专题04 阅读理解文体之记叙文（讲练）-2024年中考英语二轮复习讲练测（浙江通用）

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中考英语阅读记叙文是以描写叙述为主，主要描写时间、地点、人物、事件和过程等。其特点是主题往往潜伏在字里行间，没有直接地表白出来；文章主旨要透过体察所揭示的人物、事件来进行提炼。描写手法大多按时间或空间顺序来展开。阅读时应采取略读和扫读的方法，快速抓住文中描写的主要内容，从整体上去把握文章的连贯性，进而大体上揣测出作者的写作意图及情感主线。中考阅读理解就记叙文设题大多也是以细节理解题为主。
从命题形式上看，常见的有细节理解、词义猜测、主旨大意、推理判断、作者意图等题型。除了推论或词义辨识题，记叙文命题的顺序一般都会按照文章的脉络和故事发展的顺序层层推进，否则就会觉得别扭，逻辑不通。同时，记叙文需要事件的发展过程作支撑，一半以上的题目都会用来检测考生对故事的了解，因此，我们必须弄明白整件事情的发展脉络。而其余像主旨大意、作者意图之类的题目，则取决于文章的落句，集中考查对作者所发的感触的理解。总之，细节题是记叙文命题的主流题型。而寓意之类的题则是高一层次的题，有一定的难度和区分度。综上所述，记叙文的应对策略即：不漏细节，奠定基础；把准寓意，方能成功。
【应试技巧】
一把钥匙开一把锁。要解答好记叙文阅读理解题，就应该有一套针对性强的方法和技巧。
（1）顺藤摸瓜。
记叙文中有大量的事件发展过程中的细节，包括记叙文的5W（what, wh, when, where, why）要素。因此我们作答细节题的时候，就没有那么复杂，一般只需要由前到后，从上到下，一题一题地做就可以了。
（2）左顾右盼。
在做题过程中，我们大都不能在文中找到与题干一字不差的词语或句子。这时我们需要认真研究问题，抓住题干中的关键词语，然后到文中准确地找到与之相关的语句，或是疑似语句的位置，接着去左顾，或右盼，在前句或后句寻找线索。
（3）刨根问底。
如前所述，主旨大意题或推理判断、作者意图题等实际上是同一类型的问题，或者说是可用同种方法解答的题型。在解答此类题目的时候，不可被题干的表象所迷惑，要像剥洋葱一样，一层一层地剥；在四个可选项中，一个一个地去证实，去排除。特别是解答推论或暗指类的题目，比如“What can be inferred frm …?”或是What des the authr imply in…?”之类的题目，文中所陈述的往往不是答案。我们要在文前文后去查找，在字里行间里去寻觅。有时还少不了借助自己的生活经验和常理来体会这言外之意。
（4）拨云见日。
每年的中考阅读题中，特别是记叙文的阅读题，都会出现一至两道词义猜测题。而这些词汇往往是你素昧平生的，或者和你有点头之交，在文中却另有新意的，总之，猜的是那些在高考词汇表要求之外的词汇。小小的一个词，一个短语，考核的不是你的语法的熟练程度，也不是你的记忆力，而是你对文章通篇或者一个段落的整体把握和变通能力。
这时，你不仅需要“左顾右盼”，还需要在几句话，一个段落，乃至整篇文章的字里行间中快速搜寻，看看前面、后面都发生了些什么；反复琢磨人物、事物，或者人物与事物之间的内在联系，才可能在最后拨开团团迷雾，从四个选项中选出正确答案。
（2023·浙江湖州·中考真题）Jacksn was walking hme frm schl ne afternn when his untied shelaces (鞋带) caught his ft. He almst fell. He put dwn his backpack and tied them.
Eva and Dave were riding dwn the ther side f the street. Suddenly, Dave stpped and pinted.
“Wha! Did yu see that?” he asked. “Jacksn just ttally fell dwn there!”
“Oh, n! Is he kay?” asked Eva.
“It lks like he hurt his knee.”
Just as they were still talking abut this, Mandy caught up with them. “What are yu guys talking abut?” she asked.
“Jacksn just fell and hurt his knee,” said Eva.
“Was he bleeding (流血)?” asked Mandy.
The stry began t spread. Within an hur, Kevin heard the whle stry. “Jacksn gt hit by a car n his way hme. There was bld everywhere, and he was sent t hspital.
That night, Oliver gt mre infrmatin. “ ▲ He desn’t even remember anything abut the accident! He wn’t be at schl fr at least fur weeks.”
The next mrning, everybdy at schl was talking abut Jacksn.
“Lucky Jacksn,” Maya said. “He gets t miss s much schl.”
“The pr guy can’t even mve, and yu think he’s lucky?” said Kathy.
Bb shk his head sadly, “He was s gd at sccer—what if he can never play again?”
“Maybe we shuld send him a card r visit him in the hspital,” suggested Bill.
“Will he even remember us?” asked Gina.
“I can’t believe he lst his memry!” Lisa cried.
Just then, Jacksn came arund the crner and walked ver t Gina and Lisa. “Hey guys, what’s ging n?” he asked.
Everyne stpped talking and stared at him.
