专题01 完形填空文体之记叙文（讲练）课件- 2024年中考英语二轮复习讲练测（浙江专用）

这是一份专题01 完形填空文体之记叙文（讲练）课件- 2024年中考英语二轮复习讲练测（浙江专用），共39页。PPT课件主要包含了考情分析，知识建构，真题研析，考点提炼，题型特训，PART ONE， ，题型特训·命题预测等内容，欢迎下载使用。

完形填空以记叙文为主，主题语境包括人与自我，人与社会，人与自然。侧重考查在具体语境中运用词汇知识的能力，降低了对单词本身用法的考查，少量熟词生义和一词多义的考查。选材内容源于真实生活，以人物思想和行为为中心，体现理性思维，人文情怀、参与社会的人文素养等正能量；以时间或空间的变化为线索，按事件的发生、发展和结束来展开叙述；时态上多以一般过去时为主，其他时态为辅。
考查内容：1.试题以名词，动词，形容词和副词等信息词汇为考查重点，淡化对介词，连词，冠词等结构的考察，测试学生在具体情境中灵活运用所学知识的能力。2.实词中偏重于对动词和名词的考查，同时对形容词、副词以及其他词类的考查。试题以情境意义选择为主，纯语法性选择近年已趋近于零。3.降低对单词考查的要求，突出对文章整体内容理解能力的考查以及同义词与近义词的比较分辨。需要具备的学习素质和能力：词汇，语法，长难句分析。
（2023·浙江湖州·中考真题）阅读下面短文，理解其大意，然后从各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。Ella lved her new life in Alaska, except fr ne thing—Grandma wasn’t happy.Befre they mved here, Ella lived with Dad and Grandma in Kansas. Every day Ella and Grandma cked, gardened r sewed (缝纫) tgether.Then Dad gt a jb in Alaska and wuld take 1 with him. Grandma thught Alaska wasn’t a gd place fr a child. She wanted Ella t stay 2 Dad didn’t agree. Finally Grandma decided t g, t. Ella was verjyed. She culdn’t 3 living anywhere withut Grandma.By autumn, they were in Alaska. Ella had never had s much 4 . She made sme friends and rde in the snwfall. Grandma, hwever, didn’t share Ella’s jy. She didn’t like the cld and 5 stayed at hme. She ften said she 6 the garden f sunflwers back in Kansas.
Ella was 7 and wished t make Grandma happy. She went t her new friend Laura fr 8 . Laura’s mm Helen suggested, “We can make yur grandma a sunflwer quilt that will be cheery and warm.” “Gd idea!” Ella said.Ella then secretly 9 sme brightest clth frm Grandma’s bag and sewed the sunflwer quilt every afternn in Laura’s huse. It was slw ging but enjyable. She wanted t give Grandma a 10 .But Grandma seemed sadder and sadder, always talking abut the 11 and friends in Kansas. One night Ella heard Grandma 12 . She decided t take Grandma t Laura’s huse the next day.When Grandma saw the quilt they were making fr 13 these days, she was mved t tears. She 14 and helped with the sewing. They chatted and laughed. Ella hadn’t heard Grandma sund s 15 since they left Kansas.Maybe what Grandma really needed was staying tgether, Ella thught.
