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专题03 动词时态语态、非谓语动词 （讲练）-2024年中考英语二轮复习讲练测（浙江专用）
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这是一份专题03 动词时态语态、非谓语动词 （讲练）-2024年中考英语二轮复习讲练测（浙江专用），文件包含专题03动词时态语态非谓语动词讲练解析版docx、专题03动词时态语态非谓语动词讲练原题版docx等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共60页， 欢迎下载使用。
中考时态语态主要考察语法填空作文中的运用。要做好动词时态语态题,除了必须掌握各种时态的结构、含义和用法外,还应将动词放在具体的语言环境中学习。要了解几种时态的一些常规规则，答题时要研读题干，搜索出尽可能多的“时间参照信息”，尤其要注意时态的呼应情况。
初中英语非谓语动词形式主要包括动词不定式，现在分词，过去分词，以及动名词。主要考查动词不定式表目的，表将来；动名词做主语及宾语用法；现在分词表进行，表将来，过去分词表完成，表被动等。其考查重点为：
1. it作形式主语、宾语的用法
2. 感官动词后不定式作宾语补足语和动词ing形式作宾语补足语的用法:
3. 动词不定式与疑问代词和疑问副词的连用
4. 一些特殊动词的动词不定式作宾语补足语时不带口，但变为被动语态时就要带t:
5. 有些动词既可接不定式也可接动词ing形式作宽语，但表达的意思不同。
1．（2022·浙江温州·中考真题）—Lydia, have yu decided which city t travel t, Lndn r New Yrk?
—Nt yet. Maybe I ________ Lndn t meet my friends this time.
A．visitB．visitedC．will visitD．was visiting
2．（2017·浙江温州·中考真题）Simn lks wrried because he ________ a writing cmpetitin and nw he’s waiting fr the result.
A．entersB．enteredC．will enterD．is entering
3．（2021·浙江温州·中考真题）My father ________ me a funny jke and I can’t stp laughing every time I think f it.
A．tldB．tellsC．will tellD．is telling
4．（2011·山东泰安·中考真题）—Tm wants t knw if yu will have a picnic tmrrw.
—Yes. But if it ______, we’ll play chess instead.
A．will rainB．rainedC．is rainingD．rains
5．（2020·浙江温州·中考真题）—Have scientists fund life n Mars?
—Nt yet, but I think they ________it sme day.
A．findB．fundC．have fundD．will find
6．（2011·山东济南·中考真题）— ________ a year des yur schl have sprts meetings?
— Twice a year.
A．Hw ftenB．Hw sn
C．Hw lngD．Hw many times
7．（2011·浙江台州·中考真题）—I’ve gt a ticket fr the basketball game tnight.
—Cl! Hw ________ yu ________ it?
A．had，gtB．did，getC．were，gettingD．will，get
8．（2015·浙江杭州·中考真题）I________scared f dgs ever since a dg hurt me when I was five years ld.
A．will beB．wasC．have beenD．wuld be
9．（2013·浙江杭州·中考真题）Becky tk a pht f her friends while they _________ cmputer games.
A．playB．are playingC．were playingD．have played
10．（2011·浙江湖州·中考真题）— Hw was yur trip t Hang Zhu, Jim?
—Great! We ___ t Xixi Natinal Wetland Park.
A．gB．am gingC．will gD．went
11．（2011·浙江丽水·中考真题）— Must we clean the classrm nw?
— N, yu needn't. It after schl.
A．may cleanB．must cleanC．need be cleanedD．can be cleaned
12．（2011·广西钦州·中考真题）The envirnment in ur twn is getting wrse and wrse, s many trees ________.
A．are plantingB．shuld be plantedC．shuld plantD．will plant
13．（2011·浙江嘉兴·中考真题）Fd safety is imprtant. Rules ________ t prtect peple frm fd pllutin.
A．must makeB．must be madeC．can't makeD．can't be made
14．（2013·浙江丽水·中考真题）Each year quite a lt f fd __ arund the wrld. It’s really time fr us t d smething.
A．was wastedB．is wasted
C．wastedD．will be wasted
15．（2011·浙江宁波·中考真题）There was a big earthquake in Japan, but luckily many peple _________.
A．saveB．savedC．are savedD．were saved
16．（2011·浙江宁波·中考真题）— Hw beautiful the library is!
—Yes. It ________ last year.
A．buildsB．builtC．was builtD．is built
17．（2010·山东菏泽·中考真题）It_______ t drive after drinking wine.
A．is allwedB．is nt allwedC．is madeD．is welcmed
18．（2011·贵州铜仁·中考真题）Bamb can ___________ paper.
A．used t makeB．be used makeC．be used t makeD．be used t making
19．（2011·山东泰安·中考真题）—I feel tired and sleepy.
—Why nt stp ______ fr a while?
A．restB．t restC．restingD．rested
20．（2011·四川雅安·中考真题）Please tell the students ________ t much nise in class.
A．t makeB．t takeC．nt t takeD．nt t make
21．（2011·山东济南·中考真题）They decided at the end f this mnth.
A．t leaveB．ging backC．travelD．nt start ut
22．（2010·浙江金华·中考真题）It is imprtant _______ yu _______ ut fr a walk after supper.
A．f ; t gB．t; t gC．fr; t gD．fr; ging
23．（2010·浙江金华·中考真题）Hbbies can make yu ________ as a persn.
A．grwingB．t grwC．grwD．grwn
24．（2023·内蒙古·中考真题）—D yu always get up s early?
—Yes. ________ the first bus. My hme is far away frm schl.
A．T catchB．CatchingC．CaughtD．Catches
25．（2023·四川甘孜·中考真题）Mike made faces t make his little brther __________.
A．laughsB．laughC．t laughD．Laughing
Part I 动词时态语态
考向一：动词的时态
时态：包括一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、将来进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时、将来完成时等。考查时态时需要注意动词形式的变化以及句子所表达的时间点。
常用动词时态语态表
考向二：被动语态
被动语态是由“be+过去分词”构成。被动语态的时态通过be动词的变化来体现。be动词必须与主语的人称和数相一致。常见的被动结构有:
被动语态表示句子的主语是动作的承受者，也就是动作的对象，一般说来只有及物动词才有被动语态。
The stre is run by the trade unin.
English is spken in Canada.
Get型被动语态
被动语态的基本形式是由“be+及物动词的过去分词”构成的。但在现代英语中大量地出现了由“get+及物动词的过去分词”构成的被动语态，这叫get-型被动语态。get-型被动语态中的过去分词数量有限，通常为单个的动词或比较简单的动词短语。
get常同marry, beat, break, damage, tear, strike, hurt, paint, invite, repair, dress, pay, wund等动词的-ed形式连用，构成被动语态。这种结构一般指动作的结果而非动作本身，常指“最后终于，突然发生”等意义。
Cleaning wmen in big cities usually get paid by the hur.大城市的女钟点工按小时付酬。
He gt wunded in the battle. 他在战斗中受伤了。
The by gt hurt n his way hme frm wrk. 男孩在回家的路上受伤了。
主动形式表被动意义的情况
1、既是及物又是不及物的动词
一些既是及物又是不及物的动词。如read, write, sell, pen, shut, begin, wash, wear, cut, lck, play, pack, strike, split, act, draw, irn, dry, eat heat, clean等；此类动词常接副词作状语（有些可以不加）。
Bks f this kind sell well. 这本书很畅销。
The dr wn't shut.门关不上。
The shes wear well.这鞋子经穿。
The meat cuts easily. 这肉好切。
The wrk desn’t pay. 这项工作没有报酬。
2、系动词
系动词lk, feel, taste, sund, smell, prve, seem, appear等。此类动词常接形容词作表语。
-D yu like the material?你喜欢这块面料吗？
-Yes, it feels very sft. 喜欢，手感不错。
The dish tastes gd.这菜味道不错。
3、need等词后面常接主动的-ing分词形式
need, want, require, stand, take, wn’t bear, deserve等词后面常接主动的-ing分词形式，表示被动意义。在这种情况下，句子的主语在逻辑上是-ing分词的宾语。
Yur hair needs cutting. 你的头发需要理。
The rm wants cleaning everyday.这个房间需要每天打扫。
The pint deserves mentining. 这一点值得提。
The rules take sme learning. 这规则需要下点功夫学。
That wn’t bear thinking f. 那不堪想象。
考向三：被动语态的特殊用法
1.sell和sell ut
sell无被动语态; sell ut有被动语态。
The bk sells very well. / The bk has been sld ut.
2.take place/happen/change/break ut(爆发)无被动语态。
Our hmetwn has changed a lt. /A car accident happened just nw.
3.动词不定式符号t在be made/be heard/be seen中还原。
be made t d sth.被迫做某事; be heard/seen t d sth.被听到/看到做某事
The wrkers were made t wrk fr a lng time in the ld time.
The girl is heard t sing in the next dr. /The bys are seen t play sccer n the playgrund.
Part II 非谓语动词
考向一：不定式重难点
1.“一感一听三看两让”变被动语态时,动词不定式符号t要还原:feel/hear/
see/watch/ntice/have/make sb.d sth.→be felt/heard/seen/watched/nticed/had/made t d sth.