1．What was Jacksn ding when he almst fell?
A．Tying his shelaces.B．Riding his bike hme.
C．Walking in the street.D．Putting dwn his backpack.
2．Which f the fllwing is the best t fill in the “ ▲ ” in the passage?
A．Jacksn fell dwn and hurt his knee.
B．Jacksn gt hit by a car and kept bleeding.
C．Jacksn gt caught by his shelaces and fell.
D．Jacksn brke his leg and his head was hurt.
3．Frm the last sentence f the passage, we can infer that everyne was ________.
A．shckedB．scaredC．upsetD．disappinted
4．The best title fr the passage can prbably be ________.
A．A Funny FriendB．He Said, She Said
C．A Terrible AccidentD．He Hurt, She Cared
【答案】1．C 2．D 3．A 4．B
【导语】本文主要讲述了Jacksn在放学回家的路上，因为鞋带没有系好差点摔倒，被好心的朋友们误解成被车撞伤送医院，结果他们都很担心。但事实上，Jacksn并没有受伤，当大家看到他的时候都感到十分惊讶。
1．细节理解题。根据“Jacksn was walking hme frm schl ne afternn when his untied shelaces (鞋带) caught his ft. He almst fell.”可知，在街上走路的时候差点摔倒，故选C。
2．推理判断题。根据“He desn’t even remember anything abut the accident!”可知，脑袋受伤了所以几乎记不得任何东西，D选项“Jacksn摔断了腿，头部也受了伤”符合，故选D。
3．推理判断题。根据“Everyne stpped talking and stared at him.”可知，大家都传Jacksn被车撞，失忆了，当Jacksn出现在大家面前的时候，每个人停止讨论盯着他，都感到很惊讶，故选A。
4．最佳标题题。通读全文可知，本文由Jacksn差点摔倒而引发一系列的谣言，每个人都有不一样的说法，所以B选项“他说，她说”符合本文标题，故选B。
（2023·浙江宁波·中考真题）It was the last day f the schl year. The classrm was filled with excitement. When ur teacher, Mr. Jhnsn, walked in, hlding a CD player, everyne’s face lit up with a smile. We knew that this wasn’t ging t be anther nrmal day, but a special ne.
“Please calm dwn and sit,” said Mr. Jhnsn, “I’m glad everyne’s here fr the final reading test f the year.” When everyne cried, Mr. Jhnsn laughed, saying it was just a jke. Then he reminded us that we still had a jb t d. “Yu need t clean ut yur desks and put all yur things int yur backpacks.” he added gently.
As we began ur task, Mr. Jhnsn turned n the CD player. The lively music made the rm feel like a party. Sme f us started singing alng with the music, thers were dancing arund their desks while they were cleaning them ut. Even Mr. Jhnsn shwed us a few dance steps, making everyne laugh heartily. After we finished cleaning, smene asked, “When is break time?” Mr. Jhnsn tk ut sme balls and started playing with them. Suddenly, he let the balls drp and said, “Break time starts ... nw!”
Just as we were abut t rush ut, ur headmaster, Mrs. Miller, appeared at the dr. “Mr. Jhnsn!” she cried ut. A mment f silence fell ver the rm as we thught, “Mr. Jhnsn might be in truble.” Hwever, t ur surprise, Mrs. Miller culdn’t help but laugh at the sight and left us t enjy ur break.
During break time, Mr. Jhnsn surprised us with anther treat. He went t the cafe and came back with ice creams fr everyne. We all cheered fr him!
As we walked back t the classrm, we passed Mrs. Miller’s ffice. Smene jked, “Dn’t play with the ice creams, Mr. Jhnsn!” We all laughed tgether...
5．What is the crrect rder f the fllwing activities?
①Mr. Jhnsn played with balls. ②Students gt ice creams happily.
③Students did the cleaning. ④Mr. Jhnsn jked abut having a test.
A．①④③②B．②①④③C．③④②①D．④③①②
6．What des the underlined wrd “them” in Paragraph 3 refer t?
A．Balls.B．CDs.C．Desks.D．Backpacks.
7．Which sentence in the passage shws that the headmaster is kind?
A．..., Mrs. Miller, appeared at the dr.B．Mr. Jhnsn might be in truble.
C．Mrs. Miller culdn’t help but laugh...D．“Mr. Jhnsn!” she cried ut.
8．Which f the fllwing mst prbably happened at the end f the stry?
A．The students went back hme happily.B．Mr. Jhnsn became angry with the students.
C．The students still had a reading test.D．Mrs. Miller came ut running after the students.