11．A．schlB．libraryC．gardenD．htel12．A．cryingB．singingC．readingD．cughing13．A．himB．her C．us D．them14．A．hung utB．went awayC．shwed upD．sat dwn15．A．seriusB．cheerfulC．plite D．strange
【答案】1．A 2．D 3．C 4．D 5．A 6．A 7．B 8．D 9．B 10．C 11．C 12．A 13．B 14．D 15．B【导语】本文讲述了艾拉为了缓解奶奶的思乡之情，在朋友的帮助下给奶奶做了一床向日葵被子的故事。
1．句意：后来爸爸在阿拉斯加找到了一份工作，带着艾拉一起去了。Ella艾拉；Helen海伦；Grandma祖母；Laura劳拉。根据“Grandma thught Alaska wasn’t a gd place fr a child.”可知，爸爸想带着艾拉去，故选A。2．句意：她想让艾拉留下，但爸爸不同意。r或者；s因此；and和；but但是。空格前后是转折关系，故选D。3．句意：她无法想象没有奶奶的生活。avid避免；suggest建议；imagine想象；frget忘记。根据“Befre they mved here, Ella lived with Dad and Grandma in Kansas. ”可知，之前艾拉一直跟奶奶一起生活，所以她无法想象没有奶奶的生活，故选C。4．句意：艾拉从来没有这么兴奋过。hmewrk作业；sleep睡觉；truble问题；excitement兴奋。根据“Grandma, hwever, didn’t share Ella’s jy.”可知，她很兴奋，故选D。5．句意：她不喜欢寒冷，大部分时间都待在家里。mstly主要地；nce曾经；still仍然；seldm很少。根据“She didn’t like the cld”可知，不喜欢寒冷，所以大部分时间都待在家里，故选A。
（一）、利用文章首句信息解题
完形填空首先考查的就是考生对文章的理解能力。因此考生在做完形填空时，应把它作为一个意思连贯、结构完整的语篇，而不是单项选择。首句或前几句话都是完整的，为考生提供足够的信息去挖掘文章的思路，而且，这里往往包含主题句，它提供的信息是把握全文主旨的关键，可以帮助考生判断全文大意甚至全文主题。所以利用首句信息解题是处理完形填空中任何问题都必须遵循的步骤，掌握好了首句，有助于抓住文章主旨，因而我们才可以通过上下文确定文章所要前进的方向。
【示例】 It was a cld winter afternn befre Christmas. My parents and I sat n the bench in Unin Railway Statin in Washingtn D．C, waiting fr the ____1____. Inside the waiting hall were many peple.1．A．trainB．busC．plane D．car
【答案】A【解析】本篇完形填空的第一句话没有设题，是一个完整的句子。据此可知，本文主要讲述了圣诞节前的一个寒冷的下午，作者和我和父母坐在华盛顿的联合火车站的长椅上等车。train火车；bus公共汽车；plane飞机；car汽车。根据“Unin Railway Statin”可知此处应表示等火车，因此用“train”。故选A。
【示例】 During my secnd year at the city cllege, I was tld that the educatin department was ffering a “free” curse, called Thinking Chess, fr three credits（学分）... I managed t get an A in that __1__ and learned life lessns that have served me well beynd the 2 classrm．　1．A.game　　　　B．test C．curse D．experiment
【答案】C【解析】本篇完形填空的第一句话没有设题，是一个完整的句子。据此可知，作者是一个大学二年级的学生，听说教育系有一个“免费的”课程，可以得三个学分。文章的首句将作者身份、故事的背景、地点和主要内容完全交代出来。根据这些信息可知，下文应该是讲述作者积极参加这个课程，并受益良多的故事。game 游戏；test 测试；curse 课程；experiment 实验。故选curse“课程”。
（二）、利用上下文逻辑关系解题完形填空中的每一个空格并非孤立存在的，命题者必须通过上下文体现出某种线索来保证空格所填答案的唯一性，而这一线索即是上下文乃至贯穿全文的逻辑关系，若在解题时忽视这一点，则无异于只见树木，不见森林。文章的逻辑关系不外乎有列举、并列、因果、让步、对照、递进、目的、条件等，命题者往往借助于连词或介词短语来设置选项，因此在平时学习时就应该分清并牢记相关连词及介词短语所表示的逻辑关系。
【示例】When Billy lked thrugh bxes, walked thrugh papers ____48____ did sme cleaning, he fund all kinds f little treasures. He fund ld tys, many bks and funny pictures f his parents. The pictures were taken ____49____ they were yunger. Billy fund 48．A．rB．but C．s D．and
【答案】D【解析】句意：当比利翻箱倒柜，翻阅文件，打扫卫生时，他发现了各种各样的小宝贝。r或者；but但是；s因此；and并且。“翻阅文件，打扫卫生”是并列关系，用and即可。故填D。
【示例】On the day f the race, just befre the race, my father said t me, “Dn’t run ut f all yur energy (能量) at the ___65___ f the race. Yu need t have energy, ___66___ yu can run much faster at the end.” A．becauseB．s C．since D but
