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专题01 完形填空之记叙文（讲练）-2024年中考英语二轮复习讲练测（浙江通用）
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这是一份专题01 完形填空之记叙文（讲练）-2024年中考英语二轮复习讲练测（浙江通用），文件包含专题01完形填空之记叙文讲练解析版docx、专题01完形填空之记叙文讲练原题版docx等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共41页， 欢迎下载使用。
完形填空以记叙文为主，主题语境包括人与自我，人与社会，人与自然。侧重考查在具体语境中运用词汇知识的能力，降低了对单词本身用法的考查，少量熟词生义和一词多义的考查。选材内容源于真实生活，以人物思想和行为为中心，体现理性思维，人文情怀、参与社会的人文素养等正能量；以时间或空间的变化为线索，按事件的发生、发展和结束来展开叙述；时态上多以一般过去时为主，其他时态为辅。
考查内容：
1.试题以名词，动词，形容词和副词等信息词汇为考查重点，淡化对介词，连词，冠词等结构的考察，测试学生在具体情境中灵活运用所学知识的能力。
2.实词中偏重于对动词和名词的考查，同时对形容词、副词以及其他词类的考查。试题以情境意义选择为主，纯语法性选择近年已趋近于零。
3.降低对单词考查的要求，突出对文章整体内容理解能力的考查以及同义词与近义词的比较分辨。需要具备的学习素质和能力：词汇，语法，长难句分析。
【应试技巧】
1、了解记叙文的六要素
记叙文，无论是记人还是叙事，都会交代清楚时间、地点、人物、 事件、经过和结果，即记叙文的“六要素”。弄清了这六个要素，基本上就理解了整篇文章。
2、明确作者的写作目的
就事论事一般来说不是作者记叙的目的，作者往往通过叙述阐明个道理。 作者总是为了某个目的，在情节选择和细节描写上作出合理的安排。读者明晰了写作目的，就能抓住文章的主旨。
3、读懂作者的观点或态度
解题时要认真分析全文，看作者是否一直采用某种态度叙事或描述人。 为了增加试题难度，命题人往往采用变化的形式，考生只有在语境的指导下，对文章进行逻辑推断，才能推出文字之下的深层信息。
4、弄清作者叙述的视角
弄清文章是以第几人称的视角展开记叙的。通常英语记叙文展开记叙的视角有两个:第一人称和第三人称。 用第一人称就是从 ”参与者”的角度进行记叙，读者可从字里行间感受到作者态度和感情。用第三人称就是以“观察者”的身份展开叙述，作者的语气客观，与读者保持定距高，读者的注意力更多地集中在故事本身上。了解作者的写作角度有助于我们抓住作者思维，深入理解文章的意义，把握好语境。
（2023·浙江湖州·中考真题）阅读下面短文，理解其大意，然后从各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
Ella lved her new life in Alaska, except fr ne thing—Grandma wasn’t happy.
Befre they mved here, Ella lived with Dad and Grandma in Kansas. Every day Ella and Grandma cked, gardened r sewed (缝纫) tgether.
Then Dad gt a jb in Alaska and wuld take 1 with him. Grandma thught Alaska wasn’t a gd place fr a child. She wanted Ella t stay 2 Dad didn’t agree. Finally Grandma decided t g, t. Ella was verjyed. She culdn’t 3 living anywhere withut Grandma.
By autumn, they were in Alaska. Ella had never had s much 4 . She made sme friends and rde in the snwfall. Grandma, hwever, didn’t share Ella’s jy. She didn’t like the cld and 5 stayed at hme. She ften said she 6 the garden f sunflwers back in Kansas.
Ella was 7 and wished t make Grandma happy. She went t her new friend Laura fr 8 . Laura’s mm Helen suggested, “We can make yur grandma a sunflwer quilt that will be cheery and warm.” “Gd idea!” Ella said.
Ella then secretly 9 sme brightest clth frm Grandma’s bag and sewed the sunflwer quilt every afternn in Laura’s huse. It was slw ging but enjyable. She wanted t give Grandma a 10 .
But Grandma seemed sadder and sadder, always talking abut the 11 and friends in Kansas. One night Ella heard Grandma 12 . She decided t take Grandma t Laura’s huse the next day.
When Grandma saw the quilt they were making fr 13 these days, she was mved t tears. She 14 and helped with the sewing. They chatted and laughed. Ella hadn’t heard Grandma sund s 15 since they left Kansas.
Maybe what Grandma really needed was staying tgether, Ella thught.
1．A．EllaB．HelenC．GrandmaD．Laura
2．A．rB．sC．andD．but
3．A．avidB．suggestC．imagineD．frget
4．A．hmewrkB．sleepC．trubleD．excitement
5．A．mstlyB．nceC．stillD．seldm
6．A．missedB．fundC．sldD．entered
7．A．bredB．wrriedC．relaxedD．interested
8．A．giftsB．flwersC．curageD．advice
9．A．receivedB．chseC．brrwedD．made
10．A．taskB．prizeC．surpriseD．chice
11．A．schlB．libraryC．gardenD．htel
12．A．cryingB．singingC．readingD．cughing
13．A．himB．herC．usD．them
14．A．hung utB．went awayC．shwed upD．sat dwn
15．A．seriusB．cheerfulC．pliteD．strange
（一）、利用文章首句信息解题
完形填空首先考查的就是考生对文章的理解能力。因此考生在做完形填空时，应把它作为一个意思连贯、结构完整的语篇，而不是单项选择。首句或前几句话都是完整的，为考生提供足够的信息去挖掘文章的思路，而且，这里往往包含主题句，它提供的信息是把握全文主旨的关键，可以帮助考生判断全文大意甚至全文主题。所以利用首句信息解题是处理完形填空中任何问题都必须遵循的步骤，掌握好了首句，有助于抓住文章主旨，因而我们才可以通过上下文确定文章所要前进的方向。
【示例】 It was a cld winter afternn befre Christmas. My parents and I sat n the bench in Unin Railway Statin in Washingtn D．C, waiting fr the ____1____. Inside the waiting hall were many peple.