【答案】5．D 6．C 7．C 8．A
【导语】本文讲述了在学年的最后一天，学生和老师度过了开心的一天。
5．细节理解题。根据“said Mr. Jhnsn, ‘I’m glad everyne’s here fr the final reading test f the year.’”可知Jhnsn老师首先开玩笑说要考试；根据“Then he reminded us that we still had a jb t d. ‘Yu need t clean ut yur desks and put all yur things int yur backpacks.’ he added gently.”可知接着提醒学生们要清理桌子。即前两件事顺序为④③。故选D。
6．词句猜测题。根据“thers were dancing arund their desks while they were cleaning them ut.”可知一些人在打扫桌子时围着桌子跳舞。划线部分“them”指代前文“their desks”。故选C。
7．推理判断题。根据“Hwever, t ur surprise, Mrs. Miller culdn’t help but laugh at the sight and left us t enjy ur break.”可知Hwever表示转折，此处是指校长Miller是很善良的，让学生们享受休息时间。故选C。
8．推理判断题。根据“We all laughed tgether...”和全文可知在学年的最后一天，学生们都很开心，可推知接下来学生高兴地回家了。故选A。
一、细节理解题
第一步：审读题干，提取关键信息；
第二步：速读定位原文信息句，将试题信息与原文信息进行语义转换；
第三步：逐一核对选项，仔细辨别，得出答案。
解题原则：对原文中能直接排除的进行筛选，不能直接找到的多处相关信息进行整合转换。
【示例】
I always think my daughter Kendall is the best—that’s just what parents d. When she was nly three, she sang fr the peple, like a little angel.
When Kendall was five, we nticed that she smetimes had a tic. When the prblem gt wrse, we tk her frm dctr t dctr. During the treatment, Kendall cntinued t sing. Surprisingly, her tics disappeared when she sang.
2．What was a surprise during the treatment in Paragraph 2?
A．She had a tic when she sang.B．She sang fr the peple.
C．She was cured sn.D．Her tics disappeared when she sang.
【答案】2．D
2．细节理解题。根据第二段“During the treatment, Kendall cntinued t sing. Surprisingly, her tics disappeared when she sang.”可知，惊讶的是，在治疗期间，Kendall一唱歌，她的面部抽搐就会消失。故选D。
【示例】
But he didn’t stp there. Liam has anther prject called Legs (乐高) f Lve. Peple send in their ld tys, which are then srted and given t children wh are living at hmeless shelters.
One thing is certain: This nw 12-year-ld knws hw t pay it frward (让爱传播出去). His Lunches f Lve is an example f hw even smething as simple as a sandwich can change the wrld.
7．Hw did Liam help the children at hmeless shelters?
A．By raising mney fr them.B．By making sandwiches fr them.
C．By buying ld tys fr them.D．By creating a prject called Legs f Lve.
【答案】7．D
【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。主要记叙了美国孩子Liam Hannn在暑假做爱心午餐等其它事情，帮助那些饥饿的人们的故事。
7．细节理解题。根据文中“Liam has anther prject called Legs (乐高) f Lve. Peple send in their ld tys, which are then srted and given t children wh are living at hmeless shelters.”可知，Liam通过创建一个叫做爱的乐高的项目来帮助那些无家可归的孩子们。故选D。
二、推理判断题
推理判断题是中考阅读理解试题中的重要题型之一, 包括推理和判断两个方面，是考生失分率较高的题型。考查考生透过文章表面文字信息推测文章隐含意思，进行逻辑推理，对文章的细节、作者的态度、意图作出正确推理判断的能力。分析今年高考题可知，推断题呈不断上升的趋势，且由过去简单的对号入座直接答题转向通过语句的同义或反义词及长难句来考查考生对语言的理解能力，难度比之前有所增加。
题型和考查角度：
1.高频考点：隐含意义、写作意图、观点态度。
2.低频考点：文章出处、文章结构、目标读者。
【示例】
S in my pinin, if we think highly f China’s mdern wnders, I believe its high-speed rail system must be ne f them. And it's ne symbl f a new China and a sign f China’s strength (实力) as well.
9．What is Mike’s attitude (态度) t Chinese high-speed rail train?
A．He lks dwn upn it.B．He dislikes it.
C．He thinks highly f it.D．He hates it.
【答案】 9．C
【分析】作者通过自己从北京到天津出差经历，高度赞扬了中国先进的高铁系统。
9．观点态度题。根据文章最后一段“S in my pinin, if we think highly f China’s mdern wnders, I believe its high-speed rail system must be ne f them. And it's ne symbl f a new China and a sign f China’s strength (实力) as well.”可知，在Mike看来，高铁系统是新中国的标志之一。所以，Mike的观点是高度赞扬了中国的高铁。故选C。
【示例】
What is a her? We may think f the fictinal characters with supernatural pwers r great peple wh can influence wrld events. Nw, as the natin cntinues its all-ut effrts t fight against the nvel crnavirus pneumnia(新冠肺炎), medical staff have becme heres in the eyes f the public.
4．What is the authr’s main purpse in writing this article?
A．T explain what makes a mdern-day her.
B．T praise medical staff fr their effrts t fight the NCP.
C．T describe what measures China has taken t deal with the virus.
D．T shw the difficulties faced by medical staff treating NCP patients.
【答案】4．B
【分析】本文主要介绍了两个医务人员的事迹，在新冠肺炎疫情期间，医务人员成为了公众眼里的英雄。
4．写作意图题。根据第一段中“Nw, as the natin cntinues its all-ut effrts t fight against the nvel crnavirus pneumnia, medical staff have becme heres in the eyes f the public.”并结合全文可知，随着国家继续全力抗击新型冠状病毒肺炎，医务人员已成为公众眼中的英雄，文章同时列举了两位医护人员在抗击新冠肺炎中的事迹，所以作者写这篇文章的主要目的是赞扬医护人员为抗击新冠肺炎所做出的努力。故选B。
【示例】
Abby’s Lessn
① When talking abut beying rules, Abby will never frget her experience with her father and her pet Tbias, a small muse at the airprt years ag.