2.remember/frget/regret t d sth.记得/忘记/后悔去做某事
remember/frget/regret ding sth.记得/忘记/后悔做了某事
3.stp t d sth.停下来去做某事
stp ding sth.停止做某事
4.see/hear sb.ding sth.看见/听见某人正在做某事
see/hear sb.d sth.看见/听见某人做了某事或常做某事
5.常考的省略了t的动词不定式的句型:
Why nt d sth.?/Culd(Wuld) yu please (nt) d sth.?/had better (nt) d sth./wuld rather d
6.there be+主语+t d sth.
There is nthing t wrry abut.
7. “疑问词+不定式”结构：
疑问词wh, what, when, where, hw, which等后接不定式，构成不定式短语，在句中作主语，宾语，表语等。
Where t live is a prblem. （主语）
D yu knw when t start? （宾语）
The prblem is hw t use the machine. （表语）
I dn’t knw ________ t d it. （宾语） A.what B. hw
8.固定短语.
can’t wait t d sth迫不及待做某事
get/have a chance t d sth.得到一个做某事的机会
It’s+ adj.+(fr sb) t d sth.做某事（对某人来说）怎么样
It’s+adj.+(f sb.) t d sth.
It takes sb. Sme time/mney t d sth.花费某人多长时间做某事（常考）
It’s best fr sb. t d sth对某人来说做某事是最好的
It’s time fr sb t d sth.是某人做某事的时候了
t…(fr sb.)t 太以致不能…enugh t d=(否定)
the first/last/next/nly/secnd t d sth.
He is the nly persn t knw the truth.
She is the first persn t learn cmputer prgramming.
考向二：动名词重难点
后跟ding 的常考短语:
have difficulty/truble/prblems ding
feel like ding=wuld like t d
spend time (in) ding be busy ding
prefer ding t ding be used t ding
lk frward t ding devte t ding
make a cntributin t ding
考向三：分词重难点
现在分词与动名词的构成形式一样，也是由动词原形后加词尾-ing 构成。现在分词的形式：v-ing否定形式：nt+ v-ing
①作表语 The prblem is puzzling.
②作定语 A little child learning t walk ften falls.
③作宾补 Can yu hear the wman singing the sng utside?
④作状语 Lking ut f the windw, I saw s many ducks swimming in the pl.
【动词时态语态、非谓语动词整合训练】
一、单项选择（时态语态）
1. Lk, the children _______basketball n the playgrund.
A. playsB. are playingC. playingD. play
2.I first met Lisa three years ag. She _______ at a radi shp at the time.
A. has wrked B. was wrking C. had been wrking D. had wrked
3. The reprter said that the UFO ________ east t west when he saw it.
A. was traveling B. traveled C. had been traveling D. was t travel
4. When Li Ming hurried hme, he fund that his mther _______already _______t hspital.
A. has; been sent B. had; sent C. has; sent D. had; been sent
5. I didn’t meet him. He_______ when I gt there.
A. has leftB. leftC. had leftD. wuld leave
6. --Yur jb _______ pen fr yur return. --Thanks.
A. will be kept B. will keep C. had kept D. had been kept
7. We ______ Xia Li since she was a little girl.
A. knw B. had knwnC. have knwn D. knew
8. The huse belngs t my aunt but she_______ here any mre.
A. hasn't lived B. didn't live C. hadn't lived D. desn't live
9. We_______ the rf f ur huse last night, and we're ging t cmplete it tday.
A. repaired B. had repaired C. were repairing D. have repaired
10. The ther day, I ______ alng the street when the accident .
A. drve; was happening B. drve; happened
C. was driving; happened D. was driving; had happened
【Keys】1-10 BBADC ACDCC
单项选择（非谓语动词）
1．—D yu always get up s early?
—Yes. ________ the first bus. My hme is far away frm schl.
A．T catchB．CatchingC．CaughtD．Catches
【答案】A
【详解】句意：——你总是起得这么早吗？——是的。为了赶第一班公共汽车。我家离学校很远。
考查非谓语动词。“get up s early”的目的是“catch the first bus”，作目的状语用动词不定式。故选A。
2．________the quality f PE classes, sme schls put smart technlgy int use.
A．ImprvingB．T imprveC．ImprveD．Imprved
【答案】B
【详解】句意：为了提高体育课的质量，一些学校使用了智能技术。
考查非谓语。根据“the quality f PE classe”可知，为了提高体育课的质量，学校使用了智能技术，动词不定式作目的状语，故选B。
3．________ healthy, we’ve gt used t washing hands befre meals and using public chpsticks.
A．KeepingB．KeepC．T keepD．T keeping
【答案】C
【详解】句意：为了保持健康，我们已经习惯饭前洗手和使用公共筷子。
考查非谓语动词。根据题干可知，饭前洗手和使用公筷是为了保持健康，应用动词不定式作目的状语，故选C。
4．Travellers can’t wait ________ their new turs in the cming hliday.
A．t startB．startingC．startedD．start
【答案】A
【详解】句意：旅行者们迫不及待地想在即将到来的假期开始他们的新旅行。
考查非谓语动词。can’t wait t d sth.“迫不及待做某事”，应用不定式。故选A。
5．I have decided t g t Beijing and ________ ne f my ld friends there.
A．visitingB．visitedC．visitsD．visit
【答案】D
【详解】句意：我决定去北京看望我在那里的一位老朋友。
考查非谓语动词。decide t d sth.“决定做某事”，空格处应为动词原形，省略了动词不定式符号t，故选D。
6．Bys and girls, gd luck and wish yu ________ gd grades in a new year.
A．getB．gettingC．t get
【答案】C
【详解】句意：同学们，祝你们好运，并祝你们在新的一年里取得好成绩。
考查非谓语动词。wish sb. t d sth.“希望某人做某事”，动词不定式作宾语补足语。故选C。
7．—Safety is very imprtant t all f us.
—I agree. We students shuld learn ________ urselves in the daily life.
A．where t hldB．what t visitC．hw t prtectD．why t help
【答案】C
【详解】句意：——安全对我们所有人来说都非常重要。——我同意。我们学生应该学会如何在日常生活中保护自己。
考查疑问词+动词不定式。where t hld在哪里举行；what t visit参观什么；hw t prtect如何保护；why t help为什么帮忙。根据“urselves in the daily life”可知此处应是指在日常生活中保护自己，应用动词prtect表示“保护”。故选C。
8．Science is my favurite subject, s I have prepared ________ the STEAM Club.
A．jinB．jiningC．t jinD．t jining
【答案】C
【详解】句意：科学是我最喜欢的科目，所以我已经准备加入 STEAM俱乐部了。
考查非谓语动词。prepare t d sth“准备做某事”，固定短语，所以空处用动词不定式，故选C。
9．Tday is Father’s Day, and I plan ________ a dinner fr my father.
A．t prepareB．preparingC．preparedD．prepare
【答案】A
【详解】句意：今天是父亲节，我打算为父亲准备一顿晚餐。
考查非谓语动词。plan t d sth“计划做某事”，为固定短语，故选A。
10．— What are yu ging t d this summer vacatin?
— I plan ________ Hua Hua, a nearly 3-year-ld lvely panda in Chengdu.
A．seeB．sawC．seeingD．t see
【答案】D
【详解】句意：——这个暑假你打算做什么？——我计划去成都看一只将近3岁的可爱熊猫花花。
考查动词不定式。plan t d sth“计划做某事”，空格处为动词不定式作宾语。故选D。
11．After she finished ________ the stry, Alice wrte a review fr her schl newspaper.
A．readB．readsC．t readD．reading
【答案】D
【详解】句意：读完这个故事后，爱丽丝给校报写了一篇评论。
考查非谓语动词。finish ding sth“完成做某事”，动名词作宾语，是固定表达。故选D。
12．Yu lk tired. Yu’d better ________ a gd rest.
A．stp t haveB．stp having
C．t stp t haveD．t stp having
【答案】A
【详解】句意：你看起来很累，你最好停下来好好休息。
考查动词的用法。had better d sth“最好做某事”；stp t d sth“停下来去做另一件事”；stp ding sth“停止正在做的事”。根据“Yu lk tired. Yu’d gd rest.”可知，你看起来很累，最好停下来去休息。故选A。
13．—Betty, I’m nt gd at English. Culd yu help me please?
—Sure. I’ll d what I can ________ yu imprve yur English.
A．t helpB．helpC．helpingD．helps
【答案】A
【详解】句意：——贝蒂，我英语不好。你能帮我一下吗？——当然。我会尽我所能帮助你提高英语。
考查非谓语动词。此处在句中表示目的，用动词不定式形式，故选A。
14．The Internet enables farmers _______ fruits and vegetables acrss the cuntry.
A．sellB．sellingC．t sellD．sld
【答案】C
【详解】句意：互联网使农民能够在全国各地销售水果和蔬菜。
考查非谓语动词。固定短语enable sb t d sth“使某人能做某事”。故选C。
15．The yung player spends fur hurs _______ vlleyball every day.
A．practiseB．practisingC．t practiseD．practised
【答案】B
【详解】句意：这位年轻运动员每天花四个小时练习排球。
考查非谓语动词。spend sme time (in) ding sth.“花费时间做某事”，应用动名词作宾语。故选B。
16．Diana used t ________ t wrk, but nw she is used t ________ because the rad is crwded and she wants t keep fit.