1．A．trainB．busC．planeD．car
【示例】 During my secnd year at the city cllege, I was tld that the educatin department was ffering a “free” curse, called Thinking Chess, fr three credits（学分）... I managed t get an A in that __1__ and learned life lessns that have served me well beynd the 2 classrm．
1．A.game B．test C．curse D．experiment
（二）、利用上下文逻辑关系解题
完形填空中的每一个空格并非孤立存在的，命题者必须通过上下文体现出某种线索来保证空格所填答案的唯一性，而这一线索即是上下文乃至贯穿全文的逻辑关系，若在解题时忽视这一点，则无异于只见树木，不见森林。文章的逻辑关系不外乎有列举、并列、因果、让步、对照、递进、目的、条件等，命题者往往借助于连词或介词短语来设置选项，因此在平时学习时就应该分清并牢记相关连词及介词短语所表示的逻辑关系。
【示例】When Billy lked thrugh bxes, walked thrugh papers ____48____ did sme cleaning, he fund all kinds f little treasures. He fund ld tys, many bks and funny pictures f his parents. The pictures were taken ____49____ they were yunger. Billy fund
48．A．rB．butC．sD．and
【示例】On the day f the race, just befre the race, my father said t me, “Dn’t run ut f all yur energy (能量) at the ___65___ f the race. Yu need t have energy, ___66___ yu can run much faster at the end.”
66．A．becauseB．sC．sinceD．but
（三）、利用排比结构解题
“排比结构”指的是结构相同或相似，意思密切关联，语法一致的句子或词组成串排列的语言现象。排比结构的形式整齐匀称，内容联系紧密。试题命制者常从排比结构的句式相同或相似这一角度，利用其表现意义的关联或对比这一特点来设空。
【示例】We were all tuched. Dad _____13_____ and sn returned with cups f ht chclate and a pizza. Mum and Dad went up t thse rags, “Excuse me...”
13．A．went away B．tk awayC．put awayD．gave away
（四）、利用词汇复现解题
由于完形填空的文章是一个意义相关联的语篇，它往往要围绕一个话题论述，因此行文中词语的重复、替代或同现的现象是不可避免的，即某一词常常以原词、同义词或近义词以及其它形式重复出现在语篇之中。词汇复现的语用意义使得语篇中的句子相互衔接和连贯，从而构成一个完整和有机的意义整体。根据这一原则，某一个空格所对应的答案很可能就是在上下文中复现的相关词，考生可以这些词之间的有机联系来决定答案。
【示例】I started t lve running at a yung age. I lved t race my father and my sister arund ur big ___61___. I wished I culd run in the Olympics and win lts f medals.
I ___63___ the next few days practicing fr my big race. My sister set up a table in the backyard s she culd ___64___ me water and time me.
61．A．gardenB．playgrundC．huseD．backyard
【示例】While high schl des nt generally encurage students t explre new aspects f life，cllege sets the stage fr that explratin. I myself went thrugh this __41__ prcess and fund smething that has changed my 42.experience at cllege fr the better：I discvered ASL—American Sign Language(美式手语)．
41．A.searching B．planning
C．natural D．frmal
（五）、利用对比结构解题
对比结构常把两种对立的事物或同一事物的两个不同方面并列出来加以比较或对比。高考完形填空题常常利用句子之间的对比关系或者同一个句子的不同部分之间的对比关系设计题目。
【示例】 He had always been interested in medicine and had read a bk, which discussed the idea f hw bdy chemistry and health can be damaged by emtinal stress and negative __47__. The bk made Cusins think abut the pssible __48__ f psitive attitudes and emtins.
47. A. attitudes B. beliefsC. gals D. psitins
48. A. shrtcmingB. harmC. benefitD. interest
【示例】“Of curse, we 22.ntice it when the sun is shining，” says Karin R, wh wrks fr the twn’s turism ffice. “We see the sky is __23__， but dwn in the valley it’s darker—it’s like n a 24.cludy day.”
23．A.empty B．blue C．high D．wide
（六）、利用词汇差异解题
词汇是完形填空的最大的考点,主要是对实义词的考查，如名词，形容词、动词，副词等。上海卷完形填空已经很少从语法结构分析或词汇的固定搭配角度来设置考点，测试要点主要是词意或用法辨析。解答此类题目时考生只需辨别意思即可，而对于同义或近义词，一定要结合上下文内容，根据句意做出判断。有时从单句看．似乎不止只有一个答案。必须结合上下文在含义和用法等多方面加以考虑才能做出选择。
【示例】…fr testing his new inventin—Umbrella Hat. He culd hardly wait t see whether it culd keep the rain ff. He carefully 14 the hat n his head and started walking…
14．A.raised B．placed C．drpped D．repaired
【示例】David had a brain disease which prevented him frm walking r running like ther children, but he always tried his best in whatever thers were ding. That was why ____18____ nne f the children thught it unusual fr him t jin the crss-cuntry team.
18．A．hardly B．nearly C．exactly D．prbably
（七）、利用作者情感态度来解题
第一遍通读时，应在掌握文章大意，弄清作者思路的基础上，着重寻找反映语境褒贬性的标志性词汇或句子，这些标志性词汇或句子往往对文章的语境褒贬性起着决定性的作用，因此，我们有时候可以根据作者对人物或事情的褒贬性来排除干扰做出正确的选择。
One day it happened, a small hle frmed in the ccn and the butterfly started t struggle (挣扎) t cme ut. At first the by was ____16____, but sn he became wrried. The butterfly was struggling s hard.
16．A．shcked B．relaxedC．excitedD．disappinted
【示例】I figured whever lst the dg was prbably just as 59.clse t it as I am t my dgs，” says Ehlers. “If it had been my dg, I’d hpe that smebdy wuld be __16__ t g that extra mile.”
16．A.suitable B．prud C．wise D．willing
（八）、依据常识，确定答案
完形填空的文章内容往往与文化生活、史地知识、生活科技等相关，有些内容是我们已经掌握的生活常识。知识范围越广，越有利于文章的理解。因而答题时要充分调动相关知识帮助我们分析、推断，最终确定答案。
【示例】 “I will display three best inventins in my shp. I'm sure yu will have a(n) 15 f winning a prize.”
