去替换她呢.
The prblem is hw we can find him.问题是我们如何找到他.
That's where I first met her.那就是我第一次遇见她的地方.
The prblem is wh we can get t replace her.问题是我们能找到谁去替换她呢.
5)从属连词that
The truble is that I have lst his address.麻烦是我把他的地址丢了.
6)使用虚拟语气的表语从句
在表示建议、劝告、命令含义的名词后的表语从句,谓语动词需用"shuld+动词原形" 表示,shuld可省略.常见的词有:advice,suggestin,rder,prpsal,plan,idea等.
My suggestin is that we (shuld) start early tmrrw.我的建议是我们明天一早就出发.
【典型例题】
One f the reasns why Charles Dickens lved his nvel David Cpperfield was___________it was based n his wn life.( )
A.what
B.hw
C.that
D.whether
分析:查尔斯•狄更斯喜欢他的小说《大卫•科波菲尔》的原因之一是它是以他自己的生活为基础的。
解答:was后接的表语从句结构和意思完整,要用连词that引导从句。C项正确。
故选:C。
点评:考查表语从句,弄清楚哪些连词引导表语从句及一些表语从句的特殊结构,准确地翻译句子及备选答案,然后选择最符合题意的选项。
【解题思路】
1.确定从句的位置:表语从句通常位于主句的表语位置。在句子中,表语的位置是在系动词后面,通常位于主语和宾语之间。
2.识别引导词:表语从句通常由一些引导词引导。
3.注意语气:表语从句通常使用陈述语气,而不是疑问语气。
4.掌握时态:表语从句的时态应该与句子的主语的时态保持一致。
19.It be…that/wh强调句型
【考点介绍】
It 强调句型的结构通常为:It is/was+被强调部分+that/wh+其他部分。其中被强调部分可以是主语、宾语、状语等,that/wh引导的从句修饰该被强调部分。通过使用这种强调句型,可以突出强调被强调部分所表达的意思,引起读者的注意。
1.基本结构:
It is(was)+ 被强调部分+ that(强调部分是人时也可用wh/whm) +其他成分
We elected him mnitr at the class meeting yesterday.
It was we that /wh elected him mnitr at the class meeting yesterday. (强调主语)
It was him that /whm we elected mnitr at the class meeting yesterday.(强调宾语)
It was mnitr that we elected him at the class meeting yesterday. (强调宾补)
It was at the class meeting that we elected him mnitr yesterday.(强调地点状语)
2.强调句型的判断:
把"It,be,that"去掉,如果剩余部分句子结构仍然完整(被强调部分要还原到原位置),那么这个句子就是强调句;如果句子不完整,则不是强调句.如:
It is he wh / that ften helps me with my English.
3.易混淆点
1)句首词用"It",不能用"This","That"等.
2)be动词的形式是is或was,不能用复数形式are或were.
若原句的谓语动词用了现在时或将来时,则用is;若原句的谓语动词用了过去时或过去完成时,则用was.
3)被强调的部分如果是代词,强调主语用主格,强调宾语用宾格.如:
It is him that/wh /whm I met in the street yesterday.
4)连接词一般用that,当强调部分是人时,既可用that也可用wh.特别注意当强调部分是时间状语或地点状语时,不能用when或where.
5)主谓一致问题
被强调的主语要和 that后面的谓语动词在数上保持一致.
6)强调时间状语和地点状语时与定语从句的区别:
It was in 1921 that ur Party was funded.(强调句式)
It was 1921 when ur Party was funded.(定语从句)
7)强调句型与主语从句的区别:
强调句型可以还原成正常语序的句子,也就是说,强调句型中去掉It be…that后,句子仍然通顺,意义也依然完整,只是没有那么强调突出.而含主语从句的复合句中的it是指示代词,后面多为系表结构或被动语态.如果去掉It be…that,句子就不通顺了.如:
It was in the lab that was taken charge by Prfessr Harris that they did the experiment.
(=They did the experiment in the lab that was taken charge by Prfessr Harris.)
【典型例题】
In fact,_______ yu ______ have the mst imprtant rle t play in stpping Yellw River ersin.
