专题03 阅读理解文体之应用文（讲练）课件- 2024年中考英语二轮复习讲练测（浙江专用）

这是一份专题03 阅读理解文体之应用文（讲练）课件- 2024年中考英语二轮复习讲练测（浙江专用），共40页。PPT课件主要包含了考情分析，知识建构，真题研析，考点提炼，题型特训，PART ONE， ，题型特训·命题预测等内容，欢迎下载使用。

中考英语阅读应用文，往往涵盖人物、事件、时间、地点、数字等的考查。应用文的类型主要有：广告，规则、通知、咨询问答、注意事项等，指南，书评、问卷调查、告示、参观须知、申请书、个人简介等。中考英语中的应用文，命题特点显著，以搜寻直接信息为主，往往涵盖人物、事件、时间、地点、数字等的考查。因此，阅读时应重点掌握寻读策略，带着问题有针对性地到文中快速寻找答案。细节理解题主要考查对文章(或某一段落)中某特定事实信息的捕捉和理解能力，通常包括直接细节理解题和间接细节理解题。直接细节理解题在原文中可直接找到答案，常用wh， what，when，where，why和hw等提问。间接细节理解题需要通过有关词语和句子的转换，依靠主要事实、图表、图形来获取信息，然后利用因果、类比、时间、空间等关系进行加工或整理后方能得出结论，此类试题在中考试题中占大多数。抓住文章或段落中的事实和细节是做好该题型的关键，也是做好其他类型题的基础。
【应试技巧】 应用文的设问一般按照文章段落的顺序依次设置,设问内容一般以细节题为主,兼有询问出处和写作意图的题目。解答应用文，离不开下面方法。快速定位法：在试题中寻找题干关键的线索词,如名词、动词、形容词或副词等实义词,带着问题和它们去阅读短文,要标明其出处,为迅速、准确地选择正确的答案作好充分准备; 选项排除法：根据题干提供的信息，把一眼就能看出的干扰项排除，缩小选择范围，然后将剩余选项依据原文辨别真伪。数字计算法：对文章中提到的数据进行简单的加减乘除运算，以得出符合题目要求的数据。忠实于原文：该类题源于短文,在解题时要紧扣原文,在短文中找到相应出处,以此为中心展开进行答题。快速浏览法：回答文章出处和写作意图题时，要理解文章的主旨大意。一篇文章通常是围绕一个中心展开的,所以只有通过阅读掌握该短文的主旨大意,才能正确理解短文,进而根据短文的事实、细节推断作者的观点和写作意图。通过寻找短文的主题句，而主题句通常在段首(最常见)、段中、段尾，段道和段尾或隐含在段落中。解答主旨大意题时采用快速浏览法,即可找到主题句或主题线索。关注长难句：文章的长难句处常会设问题，必须学会拆分理解长难句。关注转折词：文中hwever, but, instead, rather等表达转折意义的逻辑词，这类词后常命题。关注同义替换：原句重复出现，一般都是干扰项，正确选项一般都是有改动的。
（2023·浙江温州·中考真题）
1．In 2022, hw much e-waste was prduced in the wrld?A．59.4 Mt.B．53.6 Mt.C．48.2 Mt.D．39.8 Mt.2．What did Alex Lm d with e-waste?A．He made medals.B．He created lanterns.C．He designed tys.D．He recycled cmputers.3．In which part f a website can we read the page?A．Fd.B．Health.C．Travel.D．Envirnment.
【答案】1．A 2．D 3．D【导语】本文主要介绍了电子垃圾问题很严重，并介绍了如何处理电子垃圾。1．细节理解题。根据图表内容可知，2022年共生产了5940万吨电子垃圾。故选A。2．细节理解题。根据“recycled abut 136 tns f brken cmputers”可知他回收了大约136吨坏电脑。故选D。3．推理判断题。本文主要介绍了电子垃圾问题很严重，并介绍了如何处理电子垃圾，故文章可能出现在环境版面。故选D。
（2023·浙江宁波·中考真题）Hw can I help yu?Dr. Knw will try her best t help with all yur prblems.