【答案】B【解析】句意：你需要有能量，这样才能在最后跑得更快。because因为；s所以；since既然；but但是。根据“yu can run much faster at the end”可知为前一句的结果，前后句为因果关系，故选B。
（三）、利用排比结构解题“排比结构”指的是结构相同或相似，意思密切关联，语法一致的句子或词组成串排列的语言现象。排比结构的形式整齐匀称，内容联系紧密。试题命制者常从排比结构的句式相同或相似这一角度，利用其表现意义的关联或对比这一特点来设空。
【示例】We were all tuched. Dad _____13_____ and sn returned with cups f ht chclate and a pizza. Mum and Dad went up t thse rags, “Excuse me...”13．A．went away B．tk away C．put away D．gave away
【答案】A【解析】句意：爸爸起身离开，很快拿着几杯巧克力热饮和一个披萨回来了。went away离开；tk away拿走；put away收起来；gave away赠送。根据后面的“and sn returned with…”可知此处应指离开去买吃的了，用“went away”。故选A。
（四）、利用词汇复现解题由于完形填空的文章是一个意义相关联的语篇，它往往要围绕一个话题论述，因此行文中词语的重复、替代或同现的现象是不可避免的，即某一词常常以原词、同义词或近义词以及其它形式重复出现在语篇之中。词汇复现的语用意义使得语篇中的句子相互衔接和连贯，从而构成一个完整和有机的意义整体。根据这一原则，某一个空格所对应的答案很可能就是在上下文中复现的相关词，考生可以这些词之间的有机联系来决定答案。
【示例】I started t lve running at a yung age. I lved t race my father and my sister arund ur big ___61___. I wished I culd run in the Olympics and win lts f ___63___ the next few days practicing fr my big race. My sister set up a table in the backyard s she culd ___64___ me water and time me.61．A．gardenB．playgrundC．huseD．backyard
【答案】D【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了喜欢奔跑的作者参加了一场跑赛，比赛过程中作者几欲放弃，但是在家人的鼓励下坚持跑完比赛并获得名次的经历。【解析】句意：我喜欢和我的爸爸、姐姐在我们的大院子周围赛跑。garden花园；playgrund操场；huse房子；backyard后院。根据下文“My sister set up a table in the backyard”可知应是围着后院跑，故选D。
【示例】While high schl des nt generally encurage students t explre new aspects f life，cllege sets the stage fr that explratin. I myself went thrugh this __41__ prcess and fund smething that has changed my 42.experience at cllege fr the better：I discvered ASL—American Sign Language(美式手语)．41．A.searching B．planning C．natural D．frmal
【答案】A【解析】根据上文中“While high schl des nt generally encurage students t explre new aspects f life”的关键词“explre”及下文的内容可知，此处指作者在大学通过学习美式手语经历了探索(searching)的过程。planning“计划制订”；natural“自然的”；frmal“正式的”，均不符合语境。　
（五）、利用对比结构解题对比结构常把两种对立的事物或同一事物的两个不同方面并列出来加以比较或对比。高考完形填空题常常利用句子之间的对比关系或者同一个句子的不同部分之间的对比关系设计题目。
【示例】 He had always been interested in medicine and had read a bk, which discussed the idea f hw bdy chemistry and health can be damaged by emtinal stress and negative __47__. The bk made Cusins think abut the pssible __48__ f psitive attitudes and emtins. 47. A. attitudes B. beliefs C. gals D. psitins48. A. shrtcmingB. harmC. benefit D. interest
【答案】A; C【解析】　这两题均考查根据上下文选择正确的名词。上句意为“……书中讨论到紧张的情绪和消极的态度都会损害人体组织和健康”，所以A选项为正确答案。紧接着上文，下句意为“这本书使Cusins考虑到，积极的态度和情感可能带来的益处”，所以选项C为正确答案。上句中的negative attitude, damaged等词与下句中的psitive attitude, benefit形成对照，是解题关键。
（六）、利用词汇差异解题词汇是完形填空的最大的考点,主要是对实义词的考查，如名词，形容词、动词，副词等。上海卷完形填空已经很少从语法结构分析或词汇的固定搭配角度来设置考点，测试要点主要是词意或用法辨析。解答此类题目时考生只需辨别意思即可，而对于同义或近义词，一定要结合上下文内容，根据句意做出判断。有时从单句看．似乎不止只有一个答案。必须结合上下文在含义和用法等多方面加以考虑才能做出选择。
【示例】…fr testing his new inventin—Umbrella Hat. He culd hardly wait t see whether it culd keep the rain ff. He carefully 　14　 the hat n his head and started walking…14．A.raised B．placed C．drpped D．repaired
