还剩9页未读，
继续阅读
高考英语 考点知识专讲专练（有答案）考点33 it的用法
展开
这是一份高考英语 考点知识专讲专练（有答案）考点33 it的用法，共12页。试卷主要包含了非人称代词it等内容，欢迎下载使用。
考向一 it作人称代词
1.用来指代前文中提到的东西。既可指代具体的东西，也可指代一种情况。请看下面的例子
1）I hear yu bught a new bike, can yu shw it t me？
2）If I can stp her cming t yu, I shall d it.
3）—I want t stay here fr a night.
—Yur wife wn’t like it
此时要注意与其他代词如that, ne, thse, this, anther等的区别：
1.I hear yu bught a new bike, I want t buy _______ , t.此处应填ne，因为这里我并不是要买你的车，而是一辆新车，ne ＝a new bike。
2.I have bught a new bike, but I still want t buy _______ .此处应填anther。我已有了一辆，再买另一辆。anther ＝anther new bike。
3.We see him when we cme t twn, but _______ isn’t ften.此处填that或it均可。指代前面我们去城里时可以看到他这一情况。
4.My seat is next t _______ f the headmaster.此处应填that，用来代替名词seat，that＝the seat。
5.The bikes made this year are better than _______ made last years.此处应填thse或the nes。代替前文的bikes，因其是复数概念，故用thse或the nes，thse ／the nes＝the bikes。
2.也可以指动物
Is this yur dg？N, it isn’t.
3用来指代人。
说明某人的身份或者做某事的人；指代婴儿或儿童；在不清楚某人性别时，也可使用 it，尤其在问答的形式中更为常见。例如：
—Wh is it? —It’s me.
Wh is it there? It’s I ().
I thught it was Mary, but it was nt she.
Her face lighted when she saw wh it was.
1.（2018·新课标卷I·语法填空）If yu are time pr, yu need run fr nly half the time t get the same benefits as ther sprts, s perhaps we shuld all give___70___a try.
【答案】it \running
【解析】考查代词或名词的用法。我们都应该试试跑步。此处give it a try意为：试试。此处it可以指running。故填it或running。
2.—Wh’s that at the dr?
—__________ is the milkman.
A. He B. It C. This D. That
【答案】B
【解析】考查代词的用法。句意：——谁在门外？——是送牛奶的。因为不知道门外的是什么人。故用it指代不清楚的人。故选B。
3.If I can help_______, I dn’t like wrking late int the night.
A. s B. that C. it D. them
【答案】C
【解析】if I can help it意为 ＂如果我有办法＂, 表示有办法做某事, 或有办法控制某个局面。所提供的情景I dn’t like wrking late int the night说明如果有办法, 不喜欢工作到深夜。s意为 ＂这样＂, 常用于省略句中, 代替上文中的动作。that用于代替上文的内容。
考向二 非人称代词it
it有时并不指具体的东西，而泛指天气、时间、日期、距离、价值、度量、温度、环境等，称为非人称的it：
1.指天气：
It is a lvely day, isn’t it?
It is a bit windy.
2.指时间: It was nearly midnight when she came back.
3.指环境: It was very quiet in the café.
4.指距离：It is half an hur’s walk t the city centre.
5指日期：
What’s the date tday? It’s the eleventh, Octber.
6指季节：It is summer nw.
7指度量：It is abut 20 pund/kg
8.指价值：
--- What’s the cst f the dictinary?
---It is sixty-three.
9指温度It’s 35 centigrade nw. S I feel ht.
—He gt his first bk published. It turned ut t be a bestseller.
—When was _____?
—_____ was in 2000 when he was still in cllege.
A. that; This B. this; It C. it; This D. that; It
【答案】D
【解析】句意： ＂他的第一本书出版了, 并且成了一本畅销书。＂ ＂那是什么时候？＂ ＂那是在2000年他还在上大学的时候。＂指代上文中提到的事情用that; it可以指时间、天气、距离等概念。
考向二 作形式主语，替代不定式、ing形式或主语从句
（一） 作形式主语替代主语从句
1.①It is clear ( bvius， true， pssible， ) that ...该句型中it 是形式主语，真正的主语是that 引导的主语从句，常译为＂清楚（显然，真的，肯定……）＂ 是主语从句最常见的一种结构。
It is very clear that he’s rund and tall like a tree. = That he’s rund and tall like a tree is very clear.
② It is imprtant ( necessary， right， strange， natural...) that ... 该句型和上一个同属一个句型；由于主句中的形容词不同，that 后的从句中要用虚拟语气（shuld + 动词原形），shuld 可以省去，建议记住该句型中的形容词。
It is imprtant that we (shuld) learn English well.
It is necessary that he (shuld) remember these wrds.
2.① It is said (reprted/ ) that ... 该句型中的it 仍是形式主语，真正主语是that 引导的主语从句；该结构常译为＂据说（据报道，据悉……）＂。
It is said that he has cme t Beijing.