4．Hw des Adam prbably feel abut his situatin? A．Angry.B．Excited.C．Happy.D．Wrried.5．Which f the fllwing is Dr. Knw’s advice fr Adam? A．T see a lcal dctr.B．T leave all bks at schl. C．T take sme medicine.D．T stp using his cmputer.6．In which sectin f a newspaper may this passage appear? A．Science StudyB．Sprts News C．Teenagers’ Life D．Travel Stries
【答案】4．D 5．A 6．C 【导语】本文介绍了两封信的内容：一名学生Adam写给Dr. Knw的求助信，以及医生的回信。4．推理判断题。根据“I am a sixteen-year-ld student and I’ve been experiencing lts f back pain and headaches lately.”和“I’m just an rdinary student, but these health prblems are starting t wrry me.”可知Adam遇到了很多健康问题，可推知他是很担忧的。故选D。5．细节理解题。根据“I hpe my advice is helpful. Anyway, I strngly recmmend（推荐）yu visit a lcal dctr fr that.”可知Dr. Knw建议Adam去看当地的医生。故选A。6．推理判断题。本文介绍了两封信的内容：一名学生Adam写给Dr. Knw的求助信，以及医生的回信，应该可以在报纸上的“青少年的生活”板块看到这篇文章。故选C。
（2023·浙江金华·中考真题）Nwadays, many wild animals arund the wrld are in danger. Sme kinds f them are dying ut at an alarming rate (以惊人的速度). Between 150 and 200 species (物种) disappear every day. T make us aware f the serius prblem and help save the animals in danger befre it’s t late, ur English teacher shared tw psters with us.
7．The English teacher shared tw psters with his students t ________.A．recrd the animals’ pr lifeB．ask questins abut animalsC．intrduce tw lvely animalsD．help prtect animals in danger8．Why des the mther kala bear hld the tree tightly (紧紧地) n the left pster?A．Because she carries a baby n the back.B．Because she needs t lk fr fd.C．Because she desn’t want t lse hme.D．Because she is afraid f falling dwn.9．Which f the fllwing is TRUE accrding t the text?A．Abut 20 species disappear every day.B．Stpping buying helps save elephants.C．Trees are being cut dwn t build huses.D．Elephants are killed nly fr meat and skin.
【答案】7．D 8．C 9．B 【导语】本文主要介绍为了帮助拯救处于危险中的动物，我们的英语老师与我们分享了两张海报。7．细节理解题。根据“T make us aware f the serius prblem and help save the animals in danger befre it’s t late, ur English teacher shared tw psters with us.”可知为了让我们意识到这个严重的问题，并在为时已晚之前帮助拯救处于危险中的动物，我们的英语老师与我们分享了两张海报。故选D。8．推理判断题。根据“billins f trees are being cut dwn every year t make paper fr humans. In this way, a lt f animals’ hmes are being destryed”可知每年有数十亿棵树被砍伐来为人类造纸，许多动物的家园被摧毁了，由此可推知树袋熊妈妈不想失去她的家园，所以她紧紧地抓着树。故选C。9．细节理解题。根据“Only when we stp buying elephant prducts can we stp the killing and save them”可知只有当我们停止购买大象产品时，我们才能停止杀戮并拯救它们。故选B。
6．What will the campers d in the camp?a. Make a campfire.b. G hiking.c. Make cards.d. Ding science activitiese. Sing sngs with thers.A．b c d eB．a b c dC．a b d eD．a c d e【答案】6．A【导语】本文是一个度假营的招生广告。文章详细介绍了度假营的价格和活动等。6．直接细节理解题。根据图表中“Ding sprts such as ging hiking,”、“such as making cards”、“Singing sngs arund the campfire” 以及“Ding fun nature-based science activities.”可知，露营者可以去远足、制作卡片、做一些有趣的基于自然的科学活动以及围着篝火唱歌。故选A。