15．A.chice B．chance C．excuse D．experience
一、阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
Grandpa Charlie liked wearing his red hat and taking a walk with Grandsn Tyler. He enjyed 1 at peple n the street. Day by day, peple smiled and waved back when they saw the red hat.
That day Grandpa Charlie had his red hat n and tk a walk with Tyler as usual. They met Henry wh was wearing a grey hat. He was quite sad. It seemed that 2 in the wrld culd cheer him up. “My dctr is making me take walks. I dn’t like it,” Henry 3 , pulling his scarf up ver his nse. “It shuld be autumn nw, 4 it feels like the dead f winter!”
Suddenly, a wind came. Bth men’s hats flew twards a lake and Henry’s went 5 . Tyler ran dwn the hill, picked up Grandpa’s hat frm the grass and fished Henry’s ut f water.
“It’s wet. Just 6 the hat!” Henry said hpelessly.
Tyler didn’t knw what t say. He gave the red hat t Grandpa, “Here it is. I’ve picked it up frm the grass.” Just at that time, he thught f hw every time peple waved at the 7 and came up with a plan. He asked Grandpa, “Henry desn’t want his grey hat because it’s wet. Can I give him 8 ?” Grandpa agreed.
Henry tk the red hat and put it n. A car passed, and 9 , the peple inside waved at him. Anther tw cars passed and the peple inside waved. Henry felt strange. When the peple in the 10 car did the same, he waved back. After waving back several times, he smiled feeling every step easier. Tyler’s 11 turned ut t be a success.
Anther day, they met Henry again n the street.
“Gd evening. Want t take a 12 with me? ”Henry said.
“What’s ging n? I thught yu hated it.” Tyler’s eyes lit up.
“Well, I 13 thught I culd be different. Thanks t the hat yu guys gave me, everything has changed.” Henry lked much 14 and the sadness nce cvering his face was nwhere t be fund.
Later n Grandpa Charlie’s birthday, he received a red hat frm Henry, just like his ld ne. After that day, the tw men in the 15 hats waved t every car that passed, and the peple in every car waved back.
1．A．lkingB．wavingC．laughingD．pinting
2．A．nthingB．smethingC．everythingD．anything
3．A．rderedB．advisedC．warnedD．cmplained
4．A．unlessB．butC．sD．r
5．A．acrssB．upC．inD．by
6．A．try nB．tidy upC．take ffD．thrw away
7．A．hatB．carC．scarfD．lake
8．A．hisB．mineC．yursD．theirs
9．A．finallyB．surprisinglyC．luckilyD．generally
10．A．firstB．secndC．thirdD．furth
11．A．replyB．planC．excuseD．agreement
12．A．breakB．riskC．tripD．walk
13．A．neverB．ftenC．smetimesD．always
14．A．happierB．braverC．angrierD．lnelier
15．A．ldB．strangeC．magicalD．expensive
二、阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
The little girl went t schl each day feeling frightened. She had been used t it, but it still hurt her when her classmates 16 her.
When she was yunger, she used t 17 when the laughing began. But as she grew lder, she n lnger hid in shame. Still, it hurt. She had n 18 . The laughing turned her int a girl wh kept t herself. But friends were what she wanted mst.
“Yur mther is s 19 ,” the kids wuld say, “Yur mther’s 20 is like a mnster’s ne,” they said. “Cathy has a mnster fr a mther!”
Smetimes, Cathy wanted t 21 that her mther was nt her mther. She wanted t tell the thers that the wman was nt her mther at all. When this happened, she was filled with guilt(内疚) and 22 , fr her mther was the 23 and mst generus f all the mthers in the wrld. She did s many great things and helped lts f peple.
Cathy’s mther did in fact have a scary face. It has lng purple ugly scars (伤疤) n it. One day, when Cathy came hme 24 , her grandmther tk her aside. “Why are yu crying?” asked her grandmther. Cathy explained hw difficult it was t stand the laughing frm her classmates. She tld her hw 25 she felt each day at schl with n friends arund her.
Her grandmther said, “It’s time t tell yu the stry f 26 yur mther came t have such a face. One day, yu were sleeping in yur bed and yur mther was acrss the street talking with a neighbr. 27 , she nticed smke cming frm yur huse. Everyne rushed t the dr, but it was t dangerus t g inside. Yur mther ran int the fire withut thinking twice, nt thinking f 28 , nly f yu, her dear child. She brught yu ut safely, 29 her wn bdy was burned frm tp t bttm, especially her face. That’s the stry f the ugly scars.” Cathy was 30 again embarrassed f her mther.
Frm that day n, she walked with her head high, knwing that she, abve all the ther children, had a mther wh lved her very much.
16．A．lked frB．heard frmC．laughed atD．wrried abut
17．A．hideB．cryC．argueD．fight
18．A．familyB．friendsC．teachersD．classmates
19．A．badB．wrriedC．prD．ugly
20．A．faceB．bdyC．nseD．eye
21．A．lieB．changeC．leaveD．discuss
22．A．lveB．shameC．angerD．fear
23．A．prettiestB．happiestC．richestD．kindest
24．A．talkingB．cryingC．shutingD．laughing
25．A．surprisedB．angryC．lnelyD．bred
26．A．hwB．whenC．whatD．where
27．A．SpeciallyB．BravelyC．SuddenlyD．Slwly
28．A．herselfB．yurselfC．himselfD．themselves
29．A．becauseB．sC．andD．but
30．A．alwaysB．neverC．smetimesD．ften
三、通读下面短文，从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项填入空格内，使短文通顺、连贯。
As a funny student, Brian lved watching cmedies best and hped t becme a cmedy actr ne day. When he 31 the talent shw t be held at this schl, Brian decided t take part in it.
He had 32 acted in public befre, s he was very excited. But sme students 33 him. “Yu are nt funny but 34 .” Ken, ne f his classmates, said. “N ne will like what yu d,” anther by als said t him ludly.
Brian culdn’t 35 why they were s unkind t him. Fr a mment, he thught abut giving up the shw. But he remembered 36 his friends liked his jkes, and als his teachers said he was very funny. S he decided t prepare fr the 37 .