分析:事实上,你就是阻止黄河水土流失最重要的人。
解答:这是强调句,强调句型:It is/ was + 被强调部分(通常是主语、宾语或状语)+ that/ wh(当强调主语且主语指人)+ 其他部分;根据句中have可知,be动词用is。
故填:it is;wh。
点评:完成句子,要弄清楚各种句子即简单句,并列句和复合句的结构及连接词和句意,然后按要求完成句子。
【解题思路】
1.确定需要强调的部分。
2.构建强调句型:根据确定的被强调部分,使用It is/was+被强调部分+that/wh+其他部分的句型结构构建强调句型。
3.调整句子语序:将被强调的部分放在It is/was和that/wh之间,并将其他部分放在that/wh引导的从句中。
4.检查语法:在使用强调句型时,要确保句子其他部分的语法正确,特别是时态和语态。
5.根据调整后的句型结构翻译整个句子。
20.日常生活
【考点介绍】
日常生活类文章在英语考试中通常以阅读理解的形式出现,主要考查学生的词汇量、阅读理解能力、文化背景知识和生活常识。
【解题思路】
1.快速阅读:了解文章的大致内容。注意文章中的生词和短语,以及段落的结构和逻辑关系。
2.细节阅读:仔细阅读题目,带着问题回到文章中,找到相关的细节信息。注意文章中的时间、地点、人物、事件等关键信息。
3.语境理解:对于一些不熟悉的词汇或表达,可以通过上下文推断其含义。
4.逻辑推理:根据文章中的信息进行推理,注意避免过度推理和主观臆断。
5.检查答案:完成所有的题目后,再次检查答案,确保没有遗漏或误解题意。
21.杰出人物
【考点介绍】
在英语考试中,"杰出人物"类语篇主要涉及历史上或当代的杰出人物。这类语篇通常会以传记、报道、访谈等形式出现,考查学生对杰出人物的了解和语言表达能力。
【解题思路】
1.阅读理解:阅读时,要抓住主题或关键信息,这类题目通常会涉及到某个杰出人物的经历、成就和影响。考生需要理解文章的整体结构和作者的意图,注意细节信息的提取和整合。对于涉及杰出人物的重要事件、成就和贡献的特定词汇和表达方式,需要特别留意。
2.完形填空:注意上下文之间的联系和逻辑关系,根据题目所给的上下文信息,确定正确的选项。考生在做题时需要注意全文的语境和上下文的联系,尤其是题目中的空格与上下文之间的关联。
3.写作:这类题目可能要求考生就某个杰出人物写一篇文章。考生需要了解该人物的生平、经历、成就和贡献等,掌握相关的术语和表达方式。写作时要注重文章的逻辑性和连贯性,同时运用适当的修辞手法增强文章的表现力。
22.社会
【考点介绍】
在英语考试中,"社会"类文章主要涉及社会现象、社会问题、社会政策等方面。这类文章通常会以论述题、短文阅读、新闻报道等形式出现,考查学生对社会问题的了解和语言表达能力。
【解题思路】
1.阅读理解:阅读时,要抓住主题或关键信息,这类题目通常会涉及到某个社会现象或政策的解析和评价。考生需要理解文章的整体结构和作者的意图,注意细节信息的提取和整合。对于涉及社会的专业词汇和表达方式,需要特别留意。
2.完形填空:注意上下文之间的联系和逻辑关系,根据题目所给的上下文信息,确定正确的选项。考生在做题时需要注意全文的语境和上下文的联系,尤其是题目中的空格与上下文之间的关联。
3.写作:这类题目可能要求考生就某个社会问题或现象写一篇文章。考生需要了解社会现象和社会政策的形成原因、影响等,掌握相关的术语和表达方式。写作时要注重文章的逻辑性和连贯性,同时运用适当的修辞手法增强文章的表现力。
23.科普知识
【考点介绍】
在英语考试中,"科普知识"类文章主要涉及科学领域中的各种知识。这类文章通常会以论述题、短文阅读、科普报告等形式出现,考查学生对科普知识的了解和语言表达能力。
【解题思路】
1.阅读理解:阅读时,要抓住主题或关键信息,这类题目通常会涉及到某个科学现象或理论的解释和阐述。考生需要理解文章的整体结构和作者的意图,注意细节信息的提取和整合。对于涉及科普知识的专业词汇和表达方式,需要特别留意。