13．What is the right rder f the fllwing things accrding t their imprtance?A．A best friend > Car > A strng relatinship > CffeeB．Televisin > Daily shwer > Central heating > GlassesC．Tea > Internet cnnectin > A best friend > TelevisinD．Internet cnnectin > Cffee > Daily shwer > Central heating【答案】13．B【导语】本文主要介绍了人们在不同的年龄段中，认为生活中不可或缺的东西。13．细节排序理解题。根据“The tp ten”的排名可知，电视排第二，每天洗澡排第四，集中供热排第五，玻璃排第九，选项B符合。故选B。
18．Where is the passage prbably frm?A．A rbt magazine.B．A sprts newspaper.C．A travel website.D．The lst and fund case.【答案】 18．C【导语】本文主要介绍了卡通博物馆和蝴蝶农场的相关信息。18．文章出处推理判断题。本文主要介绍了卡通博物馆和蝴蝶农场的相关信息，所以可能在旅行网站上看到。故选C。
21．What d the underlined wrds “Original inventins” refer t?A．The inventins that are special.B．The inventins that are big enugh.C．The inventins that are made by hand.D．The inventins that haven’t been invented befre.【答案】 21．D【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章讲了发明竞赛，详细地介绍了时间、参与方式和规则等。词句猜测推理题。根据“Rules”下面的“Original inventins nly! Dn’t cpy inventins that are already used.”可知，仅限原创发明，不要模仿已经使用过的发明，所以划线部分“Original inventins”的含义是“原创发明”，所以D项符合。故选D。
Hey there, science-lving students! Dn’t frget that tday is the 7th annual Natinal Science Reading Day!This September 20, kids frm ages 3 t 17 are invited t spend ne perid f the day reading abut science. These readings can be dne either individually (个人的) r as a whle classrm. And students can read abut
science in many different ways. Yu can read:•a nn-fictin bk •a science-fictin nvel•a scientist’s bigraphy •a science magazineHw t enterEntering is simple! First, spend ne perid reading abut science. Then visit ur cntest site: wlkids.cm/sciencereadingday! On the site, yu’ll be asked t enter infrmatin abut either yurself r yur classrm. Then share either yur reading list r phts f yur reading. And yu’re dne!Great prizesIn ttal, there are abut $2,500 wrth f prizes t be wn. These include:•Five individual prize packs f bks and magazines wrth $150•Five classrm prize packs f bks and magazines wrth $350Sunds great! S get ut there and enjy reading abut science. We can’t wait t see yur entries!
1．Wh is invited t jin in the cntest?A．A teacher aged 30.B．My 2-year-ld sister.C．A grup f five university students.D．Class 3 frm a middle schl.2．What is the crrect rder t enter the cntest? a. Visit the cntest site.b. Spend ne perid reading abut science. c. Enter persnal r classrm infrmatin.d. Share the reading list r phts f reading.A．a-b-c-dB．a-d-c-bC．b-a-c-dD．b-c-a-d3．What is the text?A．A diary.B．An ad.C．A news reprt.D．A bk review.