A．drive; walkB．drive; walkingC．driving; walkD．driving; walking
【答案】B
【详解】句意：戴安娜过去常开车去上班，但是现在她习惯走路，因为道路很拥挤而且她想保持健康。
考查非谓语动词。第一空表达“过去常做某事”，用“used t d”。表达“过去常开车”，用 “used t drive”。第二空表达“习惯于做某事”，用“be used t ding”。表达“习惯走”，用“is used t walking”。故选B。
17．An ld man ________ n the side f the rad was fund ________, and he was sent t the hspital by the bus driver and passengers immediately.
A．lies; diesB．lay; diedC．lain; deadD．lying; dying
【答案】D
【详解】句意：一个躺在路边的老人被发现奄奄一息，他被巴士司机和乘客立即送往医院。
考查词义辨析。lies说谎，躺；lay躺（过去式）或放置（动词原形）；lain躺（过去分词）；lying躺（现在分词）或说谎（现在分词）。第一空表示“正躺在路边的老人”，用现在分词作定语。dies死亡，动词三单；died死亡，动词过去式；dead死亡的，形容词；dying垂死的，形容词。根据“he was sent t the hspital by the bus driver and passengers immediately.”可知，还有生命体征，处于垂死边缘，第二空应填形容词dying，故选D。
18．Tday there are already rbts ________ in the restaurants. They are serving the peple.
A．wrksB．wrkedC．wrkingD．wrk
【答案】C
【详解】句意：今天已经有机器人在餐馆里工作了。他们在为人民服务。
考查非谓语动词。wrks动词单三式；wrked动词过去式；wrking现在分词形式；wrk动词原形。there be sb./sth. ding…“有某人/某物正在做……”，固定用法。故选C。
19．—D yu knw there are mre than 3,000 languages ______ in the wrld?
—Srry, I have n idea.
A．speakingB．spkenC．speakD．spke
【答案】B
【详解】句意：——你知道世界上有3000多种语言吗？——抱歉，我不知道。
考查非谓语动词。languages与动词speak之间是被动关系，故此空应填过去分词作定语，故选B。
20．Alice culdn’t make herself ________ attentin t because her classmates made s much nise.
A．payB．paidC．paying
【答案】B
【详解】句意：爱丽丝不能让自己被注意到，因为她的同学太吵了。
考查非谓语动词。根据空前的make herself可知，此处是make的用法make +宾语+宾语补足语，宾语“herself”与宾语补足语“pay attentin t”之间是动宾关系，她自己被注意到，用过去分词表达被动关系。故选B。
二、短文语法填空
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Smetimes a small persnal prject can make a big difference t a whle cmmunity. Patricia Reitz, a schl bus 1 (drive) frm Erie Cunty, America, prves (证实) that.
Patricia Reitz is knwn as Miss Patty. When she tk care 2 her sick mther, she tk up knitting (编织) t deal with stress. One day, while waiting fr a grup f high schl students t get n her bus, she was wrking n a hat. Then a by gt n and asked 3 she was ding. Miss Patty tld him she was making a hat. She als asked what clr 4 by liked. Then she started making a hat fr him. 5 (gradual), she made mre and mre hats fr different students.
Miss Patty nw drives primary pupils fr the Clarence Central Schl District. When she has a chance, she asks the students t pick their favrite clrs fr the prject. Miss Patty said, “I’m happy 6 (give) them smething t wear.”
S far, she 7 (create) ver 7,000 hats fr the students wh have taken her bus. It is wrth 8 (mentin) that Miss Patty bught all the materials fr the hats with her wn mney. Nt lng ag, she 9 (praise) by the cmmunity. “She cares abut 10 (child),” teacher Debrah said. “All f my students have gt hats, and they als get a friend. Miss Patty is ne f their favrites.”
I can’t remember when I started cllecting litter. But it was when I gt tired f seeing litter nearby and realized that n ne else was ging t pick 11 up.
I live near a frest 12 Ohi, America. I can walk my dg there in three minutes. But ne day there was s much litter that I became very 13 (happy). I thught the frest shuld 14 (clean) up. I wanted t be happy ging there again.
I made my 15 (ne) trip t clean the frest that afternn. I tk 16 big black rubbish bag with me. Ten minutes 17 starting t pick up the litter, my bag was full! It had cans, bttles, brken glass and newspapers in it.
Frm then n, I g t the frest fur 18 (time) a year t pick up litter. I’m ften there fr three hurs. It makes me feel great t d smething fr the envirnment.
After each trip, I lk at the litter 19 I’ve fund. If it is recyclable, I 20 (keep) it. I can’t understand why peple drp litter. But I will keep picking it up until they stp drpping it. I knw I am nly ding a small bit t help the earth, but I still think it is imprtant.
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
29-year-ld Yang Xu has taken up a new hbby: seal carving (篆刻), and has been taking classes at a lcal night schl. “I used 21 (spend) my free time staring at my smartphne,” Yang said.
“Nw, I spend ne and a half 22 (hur) at the seal cutting class every day, finding achievement and peace in it.”
Night classes were very ppular in the 1980s, when many yung Chinese peple were learning new skills t make 23 living. Tday, these classes are becming ppular again amng yung peple, thugh they nw serve the purpse 24 enriching cultural needs.
The night art schl Yang attends 25 (set) up by the lcal gvernment in 2016. Fr thse 26 are interested, the schl prvides twelve 90-minute classes at a cst f 500 yuan. On average, the price fr each hur f class is 27 (near) the same as a bubble tea.
Befre the night schl was pened, yung peple had truble 28 (find) classes in traditinal art. Tday, the night schl prvides all these classes at a reasnable price, taught by 29 (celebrate) teachers and artists.
Fr many yung peple, night classes are an escape frm the busy city life. “The stress in city creates a lt f wrries,” Yang said. “Peple need a place t rest 30 (they) minds, and night art classes can be that ne.”
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。
In ancient China, when friends r relatives were separating, they wuld pick a willw twig (柳条) and give it t the persn wh was leaving. This was t express 31 (they) wish fr him t stay. In Chinese, the wrd fr “willw” is prnunced the same 32 the wrd fr “stay”.
Many Chinese pets liked writing abut willws in their wrks. One f 33 (famus) pems is A Farewell Sng (《送元二使安西》) by Wang Wei. It reads,
N dust is raised n the rad wet with mrning rain,
The willws by the htel lk s fresh and green.
I invite yu 34 (drink) a cup f wine again,
West f the Sunny Pass n mre 35 (friend) will be seen.
Nwadays, willw twigs can als be seen in mdern art. There was an amazing perfrmance abut willw twigs. 365 peple 36 (hld) willw twigs in their hands n the green stage. At the same time, 37 ancient painting f weeping willws (垂柳) appeared n the LED screen. The setting f 365 peple std fr 365 days, and the clr green meant the return f spring. The perfrmance 38 (praise) highly by the audience. “I was deeply attracted by 39 (traditin) Chinese culture,” ne f them said.
In shrt, giving a willw twig t a persn is nt saying gdbye 40 asking him t stay. This is the beauty f Chinese culture.
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个恰当的词或括号内单词的正确形式（不超过3个单词），并将答案写在答题卡的相应位置。
The Traveling Club is ppular in ur schl. It 41 (hld) activities every week. Last week, my friends and I tk part 42 an activity with the Traveling Club. The night befre, I culdn’t stp 43 (talk) abut the trip with my mm. I gt up really early n Sunday mrning. After breakfast, I tk my lunch and left hme 44 (quick). I hurried t schl and met the ther 45 (student) and Mr. Li, ur trip leader. When we were all there, we left fr the Lucky Island.
The bat ride t Lucky Island was really 46 (interest)! We saw a lt f fish and clrful birds. When we arrived, we went n a lng walk and saw 47 beautiful garden. After the hike, we were very hungry! We sat n the beach and ate ur lunch. After that, we 48 (play) games and tk pictures. We really enjyed urselves. Finally, it was time 49 (g) hme. I cannt wait fr 50 (I) next trip with the Traveling Club. I believe it will be even better.
三、语法选择
根据短文内容，从 A、B、C三个选项中选出一个语法正确的答案，并把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。
I am a plice fficer. I began t wrk at 1 plice statin in the desert area f Dunhuang twenty years ag. It is nt easy 2 in such a special envirnment. Once, ur car brke dwn halfway t the city center f Dunhuang. We waited there t be rescued（救援）, but nbdy appeared. We had t leave the car there and turn back t 3 statin, 40 kilmeters away, n ft. That was at nn n a ht day. The grund temperature was abut 70 degrees.
4 2019, I was named as ne f the mst utstanding plice fficers in China. I think half the hnr belngs t my family 5 always shw understanding and supprt fr my jb.
When I first started wrking at the statin, my daughter was nly seven. And nw my grandsn is the same age. Over the past twenty years, there have been s 6 times that I wasn’t by their side when they needed me. In 2016, my daughter gt 7 ill and went t Lanzhu fr treatment. I wasn’t there with her because I 8 fr a grup f turists wh had gne missing in Lp Nr at that time. A week later, the turists 9 and I rushed t Lanzhu. Luckily my daughter was already ut f danger. She was a little angry with me at first, 10 later she understd.
I never regret wrking at the statin. I feel prud that I have helped lts f peple in need.