It is reprted that anther earth satellite has been put int rbit.
该句型常可以转换成含有宾语从句的复合句或者含有不定式作主补的简单句。例如：
It’s said that Tm has cme back frm abrad.→Peple say that Tm has cme back frm abrad.→He is said t have cme back frm abrad.
It is suggested ( rdered /demanded/insisted/cmmanded... ) that ... 该句型和上一个同属一个句型，主句中的过去分词是表示请求，建议，命令等词时，that 后的从句要用虚拟语气（shuld + 动词原形），shuld 可以省；常译为＂据建议；有命令…….）
It is suggested that the meeting ( shuld ) be put ff.
It was rdered that we ( shuld ) arrive there in tw hurs.
3.It is a pity ( a shame /an hnur/a gd thing/a fact,/a surprise/... ) that ... 该句型中，that后的从句一般用虚拟语气（shuld + 动词原形），shuld可省去.表示出乎意料，常译为＂竟然＂。没有这种意义时，则不用虚拟语气。
It is a pity that such a thing ( shuld ) happen in yur class. 这种事竟然发生在你们班上，真是遗憾！
It is a pity that he is ill. 他生病了，真遗憾！
4. It happens (seems， lks， appears ) that... 该句型中it是形式主语，that 引导的是主语从句，主句中的happen ， seem等词是不及物动词。
It happened ( s happened ) that he met his teacher in the street. 碰巧……
It seems that he enjys pp sngs very much.看来他非常喜欢流行歌曲。
该句型可转换成含不定式的简单句。如上述两句可分别转换为：
He happened t meet his teacher in the street.
He seems t enjy pp sngs very much.
5.it代替连接代词或连接副词引导的从句作形式主语
（1）It is knwn（nt decided，nt made clear，fund ut，discussed，being discussed，being cnsidered，a questin，uncertain等）＋连接代词或连接副词引导的从句。
It is still a questin when we shall have ur sprts meet.
我们将什么时候举行运动会还是一个问题。
It is uncertain whether he can attend this cnference r nt.
他能否来开会还不能确定。
（2）It desn’t matter（It’s n wnder；It desn’t make t much difference等）＋连接代词或连接副词引导的从句。
It desn’t matter whether we g tgether r separately.我们一起去还是分开去都可以。
It is n wnder why he came here t late.他为什么来这么晚不足为怪
(二)作形式主语替代不定式。常见的句型有：
1. ①. It is kind ( f sb. ) t d sth. 该句型中的不定式短语是真正主语，如果不定式的逻辑主语是由 f引起，主句中的形容词必须是能表示逻辑主语特征的形容词。 常见的有： bad, brave , careless, clever, cruel, flish, gd （好心的）, hnest , hrrible, kind , lazy, mdest, naughty, nice（有教养的）, plite， rude, silly, stupid , wise, wrng（错误的）等。 这个句型可以改写为：sb. is kind t d sth. 。
It is kind f yu t say s. = Yu are kind t say s.
②It is necessary ( fr sb. ) t d sth. 该句型与上一个同属一个句型，如果不定式的逻辑主语是由fr引起，主句中的形容词通常是表示重要性，紧迫性，频繁程度，难易，安全等情况的形容词。 常见的形容词有：① imprtant， necessary， natural ② easy， safe， cmmn， nrmal， hard， difficult， dangerus， unusual， rare， impssible， pleasant等。 =在①中的形容词作表语可以用从句改写， 如： It is imprtant fr her t cme t the party. = It is imprtant that she (shuld ) cme t the party.
2.It takes sb. ... t d sth. 该句型中的不定式是真正的主语，it是形式主语，句型中的直接宾语是时间，常译为＂做……要花费某人……＂。
It tk thusands f peple many years t build the Great Wall.
(三) 作形式主语替代ing形式
It is n gd / n use/useless ding sth. 该句型中的真正主语是动名词短语。
It is n gd learning English withut speaking English.
It’s useless trying t argue with Shylck.
考向四 作形式宾语，代替不定式、ing形式、宾语从句。
1. We think it imprtant t learn a freign language. 该句型中的it 作形式宾语，为了记忆方便我们可称该句型为＂6123结构＂。 6指主句中常用的动词：think, believe, make, find, cnsider, feel； 1指的是形式宾语it；2指的是宾补的两种形式：形容词或名词； 3指的是真正宾语的三种形式：不定式短语，动名词短语或that等引导的宾语从句。
We think it ur duty t clean ur classrm every day.
They fund it difficult that they wuld finish their wrk in tw days.
The prfessr thinks it n gd reading withut understanding.
The Internet makes it easier fr cmpanies t keep in tuch with custmers.