【答案】1．D 2．C 3．B【导语】本文是一则广告，介绍了第七届全国科学阅读日竞赛的参赛内容、规则及奖金等。1．细节理解题。根据“This September 20, kids frm ages 3 t 17 are invited t spend ne perid f the day reading abut science. These readings can be dne either individually (个人的) r as a whle classrm.”可知，3到17岁的孩子可以参加比赛，可以是个人也可全班参与。故选D。2．细节理解题。根据“First, spend ne perid reading abut science. Then visit ur cntest site: wlkids.cm/sciencereadingday!”及“On the site, yu’ll be asked t enter infrmatin abut either yurself r yur classrm. Then share either yur reading list r phts f yur reading.”可知，你需要花一段时间阅读科学知识——访问阅读网站——键入个人或班级信息——分享阅读清单或阅读照片。故选C。3．推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文是一则号召大家参与阅读竞赛的广告。故选B。
4．What can children d in the Zkeeper fr a Day prgramme?A．Learn t take phts.B．Play games with zkeepers.C．Feed animals in the z.D．Design T-shirts at the gift stre.5．Which advice shuld visitrs fllw if they want t jin the prgramme?A．They shuld arrive at the z by 8:50 am.B．They shuld be at least eighteen years ld.C．They shuld make a phne call t bk tickets.D．They shuld bring their lunch and water bttles.6．On which website can we prbably see this passage?A．．．．
【答案】4．C 5．A 6．B【导语】本文是一篇应用文。主要讲述了在悉尼动物园有个活动可以让小朋友当一日动物管理员。4．细节理解题。根据“Take phts with animals.”可知，给动物们拍照，不是学习拍照，排除A；根据“Meet and talk with zkeepers.”可知，和动物管理员见面并交谈，不是和他们玩游戏，排除B；根据“Get a free T-shirt at the gift stre.”可知，当一日动物管理员可以在商店免费获得一件体恤，而不是在商店设计T恤，排除D；根据“Prepare meals and help take care f animals.”可知，作为一日动物管理员，是需要为动物们准备餐食以及帮忙照顾动物。故选C。5． 细节理解题。根据“Children must be aged between 11-15, with an adult at least 18 years ld.”可知，小孩子必须在11-15岁之间，且有一名18岁以上的成年人陪同，排除B；根据“Any changes t yur bking must be made at least 7 days befre yur visit date. Please call us at (02)7202 2560.”可知，是对于自己的预定信息有变更的才需要打电话，并不是打电话预定行程，排除C；根据“Lunch is prvided. But remember t take a water bttle and wear cmfrtable clthes.”可知，午饭是包含在内的，但是要记得带瓶水以及穿舒适的衣服，排除D；根据“The prgramme starts at 9：00 a. m. Make sure t arrive at least 10 minutes befre it begins.”可知，活动在九点开始，需要至少提前十分钟到达。故选A。6．推理判断题。根据全文可知，这是关于小朋友可以在动物园里当一日管理员的活动，和自然先关。故选B。
7．If yu want t invite yur classmates t g t the museum tday, which museums in the fllwing can yu chse frm?A．the Pstal Museum and the Air and Space MuseumB．The Science Museum and the Building MuseumC．The Air and Space Museum and the Science MuseumD．The Building Museum and the Pstal Museum8．If yu are interested in the science fictin and advanced technlgy, yu can phne __________.A．965-0400B．654-0930C．357-3030D．272-05609．In the Building Museum, yu can __________.A．build huses with bricks (砖块)B．explre the buildings in a future cityC．make a paper mdel f a buildingD．g n a trip t visit sme famus buildings
【答案】7．D 8．C 9．D【导语】本文主要讲了关于博物馆近期开展的四项活动，列举了每项的举办时间及宣传语。7．细节理解题。根据图表第一栏“The Pstal Museum, Age: 10-15”10岁—15岁的孩子，可以参观邮政博物馆；再根据图表第四栏的“The Building Museum, Age: 13-16”可知13—16岁的孩子可以参观建筑博物馆。可知，如果你想要今天邀请你的同学去博物馆，你可以选择邮政博物馆和建筑博物馆。故选D。8．细节理解题。根据图表第三栏“Yu can experience vide arts and cmputer technlgy, play VR games t explre a future city, and ask the rbts questins abut science. It will be wnderfull Have fun! Tel: 357-3030”你能体验视频艺术和电脑技术，玩VR游戏探索一个将来世界，并且可以问机器人有关科学的问题，可知如果你对科幻和先进技术感兴趣的话，你可以打357-3030。故选C。9．细节理解题。根据图表第四栏“Yu can als g n field trips t sme famus buildings, and build small huses with sft blcks.”你也能实地去一些有名的建筑物旅行，用软的砖块建筑小房子。可知，在建筑物博物馆，你可以实地到一些有名的建筑物旅行。故选D。