1．A．aB．anC．/D．the
2．A．wrkB．t wrkC．travelD．t travel
3．A．weB．ursC．urD．us
4．A．InB．OnC．AtD．By
5．A．whichB．whC．whmD．whse
6．A．manyB．muchC．fewD．little
7．A．easyB．easilyC．seriusD．seriusly
8．A．lkB．lkedC．am lkingD．was lking
9．A．fundB．were fundC．are fundD．have fund
10．A．andB．sC．butD．r
阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，从所给的四个选项中选出一个最佳答案，使短文连贯完整。
It’s many peple’s dream t travel arund the wrld, and Cry Lee has already dne it.
Cry’s traveling jurney started early 11 his life. Althugh he has t stay in a wheelchair because f his illness, Cry went n his first trip t Disney Wrld 12 he was fur. At the age f 15, he 13 abrad fr the first time with his mther, and since then he has shwn great interest in traveling.
The fearless yung man never lets his wheelchair stp him frm ding 14 . After visiting 37 cuntries all ver the wrld, Cry just became 15 first traveler in a wheelchair t visit every cntinent (洲)! “I understand that nt everything is sure ging t be pssible,” he said. “But if yu have made up yur mind t d 16 and keep psitive (积极的), yu’ll make it.”
It tk 17 research and planning fr Cry t prepare fr his trips, which he said was plenty f wrk. That’s what inspired him 18 Curb Free with Cry Lee, a website where he shares ideas with ther disabled 19 . He als wrte a bk fr children—Let’s Explre With Cr Cr. It tells a stry abut a by wh travels t different cuntries in his wheelchair. As yu can imagine, many children 20 by his stry.
Just in his wn way, Cry shws the wrld that where there’s a will, there’s a way.
11．A．nB．inC．fD．fr
12．A．ifB．becauseC．althughD．when
13．A．travelB．travelsC．traveledD．has traveled
14．A．what he can dB．hw he can dC．what can he dD．hw can he d
15．A．aB．anC．theD．/
16．A．smethingB．anythingC．everythingD．nthing
17．A．carefullyB．carefulC．carelesslyD．careless
18．A．stpB．t stpC．createD．t create
19．A．travelerB．travelersC．adultD．adults
20．A．encurageB．encuragedC．was encuragedD．were encuraged
阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，从所给的四个选项中选出一个最佳答案；使短文连贯完整。
Have yu ever dreamed f becming a teacher r smebdy else? One f my classmates, Jenny, always 21 f becming a reprter.
Last week, ur classmates and I decided t help Jenny realize her dream. We came up 22 a wnderful idea t recrd a shrt interview vide. Because f being shrt f prfessinal equipment(设备), we 23 nly use a pen as the micrphne(麦克风). We didn’t have a vide camera either. S I tk the vide with a mbile phne.
When everything was ready, Jenny started t intrduce 24 first. She was nervus. She held a pen and her hands were shaking. She als culdn’t help laughing many times when she 25 by ther classmates. We did nt stp the recrding because these interesting events are a way t shw ur true feelings. And then she interviewed 26 classmates by asking them sme questins like “What is yur dream?”. Sme f them were t shy 27 clearly. Sme were utging and encuraged teenagers t fight fr their dreams. One student even asked 28 him next time s that he culd prepare fr it in time. Finally, we finished the interview 29 . Our vide gt ppular in ur schl.
I think we nt nly helped realize Jenny’s dream but als made a great memry f ur senir high schl life. Althugh we are nt 30 , we have passins(激情) and energy. We shuld be brave dream fllwers. Everything can be wrth.
21．A．dreamsB．dreamedC．hearsD．heard
22．A．nB．atC．withD．fr
23．A．mustB．culdC．shuldD．need
24．A．sheB．herC．herselfD．hers
25．A．watchesB．is watchedC．watchedD．was watched
26．A．weB．urC．usD．urs
27．A．laughB．t laughC．speakD．t speak
28．A．when we wuld interviewB．why we wuld interviewC．when wuld we interviewD．why wuld we interview
29．A．successfulB．successfullyC．terribleD．terribly
30．A．experienceB．experiencesC．experiencedD．experiencing
根据短文内容，从 A、B、C三个选项中选出一个语法正确的答案，并把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。
Every year ur schl rganizes sme charity(慈善) events. The mst ppular event f the year 31 the fd drive. And it 32 a very successful charity event since 2021 and mst f the students have taken part in it. Each schl des its fd drives a bit 33 . Hwever, mst f the time the fd drives are set up in a similar style.
In my schl it usually lasts fr a few weeks. Mst f the time, students bring the fd 34 their hme. The fd 35 fr a lng perid f time, fr example canned(罐装的) gds. We als rganize activities utside the schl. Students can g dr t dr arund their neighbrhd and ask 36 sme fd.
After that time is ver, we will bring the cllected fd t ur lcal Cmmunity Table. The families in ur cmmunity can cme t have 37 warm meal if they want. Usually, a grup f students g with ne f ur 38 t give ut the fd. I delivered(传递) fd with my teacher last year. Then I was surprised 39 s many families wh were suffering hunger in ur cmmunity.
I was glad that ur schl was able t help ut all f thse families. We d this several times each year. 40 it is! Sure, we can’t change the wrld, but we can d ur best t make ur wrld a better place.
31．A．wereB．areC．isD．was
32．A．will beB．wuld beC．has beenD．had been
33．A．differentlyB．differentC．easilyD．easy
34．A．fB．atC．intD．frm
35．A．shuld keepingB．shuld be keptC．shuld keepD．shuld kept
36．A．when peple are willing t shareB．when are peple willing t shareC．if peple are willing t shareD．if are peple willing t share
37．A．/B．aC．anD．the
38．A．teachersB．teacherC．neighbrsD．neighbr
39．A．waitB．t waitC．seeD．t see
40．A．Hw an meaningful eventB．Hw meaningful a eventC．What meaningful an eventD．What a meaningful event
adj
阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法和上下文连贯的要求，从所给的四个选项中选一个最佳答案，使短文连贯完整。
I planned t have a big meal with my family n weekends. Then ne Saturday, we went t 41 expensive restaurant. A yung cuple with a small by nly rdered a piece f the cheapest beef steak. “Sir, anything else? One piece is nt enugh fr all f yu!” The waiter said.
The dad was a little 42 . He said, “Thanks. It’s enugh. We just want t bring the guy t have beef steak (牛排), and we have eaten supper.”
I watched them fr a while. I fund that the parents nt nly tk the by t have beef steak, but als regarded it as a prcess f 43 . The parents taught the kid 44 t use a knife and frk and tld him sme table manners.
I’d like t becme gd friends with the family. Then I walked ver and asked 45 , “May I ffer each f yu a cup f cffee?” They accepted my cffee with a smile. We began t chat. “T be hnest, we are very pr, 46 we can’t affrd any expensive fd at all. Hwever, we have every cnfidence in ur by. He lives in a pr family, but I believe he 47 great success in the future. That’s why we teach him the gd table manners,” said the dad. “We hpe ur kid can be a persn 48 respects himself and thers.”
We became friends and gt n well with each ther. Later, great prgress 49 by the kid and he succeeded. And I have the hnr t drink a cup f cffee frm him, especially in 50 restaurant in England.
41．A．aB．anC．theD．/
42．A．embarrassB．embarrassedC．embarrassingD．embarrassment
43．A．learnB．learnsC．t learnD．learning
44．A．hwB．whatC．whyD．whse
45．A．pliteB．impliteC．plitelyD．implitely
46．A．sB．rC．becauseD．but
47．A．achievesB．has achievedC．achievedD．will achieve
48．A．whB．whichC．whenD．where
49．A．makesB．madeC．has madeD．was made
50．A．expensiveB．mre expensiveC．the mst expensiveD．mst expensive
考点
考向
考法/命题角度
一般现在时
一般过去时
考察最多的主要集中在
一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时。
1、动词 cme, g, arrive, leave, start, begin, return, stp 等用一般现在时表将来。这主要表示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情。
例如：The mvie starts at six ’clck and ends at 8 ’clck.
2、在时间或条件句中，一般现在时可以表示将来。
3、注意动词过去式的不规则变化
现在进行时
过去进行时
下列动词的现在进行时可以表示将来。如 g, cme, fly, leave, start, begin, arrive 等。
例如：My father is arriving at Beijing airprt at 3 p.m. tmrrw.