2.完形填空:注意上下文之间的联系和逻辑关系,根据题目所给的上下文信息,确定正确的选项。考生在做题时需要注意全文的语境和上下文的联系,尤其是题目中的空格与上下文之间的关联。
3.写作:这类题目可能要求考生就某个科普话题写一篇文章。考生需要了解科普知识中的基本概念、原理及其应用,掌握相关的术语和表达方式。写作时要注重文章的逻辑性和连贯性,同时运用适当的修辞手法增强文章的表现力。
24.记叙文
【考点介绍】
在英语考试中,"记叙文"类文章主要涉及个人或他人的经历、事件、情感等方面,通常以第一人称或第三人称的角度进行叙述。这类文章可能包括故事、回忆录、游记、传记等不同形式,考查学生对语言表达和情感态度的理解能力。
【解题思路】
1.抓住主题和关键信息:阅读时要注意文章中的时间、地点、人物和事件等关键信息,并理解作者的情感态度和主题。
2.理解文章结构:记叙文通常有时间顺序、因果关系等结构特点,注意把握文章中的转折、承接等逻辑关系。
3.注意细节:阅读时要注重细节描写,这些细节可能直接或间接地反映出作者的情感和态度,也可能构成文章的线索。
4.完形填空:在完形填空题中,要根据上下文语境和语法知识选择正确选项。注意人物性格和情感的变化以及情节的推进。
5.写作:如果要求写作记叙文,要明确人称和时态,注意事件的起承转合和人物性格的刻画。同时,运用适当的修辞手法可以增强文章的表现力。
25.说明文
【考点介绍】
在英语中,"说明文"类文章通常涉及对某个特定主题或观点的详细阐述。这类文章通常具有明确的目的,旨在解释某个概念、过程或观点,帮助读者更好地理解和掌握。与议论文不同的是,说明文不涉及个人观点和立场,而是侧重于客观地阐述事实和信息。
【解题思路】
1.理解主题和目的:注意文章的标题和开头段落,这可以帮助你快速了解文章的主题和作者要阐述的内容。
2.抓住主要特点:例如事物或现象的主要特点、工作原理或操作步骤等。
3.分析文章结构:通常来说,说明文会按照以下结构展开:引言(Intrductin)、主体(Bdy)和结论(Cnclusin)。
4.细节阅读:注意文章中使用的实例、数据和插图等辅助材料。
5.完形填空:要根据上下文语境和语法知识选择正确选项。注意选项之间的逻辑关系和语法搭配,同时要结合文章的主题和内容进行推理。
6.写作:要明确主题和目的,安排好文章结构。在写作过程中,使用适当的语言表达自己的观点和解释,同时要注意语言的准确性和逻辑性。可以使用实例、数据和图表等辅助材料来支持你的观点。
26.应用文
【考点介绍】
英语中的"应用文"类语篇通常包括书信、电子邮件、备忘录、报告、申请书、新闻报道等,这些语篇通常遵循一定的格式和惯例,主要目的是为了传达信息、提出建议或请求、提供服务等。与说明文不同的是,应用文更加注重读者需求和目的,强调信息的准确性和实用性。应用文类语篇的考点主要涉及写作目的和格式的掌握,语言表达能力和语法的准确性,以及提供充分的证据来支持所述内容等方面。包含以下内容:
1.书信:书信通常包括信头、日期、收件人地址、称呼、信文、结束语和签名等部分。考点通常涉及信文的写作目的、信件格式、礼貌用语、语言表达能力和语法。
2.电子邮件:电子邮件通常包括主题、收件人地址、称呼、正文、结尾和签名等部分。考点通常涉及电子邮件的写作目的、格式、语言表达能力和语法。此外,电子邮件通常使用简洁明了的语言,避免使用过于复杂或正式的语言。
3.备忘录:备忘录通常包括标题、收件人地址、称呼、正文、结尾和签名等部分。考点通常涉及备忘录的写作目的、格式、语言表达能力和语法。备忘录通常使用简洁明了的语言,避免使用过于复杂或正式的语言。
4.报告:报告通常包括标题、摘要、正文和结论等部分。考点通常涉及报告的写作目的、格式、语言表达能力和语法。此外,报告中通常需要使用数据和事实支持结论,并使用合适的图表和图片来清晰地呈现信息。
5.申请书:申请书通常包括标题、个人资料、申请理由、证明文件和签名等部分。考点通常涉及申请书的写作目的、格式、语言表达能力和语法。此外,申请书中需要提供充分的申请理由,并使用合适的证明文件来支持申请。