② One day, Abby’s father was taking her t visit her grandmther and they are nt allwed t take a muse int anther cuntry. It was a rule. But Abby put the muse int her sck in her bag secretly withut telling her dad. When they arrived at the airprt, they had t be checked by the X-ray machine. Abby felt her legs shaking and her heart beating fast. Unexpectedly, they passed.
③ On the plane, Abby pened up the bag after her dad and the wman next t her fell asleep. Tbias was excited t jump ut frm the bag. He landed upside dwn n the wman’s knee. The wman screamed ludly s that many peple n the plane heard the vice. At that mment, Abby put Tbias int her bag quickly. But her dad didn’t knw at all but slept.
④ After they landed, Abby’s dad ticked (打勾) NO n a paper t: “Are yu bringing any live animals int the cuntry?” But a man at the X-ray machine asked Abby t pen her bag. Abby had t pen and pulled ut the sck. Then the man led Abby and her father int a small, dark rm. There were sme peple in unifrms. Tbias was in the sck n the desk. One plice fficer talked t Abby’s dad. “This is very serius,” he said, “Yu have tried t smuggle (偷运) an animal int this cuntry and yu have lied n the paper.” “It’s my fault,” Abby said in a small vice, “Dad didn’t knw I had Tbias.” The plice fficer stared at her, “What’s yur name? Have yu ever been in truble befre?” Abby pened her muth, but n sund came ut. At last, her dad had t pay a big fine (罚款) fr what Abby did. It cst a lt f mney. And Tbias had t g int quarantine (隔离检疫) fr six mnths.
⑤ It must be a real lessn fr Abby. Frm then n, she never breaks the rules any mre.
11．Which is the crrect rder f the stry?
a. Abby put Tbias int the sck in her bag.
b. Tbias was sent t quarantine fr half a year.
c. They succeeded in passing thrugh the X-ray machine.
d. Tbias jumped nt a wman’s knee and scared her a lt.
A．a-c-b-dB．d-c-b-aC．d-b-c-aD．a-c-d-b
12．Hw is the passage rganized?
A．B．
C．D．
【答案】 11．D 12．A
【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，文章讲述了Abby违反航空规定，瞒着父母带宠物老鼠上飞机，结果被抓住罚款的经历。从此Abby学会了遵守公共规则。
11．篇章结构题。根据第二段第三句“But Abby put the muse int her sck in her bag secretly withut telling her dad.”可知，Abby偷偷把老鼠放到了包里；根据第二段最后一句“Unexpectedly, they passed.”可知，Abby一家意外地通过了登机前的X射线检查；根据第三段“Tbias was excited t jump ut frm the bag. He landed upside dwn n the wman’s knee.”可知，老鼠Tbias从包里跑出来在一位女士的膝盖上跳来跳去；根据第四段“And Tbias had t g int quarantine (隔离检疫) fr six mnths.”可知，老鼠Tbias被隔离检疫半年。综上，故事的发展顺序是a-c-d-b，故选D。
12．篇章结构题。通读全文可知，本文是总分总的结构，第一段引出Abby的经历，第二到四段详细叙述故事发生的经过，最后一段写Abby从中吸取的教训，故选A。
三、词义猜测题
题型和考查角度：
1.猜测生词或熟词生义。
2.猜测短语的意义。
3.猜测代替词所替代的内容。
4.猜测句意。
【示例】
Frank didn’t understand why Jack wuld rather d thse things than play ball. He believed sprts ften allwed many kids t play tgether. That was when Jack’s idea hatched. He wuld shw Frank what ding things tgether lked like!
30．What des the underlined wrd “hatched” in Paragraph 2 prbably mean?
A．Appeared.B．Changed.C．Develped.D．Brke.
【答案】30．C
30．词义猜测题。根据文中的句子“That was when Jack’s idea hatched.He wuld shw Frank what ding things tgether lked like”（他会让弗兰克看看一起做事是什么样子）可推测，划线词所在句说的是“就在那时杰克的想法产生了”，故划线词的意思与“Develped”相同，是“产生”的意思。故选C。
【示例】
The prcess is simple. Using an app develped by Lee and his team, restaurants reprt hw much leftver fd they have each day, and then vlunteers cllect the fd frm these restaurants and deliver(投递) it t hmeless shelters and fd kitchens. In the end, the fd will be delivered t thse in need. Lee believes this is a very gd way f delivery.
36．The underlined wrd “they” in the furth paragraph refers t _________.
A．vlunteersB．restaurantsC．Lee and his teamD．peple in need
【答案】36．B
36．词义猜测题。根据“Using an app develped by Lee and his team, restaurants reprt hw much leftver fd they have each day”可知，用这个应用程序，餐厅可以报告每天它们有多少剩下的食物，所以they指代“restaurants”，故选B。
【示例】
Alan Glan was paired with Marks. The 24-year-ld started wrking full- time fr Papa when he failed t find a sales jb. He spends abut six hurs helping Marks every weekday. He earns $ 12 fr the first hur and $ 10.2 per hur after that.