Brian did a great 38 at the talent shw. Everyne lved his perfrmance, and he wn the first prize! His teachers and friends were prud f him and said he wuld be 39 in the future. Even s, Ken tld Brian that he was nt funny. Brian didn’t understand why Ken said s, but he realized that it had 40 t d with him. He 41 cntinued t wrk twards his dream.
As the years went n, Brian met mre peple like Ken. Luckily, mst peple 42 him and sme helped him t becme even 43 . He gt a lt f chances t perfrm in mvies. He was even invited t appear n televisin.
Nw Brian is a famus cmedy 44 ! He is ding what he lves best. He never feels wrried like thse unkind peple, and he laughs all day lng!
Remember the bttm line is that yu can’t let the behavir f thers 45 yur jy. Fcus n being the best and happiest that yu can be—that’s where yur energy shuld g.
31．A．heard abutB．tried utC．prepared frD．learned frm
32．A．alreadyB．neverC．everD．yet
33．A．laughed atB．pinted atC．shuted atD．lked at
34．A．interestingB．seriusC．sillyD．smart
35．A．askB．guessC．understandD．imagine
36．A．hw muchB．hw manyC．hw ftenD．hw far
37．A．hmewrkB．examC．classD．shw
38．A．dealB．jbC．wrkD．thing
39．A．cnfusedB．regretfulC．satisfiedD．successful
40．A．smethingB．everythingC．anythingD．nthing
41．A．plitelyB．cnfidentlyC．angrilyD．sadly
42．A．challengedB．encuragedC．remindedD．wrried
43．A．sillierB．prettierC．funnierD．easier
44．A．actrB．writerC．prducerD．directr
45．A．findB．hideC．influenceD．bring
四、阅读下面短文，理解其大意，然后从各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
On a Friday evening in December, tw weeks befre Christmas, I lst my jb. I hadn’t seen it cming. But I was 46 fr the weekend, when my daughter, Kristil and I planned t get ur Christmas tree.
I wasn’t just a single parent. I was the nly 47 . I did everything I culd d t give Kristil a gd life, but there were sme things my lve culdn’t fix. The next day as we 48 the Christmas tree prices, I was dwn. 49 handed, we returned hme.
Over the next week, I crazily lked fr 50 as my bank accunt (账户) grew smaller. I felt 51 the wrld was clsing.
On a weekend afternn, I glanced (一瞥) ut the windw. I 52 nticed a small wman with shrt white hair trying t pen her car dr 53 the wind. She, Esther Heffernan, the teacher I first met 10 years 54 , when I was her student at Edgewd Cllege in Madisn. Kristil was 3 at the time, and I smetimes tk her t class. Esther wuld 55 bring clring bks t Kristi.
I rushed ut f the huse, waving my hands. I ran twards her and invited her inside. I 56 her a cup f ht cffee. She 57 asked hw everything was ging with me. My face tuned red. She hugged me, whispering, “everything will be OK.” Befre 58 left, she insisted n giving me an envelpe (信封), which she asked me t pen later.
When I pened the envelpe, inside I fund sme mney and a 59 , saying, “lve is nt just living thrugh the strms, but dancing in the rain.” With the wind 60 and the sunshine taking n sme glden clr, warmth crwded ver me.
46．A．excitedB．interestedC．surprisedD．brkenhearted
47．A．wifeB．brtherC．parentD．friend
48．A．eyedB．changedC．cveredD．printed
49．A．FullB．EmptyC．HeavyD．Lw
50．A．treesB．daughtersC．suggestinsD．jbs
51．A．even thughB．as ifC．ever sinceD．in rder that
52．A．suddenlyB．finallyC．nearlyD．actually
53．A．thrughB．intC．withD．against
54．A．earlierB．laterC．snerD．lnger
55．A．calmlyB．warmlyC．slwlyD．fairly
56．A．sldB．prvidedC．handedD．shwed
57．A．shylyB．angrilyC．quietlyD．kindly
58．A．heB．weC．sheD．I
59．A．nteB．keyC．treeD．wrd
60．A．cming inB．turning dwnC．dying dwnD．running in
五、通读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后在各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中选出一个最佳选项。
I jined a band as a drummer in my middle schl. I thught it wuld be fun playing the drum and meeting new friends. At first it was easy, but a mnth later, it gt 61 . I was the nly ne wh culdn’t catch up with the ther 62 .
Our teacher, Angie, singled me ut t keep practicing 63 everyne else gt t relax. I felt ashamed as my teammates watched me 64 s many times. Finally I gt s tired f practicing that I didn’t care abut ding it right.
“Are yu giving up n me, Steve?” Angie asked.
“Yes, I am,” I 65 and ran away. Angie sent me inside the music rm and said, “Dn’t be sad. I believe yu can make it!” She tld me never t 66 . She added, “Remember, it’s kay t make mistakes. That’s 67 we learn and grw as musicians.” Then she left me alne and I realized Angie was right—by giving up, I nt nly gave up myself but als the 68 .
With her cmfrt, I decided t g n practicing. Hwever, I 69 culdn’t play well.
Knwing my difficulties, my teammates gave me a 70 . They spent abut three mre hurs practicing with me every week. Thanks t their 71 , I began t keep pace with them. Later, we perfrmed 72 in an imprtant shw.
In the whle prcess, I was taught that we each had ur wn jb t d in a 73 , and it wuld take all f us wrking tgether t make the shw great. I felt 74 and made great prgress. I lve 75 in the band, and I can’t imagine what my schl life wuld be like withut them.