现在完成时
过去完成时
注意现在完成时一些标志词，如：already, just, ever, never, befre, yet；since 和 fr
注意区分瞬间动词与延续动词
一般将来时
过去将来时
1、掌握常见时间状语：the next day
2、在宾语从句中，主句过去时，从句的动作发生某个将来的时间。
时态
主动语态形式
被动语态形式
一般现在时
am/is/are/d/des
am/is/are dne
一般过去时
was/were/did
was/were dne
一般将来时
will /shall d
am/is/are ging t d
am/is/are cming/leaving
am/is/are t d
am/is/are abut t d
will /shall be dne
am/is/are t be dne
现在进行时
am/is/are ding
am/is/are being dne
过去进行时
was/were ding
was/were being dne
过去完成时
had dne
had been dne
现在完成时
has/have dne
has/have been dne
过去将来时
wuld d
was ging t d
was cming/leaving
was t d
was abut t d
wuld be dne
was/were t be dne
常用时态
被动结构
一般现在时
am/is/are+过去分词
一般过去时
was/were+过去分词
一般将来时
will/shall+ be+过去分词
现在进行时
am/is/are + being+过去分词
过去进行时
was/were + being+过去分词
现在完成时
have/has been+过去分词
过去完成时
had +been+过去分词
含情态动词
can/may/must/. . . + be+过去分词
中考时态语态主要考察语法填空作文中的运用。要做好动词时态语态题,除了必须掌握各种时态的结构、含义和用法外,还应将动词放在具体的语言环境中学习。要了解几种时态的一些常规规则，答题时要研读题干，搜索出尽可能多的“时间参照信息”，尤其要注意时态的呼应情况。
初中英语非谓语动词形式主要包括动词不定式，现在分词，过去分词，以及动名词。主要考查动词不定式表目的，表将来；动名词做主语及宾语用法；现在分词表进行，表将来，过去分词表完成，表被动等。其考查重点为：
1. it作形式主语、宾语的用法
2. 感官动词后不定式作宾语补足语和动词ing形式作宾语补足语的用法:
3. 动词不定式与疑问代词和疑问副词的连用
4. 一些特殊动词的动词不定式作宾语补足语时不带口，但变为被动语态时就要带t:
5. 有些动词既可接不定式也可接动词ing形式作宽语，但表达的意思不同。
1．（2022·浙江温州·中考真题）—Lydia, have yu decided which city t travel t, Lndn r New Yrk?
—Nt yet. Maybe I ________ Lndn t meet my friends this time.
A．visitB．visitedC．will visitD．was visiting
2．（2017·浙江温州·中考真题）Simn lks wrried because he ________ a writing cmpetitin and nw he’s waiting fr the result.
A．entersB．enteredC．will enterD．is entering
3．（2021·浙江温州·中考真题）My father ________ me a funny jke and I can’t stp laughing every time I think f it.
A．tldB．tellsC．will tellD．is telling
4．（2011·山东泰安·中考真题）—Tm wants t knw if yu will have a picnic tmrrw.
—Yes. But if it ______, we’ll play chess instead.
A．will rainB．rainedC．is rainingD．rains
5．（2020·浙江温州·中考真题）—Have scientists fund life n Mars?
—Nt yet, but I think they ________it sme day.
A．findB．fundC．have fundD．will find
6．（2011·山东济南·中考真题）— ________ a year des yur schl have sprts meetings?
— Twice a year.
A．Hw ftenB．Hw sn
C．Hw lngD．Hw many times
7．（2011·浙江台州·中考真题）—I’ve gt a ticket fr the basketball game tnight.
—Cl! Hw ________ yu ________ it?
A．had，gtB．did，getC．were，gettingD．will，get
8．（2015·浙江杭州·中考真题）I________scared f dgs ever since a dg hurt me when I was five years ld.
A．will beB．wasC．have beenD．wuld be
9．（2013·浙江杭州·中考真题）Becky tk a pht f her friends while they _________ cmputer games.
A．playB．are playingC．were playingD．have played
10．（2011·浙江湖州·中考真题）— Hw was yur trip t Hang Zhu, Jim?
—Great! We ___ t Xixi Natinal Wetland Park.
A．gB．am gingC．will gD．went
11．（2011·浙江丽水·中考真题）— Must we clean the classrm nw?
— N, yu needn't. It after schl.
A．may cleanB．must cleanC．need be cleanedD．can be cleaned
12．（2011·广西钦州·中考真题）The envirnment in ur twn is getting wrse and wrse, s many trees ________.
A．are plantingB．shuld be plantedC．shuld plantD．will plant
13．（2011·浙江嘉兴·中考真题）Fd safety is imprtant. Rules ________ t prtect peple frm fd pllutin.
A．must makeB．must be madeC．can't makeD．can't be made
14．（2013·浙江丽水·中考真题）Each year quite a lt f fd __ arund the wrld. It’s really time fr us t d smething.
A．was wastedB．is wasted
C．wastedD．will be wasted
15．（2011·浙江宁波·中考真题）There was a big earthquake in Japan, but luckily many peple _________.
A．saveB．savedC．are savedD．were saved
16．（2011·浙江宁波·中考真题）— Hw beautiful the library is!
—Yes. It ________ last year.
A．buildsB．builtC．was builtD．is built
17．（2010·山东菏泽·中考真题）It_______ t drive after drinking wine.
A．is allwedB．is nt allwedC．is madeD．is welcmed
18．（2011·贵州铜仁·中考真题）Bamb can ___________ paper.
A．used t makeB．be used makeC．be used t makeD．be used t making
19．（2011·山东泰安·中考真题）—I feel tired and sleepy.
—Why nt stp ______ fr a while?
A．restB．t restC．restingD．rested
20．（2011·四川雅安·中考真题）Please tell the students ________ t much nise in class.
A．t makeB．t takeC．nt t takeD．nt t make
21．（2011·山东济南·中考真题）They decided at the end f this mnth.
A．t leaveB．ging backC．travelD．nt start ut
22．（2010·浙江金华·中考真题）It is imprtant _______ yu _______ ut fr a walk after supper.
A．f ; t gB．t; t gC．fr; t gD．fr; ging
23．（2010·浙江金华·中考真题）Hbbies can make yu ________ as a persn.
A．grwingB．t grwC．grwD．grwn
24．（2023·内蒙古·中考真题）—D yu always get up s early?
—Yes. ________ the first bus. My hme is far away frm schl.
A．T catchB．CatchingC．CaughtD．Catches
25．（2023·四川甘孜·中考真题）Mike made faces t make his little brther __________.
A．laughsB．laughC．t laughD．Laughing
Part I 动词时态语态
考向一：动词的时态
时态：包括一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、将来进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时、将来完成时等。考查时态时需要注意动词形式的变化以及句子所表达的时间点。
常用动词时态语态表
考向二：被动语态
被动语态是由“be+过去分词”构成。被动语态的时态通过be动词的变化来体现。be动词必须与主语的人称和数相一致。常见的被动结构有:
被动语态表示句子的主语是动作的承受者，也就是动作的对象，一般说来只有及物动词才有被动语态。
The stre is run by the trade unin.
English is spken in Canada.
Get型被动语态
被动语态的基本形式是由“be+及物动词的过去分词”构成的。但在现代英语中大量地出现了由“get+及物动词的过去分词”构成的被动语态，这叫get-型被动语态。get-型被动语态中的过去分词数量有限，通常为单个的动词或比较简单的动词短语。
get常同marry, beat, break, damage, tear, strike, hurt, paint, invite, repair, dress, pay, wund等动词的-ed形式连用，构成被动语态。这种结构一般指动作的结果而非动作本身，常指“最后终于，突然发生”等意义。
Cleaning wmen in big cities usually get paid by the hur.大城市的女钟点工按小时付酬。
He gt wunded in the battle. 他在战斗中受伤了。
The by gt hurt n his way hme frm wrk. 男孩在回家的路上受伤了。
主动形式表被动意义的情况
1、既是及物又是不及物的动词
一些既是及物又是不及物的动词。如read, write, sell, pen, shut, begin, wash, wear, cut, lck, play, pack, strike, split, act, draw, irn, dry, eat heat, clean等；此类动词常接副词作状语（有些可以不加）。
Bks f this kind sell well. 这本书很畅销。
The dr wn't shut.门关不上。
The shes wear well.这鞋子经穿。
The meat cuts easily. 这肉好切。
The wrk desn’t pay. 这项工作没有报酬。
2、系动词
系动词lk, feel, taste, sund, smell, prve, seem, appear等。此类动词常接形容词作表语。
-D yu like the material?你喜欢这块面料吗？
-Yes, it feels very sft. 喜欢，手感不错。
The dish tastes gd.这菜味道不错。
3、need等词后面常接主动的-ing分词形式
need, want, require, stand, take, wn’t bear, deserve等词后面常接主动的-ing分词形式，表示被动意义。在这种情况下，句子的主语在逻辑上是-ing分词的宾语。
Yur hair needs cutting. 你的头发需要理。
The rm wants cleaning everyday.这个房间需要每天打扫。
The pint deserves mentining. 这一点值得提。
The rules take sme learning. 这规则需要下点功夫学。
That wn’t bear thinking f. 那不堪想象。
考向三：被动语态的特殊用法
1.sell和sell ut
sell无被动语态; sell ut有被动语态。
The bk sells very well. / The bk has been sld ut.
2.take place/happen/change/break ut(爆发)无被动语态。
Our hmetwn has changed a lt. /A car accident happened just nw.
3.动词不定式符号t在be made/be heard/be seen中还原。
be made t d sth.被迫做某事; be heard/seen t d sth.被听到/看到做某事
The wrkers were made t wrk fr a lng time in the ld time.
The girl is heard t sing in the next dr. /The bys are seen t play sccer n the playgrund.
Part II 非谓语动词
考向一：不定式重难点
1.“一感一听三看两让”变被动语态时,动词不定式符号t要还原:feel/hear/
see/watch/ntice/have/make sb.d sth.→be felt/heard/seen/watched/nticed/had/made t d sth.
2.remember/frget/regret t d sth.记得/忘记/后悔去做某事
remember/frget/regret ding sth.记得/忘记/后悔做了某事
3.stp t d sth.停下来去做某事
stp ding sth.停止做某事
4.see/hear sb.ding sth.看见/听见某人正在做某事
see/hear sb.d sth.看见/听见某人做了某事或常做某事
5.常考的省略了t的动词不定式的句型:
Why nt d sth.?/Culd(Wuld) yu please (nt) d sth.?/had better (nt) d sth./wuld rather d
6.there be+主语+t d sth.