【答案】B【解析】考查动词。由空后的“the hat n his head” 可知，他把雨伞帽戴到头上了。raise “举起；饲养”；place “放置”；drp “掉落”；repair“修理，修补”。故选B。
【示例】David had a brain disease which prevented him frm walking r running like ther children, but he always tried his best in whatever thers were ding. That was why ____18____ nne f the children thught it unusual fr him t jin the crss-cuntry team. 18．A．hardly B．nearly C．exactly D．prbably
【答案】B【导语】本文描述了一个身体有残疾，却意志坚强，积极向上的男孩大卫。他在比赛前担心被嘲笑而放弃比赛，作者鼓励他克服困难，积极面对，虽然他没有取得好名次，但是他的勇敢和信念让人感动。【解析】句意：这就是为什么几乎没有一个孩子认为他参加越野队是不寻常的。hardly几乎不；nearly几乎；exactly确切地；prbably可能。根据“but he always tried his best in whatever thers were ding. That was f the children thught it unusual fr him t jin the crss-cuntry team”可知他训练非常努力，所以几乎没有孩子认为他参加越野运动是不同寻常的。故选B。
（七）、利用作者情感态度来解题 第一遍通读时，应在掌握文章大意，弄清作者思路的基础上，着重寻找反映语境褒贬性的标志性词汇或句子，这些标志性词汇或句子往往对文章的语境褒贬性起着决定性的作用，因此，我们有时候可以根据作者对人物或事情的褒贬性来排除干扰做出正确的选择。
One day it happened, a small hle frmed in the ccn and the butterfly started t struggle (挣扎) t cme ut. At first the by was ____16____, but sn he became wrried. The butterfly was struggling s hard.16．A．shcked B．relaxed C．excited D．disappinted
【答案】C【解析】句意：起初男孩很兴奋，但很快他就开始担心了。shcked震惊的；relaxed轻松的；excited兴奋的；disappinted失望的。根据“started t struggle t cme ut”可知看到蝴蝶要挣扎着出来，小男孩应是兴奋的。故选C。
【示例】I figured whever lst the dg was prbably just as 59.clse t it as I am t my dgs，” says Ehlers. “If it had been my dg, I’d hpe that smebdy wuld be __16__ t g that extra mile.”16．A.suitable B．prud C．wise D．willing
【答案】D【解析】利用感情色彩分析解题。根据“I figured whever lst the dg was prbably just as clse t it as I am t my dgs”可知，Ehlers认为无论是谁丢失了狗，都很可能像他对待自己的狗一样亲近(be clse t)它，因此可知Ehlers认为，如果他的狗走丢了，他希望有人愿意(willing)不怕麻烦地去给予帮助。
（八）、依据常识，确定答案完形填空的文章内容往往与文化生活、史地知识、生活科技等相关，有些内容是我们已经掌握的生活常识。知识范围越广，越有利于文章的理解。因而答题时要充分调动相关知识帮助我们分析、推断，最终确定答案。
【示例】 “I will display three best inventins in my shp. I'm sure yu will have a(n) 　15　 f winning a prize.”15．A.chice B．chance C．excuse D．experience
【答案】B【解析】考查名词。由“winning a prize”和常识可知，得奖是需要机会的。故选B。
一、阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。Grandpa Charlie liked wearing his red hat and taking a walk with Grandsn Tyler. He enjyed 1 at peple n the street. Day by day, peple smiled and waved back when they saw the red hat. That day Grandpa Charlie had his red hat n and tk a walk with Tyler as usual. They met Henry wh was wearing a grey hat. He was quite sad. It seemed that 2 in the wrld culd cheer him up. “My dctr is making me take walks. I dn’t like it,” Henry 3 , pulling his scarf up ver his nse. “It shuld be autumn nw, 4 it feels like the dead f winter!”Suddenly, a wind came. Bth men’s hats flew twards a lake and Henry’s went 5 . Tyler ran dwn the hill, picked up Grandpa’s hat frm the grass and fished Henry’s ut f water. “It’s wet. Just 6 the hat!” Henry said hpelessly.