6.新闻报道:新闻报道通常包括标题、导语、主体和结尾等部分。考点通常涉及新闻报道的写作目的、格式、语言表达能力和语法。此外,新闻报道中需要提供准确的信息来源和事实,避免使用主观语言和情绪化表达。
【解题思路】
1.明确目的和读者:注意文章的标题、开头和结尾,这可以帮助你了解作者要传达的信息和读者需要知道的内容。
2.抓住关键信息:例如时间、地点、人物、事件、数据等。这些信息是构成文章主体的核心内容。
3.分析文章结构:通常来说,应用文会按照以下结构展开:引言(Intrductin)、主体(Bdy)和结论(Cnclusin)。
4.注意语言表达:应用文的用词和语气通常比较正式和客观。
5.完形填空:要根据上下文语境和语法知识选择正确选项。注意选项之间的逻辑关系和语法搭配,同时要结合文章的目的和内容进行推理。
6.写作:要明确目的和读者对象,安排好文章结构。在写作过程中,使用适当的语言表达自己的观点和信息,同时要注意语言的准确性和逻辑性。可以使用表格、图表等辅助材料来支持你的观点。
27.新闻报道
【考点介绍】
在英语中,"新闻报道"类文章通常涉及对当前事件、活动或热点话题的报道。这类文章通常由新闻记者撰写,以客观、准确、及时的方式向读者传递信息。新闻报道通常包括标题、导语、主体和结尾等部分,其中标题通常概括了文章的主题或事件,导语则提供了文章的主要信息。
【解题思路】
1.抓住主题和关键信息:注意阅读标题和导语,这可以帮助你快速了解文章所报道的事件或话题。
2.了解新闻结构:新闻报道通常包括标题、导语、主体和结尾等部分。在阅读时,要了解每个部分的作用和内容。
3.细节阅读:注意阅读主体部分中的时间、地点、人物、事件、原因和结果等细节信息。
4.辨析事实与观点:要注意区分事实和观点,避免将自己的观点与作者的观点混淆。
5.完形填空:要根据上下文语境和语法知识选择正确选项。注意选项之间的逻辑关系和语法搭配,同时要结合文章的主题和内容进行推理。
6.写作:要注意遵循新闻报道的结构和规范。在写作过程中,使用客观、准确的语言报道事实,避免使用主观性强的词汇和表达方式。同时,要确保文章的内容真实可靠,并遵循新闻伦理和职业道德。
28.书信类
【考点介绍】
书信写作是英语写作中的一种重要形式,主要用于人们之间的交流和沟通。书信写作需要遵循特定的格式和规范,同时还需要注意语言表达的得体性和准确性。在各类英语考试中,书信写作通常是必考题型之一,主要考查学生的实际应用能力和语言表达能力。
【典型例题】
假定你是学校学生会主席李华,请写封邮件邀请你校学生家长 Chris 参加家长会,内容包括:
(1)时间和地点;
(2)会议议程;
(3)表达期待。
注意:
(1)词数100词左右;
(2)文中不得透露个人及学校信息;
(3)可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
参考词汇:学生会 the Student Unin;家长会 parent﹣teacher meeting
Dear Chris,
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
Yurs,
Li Hua
分析:高分句型一:The parent﹣teacher meeting,t be held in the lecture hall this Friday,is scheduled t last fr 2 hurs frm 8:00 11:00 a.m.
译文:家长会将于本周五在演讲厅举行,时间为上午8点至11点,持续两个小时。
分析:这句话使用了不定式的被动形式t be held in the lecture hall this Friday作定语。
高分句型二:The meeting is said t begin with an inspiring speech delivered by the principal,fllwed by a vide featuring the clrful schl life f students.