41．The underlined phrase was paired with is similar t ________.
A．was intrduced tB．was exchanged fr
C．was knwn byD．was satisfied with
【答案】 41．A
41．词句猜测题。根据“The 24-year-ld started wrking full- time fr Papa when he failed t find a sales jb…He earns $ 12 fr the first hur and $ 10.2 per hur after that.”可知Alan Glan帮助马克斯，可推测出是被引荐给，故选A。
四、主旨大意题
题型和考查角度：
1.主题类：文章大意题和段落大意题(概括文章或段落的主旨大意)
2.标题类：标题判断题（选择最佳标题）。
【示例】
The day was Thankful Thursday. It’s a weekly traditin that my tw little girls and I began years ag. We always g ut in the wrld and d charity (慈善) wrk. Last Thursday, we were ging t buy lunch fr the beggars (乞丐) in the street. I rdered 15 lunches frm McDnald’s (麦当劳) and decided t hand them ut.
I dn’t knw if the wman nticed the tears (泪水) in my eyes. I have questined many times whether ur acts f kindness were t small t make a difference. Yet at that mment, I realized the truth f Mther Teresa’s wrds: “We cannt d great things—nly small things with great lve.”
13．What des the article want t tell us?
A．It’s difficult t help everyne in need.
B．A small act f kindness means a lt.
C．Each family has its wn prblems.
【答案】 13．B
13．主旨大意题。根据“I have questined many times whether ur acts f kindness were t small t make a difference”可知，这篇文章想告诉我们一个小小的善行意味着许多，故选B。
【示例】
“Barbara and I get alng s well, ” Glan said. “We have a lt f fun chatting tgether. I care abut her. She's like a new friend.” It might sund crazy hiring a stranger t act as a grandchild. Hwever, these yung peple are a great help t ld peple wh live alne.
43．What wuld be the best title fr the passage?
A．Grandchildren NeededB．Mre Vlunteers Wanted
C．Family Prblems SlvedD．Papa Advertisement Fund
【答案】43．A
43．最佳标题。根据文章最后一段中“It might sund crazy hiring a stranger t act as a grandchild. Hwever, these yung peple are a great help t ld peple wh live alne.”可知雇一个陌生人当孙子听起来可能很疯狂。然而，这些年轻人对独居的老人有很大的帮助，故选A。
一、阅读理解
Tw years ag, I was sitting in my car waiting in line fr paying the tll (通行费). When I finally reached the tll statin, the tll statin wrker tld me that the persn in frnt had paid fr me and I was free t g. I was s shcked. I didn’t need t save the 5 dllars. I wuld never knw wh he was. I was tired f the heavy traffic and the lng line, and that behavir was surprising and unbelievable, which really tuched my heart. S I decided t pay fr the next car waiting in line.
The first time I tried t pay frward the tll, I kept lking int my rear-view mirrr (后视镜) t see wh I’d be paying fr. In the mirrr, I saw a tired-lking taxi driver. And I felt satisfied that my mney wuld be ging t a gd place. But befre we gt t the tll statin, the taxi driver had suddenly changed his way and nw there was smene else behind me. She lked upset and was gesturing (打手势) angrily in a cnversatin with her friend. I wasn’t willing t be paying fr a wman like that and was certainly judging her by what I was seeing in the mirrr. Anyway, I paid the tll fr bth f us and left.
Thirty secnds later I was surprised t hear a hnk (汽车喇叭声). It was the wman and her friend waving at me frm the ther way! She lked cheerful and happy. She wasn’t what I thught she was like. This was a valuable lessn that I shuldn’t judge peple s quickly. After all, I dn’t knw their stries.
1．Wh paid fr the writer?
A．A caring stranger.
B．A clse friend.
C．A disappinted wman.
D．The tll statin wrker.
2．Why did the writer pay frward the tll?
A．Because he didn’t need t save mney.
B．Because he wanted t pass n the kindness.
C．Because he was satisfied with the taxi driver.
D．Because he made a mistake because f the tiredness.
3．What is the CORRECT rder f the fllwing statements accrding t the passage?
①The writer saw an upset and angry wman but still paid fr her.
②The writer decided t pay frward the tll fr a taxi driver.
③The writer saw the wman and changed his judgement.
④The persn in frnt f the writer paid fr him.
A．①③②④B．②④①③C．④②③①D．④②①③
4．What d we knw abut the writer frm the passage?
A．He disliked the wman in the end.
B．He warmly helped the taxi driver.
C．He gladly paid fr the wman.
D．He changed his feelings twards the wman.