There is nthing t wrry abut.
7. “疑问词+不定式”结构：
疑问词wh, what, when, where, hw, which等后接不定式，构成不定式短语，在句中作主语，宾语，表语等。
Where t live is a prblem. （主语）
D yu knw when t start? （宾语）
The prblem is hw t use the machine. （表语）
I dn’t knw ________ t d it. （宾语） A.what B. hw
8.固定短语.
can’t wait t d sth迫不及待做某事
get/have a chance t d sth.得到一个做某事的机会
It’s+ adj.+(fr sb) t d sth.做某事（对某人来说）怎么样
It’s+adj.+(f sb.) t d sth.
It takes sb. Sme time/mney t d sth.花费某人多长时间做某事（常考）
It’s best fr sb. t d sth对某人来说做某事是最好的
It’s time fr sb t d sth.是某人做某事的时候了
t…(fr sb.)t 太以致不能…enugh t d=(否定)
the first/last/next/nly/secnd t d sth.
He is the nly persn t knw the truth.
She is the first persn t learn cmputer prgramming.
考向二：动名词重难点
后跟ding 的常考短语:
have difficulty/truble/prblems ding
feel like ding=wuld like t d
spend time (in) ding be busy ding
prefer ding t ding be used t ding
lk frward t ding devte t ding
make a cntributin t ding
考向三：分词重难点
现在分词与动名词的构成形式一样，也是由动词原形后加词尾-ing 构成。现在分词的形式：v-ing否定形式：nt+ v-ing
①作表语 The prblem is puzzling.
②作定语 A little child learning t walk ften falls.
③作宾补 Can yu hear the wman singing the sng utside?
④作状语 Lking ut f the windw, I saw s many ducks swimming in the pl.
【动词时态语态、非谓语动词整合训练】
一、单项选择（时态语态）
1. Lk, the children _______basketball n the playgrund.
A. playsB. are playingC. playingD. play
2.I first met Lisa three years ag. She _______ at a radi shp at the time.
A. has wrked B. was wrking C. had been wrking D. had wrked
3. The reprter said that the UFO ________ east t west when he saw it.
A. was traveling B. traveled C. had been traveling D. was t travel
4. When Li Ming hurried hme, he fund that his mther _______already _______t hspital.
A. has; been sent B. had; sent C. has; sent D. had; been sent
5. I didn’t meet him. He_______ when I gt there.
A. has leftB. leftC. had leftD. wuld leave
6. --Yur jb _______ pen fr yur return. --Thanks.
A. will be kept B. will keep C. had kept D. had been kept
7. We ______ Xia Li since she was a little girl.
A. knw B. had knwnC. have knwn D. knew
8. The huse belngs t my aunt but she_______ here any mre.
A. hasn't lived B. didn't live C. hadn't lived D. desn't live
9. We_______ the rf f ur huse last night, and we're ging t cmplete it tday.
A. repaired B. had repaired C. were repairing D. have repaired
10. The ther day, I ______ alng the street when the accident .
A. drve; was happening B. drve; happened
C. was driving; happened D. was driving; had happened
【Keys】1-10 BBADC ACDCC
单项选择（非谓语动词）
1．—D yu always get up s early?
—Yes. ________ the first bus. My hme is far away frm schl.
A．T catchB．CatchingC．CaughtD．Catches
【答案】A
【详解】句意：——你总是起得这么早吗？——是的。为了赶第一班公共汽车。我家离学校很远。
考查非谓语动词。“get up s early”的目的是“catch the first bus”，作目的状语用动词不定式。故选A。
2．________the quality f PE classes, sme schls put smart technlgy int use.
A．ImprvingB．T imprveC．ImprveD．Imprved
【答案】B
【详解】句意：为了提高体育课的质量，一些学校使用了智能技术。
考查非谓语。根据“the quality f PE classe”可知，为了提高体育课的质量，学校使用了智能技术，动词不定式作目的状语，故选B。
3．________ healthy, we’ve gt used t washing hands befre meals and using public chpsticks.
A．KeepingB．KeepC．T keepD．T keeping
【答案】C
【详解】句意：为了保持健康，我们已经习惯饭前洗手和使用公共筷子。
考查非谓语动词。根据题干可知，饭前洗手和使用公筷是为了保持健康，应用动词不定式作目的状语，故选C。
4．Travellers can’t wait ________ their new turs in the cming hliday.
A．t startB．startingC．startedD．start
【答案】A
【详解】句意：旅行者们迫不及待地想在即将到来的假期开始他们的新旅行。
考查非谓语动词。can’t wait t d sth.“迫不及待做某事”，应用不定式。故选A。
5．I have decided t g t Beijing and ________ ne f my ld friends there.
A．visitingB．visitedC．visitsD．visit
【答案】D
【详解】句意：我决定去北京看望我在那里的一位老朋友。
考查非谓语动词。decide t d sth.“决定做某事”，空格处应为动词原形，省略了动词不定式符号t，故选D。
6．Bys and girls, gd luck and wish yu ________ gd grades in a new year.
A．getB．gettingC．t get
【答案】C
【详解】句意：同学们，祝你们好运，并祝你们在新的一年里取得好成绩。
考查非谓语动词。wish sb. t d sth.“希望某人做某事”，动词不定式作宾语补足语。故选C。
7．—Safety is very imprtant t all f us.
—I agree. We students shuld learn ________ urselves in the daily life.
A．where t hldB．what t visitC．hw t prtectD．why t help
【答案】C
【详解】句意：——安全对我们所有人来说都非常重要。——我同意。我们学生应该学会如何在日常生活中保护自己。
考查疑问词+动词不定式。where t hld在哪里举行；what t visit参观什么；hw t prtect如何保护；why t help为什么帮忙。根据“urselves in the daily life”可知此处应是指在日常生活中保护自己，应用动词prtect表示“保护”。故选C。
8．Science is my favurite subject, s I have prepared ________ the STEAM Club.
A．jinB．jiningC．t jinD．t jining
【答案】C
【详解】句意：科学是我最喜欢的科目，所以我已经准备加入 STEAM俱乐部了。
考查非谓语动词。prepare t d sth“准备做某事”，固定短语，所以空处用动词不定式，故选C。
9．Tday is Father’s Day, and I plan ________ a dinner fr my father.
A．t prepareB．preparingC．preparedD．prepare
【答案】A
【详解】句意：今天是父亲节，我打算为父亲准备一顿晚餐。
考查非谓语动词。plan t d sth“计划做某事”，为固定短语，故选A。
10．— What are yu ging t d this summer vacatin?
— I plan ________ Hua Hua, a nearly 3-year-ld lvely panda in Chengdu.
A．seeB．sawC．seeingD．t see
【答案】D
【详解】句意：——这个暑假你打算做什么？——我计划去成都看一只将近3岁的可爱熊猫花花。
考查动词不定式。plan t d sth“计划做某事”，空格处为动词不定式作宾语。故选D。
11．After she finished ________ the stry, Alice wrte a review fr her schl newspaper.
A．readB．readsC．t readD．reading
【答案】D
【详解】句意：读完这个故事后，爱丽丝给校报写了一篇评论。
考查非谓语动词。finish ding sth“完成做某事”，动名词作宾语，是固定表达。故选D。
12．Yu lk tired. Yu’d better ________ a gd rest.
A．stp t haveB．stp having
C．t stp t haveD．t stp having
【答案】A
【详解】句意：你看起来很累，你最好停下来好好休息。
考查动词的用法。had better d sth“最好做某事”；stp t d sth“停下来去做另一件事”；stp ding sth“停止正在做的事”。根据“Yu lk tired. Yu’d gd rest.”可知，你看起来很累，最好停下来去休息。故选A。
13．—Betty, I’m nt gd at English. Culd yu help me please?
—Sure. I’ll d what I can ________ yu imprve yur English.
A．t helpB．helpC．helpingD．helps
【答案】A
【详解】句意：——贝蒂，我英语不好。你能帮我一下吗？——当然。我会尽我所能帮助你提高英语。
考查非谓语动词。此处在句中表示目的，用动词不定式形式，故选A。
14．The Internet enables farmers _______ fruits and vegetables acrss the cuntry.
A．sellB．sellingC．t sellD．sld
【答案】C
【详解】句意：互联网使农民能够在全国各地销售水果和蔬菜。
考查非谓语动词。固定短语enable sb t d sth“使某人能做某事”。故选C。
15．The yung player spends fur hurs _______ vlleyball every day.
A．practiseB．practisingC．t practiseD．practised
【答案】B
【详解】句意：这位年轻运动员每天花四个小时练习排球。
考查非谓语动词。spend sme time (in) ding sth.“花费时间做某事”，应用动名词作宾语。故选B。
16．Diana used t ________ t wrk, but nw she is used t ________ because the rad is crwded and she wants t keep fit.
A．drive; walkB．drive; walkingC．driving; walkD．driving; walking
【答案】B
【详解】句意：戴安娜过去常开车去上班，但是现在她习惯走路，因为道路很拥挤而且她想保持健康。
考查非谓语动词。第一空表达“过去常做某事”，用“used t d”。表达“过去常开车”，用 “used t drive”。第二空表达“习惯于做某事”，用“be used t ding”。表达“习惯走”，用“is used t walking”。故选B。
17．An ld man ________ n the side f the rad was fund ________, and he was sent t the hspital by the bus driver and passengers immediately.