译文:据说,会议首先由校长发表了鼓舞人心的演讲,然后是一段视频,展示了学生丰富多彩的学校生活。
分析:这句话使用了过去分词短语fllwed by a vide featuring the clrful schl life f students作状语。
解答:Dear Chris,
I am Li Hua,the president f the Student Unin.Representing the schl,I am writing t request the pleasure f yur participating in the parent﹣teacher meeting.(写信目的)
The parent﹣teacher meeting,t be held in the lecture hall this Friday,is scheduled t last fr 2 hurs frm 8:00 11:00 a.m.(高分句型一)(时间和地点)The meeting is said t begin with an inspiring speech delivered by the principal,fllwed by a vide featuring the clrful schl life f students.(高分句型二)Finally,yu will be prvide a chance t cmmunicate with yur child's head teacher t have a further understanding f him/her.Please pay attentin that during the meeting yu shuld be quiet t prvide a gd meeting atmsphere.(会议议程)
Lking frward t yur cming.(表达期待)
Yurs,
Li Hua
点评:这是一篇提纲类作文,需要写的内容已经给出,写作时要添加些内容,使文章看起来更充实,要组成一篇通顺连贯的短文,一定要谈谈自己的看法。需要注意紧扣文章主题,给出的要点都需要包括,缺一不可。写作时注意准确运用时态,上下文意思连贯,符合逻辑关系,不能出现文章脱节问题。尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式,同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次。同时注意要求的字数,不要太多也不要太少。
【解题思路】
1.审题与构思:首先明确题目要求,包括写信的对象、目的、内容和格式等。然后根据题目要求进行构思,想好要表达的内容和层次。
2.确定格式:书信的格式包括信头、日期、收信人地址、信件内容等。
3.开始写作:在开头部分要明确表明写信的目的和主题,然后展开相应的内容。在写作过程中,要注意使用得体的语言表达自己的观点和诉求,同时注意段落之间的衔接和连贯性。
4.检查与修改:完成初稿后,仔细检查信件的内容、语法、拼写和格式等方面是否存在错误。同时,检查语言表达是否得体、清晰,是否达到了写作的目的。
29.读后续写
【考点介绍】
读后续写是一种结合阅读和写作的考查方式,主要考查考生的理解能力、想象力、创造力和语言表达能力。在英语写作中,读后续写通常提供一段阅读材料,要求考生根据材料的内容和情节,发挥想象力,续写接下来的故事或论述。这类题型在各类英语考试中较为常见,主要考查学生的阅读理解能力、思维能力和语言表达能力。
1.选材特点
(1)所需阅读的短文动在350以内;
(2)多以记叙文故事类文章或者夹叙夹议类文章为主,故事情节有曲折、有起伏,但是,故事线索的逻辑性比较强.
2.阅卷时主要考虑以下内容:
(1)与所给短文及段落开头语猴接程度
(2)内容的丰富性和对所给关键词歌覆盖情况
(3)应用语法结构和词汇的丰富性和准确性
(4)上下文的连贯性
【解题思路】
1.阅读理解:理解材料的主旨和重要细节,注意把握材料中的人物、情节、时间和地点等信息。
2.确定主题和情节:注意与材料中的情节和人物保持连贯性,同时可以加入自己的想象力和创造力来丰富情节。
3.构建框架:包括开头、发展和结尾三个部分。开头部分应与提供的阅读材料相衔接,可以简要概括前文;发展部分应展开情节,使故事或论述更加丰富;结尾部分则应总结全文,并为读者留下一定的思考空间。
4.写作过程:首先写开头部分,与提供的阅读材料进行衔接,确保文章的连贯性;然后写发展部分,根据自己确定的情节发展进行拓展,可以使用适当的语法、词汇和句式来表达自己的观点和分析。同时,注意与前文保持逻辑上的连贯性;最后写结尾部分,总结全文,并为读者留下一定的思考空间。
5.检查与修改:完成初稿后,仔细检查文章的内容、语法、拼写和结构等方面是否存在错误。检查文章是否与阅读材料保持连贯性,是否遵循了给出的主题和情节发展进行拓展,是否达到了写作的目的。同时,检查语言表达是否准确、自然、流畅,是否达到了写作的目的。
声明:试题解析著作权属菁优网所有,未经书面同意,不得复制发布日期:2024/3/28 0:54:28;用户:初中数学;邮箱:szjmjy@xyh.cm;学号:29841565
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(1)
A.ging thrugh
B.cutting ut
C.hlding up
D.shwing ff
(2)
A.addressed