61．A．bringB．excitingC．busyD．difficult
62．A．playersB．teachersC．musiciansD．artists
63．A．andB．sC．whileD．because
64．A．cryB．playC．failD．perfrm
65．A．laughedB．shutedC．cntinuedD．explained
66．A．give utB．give awayC．give inD．give up
67．A．hwB．whyC．whetherD．when
68．A．classB．teamC．familyD．classes
69．A．alsB．evenC．stillD．nly
70．A．rideB．handC．callD．lift
71．A．musicB．supprtC．smileD．curage
72．A．terriblyB．wnderfullyC．carefullyD．nrmally
73．A．shwB．gameC．meetingD．chance
74．A．hurtB．acceptedC．receivedD．refused
75．A．everybdyB．smebdyC．anybdyD．nbdy
完形填空以记叙文为主，主题语境包括人与自我，人与社会，人与自然。侧重考查在具体语境中运用词汇知识的能力，降低了对单词本身用法的考查，少量熟词生义和一词多义的考查。选材内容源于真实生活，以人物思想和行为为中心，体现理性思维，人文情怀、参与社会的人文素养等正能量；以时间或空间的变化为线索，按事件的发生、发展和结束来展开叙述；时态上多以一般过去时为主，其他时态为辅。
考查内容：
1.试题以名词，动词，形容词和副词等信息词汇为考查重点，淡化对介词，连词，冠词等结构的考察，测试学生在具体情境中灵活运用所学知识的能力。
2.实词中偏重于对动词和名词的考查，同时对形容词、副词以及其他词类的考查。试题以情境意义选择为主，纯语法性选择近年已趋近于零。
3.降低对单词考查的要求，突出对文章整体内容理解能力的考查以及同义词与近义词的比较分辨。需要具备的学习素质和能力：词汇，语法，长难句分析。
【应试技巧】
1、了解记叙文的六要素
记叙文，无论是记人还是叙事，都会交代清楚时间、地点、人物、 事件、经过和结果，即记叙文的“六要素”。弄清了这六个要素，基本上就理解了整篇文章。
2、明确作者的写作目的
就事论事一般来说不是作者记叙的目的，作者往往通过叙述阐明个道理。 作者总是为了某个目的，在情节选择和细节描写上作出合理的安排。读者明晰了写作目的，就能抓住文章的主旨。
3、读懂作者的观点或态度
解题时要认真分析全文，看作者是否一直采用某种态度叙事或描述人。 为了增加试题难度，命题人往往采用变化的形式，考生只有在语境的指导下，对文章进行逻辑推断，才能推出文字之下的深层信息。
4、弄清作者叙述的视角
弄清文章是以第几人称的视角展开记叙的。通常英语记叙文展开记叙的视角有两个:第一人称和第三人称。 用第一人称就是从 ”参与者”的角度进行记叙，读者可从字里行间感受到作者态度和感情。用第三人称就是以“观察者”的身份展开叙述，作者的语气客观，与读者保持定距高，读者的注意力更多地集中在故事本身上。了解作者的写作角度有助于我们抓住作者思维，深入理解文章的意义，把握好语境。
（2023·浙江湖州·中考真题）阅读下面短文，理解其大意，然后从各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
Ella lved her new life in Alaska, except fr ne thing—Grandma wasn’t happy.
Befre they mved here, Ella lived with Dad and Grandma in Kansas. Every day Ella and Grandma cked, gardened r sewed (缝纫) tgether.
Then Dad gt a jb in Alaska and wuld take 1 with him. Grandma thught Alaska wasn’t a gd place fr a child. She wanted Ella t stay 2 Dad didn’t agree. Finally Grandma decided t g, t. Ella was verjyed. She culdn’t 3 living anywhere withut Grandma.
By autumn, they were in Alaska. Ella had never had s much 4 . She made sme friends and rde in the snwfall. Grandma, hwever, didn’t share Ella’s jy. She didn’t like the cld and 5 stayed at hme. She ften said she 6 the garden f sunflwers back in Kansas.
Ella was 7 and wished t make Grandma happy. She went t her new friend Laura fr 8 . Laura’s mm Helen suggested, “We can make yur grandma a sunflwer quilt that will be cheery and warm.” “Gd idea!” Ella said.
Ella then secretly 9 sme brightest clth frm Grandma’s bag and sewed the sunflwer quilt every afternn in Laura’s huse. It was slw ging but enjyable. She wanted t give Grandma a 10 .
But Grandma seemed sadder and sadder, always talking abut the 11 and friends in Kansas. One night Ella heard Grandma 12 . She decided t take Grandma t Laura’s huse the next day.
When Grandma saw the quilt they were making fr 13 these days, she was mved t tears. She 14 and helped with the sewing. They chatted and laughed. Ella hadn’t heard Grandma sund s 15 since they left Kansas.
Maybe what Grandma really needed was staying tgether, Ella thught.
1．A．EllaB．HelenC．GrandmaD．Laura
2．A．rB．sC．andD．but
3．A．avidB．suggestC．imagineD．frget
4．A．hmewrkB．sleepC．trubleD．excitement
5．A．mstlyB．nceC．stillD．seldm
6．A．missedB．fundC．sldD．entered
7．A．bredB．wrriedC．relaxedD．interested
8．A．giftsB．flwersC．curageD．advice
9．A．receivedB．chseC．brrwedD．made
10．A．taskB．prizeC．surpriseD．chice
11．A．schlB．libraryC．gardenD．htel
12．A．cryingB．singingC．readingD．cughing
13．A．himB．herC．usD．them
14．A．hung utB．went awayC．shwed upD．sat dwn
15．A．seriusB．cheerfulC．pliteD．strange
（一）、利用文章首句信息解题
完形填空首先考查的就是考生对文章的理解能力。因此考生在做完形填空时，应把它作为一个意思连贯、结构完整的语篇，而不是单项选择。首句或前几句话都是完整的，为考生提供足够的信息去挖掘文章的思路，而且，这里往往包含主题句，它提供的信息是把握全文主旨的关键，可以帮助考生判断全文大意甚至全文主题。所以利用首句信息解题是处理完形填空中任何问题都必须遵循的步骤，掌握好了首句，有助于抓住文章主旨，因而我们才可以通过上下文确定文章所要前进的方向。
【示例】 It was a cld winter afternn befre Christmas. My parents and I sat n the bench in Unin Railway Statin in Washingtn D．C, waiting fr the ____1____. Inside the waiting hall were many peple.