A．lies; diesB．lay; diedC．lain; deadD．lying; dying
【答案】D
【详解】句意：一个躺在路边的老人被发现奄奄一息，他被巴士司机和乘客立即送往医院。
考查词义辨析。lies说谎，躺；lay躺（过去式）或放置（动词原形）；lain躺（过去分词）；lying躺（现在分词）或说谎（现在分词）。第一空表示“正躺在路边的老人”，用现在分词作定语。dies死亡，动词三单；died死亡，动词过去式；dead死亡的，形容词；dying垂死的，形容词。根据“he was sent t the hspital by the bus driver and passengers immediately.”可知，还有生命体征，处于垂死边缘，第二空应填形容词dying，故选D。
18．Tday there are already rbts ________ in the restaurants. They are serving the peple.
A．wrksB．wrkedC．wrkingD．wrk
【答案】C
【详解】句意：今天已经有机器人在餐馆里工作了。他们在为人民服务。
考查非谓语动词。wrks动词单三式；wrked动词过去式；wrking现在分词形式；wrk动词原形。there be sb./sth. ding…“有某人/某物正在做……”，固定用法。故选C。
19．—D yu knw there are mre than 3,000 languages ______ in the wrld?
—Srry, I have n idea.
A．speakingB．spkenC．speakD．spke
【答案】B
【详解】句意：——你知道世界上有3000多种语言吗？——抱歉，我不知道。
考查非谓语动词。languages与动词speak之间是被动关系，故此空应填过去分词作定语，故选B。
20．Alice culdn’t make herself ________ attentin t because her classmates made s much nise.
A．payB．paidC．paying
【答案】B
【详解】句意：爱丽丝不能让自己被注意到，因为她的同学太吵了。
考查非谓语动词。根据空前的make herself可知，此处是make的用法make +宾语+宾语补足语，宾语“herself”与宾语补足语“pay attentin t”之间是动宾关系，她自己被注意到，用过去分词表达被动关系。故选B。
二、短文语法填空
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Smetimes a small persnal prject can make a big difference t a whle cmmunity. Patricia Reitz, a schl bus 1 (drive) frm Erie Cunty, America, prves (证实) that.
Patricia Reitz is knwn as Miss Patty. When she tk care 2 her sick mther, she tk up knitting (编织) t deal with stress. One day, while waiting fr a grup f high schl students t get n her bus, she was wrking n a hat. Then a by gt n and asked 3 she was ding. Miss Patty tld him she was making a hat. She als asked what clr 4 by liked. Then she started making a hat fr him. 5 (gradual), she made mre and mre hats fr different students.
Miss Patty nw drives primary pupils fr the Clarence Central Schl District. When she has a chance, she asks the students t pick their favrite clrs fr the prject. Miss Patty said, “I’m happy 6 (give) them smething t wear.”
S far, she 7 (create) ver 7,000 hats fr the students wh have taken her bus. It is wrth 8 (mentin) that Miss Patty bught all the materials fr the hats with her wn mney. Nt lng ag, she 9 (praise) by the cmmunity. “She cares abut 10 (child),” teacher Debrah said. “All f my students have gt hats, and they als get a friend. Miss Patty is ne f their favrites.”
I can’t remember when I started cllecting litter. But it was when I gt tired f seeing litter nearby and realized that n ne else was ging t pick 11 up.
I live near a frest 12 Ohi, America. I can walk my dg there in three minutes. But ne day there was s much litter that I became very 13 (happy). I thught the frest shuld 14 (clean) up. I wanted t be happy ging there again.
I made my 15 (ne) trip t clean the frest that afternn. I tk 16 big black rubbish bag with me. Ten minutes 17 starting t pick up the litter, my bag was full! It had cans, bttles, brken glass and newspapers in it.
Frm then n, I g t the frest fur 18 (time) a year t pick up litter. I’m ften there fr three hurs. It makes me feel great t d smething fr the envirnment.
After each trip, I lk at the litter 19 I’ve fund. If it is recyclable, I 20 (keep) it. I can’t understand why peple drp litter. But I will keep picking it up until they stp drpping it. I knw I am nly ding a small bit t help the earth, but I still think it is imprtant.
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
29-year-ld Yang Xu has taken up a new hbby: seal carving (篆刻), and has been taking classes at a lcal night schl. “I used 21 (spend) my free time staring at my smartphne,” Yang said.
“Nw, I spend ne and a half 22 (hur) at the seal cutting class every day, finding achievement and peace in it.”
Night classes were very ppular in the 1980s, when many yung Chinese peple were learning new skills t make 23 living. Tday, these classes are becming ppular again amng yung peple, thugh they nw serve the purpse 24 enriching cultural needs.
The night art schl Yang attends 25 (set) up by the lcal gvernment in 2016. Fr thse 26 are interested, the schl prvides twelve 90-minute classes at a cst f 500 yuan. On average, the price fr each hur f class is 27 (near) the same as a bubble tea.
Befre the night schl was pened, yung peple had truble 28 (find) classes in traditinal art. Tday, the night schl prvides all these classes at a reasnable price, taught by 29 (celebrate) teachers and artists.
Fr many yung peple, night classes are an escape frm the busy city life. “The stress in city creates a lt f wrries,” Yang said. “Peple need a place t rest 30 (they) minds, and night art classes can be that ne.”
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。
In ancient China, when friends r relatives were separating, they wuld pick a willw twig (柳条) and give it t the persn wh was leaving. This was t express 31 (they) wish fr him t stay. In Chinese, the wrd fr “willw” is prnunced the same 32 the wrd fr “stay”.
Many Chinese pets liked writing abut willws in their wrks. One f 33 (famus) pems is A Farewell Sng (《送元二使安西》) by Wang Wei. It reads,
N dust is raised n the rad wet with mrning rain,
The willws by the htel lk s fresh and green.
I invite yu 34 (drink) a cup f wine again,
West f the Sunny Pass n mre 35 (friend) will be seen.
Nwadays, willw twigs can als be seen in mdern art. There was an amazing perfrmance abut willw twigs. 365 peple 36 (hld) willw twigs in their hands n the green stage. At the same time, 37 ancient painting f weeping willws (垂柳) appeared n the LED screen. The setting f 365 peple std fr 365 days, and the clr green meant the return f spring. The perfrmance 38 (praise) highly by the audience. “I was deeply attracted by 39 (traditin) Chinese culture,” ne f them said.
In shrt, giving a willw twig t a persn is nt saying gdbye 40 asking him t stay. This is the beauty f Chinese culture.
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个恰当的词或括号内单词的正确形式（不超过3个单词），并将答案写在答题卡的相应位置。
The Traveling Club is ppular in ur schl. It 41 (hld) activities every week. Last week, my friends and I tk part 42 an activity with the Traveling Club. The night befre, I culdn’t stp 43 (talk) abut the trip with my mm. I gt up really early n Sunday mrning. After breakfast, I tk my lunch and left hme 44 (quick). I hurried t schl and met the ther 45 (student) and Mr. Li, ur trip leader. When we were all there, we left fr the Lucky Island.
The bat ride t Lucky Island was really 46 (interest)! We saw a lt f fish and clrful birds. When we arrived, we went n a lng walk and saw 47 beautiful garden. After the hike, we were very hungry! We sat n the beach and ate ur lunch. After that, we 48 (play) games and tk pictures. We really enjyed urselves. Finally, it was time 49 (g) hme. I cannt wait fr 50 (I) next trip with the Traveling Club. I believe it will be even better.
三、语法选择
根据短文内容，从 A、B、C三个选项中选出一个语法正确的答案，并把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。
I am a plice fficer. I began t wrk at 1 plice statin in the desert area f Dunhuang twenty years ag. It is nt easy 2 in such a special envirnment. Once, ur car brke dwn halfway t the city center f Dunhuang. We waited there t be rescued（救援）, but nbdy appeared. We had t leave the car there and turn back t 3 statin, 40 kilmeters away, n ft. That was at nn n a ht day. The grund temperature was abut 70 degrees.
4 2019, I was named as ne f the mst utstanding plice fficers in China. I think half the hnr belngs t my family 5 always shw understanding and supprt fr my jb.
When I first started wrking at the statin, my daughter was nly seven. And nw my grandsn is the same age. Over the past twenty years, there have been s 6 times that I wasn’t by their side when they needed me. In 2016, my daughter gt 7 ill and went t Lanzhu fr treatment. I wasn’t there with her because I 8 fr a grup f turists wh had gne missing in Lp Nr at that time. A week later, the turists 9 and I rushed t Lanzhu. Luckily my daughter was already ut f danger. She was a little angry with me at first, 10 later she understd.
I never regret wrking at the statin. I feel prud that I have helped lts f peple in need.
1．A．aB．anC．/D．the
2．A．wrkB．t wrkC．travelD．t travel
3．A．weB．ursC．urD．us
4．A．InB．OnC．AtD．By
5．A．whichB．whC．whmD．whse
6．A．manyB．muchC．fewD．little
7．A．easyB．easilyC．seriusD．seriusly
8．A．lkB．lkedC．am lkingD．was lking
9．A．fundB．were fundC．are fundD．have fund
10．A．andB．sC．butD．r
阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，从所给的四个选项中选出一个最佳答案，使短文连贯完整。
It’s many peple’s dream t travel arund the wrld, and Cry Lee has already dne it.