B.discvered
C.delivered
D.marked
(3)
A.struggle
B.rule
C.cautin
D.standard
(4)
A.habit
B.emphasis
C.emtin
D.prgress
(5)
A.repaired
B.frgtten
C.earned
D.invented
(6)
A.burden
B.jke
C.gift
D.pity
(7)
A.grund
B.huse
C.cean
D.street
(8)
A.inside
B.arund
C.free
D.away
(9)
A.carelessly
B.daily
C.unwillingly
D.sadly
(10)
A.hurriedly
B.regularly
C.surprisingly
D.frcefully
(11)
A.pwerful
B.cmplex
C.cnvenient
D.frmal
(12)
A.bthers
B.thrws
C.cvers
D.cnnects
(13)
A.displayed
B.flded
C.treasured
D.clarified
(14)
A.bredm
B.cmfrt
C.events
D.levels
(15)
A.Keep
B.Mind
C.Imagine
D.Stp
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Individual
Dual (两人共用)
Student
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$60
$25
Special:Save sme mney with Biennial Dues (两年会费)
$60
$100
$40
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Special:Save sme mney with Biennial Dues
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(1)
A.ging thrugh
B.cutting ut
C.hlding up
D.shwing ff
(2)
A.addressed
B.discvered
C.delivered
D.marked
(3)
A.struggle
B.rule
C.cautin
D.standard
(4)
A.habit
B.emphasis
C.emtin
D.prgress
(5)
A.repaired
B.frgtten
C.earned
D.invented
(6)
A.burden
B.jke
C.gift
D.pity
(7)
A.grund
B.huse
C.cean
D.street
(8)
A.inside
B.arund
C.free
D.away
(9)
A.carelessly
B.daily
C.unwillingly
D.sadly
(10)
A.hurriedly
B.regularly
C.surprisingly
D.frcefully
(11)
A.pwerful
B.cmplex
C.cnvenient
D.frmal
(12)
A.bthers
B.thrws
C.cvers
D.cnnects
(13)
A.displayed
B.flded
C.treasured
D.clarified
(14)
A.bredm
B.cmfrt
C.events
D.levels
(15)
A.Keep
B.Mind
C.Imagine
D.Stp
情况
构成方法
例词
一般情况
加﹣s.
①在清辅音后面读/s/
②在元音及浊辅音后读/z/
③以/s/,/z/,/dʒ/结尾时读/ɪz/
cap→caps;dg→dgs;bike→bikes;driver→drivers
以字母s,sh,ch,x等结尾
加﹣es,一般读作/ɪz/
bus→buses;wish→wishes;watch→watches;bx→bxes
以"辅音字母+y"结尾
变y为i,再加﹣es,﹣ies.一般读作/ɪz/
lady→ladies;century→centuries;family→families;stry→stries
以f或fe结尾
一般变f,fe为v,再加﹣es.﹣ves一般读作/vz/
leaf→leaves;life→lives;half→halves;knife→knives
以结尾
①以﹣结尾的有生命的名词后加﹣es.﹣es一般读作/z/.
②以﹣结尾的无生命的名词及以﹣结尾的名词后加﹣s.﹣s一般读作/z/.
tmat→tmates;her→heres;ptat→ptates;radi→radis;z→zs;
例外:pht→phts;pian→pians
复合名词
将后一个词变为复数
tth﹣brush→tth﹣brushes;film﹣ger→film﹣gers
两部分都变复数
man dctr→men dctrs;wman teacher→wmen teachers
特殊名词
改变内部元音字母
ft→feet;tth→teeth;man→men;muse→mice
词尾加﹣ren
child→children
单复数同形
Chinese→Chinese;sheep→sheep;deer→deer
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