【答案】1．A 2．B 3．D 4．D
【导语】本文讲述了作者在收费站发生的一段难忘的经历，他将好心人给予的善意传递给了别人。
1．细节理解题。根据“When I finally reached the tll statin, the tll statin wrker tld me that the persn in frnt had paid fr me and I was free t g.”可知，一个好心的陌生人帮作者付了钱。故选A。
2．推理判断题。根据“I was tired f the heavy traffic and the lng line, and that behavir was surprising and unbelievable, which really tuched my heart. S I decided t pay fr the next car waiting in line.”可知，作者是为了将前面为他买单的人将善意传下去。故选B。
3．细节理解题。根据“When I finally reached the tll statin, the tll statin wrker tld me that the persn in frnt had paid fr me and I was free t g.”、“In the mirrr, I saw a tired-lking taxi driver. And I felt satisfied that my mney wuld be ging t a gd place.”、“Anyway, I paid the tll fr bth f us and left.”、“She lked cheerful and happy. She wasn’t what I thught she was like.”可知，正确的顺序是④②①③。故选D。
4．细节理解题。根据“She wasn’t what I thught she was like.”可知，他改变了对那个女人的感觉。故选D。
二、阅读理解
The Mga Caves are a very special place in China, which are lcated in Dunhuang, Gansu Prvince. The Mga Caves are thusands f years ld and were listed as a wrld heritage (遗产) site by UNESCO in 1987.
Many peple, including archaelgists (考古学家) and researchers, wrk hard t take care f the Mga Caves and learn mre abut them. Fan Jinshi is ne f them.
Fan was brn in Beijing n July 9, 1938. Her father was a graduate f Tsinghua University and had a strng interest in Chinese classical art and culture.
Influenced by her father, Fan liked visiting museums when she was in middle schl. With the great lve f Chinese culture, she studied in the archaelgy department in Peking University and graduated in 1963. Then she started wrking at Dunhuang and has wrked there ever since. She spends almst 60 years taking care f Dunhuang. Peple call her the “Daughter f Dunhuang”.
On May 4, 2023, “Daughter f Dunhuang” Fan Jinshi returned t Peking University and brught back 10 millin RMB dnatins t set up the Fan Jinshi Educatin Fund (基金) t ▲ .
“Mney made shuld be spent in the right way. Peple cannt nly think f themselves,” she said. “Hpefully the setting f the Fund can help Dunhuang studies at the university, s it can raise cultural cnfidence and strength.”
5．Hw lng has Fan Jinshi wrked at Dunhuang?
A．Fr almst frty years.
B．Fr abut eighty years.
C．Fr almst sixty years.
D．Fr ver seventy years.
6．What des the underlined wrd “them” in Paragraph 2 refer t?
A．Archaelgists.B．The Mga Caves.
C．Researchers.D．Wrld heritage sites.
7．Which f the fllwing can be put int “ ▲ ” in Paragraph 5?
A．tell peple mre abut Dunhuang and teach the classical art
B．take care f the Mga Caves and learn mre abut them
C．supprt the research f Dunhuang studies at Peking University
D．help take care f Dunhuang and get pictures fr the museum
8．What’s the best title fr the passage?
A．Prtecting Dunhuang
B．Fan Jinshi: “Daughter f Dunhuang”
C．Helping Dunhuang Studies
D．A Great Daughter
【答案】5．C 6．B 7．C 8．B
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了被誉为“敦煌女儿”的樊锦诗在保护莫高窟上所付出的努力和做出的贡献。
5．细节理解题。根据第四段“Then she started wrking at Dunhuang and has wrked there ever since. She spends almst 60 years taking care f Dunhuang.”可知樊锦诗在敦煌工作了约六十年。故选C。
6．词义猜测题。根据第二段“Many peple, including archaelgists (考古学家) and researchers, wrk hard t take care f the Mga Caves and learn mre abut them.”可知them代指的是前面提到的the Mga Caves。故选B。
7．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Hpefully the setting f the Fund can help Dunhuang studies at the university,”可知成立樊锦诗教育基金是为了支持敦煌非遗成果在大学的研究，选项C“支持北京大学敦煌研究”符合语境。故选C。
8．最佳标题题。根据“Then she started wrking at Dunhuang and has wrked there ever since. She spends almst 60 years taking care f Dunhuang. Peple call her the ‘Daughter f Dunhuang’.”并通读全文可知文章主要介绍了被人们誉为“敦煌女儿”的樊锦诗的努力和贡献，因此选项B“樊锦诗：‘敦煌之女’”适合作为本文的标题。故选B。
三、阅读理解
While writing this bk, I nce asked an expert hw he kept frm wrrying. He replied, “I have always tried t fllw the advice: when yu have a lemn, make a lemnade (柠檬汁).”
That is what a wise man des. But the fl des just the ppsite. If he finds that life has given him a “lemn”, he gives up and says, “I’m beaten. I haven’t gt a chance.” Then he starts t develp a sense f self-pity. But when the wise man is handed a “lemn”, he says, “What lessn can I learn frm the bad luck? Hw can I imprve my situatin? Hw can I turn this lemn int a lemnade?”
Here is an interesting stry f a wman wh did just that. Her name is Thelma. “During the war,” she tld me abut her experience, “my husband was sent t an Army training camp near the Mjave Desert. I went there t live with him. But I hated the place. I had never felt s terrible befre. My husband was rdered ut fr training, s I was left alne mst f the time. Nt a friend t talk t but nly the lcal peple wh culdn’t speak English. The wind never stpped blwing. All the fd I ate and the air I breathed were filled with sand, sand, sand! I was s srry fr myself that I wrte t my parents. I said I culdn’t stand it ne minute lnger. My father answered my letter with just tw lines—tw lines that cmpletely changed my life:
Tw men lked ut frm prisn bars (监狱铁窗).