Cry’s traveling jurney started early 11 his life. Althugh he has t stay in a wheelchair because f his illness, Cry went n his first trip t Disney Wrld 12 he was fur. At the age f 15, he 13 abrad fr the first time with his mther, and since then he has shwn great interest in traveling.
The fearless yung man never lets his wheelchair stp him frm ding 14 . After visiting 37 cuntries all ver the wrld, Cry just became 15 first traveler in a wheelchair t visit every cntinent (洲)! “I understand that nt everything is sure ging t be pssible,” he said. “But if yu have made up yur mind t d 16 and keep psitive (积极的), yu’ll make it.”
It tk 17 research and planning fr Cry t prepare fr his trips, which he said was plenty f wrk. That’s what inspired him 18 Curb Free with Cry Lee, a website where he shares ideas with ther disabled 19 . He als wrte a bk fr children—Let’s Explre With Cr Cr. It tells a stry abut a by wh travels t different cuntries in his wheelchair. As yu can imagine, many children 20 by his stry.
Just in his wn way, Cry shws the wrld that where there’s a will, there’s a way.
11．A．nB．inC．fD．fr
12．A．ifB．becauseC．althughD．when
13．A．travelB．travelsC．traveledD．has traveled
14．A．what he can dB．hw he can dC．what can he dD．hw can he d
15．A．aB．anC．theD．/
16．A．smethingB．anythingC．everythingD．nthing
17．A．carefullyB．carefulC．carelesslyD．careless
18．A．stpB．t stpC．createD．t create
19．A．travelerB．travelersC．adultD．adults
20．A．encurageB．encuragedC．was encuragedD．were encuraged
阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，从所给的四个选项中选出一个最佳答案；使短文连贯完整。
Have yu ever dreamed f becming a teacher r smebdy else? One f my classmates, Jenny, always 21 f becming a reprter.
Last week, ur classmates and I decided t help Jenny realize her dream. We came up 22 a wnderful idea t recrd a shrt interview vide. Because f being shrt f prfessinal equipment(设备), we 23 nly use a pen as the micrphne(麦克风). We didn’t have a vide camera either. S I tk the vide with a mbile phne.
When everything was ready, Jenny started t intrduce 24 first. She was nervus. She held a pen and her hands were shaking. She als culdn’t help laughing many times when she 25 by ther classmates. We did nt stp the recrding because these interesting events are a way t shw ur true feelings. And then she interviewed 26 classmates by asking them sme questins like “What is yur dream?”. Sme f them were t shy 27 clearly. Sme were utging and encuraged teenagers t fight fr their dreams. One student even asked 28 him next time s that he culd prepare fr it in time. Finally, we finished the interview 29 . Our vide gt ppular in ur schl.
I think we nt nly helped realize Jenny’s dream but als made a great memry f ur senir high schl life. Althugh we are nt 30 , we have passins(激情) and energy. We shuld be brave dream fllwers. Everything can be wrth.
21．A．dreamsB．dreamedC．hearsD．heard
22．A．nB．atC．withD．fr
23．A．mustB．culdC．shuldD．need
24．A．sheB．herC．herselfD．hers
25．A．watchesB．is watchedC．watchedD．was watched
26．A．weB．urC．usD．urs
27．A．laughB．t laughC．speakD．t speak
28．A．when we wuld interviewB．why we wuld interviewC．when wuld we interviewD．why wuld we interview
29．A．successfulB．successfullyC．terribleD．terribly
30．A．experienceB．experiencesC．experiencedD．experiencing
根据短文内容，从 A、B、C三个选项中选出一个语法正确的答案，并把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。
Every year ur schl rganizes sme charity(慈善) events. The mst ppular event f the year 31 the fd drive. And it 32 a very successful charity event since 2021 and mst f the students have taken part in it. Each schl des its fd drives a bit 33 . Hwever, mst f the time the fd drives are set up in a similar style.
In my schl it usually lasts fr a few weeks. Mst f the time, students bring the fd 34 their hme. The fd 35 fr a lng perid f time, fr example canned(罐装的) gds. We als rganize activities utside the schl. Students can g dr t dr arund their neighbrhd and ask 36 sme fd.
After that time is ver, we will bring the cllected fd t ur lcal Cmmunity Table. The families in ur cmmunity can cme t have 37 warm meal if they want. Usually, a grup f students g with ne f ur 38 t give ut the fd. I delivered(传递) fd with my teacher last year. Then I was surprised 39 s many families wh were suffering hunger in ur cmmunity.
I was glad that ur schl was able t help ut all f thse families. We d this several times each year. 40 it is! Sure, we can’t change the wrld, but we can d ur best t make ur wrld a better place.
31．A．wereB．areC．isD．was
32．A．will beB．wuld beC．has beenD．had been
33．A．differentlyB．differentC．easilyD．easy
34．A．fB．atC．intD．frm
35．A．shuld keepingB．shuld be keptC．shuld keepD．shuld kept
36．A．when peple are willing t shareB．when are peple willing t shareC．if peple are willing t shareD．if are peple willing t share
37．A．/B．aC．anD．the
38．A．teachersB．teacherC．neighbrsD．neighbr
39．A．waitB．t waitC．seeD．t see
40．A．Hw an meaningful eventB．Hw meaningful a eventC．What meaningful an eventD．What a meaningful event
adj
阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法和上下文连贯的要求，从所给的四个选项中选一个最佳答案，使短文连贯完整。
I planned t have a big meal with my family n weekends. Then ne Saturday, we went t 41 expensive restaurant. A yung cuple with a small by nly rdered a piece f the cheapest beef steak. “Sir, anything else? One piece is nt enugh fr all f yu!” The waiter said.
The dad was a little 42 . He said, “Thanks. It’s enugh. We just want t bring the guy t have beef steak (牛排), and we have eaten supper.”
I watched them fr a while. I fund that the parents nt nly tk the by t have beef steak, but als regarded it as a prcess f 43 . The parents taught the kid 44 t use a knife and frk and tld him sme table manners.
I’d like t becme gd friends with the family. Then I walked ver and asked 45 , “May I ffer each f yu a cup f cffee?” They accepted my cffee with a smile. We began t chat. “T be hnest, we are very pr, 46 we can’t affrd any expensive fd at all. Hwever, we have every cnfidence in ur by. He lives in a pr family, but I believe he 47 great success in the future. That’s why we teach him the gd table manners,” said the dad. “We hpe ur kid can be a persn 48 respects himself and thers.”
We became friends and gt n well with each ther. Later, great prgress 49 by the kid and he succeeded. And I have the hnr t drink a cup f cffee frm him, especially in 50 restaurant in England.
41．A．aB．anC．theD．/
42．A．embarrassB．embarrassedC．embarrassingD．embarrassment
43．A．learnB．learnsC．t learnD．learning
44．A．hwB．whatC．whyD．whse
45．A．pliteB．impliteC．plitelyD．implitely
46．A．sB．rC．becauseD．but
47．A．achievesB．has achievedC．achievedD．will achieve
48．A．whB．whichC．whenD．where
49．A．makesB．madeC．has madeD．was made
50．A．expensiveB．mre expensiveC．the mst expensiveD．mst expensive
考点
考向
考法/命题角度
一般现在时
一般过去时
考察最多的主要集中在
一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时。
1、动词 cme, g, arrive, leave, start, begin, return, stp 等用一般现在时表将来。这主要表示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情。
例如：The mvie starts at six ’clck and ends at 8 ’clck.
2、在时间或条件句中，一般现在时可以表示将来。
3、注意动词过去式的不规则变化
现在进行时
过去进行时
下列动词的现在进行时可以表示将来。如 g, cme, fly, leave, start, begin, arrive 等。
例如：My father is arriving at Beijing airprt at 3 p.m. tmrrw.
现在完成时
过去完成时
注意现在完成时一些标志词，如：already, just, ever, never, befre, yet；since 和 fr
注意区分瞬间动词与延续动词
一般将来时
过去将来时
1、掌握常见时间状语：the next day
2、在宾语从句中，主句过去时，从句的动作发生某个将来的时间。
时态
主动语态形式
被动语态形式
一般现在时
am/is/are/d/des
am/is/are dne
一般过去时
was/were/did
was/were dne
一般将来时
will /shall d
am/is/are ging t d
am/is/are cming/leaving
am/is/are t d
am/is/are abut t d
will /shall be dne
am/is/are t be dne
现在进行时
am/is/are ding
am/is/are being dne
过去进行时
was/were ding
was/were being dne
过去完成时
had dne
had been dne
现在完成时
has/have dne
has/have been dne
过去将来时
wuld d
was ging t d
was cming/leaving
was t d
was abut t d
wuld be dne
was/were t be dne
常用时态
被动结构
一般现在时
am/is/are+过去分词
一般过去时
was/were+过去分词
一般将来时
will/shall+ be+过去分词
现在进行时
am/is/are + being+过去分词
过去进行时
was/were + being+过去分词
现在完成时
have/has been+过去分词
过去完成时
had +been+过去分词
含情态动词
can/may/must/. . . + be+过去分词
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