1．A．trainB．busC．planeD．car
【示例】 During my secnd year at the city cllege, I was tld that the educatin department was ffering a “free” curse, called Thinking Chess, fr three credits（学分）... I managed t get an A in that __1__ and learned life lessns that have served me well beynd the 2 classrm．
1．A.game B．test C．curse D．experiment
（二）、利用上下文逻辑关系解题
完形填空中的每一个空格并非孤立存在的，命题者必须通过上下文体现出某种线索来保证空格所填答案的唯一性，而这一线索即是上下文乃至贯穿全文的逻辑关系，若在解题时忽视这一点，则无异于只见树木，不见森林。文章的逻辑关系不外乎有列举、并列、因果、让步、对照、递进、目的、条件等，命题者往往借助于连词或介词短语来设置选项，因此在平时学习时就应该分清并牢记相关连词及介词短语所表示的逻辑关系。
【示例】When Billy lked thrugh bxes, walked thrugh papers ____48____ did sme cleaning, he fund all kinds f little treasures. He fund ld tys, many bks and funny pictures f his parents. The pictures were taken ____49____ they were yunger. Billy fund
48．A．rB．butC．sD．and
【示例】On the day f the race, just befre the race, my father said t me, “Dn’t run ut f all yur energy (能量) at the ___65___ f the race. Yu need t have energy, ___66___ yu can run much faster at the end.”
66．A．becauseB．sC．sinceD．but
（三）、利用排比结构解题
“排比结构”指的是结构相同或相似，意思密切关联，语法一致的句子或词组成串排列的语言现象。排比结构的形式整齐匀称，内容联系紧密。试题命制者常从排比结构的句式相同或相似这一角度，利用其表现意义的关联或对比这一特点来设空。
【示例】We were all tuched. Dad _____13_____ and sn returned with cups f ht chclate and a pizza. Mum and Dad went up t thse rags, “Excuse me...”
13．A．went away B．tk awayC．put awayD．gave away
（四）、利用词汇复现解题
由于完形填空的文章是一个意义相关联的语篇，它往往要围绕一个话题论述，因此行文中词语的重复、替代或同现的现象是不可避免的，即某一词常常以原词、同义词或近义词以及其它形式重复出现在语篇之中。词汇复现的语用意义使得语篇中的句子相互衔接和连贯，从而构成一个完整和有机的意义整体。根据这一原则，某一个空格所对应的答案很可能就是在上下文中复现的相关词，考生可以这些词之间的有机联系来决定答案。
【示例】I started t lve running at a yung age. I lved t race my father and my sister arund ur big ___61___. I wished I culd run in the Olympics and win lts f medals.
I ___63___ the next few days practicing fr my big race. My sister set up a table in the backyard s she culd ___64___ me water and time me.
61．A．gardenB．playgrundC．huseD．backyard
【示例】While high schl des nt generally encurage students t explre new aspects f life，cllege sets the stage fr that explratin. I myself went thrugh this __41__ prcess and fund smething that has changed my 42.experience at cllege fr the better：I discvered ASL—American Sign Language(美式手语)．
41．A.searching B．planning
C．natural D．frmal
（五）、利用对比结构解题
对比结构常把两种对立的事物或同一事物的两个不同方面并列出来加以比较或对比。高考完形填空题常常利用句子之间的对比关系或者同一个句子的不同部分之间的对比关系设计题目。
【示例】 He had always been interested in medicine and had read a bk, which discussed the idea f hw bdy chemistry and health can be damaged by emtinal stress and negative __47__. The bk made Cusins think abut the pssible __48__ f psitive attitudes and emtins.
47. A. attitudes B. beliefsC. gals D. psitins
48. A. shrtcmingB. harmC. benefitD. interest
【示例】“Of curse, we 22.ntice it when the sun is shining，” says Karin R, wh wrks fr the twn’s turism ffice. “We see the sky is __23__， but dwn in the valley it’s darker—it’s like n a 24.cludy day.”
23．A.empty B．blue C．high D．wide
（六）、利用词汇差异解题
词汇是完形填空的最大的考点,主要是对实义词的考查，如名词，形容词、动词，副词等。上海卷完形填空已经很少从语法结构分析或词汇的固定搭配角度来设置考点，测试要点主要是词意或用法辨析。解答此类题目时考生只需辨别意思即可，而对于同义或近义词，一定要结合上下文内容，根据句意做出判断。有时从单句看．似乎不止只有一个答案。必须结合上下文在含义和用法等多方面加以考虑才能做出选择。
【示例】…fr testing his new inventin—Umbrella Hat. He culd hardly wait t see whether it culd keep the rain ff. He carefully 14 the hat n his head and started walking…
14．A.raised B．placed C．drpped D．repaired
【示例】David had a brain disease which prevented him frm walking r running like ther children, but he always tried his best in whatever thers were ding. That was why ____18____ nne f the children thught it unusual fr him t jin the crss-cuntry team.
18．A．hardly B．nearly C．exactly D．prbably
（七）、利用作者情感态度来解题
第一遍通读时，应在掌握文章大意，弄清作者思路的基础上，着重寻找反映语境褒贬性的标志性词汇或句子，这些标志性词汇或句子往往对文章的语境褒贬性起着决定性的作用，因此，我们有时候可以根据作者对人物或事情的褒贬性来排除干扰做出正确的选择。
One day it happened, a small hle frmed in the ccn and the butterfly started t struggle (挣扎) t cme ut. At first the by was ____16____, but sn he became wrried. The butterfly was struggling s hard.
16．A．shcked B．relaxedC．excitedD．disappinted
【示例】I figured whever lst the dg was prbably just as 59.clse t it as I am t my dgs，” says Ehlers. “If it had been my dg, I’d hpe that smebdy wuld be __16__ t g that extra mile.”
16．A.suitable B．prud C．wise D．willing
（八）、依据常识，确定答案
完形填空的文章内容往往与文化生活、史地知识、生活科技等相关，有些内容是我们已经掌握的生活常识。知识范围越广，越有利于文章的理解。因而答题时要充分调动相关知识帮助我们分析、推断，最终确定答案。
【示例】 “I will display three best inventins in my shp. I'm sure yu will have a(n) 15 f winning a prize.”
15．A.chice B．chance C．excuse D．experience
一、阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
Grandpa Charlie liked wearing his red hat and taking a walk with Grandsn Tyler. He enjyed 1 at peple n the street. Day by day, peple smiled and waved back when they saw the red hat.