One saw the mud (烂泥)，the ther saw stars.
I read thse tw lines ver and ver. I was ashamed f myself. I made up my mind I wuld find ut what was gd in my present situatin. I wuld lk fr the stars.”
—adapted frm Hw t Stp Wrrying and Start Living
9．What will the wise man d if he has bad luck accrding t the passage?
A．He will ask an expert fr help.B．He will write a bk.
C．He will make a lemnade.D．He will make the situatin better.
10．Which f the fllwing is TRUE abut Thelma?
A．She felt lnely mst f the time.B．She liked the fd and the air there.
C．She made friends with lcal peple.D．She was sent t an Army training camp.
11．In the letter, Thelma’s father was trying t tell her t ________.
A．lk at the starsB．cme back hme
C．find ut what was gdD．get ut f the prisn
12．Which f the fllwing wuld Thelma mst prbably write in her next letter t her father?
A．“The air I breathed is filled with sand, sand, sand!”
B．“I still can’t stand this place. I’m leaving next Mnday.”
C．“Nw when my husband is busy, I will ften watch the stars.”
D．“I’ve made sme friends here, and we ften talk and laugh tgether.”
【答案】9．D 10．A 11．C 12．D
【导语】本文通过Thelma的故事告诉我们当遇到霉运时不要一味的抱怨要善于从中发现好的一面。
9．细节理解题。根据“But when the wise man is handed a ‘lemn’, he says, ‘What lessn can I learn frm the bad luck? Hw can I imprve my situatin? Hw can I turn this lemn int a lemnade?’”可知，当智者遇到坏运气时，他会想我能从这次倒霉中吸取什么教训，我该如何改善我的处境。故选D。
10．细节理解题。根据“s I was left alne mst f the time.”可知，Thelma大多数时间都是感到孤独的。故选A。
11．细节理解题。根据“I made up my mind I wuld find ut what was gd in my present situatin.”可知，读完父亲的信，Thelma决定要在现在的处境中找到好的一面。故选C。
12．推理判断题。根据“I made up my mind I wuld find ut what was gd in my present situatin. I wuld lk fr the stars.”可知，Thelma读完父亲的信决定要在现在的处境中找到好的一面，故推出她再次给父亲写信时可能会说到“我在这里交了一些朋友，我们经常一起谈笑。”故选D。
四、阅读理解
The muntains where I live are full f curvy (弯曲的) and dangerus rads. I was driving dwn ne f thse rads last spring. Days f rain made the grund slippery t drive n.
As I turned arund a curve, I saw a tree that had fallen acrss the rad. It blcked my way. I hit the brakes (刹车) and slwly drve arund it. Then I stpped. I knew it was nly a matter f time befre smene driving faster than I was wuld run int that tree.
I gt ut f my car and tried t pull the tree int the ditch (沟)，but it was t big and heavy t mve. I didn’t knw what t d. But 30 secnds later, a white truck appeared and pulled ver.
Out stepped a yung man. “Yu need a chainsaw (电锯)?” he asked. I said, “Yes!” He pulled ne ut f the back f his truck. Fr the next few minutes, he cut the tree int several parts while I carried them acrss the rad and drpped them n the ther side. “Yu never knw when yu will need a chainsaw,” I jked while my new friend smiled and put his chainsaw back in the truck. I waved gdbye and watched him drive f befre heading back t my wn car.
In this life, yu never knw when yu will need a chainsaw. Yu d knw, hwever, when yu will need a kind and lving heart.
13．What was the rad like last spring?
A．Curvy and slippery.B．Smth and clean.
C．Straight but wet.D．Dry but dangerus.
14．Which f the fllwing is the right rder accrding t the passage?
①I didn’t g n my way until watching him drive ff.
②I failed t mve the big and heavy tree int the ditch.
③A fallen tree acrss the rad blcked my way.
④A man cut the tree int parts with a chainsaw.
A．④②③①B．③②①④C．③②④①D．③④②①
15．Which wrd can best describe the writer’s feeling at the end f the passage?
A．Wrried.B．Surprised.C．Relaxed.D．Grateful.
16．What is the best title fr the passage?
A．A useful chainsaw.B．A kind and helpful act.
C．A scary accident.D．A dangerus and tiring jurney.