Tyler didn’t knw what t say. He gave the red hat t Grandpa, “Here it is. I’ve picked it up frm the grass.” Just at that time, he thught f hw every time peple waved at the 7 and came up with a plan. He asked Grandpa, “Henry desn’t want his grey hat because it’s wet. Can I give him 8 ?” Grandpa agreed. Henry tk the red hat and put it n. A car passed, and 9 , the peple inside waved at him. Anther tw cars passed and the peple inside waved. Henry felt strange. When the peple in the 10 car did the same, he waved back. After waving back several times, he smiled feeling every step easier. Tyler’s 11 turned ut t be a success. Anther day, they met Henry again n the street. “Gd evening. Want t take a 12 with me? ”Henry said. “What’s ging n? I thught yu hated it.” Tyler’s eyes lit up.
“Well, I 13 thught I culd be different. Thanks t the hat yu guys gave me, everything has changed.” Henry lked much 14 and the sadness nce cvering his face was nwhere t be fund. Later n Grandpa Charlie’s birthday, he received a red hat frm Henry, just like his ld ne. After that day, the tw men in the 15 hats waved t every car that passed, and the peple in every car waved back.
1．A．lkingB．wavingC．laughingD．pinting2．A．nthingB．smethingC．everythingD．anything3．A．rderedB．advisedC．warnedD．cmplained
4．A．unlessB．but C．s D．r5．A．acrssB．up C．in D．by6．A．try nB．tidy upC．take ffD．thrw away7．A．hatB．car C．scarf D．lake8．A．hisB．mine C．yurs D．theirs9．A．finallyB．surprisinglyC．luckilyD．generally10．A．firstB．secndC．third D．furth11．A．replyB．plan C．excuseD．agreement12．A．breakB．risk C．trip D．walk13．A．neverB．ften C．smetimesD．always14．A．happierB．braverC．angrierD．lnelier15．A．ldB．strangeC．magicalD．expensive
【答案】1．B 2．A 3．D 4．B 5．C 6．D 7．A 8．C 9．B 10．D 11．B 12．D 13．A 14．A 15．C【导语】本文讲述了爷爷查理和孙子泰勒去散步，在途中遇到因不喜欢散步而不开心的亨利，泰勒利用爷爷的红帽子帮助亨利变得开心起来，之后亨利喜欢了散步，并在爷爷查理的生日时送了一顶一模一样的红帽子给爷爷的故事。