That day Grandpa Charlie had his red hat n and tk a walk with Tyler as usual. They met Henry wh was wearing a grey hat. He was quite sad. It seemed that 2 in the wrld culd cheer him up. “My dctr is making me take walks. I dn’t like it,” Henry 3 , pulling his scarf up ver his nse. “It shuld be autumn nw, 4 it feels like the dead f winter!”
Suddenly, a wind came. Bth men’s hats flew twards a lake and Henry’s went 5 . Tyler ran dwn the hill, picked up Grandpa’s hat frm the grass and fished Henry’s ut f water.
“It’s wet. Just 6 the hat!” Henry said hpelessly.
Tyler didn’t knw what t say. He gave the red hat t Grandpa, “Here it is. I’ve picked it up frm the grass.” Just at that time, he thught f hw every time peple waved at the 7 and came up with a plan. He asked Grandpa, “Henry desn’t want his grey hat because it’s wet. Can I give him 8 ?” Grandpa agreed.
Henry tk the red hat and put it n. A car passed, and 9 , the peple inside waved at him. Anther tw cars passed and the peple inside waved. Henry felt strange. When the peple in the 10 car did the same, he waved back. After waving back several times, he smiled feeling every step easier. Tyler’s 11 turned ut t be a success.
Anther day, they met Henry again n the street.
“Gd evening. Want t take a 12 with me? ”Henry said.
“What’s ging n? I thught yu hated it.” Tyler’s eyes lit up.
“Well, I 13 thught I culd be different. Thanks t the hat yu guys gave me, everything has changed.” Henry lked much 14 and the sadness nce cvering his face was nwhere t be fund.
Later n Grandpa Charlie’s birthday, he received a red hat frm Henry, just like his ld ne. After that day, the tw men in the 15 hats waved t every car that passed, and the peple in every car waved back.
1．A．lkingB．wavingC．laughingD．pinting
2．A．nthingB．smethingC．everythingD．anything
3．A．rderedB．advisedC．warnedD．cmplained
4．A．unlessB．butC．sD．r
5．A．acrssB．upC．inD．by
6．A．try nB．tidy upC．take ffD．thrw away
7．A．hatB．carC．scarfD．lake
8．A．hisB．mineC．yursD．theirs
9．A．finallyB．surprisinglyC．luckilyD．generally
10．A．firstB．secndC．thirdD．furth
11．A．replyB．planC．excuseD．agreement
12．A．breakB．riskC．tripD．walk
13．A．neverB．ftenC．smetimesD．always
14．A．happierB．braverC．angrierD．lnelier
15．A．ldB．strangeC．magicalD．expensive
二、阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
The little girl went t schl each day feeling frightened. She had been used t it, but it still hurt her when her classmates 16 her.
When she was yunger, she used t 17 when the laughing began. But as she grew lder, she n lnger hid in shame. Still, it hurt. She had n 18 . The laughing turned her int a girl wh kept t herself. But friends were what she wanted mst.
“Yur mther is s 19 ,” the kids wuld say, “Yur mther’s 20 is like a mnster’s ne,” they said. “Cathy has a mnster fr a mther!”
Smetimes, Cathy wanted t 21 that her mther was nt her mther. She wanted t tell the thers that the wman was nt her mther at all. When this happened, she was filled with guilt(内疚) and 22 , fr her mther was the 23 and mst generus f all the mthers in the wrld. She did s many great things and helped lts f peple.
Cathy’s mther did in fact have a scary face. It has lng purple ugly scars (伤疤) n it. One day, when Cathy came hme 24 , her grandmther tk her aside. “Why are yu crying?” asked her grandmther. Cathy explained hw difficult it was t stand the laughing frm her classmates. She tld her hw 25 she felt each day at schl with n friends arund her.
Her grandmther said, “It’s time t tell yu the stry f 26 yur mther came t have such a face. One day, yu were sleeping in yur bed and yur mther was acrss the street talking with a neighbr. 27 , she nticed smke cming frm yur huse. Everyne rushed t the dr, but it was t dangerus t g inside. Yur mther ran int the fire withut thinking twice, nt thinking f 28 , nly f yu, her dear child. She brught yu ut safely, 29 her wn bdy was burned frm tp t bttm, especially her face. That’s the stry f the ugly scars.” Cathy was 30 again embarrassed f her mther.
Frm that day n, she walked with her head high, knwing that she, abve all the ther children, had a mther wh lved her very much.
16．A．lked frB．heard frmC．laughed atD．wrried abut
17．A．hideB．cryC．argueD．fight
18．A．familyB．friendsC．teachersD．classmates
19．A．badB．wrriedC．prD．ugly
20．A．faceB．bdyC．nseD．eye
21．A．lieB．changeC．leaveD．discuss
22．A．lveB．shameC．angerD．fear
23．A．prettiestB．happiestC．richestD．kindest
24．A．talkingB．cryingC．shutingD．laughing
25．A．surprisedB．angryC．lnelyD．bred
26．A．hwB．whenC．whatD．where
27．A．SpeciallyB．BravelyC．SuddenlyD．Slwly
28．A．herselfB．yurselfC．himselfD．themselves
29．A．becauseB．sC．andD．but
30．A．alwaysB．neverC．smetimesD．ften
三、通读下面短文，从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项填入空格内，使短文通顺、连贯。
As a funny student, Brian lved watching cmedies best and hped t becme a cmedy actr ne day. When he 31 the talent shw t be held at this schl, Brian decided t take part in it.
He had 32 acted in public befre, s he was very excited. But sme students 33 him. “Yu are nt funny but 34 .” Ken, ne f his classmates, said. “N ne will like what yu d,” anther by als said t him ludly.
Brian culdn’t 35 why they were s unkind t him. Fr a mment, he thught abut giving up the shw. But he remembered 36 his friends liked his jkes, and als his teachers said he was very funny. S he decided t prepare fr the 37 .