【答案】13．A 14．C 15．D 16．B
【导语】本文主要讲述了作者驾车在山路上被一棵树挡住了去路，作者不知所措，在一位年轻人的帮助下，作者顺利移走了树木，继续前行。
13．细节理解题。根据“The muntains where I live are full f curvy (弯曲的) and dangerus rads. I was driving dwn ne f thse rads last spring. Days f rain made the grund slippery t drive n.”可知，山上的道路很弯曲，雨后路面变得很滑。故选A。
14．细节理解题。根据“I saw a tree that had fallen acrss the rad. It blcked my way.”“I gt ut f my car and tried t pull the tree int the ditch (沟)，but it was t big and heavy t mve. I didn’t knw what t d.”“he cut the tree int several parts”及“I waved gdbye and watched him drive f befre heading back t my wn car.”可知，本文的正确顺序为：马路对面一棵倒下的树挡住了我的去路，我没能把那棵又大又重的树移到沟里，一个人用链锯把树锯成了两半，直到看着他开车离开我才上路。故选C。
15．推理判断题。根据“I waved gdbye and watched him drive f befre heading back t my wn car.”及“In this life, yu never knw when yu will need a chainsaw. Yu d knw, hwever, when yu will need a kind and lving heart.”可知，作者因为遇到了帮助他的人而心存感激。故选D。
16．最佳标题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了作者驾车在山路上被一棵树挡住了去路，作者不知所措，在一位年轻人的帮助下，作者顺利移走了树木，继续前行，故本文的最佳标题应为“一种善良而有益的行为”。故选B。
五、阅读理解
As the ldest f three children, I never had any hand-me-dwns t wear like ther pr kids. Instead, Mm gt my wardrbe (全部衣物) frm neighbrhd mthers. Imagine the fun ther kids had when they saw me wearing their used clthing.
Perhaps my biggest challenge came frm Charlie. As far as I was cncerned, Charlie’s main fun was t make fun f me. During thse years, I slwly learned t hate. I hated Charlie, but I als hated myself fr nt being able t change my situatin.
But situatins did change. That pprtunity came after high schl when I jined the Navy. The Navy made me a scial equal fr the first time in my life, and the GI Bill gave me a cllege educatin. Hard wrk and a few lucky career chices finally lifted me int the middle class.
One beautiful summer afternn, my friend and I celebrated Friday in Jacksn’s Steak Huse. Fr the first time in almst twenty years, I saw Charlie. Nt nly did I see him, but he spke t me. I culd tell he didn’t recgnize me, but I surely recgnized my childhd trmentr (折磨者). His wrds were shrt, but I’d never frget them. He said, “Sir, what kind f dressing wuld yu like with yur salad?”
The tables had turned. Charlie was calling me “Sir”. While hundreds f imprper ideas raced thrugh my mind, I culd nly give a tw-wrd reply: “Blue cheese.” As much as I wanted t taste the sweet taste f revenge (复仇), I refused t d it. I wuldn’t put anther persn thrugh what I had gne thrugh as a child. It was time t put childish things behind me and make use f the new pprtunity that life had given me. I left him a gd tip and I didn’t say ne wrd abut recgnizing him.
17．Where did the authr usually get his clthes as a kid?
A．His mm bught them fr him.
B．They were frm ther families.
C．Other pr kids cllected them fr him
D．They were handed dwn by his brthers.
18．What did the authr mean by the underlined sentence in Paragraph 5?
A．The tables had been flded up s that Charlie culd serve him better.
B．He became angry because Charlie called him “Sir”.
C．He was in a strnger psitin than Charlie.
D．The idea t take revenge n Charlie trmented him.
19．Which f the fllwing wrds can be used t describe the authr?
A．Ambitius and well-educated.
B．Frgiving and generus.
C．Indifferent and narrw-minded.
D．Selfless and thughtful.
20．What is the best title f the passage?
A．Live yur wn dreamB．Relive yur childhd memry
C．Lve but nt hate yur enemyD．Grw up and let it g
【答案】17．B 18．C 19．B 20．D
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了小时候查理折磨了作者的童年，他很恨查理，成年后遇到了做服务生的查理，作者本想报复查理，但是最终选择了放手，好好利用生活给自己的新机会。
17．细节理解题。根据“Instead, Mm gt my wardrbe (全部衣物) frm neighbrhd mthers. ”可知，作者小时候经常从其他家庭里得到衣服。故选B。
18．句意猜测题。根据“Charlie was calling me ‘Sir’”以及小的时候查理嘲笑作者的经历可知，现在作者比查理更厉害了，所以查理恭敬地称呼他，故选C。
19．推理判断题。根据“It was time t put childish things behind me and make use f the new pprtunity that life had given me. I left him a gd tip and I didn’t say ne wrd abut recgnizing him.”可知，作者长大后认出了在小时候折磨他的查理，他刚开始想报复他，最终他改变了自己的想法，认为是时候把幼稚的事情抛在脑后，好好利用生活所给的新机会了，他在临走的时候还留下了小费，由此可知作者是宽容和慷慨的，故选B。
20．最佳标题题。根据“I hated Charlie, but I als hated myself fr nt being able t change my situatin.”及最后一段中的“As much as I wanted t taste the sweet taste f revenge (复仇), I refused t d it. I wuldn’t put anther persn thrugh what I had gne thrugh as a child. It was time t put childish things behind me and make use f the new pprtunity that life had given me. I left him a gd tip and I didn’t say ne wrd abut recgnizing him.”可知，小时候查理折磨了作者的童年，他很恨查理，成年后遇到了做服务生的查理，作者本想报复查理，但是最终选择了放手，好好利用生活给自己的新机会。由此可知，Grw up and let it g(成长并放手)适合做本文最佳标题。故选D。