1．句意：他喜欢向街上的人挥手。lking看；waving挥手；laughing嘲笑；pinting指出。根据下文“Day by day, peple smiled and waved back when they saw the red hat.”可知，人们挥手回应，因而爷爷应是向街上人挥手，故选B。 2．句意：似乎世界上没有什么能使他高兴起来。nthing没有什么；smething有些；everything每件事；anything任何事情。根据前文“He was quite sad.”可知，此处应是表达没有什么能让他高兴起来，故选A。3．句意：亨利一边抱怨，一边把围巾拉起来盖住鼻子。rdered命令，定制；advised建议；warned警告；cmplained抱怨。根据前文“My dctr is making me take walks. I dn’t like it,”可知，此处亨利应是抱怨，故选D。 4．句意：现在应该是秋天了，但感觉却像严冬时节！unless除非；but但是；s因此；r或者。根据“It shuld be autumn nw,…it feels like the dead f winter!”可知，两句构成转折关系，因而应用but表转折，故选B。5．句意：两个人的帽子都飞向一个湖，亨利的帽子掉了进去。
acrss横过，穿过；up向上；in在……里面；by通过。根据后文“fished Henry’s ut f water”可知，亨利的帽子应是掉进湖里了，故选C。6．句意：把帽子扔掉吧！try n尝试；tidy up整理；take ff脱下，起飞；thrw away扔掉。根据下文“Henry desn’t want his grey hat because it’s wet.”可知，此处应是表达因为帽子湿了亨利应让泰勒把帽子扔掉，故选D。7．句意：就在那个时候，他想到每次人们向帽子挥手的时候，他就想出了一个计划。hat帽子；car汽车；scarf围巾；lake湖。根据上文“Day by day, peple smiled and waved back when they saw the red hat.”可知，泰勒应是想起人们每次对着帽子挥手示意，故选A。 8．句意：我可以把你的给他吗？his他的；mine我的；yurs你（们）的；theirs他们的。根据“He asked Grandpa, ‘Henry desn’t want his grey hat because it’s wet. Can I give him…?’ Grandpa agreed.”可知，此处泰勒应是询问爷爷能不能把爷爷的帽子给亨利，此处是直接询问爷爷，因而应用yurs表示“你的”，故选C。9．句意：一辆汽车经过，令人惊讶的是，里面的人向他挥手。finally最终；surprisingly惊讶地；luckily幸运地；generally一般来说。根据“the peple inside waved at him.”可知，亨利戴上红帽子后，路过的车里的人向他挥手，这令他很吃惊，故选B。10．句意：当第四辆车里的人也这样做时，他也挥手示意。
first第一；secnd第二；third第三；furth第四。根据前文“A car passed, and…, the peple inside waved at him. Anther tw cars passed and the peple inside waved.”可知，前面已有三辆车向他挥手，因而此处应是到第四辆车时候，亨利给了回应，故选D。11．句意：泰勒的计划成功了。reply回复；plan计划；excuse借口；agreement同意。根据前文“Just at that time, he thught f hw every time peple waved at the…and came up with a plan.”可知，此处应是表达泰勒的计划成功了，故选B。12．句意：想和我一起散步吗？break间歇，停顿；risk冒险；trip旅行；walk散步。根据前文“My dctr is making me take walks. I dn’t like it”以及下文“‘What’s ging n? I thught yu hated it.’ Tyler’s eyes lit up.”可知，亨利原来不喜欢散步，现在他邀请泰勒一起散步，故选D。 13．句意：嗯，我从没想过自己会与众不同。never从不；ften经常；smetimes有时；always总是。根据后文“Thanks t the hat yu guys gave me, everything
has changed”可知，以前从没觉得自己会是与众不同，故选A。14．句意：亨利看起来快乐多了，曾经笼罩在他脸上的悲伤无处可寻。happier更高兴的；braver更勇敢的；angrier更生气的；lnelier更寂寞的。根据后文“the sadness nce cvering his face was nwhere t be fund.”可知，此处应是表达亨利变得更快乐了，故选A。15．句意：从那天起，戴着魔法帽子的两个人向每一辆经过的汽车挥手，每一辆汽车里的人也向他们挥手。ld老的；strange奇怪的；magical神奇的；expensive昂贵的。根据全文内容可知，人们会对红帽子挥手，红帽子让亨利变的更快乐，因而此处应是表达“神奇的”红帽子，故选C。