Brian did a great 38 at the talent shw. Everyne lved his perfrmance, and he wn the first prize! His teachers and friends were prud f him and said he wuld be 39 in the future. Even s, Ken tld Brian that he was nt funny. Brian didn’t understand why Ken said s, but he realized that it had 40 t d with him. He 41 cntinued t wrk twards his dream.
As the years went n, Brian met mre peple like Ken. Luckily, mst peple 42 him and sme helped him t becme even 43 . He gt a lt f chances t perfrm in mvies. He was even invited t appear n televisin.
Nw Brian is a famus cmedy 44 ! He is ding what he lves best. He never feels wrried like thse unkind peple, and he laughs all day lng!
Remember the bttm line is that yu can’t let the behavir f thers 45 yur jy. Fcus n being the best and happiest that yu can be—that’s where yur energy shuld g.
31．A．heard abutB．tried utC．prepared frD．learned frm
32．A．alreadyB．neverC．everD．yet
33．A．laughed atB．pinted atC．shuted atD．lked at
34．A．interestingB．seriusC．sillyD．smart
35．A．askB．guessC．understandD．imagine
36．A．hw muchB．hw manyC．hw ftenD．hw far
37．A．hmewrkB．examC．classD．shw
38．A．dealB．jbC．wrkD．thing
39．A．cnfusedB．regretfulC．satisfiedD．successful
40．A．smethingB．everythingC．anythingD．nthing
41．A．plitelyB．cnfidentlyC．angrilyD．sadly
42．A．challengedB．encuragedC．remindedD．wrried
43．A．sillierB．prettierC．funnierD．easier
44．A．actrB．writerC．prducerD．directr
45．A．findB．hideC．influenceD．bring
四、阅读下面短文，理解其大意，然后从各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
On a Friday evening in December, tw weeks befre Christmas, I lst my jb. I hadn’t seen it cming. But I was 46 fr the weekend, when my daughter, Kristil and I planned t get ur Christmas tree.
I wasn’t just a single parent. I was the nly 47 . I did everything I culd d t give Kristil a gd life, but there were sme things my lve culdn’t fix. The next day as we 48 the Christmas tree prices, I was dwn. 49 handed, we returned hme.
Over the next week, I crazily lked fr 50 as my bank accunt (账户) grew smaller. I felt 51 the wrld was clsing.
On a weekend afternn, I glanced (一瞥) ut the windw. I 52 nticed a small wman with shrt white hair trying t pen her car dr 53 the wind. She, Esther Heffernan, the teacher I first met 10 years 54 , when I was her student at Edgewd Cllege in Madisn. Kristil was 3 at the time, and I smetimes tk her t class. Esther wuld 55 bring clring bks t Kristi.
I rushed ut f the huse, waving my hands. I ran twards her and invited her inside. I 56 her a cup f ht cffee. She 57 asked hw everything was ging with me. My face tuned red. She hugged me, whispering, “everything will be OK.” Befre 58 left, she insisted n giving me an envelpe (信封), which she asked me t pen later.
When I pened the envelpe, inside I fund sme mney and a 59 , saying, “lve is nt just living thrugh the strms, but dancing in the rain.” With the wind 60 and the sunshine taking n sme glden clr, warmth crwded ver me.
46．A．excitedB．interestedC．surprisedD．brkenhearted
47．A．wifeB．brtherC．parentD．friend
48．A．eyedB．changedC．cveredD．printed
49．A．FullB．EmptyC．HeavyD．Lw
50．A．treesB．daughtersC．suggestinsD．jbs
51．A．even thughB．as ifC．ever sinceD．in rder that
52．A．suddenlyB．finallyC．nearlyD．actually
53．A．thrughB．intC．withD．against
54．A．earlierB．laterC．snerD．lnger
55．A．calmlyB．warmlyC．slwlyD．fairly
56．A．sldB．prvidedC．handedD．shwed
57．A．shylyB．angrilyC．quietlyD．kindly
58．A．heB．weC．sheD．I
59．A．nteB．keyC．treeD．wrd
60．A．cming inB．turning dwnC．dying dwnD．running in
五、通读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后在各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中选出一个最佳选项。
I jined a band as a drummer in my middle schl. I thught it wuld be fun playing the drum and meeting new friends. At first it was easy, but a mnth later, it gt 61 . I was the nly ne wh culdn’t catch up with the ther 62 .
Our teacher, Angie, singled me ut t keep practicing 63 everyne else gt t relax. I felt ashamed as my teammates watched me 64 s many times. Finally I gt s tired f practicing that I didn’t care abut ding it right.
“Are yu giving up n me, Steve?” Angie asked.
“Yes, I am,” I 65 and ran away. Angie sent me inside the music rm and said, “Dn’t be sad. I believe yu can make it!” She tld me never t 66 . She added, “Remember, it’s kay t make mistakes. That’s 67 we learn and grw as musicians.” Then she left me alne and I realized Angie was right—by giving up, I nt nly gave up myself but als the 68 .
With her cmfrt, I decided t g n practicing. Hwever, I 69 culdn’t play well.
Knwing my difficulties, my teammates gave me a 70 . They spent abut three mre hurs practicing with me every week. Thanks t their 71 , I began t keep pace with them. Later, we perfrmed 72 in an imprtant shw.
In the whle prcess, I was taught that we each had ur wn jb t d in a 73 , and it wuld take all f us wrking tgether t make the shw great. I felt 74 and made great prgress. I lve 75 in the band, and I can’t imagine what my schl life wuld be like withut them.
61．A．bringB．excitingC．busyD．difficult
62．A．playersB．teachersC．musiciansD．artists
63．A．andB．sC．whileD．because
64．A．cryB．playC．failD．perfrm
65．A．laughedB．shutedC．cntinuedD．explained
66．A．give utB．give awayC．give inD．give up
67．A．hwB．whyC．whetherD．when
68．A．classB．teamC．familyD．classes
69．A．alsB．evenC．stillD．nly
70．A．rideB．handC．callD．lift
71．A．musicB．supprtC．smileD．curage
72．A．terriblyB．wnderfullyC．carefullyD．nrmally
73．A．shwB．gameC．meetingD．chance
74．A．hurtB．acceptedC．receivedD．refused
75．A．everybdyB．smebdyC．anybdyD．nbdy
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