1.（2019·新课标III卷·语法填空）On ur way t the huse，it was raining ___s__ hard that we culdn't help wndering hw lng it wuld take ___62___ (get)there.
【答案】t get
【解析】句意：我们忍不住想知道还要多久才能到那里。该句中考查了固定用法：It takes time t d sth.：花时间做某事，该句式中it作形式主语，time做宾语，使用不定式作真正的主语。而句中只是在对宾语时间，用hw lng 对其进行提问，不影响不定式的使用，故答案为t get。
【名师点睛】此题看似考查非谓语动词，实际也是考查it作形式主语。
2.Susan made______ clear t me that she wished t make a new life fr herself.
A. that B. this C. it D. her
【答案】C
【解析】这是一个宾语从句，make的宾语是that引导的句子，在本句中用it做形式宾语代指that引导的宾语从句。句意为：Susan向我表明她希望能过上新的生活。故答案选C。
3. As the busiest wman in Nrtn, she made_________ her duty t lk after all the ther peple’s affairs in that twn.
A. this B. that C.ne D.it
【答案】D
【解析】it作形式宾语, t lk after all the ther peple’s affairs in that twn作真正的宾语。不定式短语作宾语时, 需移置宾语补语之后, 在原来宾语的位置上用引导词it作形式宾语, 构成 ＂make + it + 形容词或名词+不定式短语＂结构, 从而使句子保持平衡。
2. 在like, dislike, hate, lve, take, appreciate, depend n, see t(处理)，insist n，help等动词后，形式宾语it后可直接跟宾语从句。此时，it表模糊概念，指代后面所叙述的内容。
Yu may depend n it that I shall always supprt yu.
I hate it when peple laugh at the disabled.
I will appreciate it if yu can help me with my English.
1.I’d appreciate ________ if yu culd let me knw in advance whether r nt yu will cme.
A. it B. yu C. ne D. this
【答案】A
【解析】考查代词辨析及语境理解。appreciate后跟接if或when从句时，其后不直接跟if或when引导的从句，若语义上需要接这类从句，需借助it。故选A。
2.Hw wuld yu like if yu were watching yur favrite TV prgram and smene came int the rm and just shut it ff withut asking yu?
A. them B. ne C. thse D. it
【答案】D
【解析】句意：当你正在看一个你喜欢的节目时，突然有个人进来，一声不吭地关掉电视，你会怎么想？It作形式宾语，指代If后面的句子。该句涉及到了一个疑问句，一个条件状语从句（if）和两个并列句(and)。这当时应该先把它转化为陈述句yu wuld like______分析句子结构知道like之后缺少一个宾语，需要一个宾格代词充当，所以答案选it。
考向五it的重要句型
1.强调句
① It is/was + 被强调部分 + that/wh ... 该句型是强调句型。将被强调的部分放在前面，其它部分置于that之后，被强调部分可以是主语，宾语，表语或状语，强调的主语如果是人，that可以由wh换用。如果把这种句型结构划掉后，应该是一个完整无缺的句子；这也是判断强调句型与其它从句的方法。
It was abut 600 years ag that the first clck with a face and an hur hand was made.
It was they that (wh ) cleaned the classrm yesterday. It was in the street that I met her father.
It was yesterday that I met her in the street.
It is yu that /wh are wrng.
I think it was Jack said this.(其中省略了wh 或that)
What is it yu want me t d?(it 后省略了that)
It is nt until + 被强调部分 + that ... 该句型也是强调句型。主要用于强凋时间状语，译成汉语＂直到……才……＂，可以说是 nt ... until ... 的强调形式。
It was nt until she tk ff her dark glasses that I realized she was a famus film star. = Nt until she tk ff her dark glasses did I realize she was a famus film star. = I didn’t realize she was a famus film star until she tk ff her dark glasses.
强调句型的两种变形形式：
一般疑问句形式：Is/ Was it … that…?
特殊疑问句形式：Wh/ Whm /When/ When 等 + is/ was it that …?
1)Was it in 1979 ______ the American astrnaut succeeded ______ landing n the mn?
A. when; n B. that; n C. when; in D. that; in (Key: D)
2）Was ______ that I saw last night at the cncert?
A. it yu B. nt yu C. yu D. that yurself (Key: A)
3）Wh was it that yu met in the street yesterday? 昨天你在街上遇到的是谁？
Where was it that yu met Jack yesterday? 你昨天是在哪里遇到杰克的？
I dn’t mind her criticizing me, butis hw she des it that I bject t.
A. itB. thatC. thisD. which
【答案】A
【解析】It is+被强调部分+that+其他, 强调句可去掉it is与that还原句子。本句相当于..., but I bject t hw she des it。被强调部分是宾语从句, 因此, 用it引导该句式。
2.It ＋be的适当形式＋时间＋ when-clause
这个句型中，it指时间，而且表示时间的词语前没有介词（时间一般为具体时间）。主句中的谓语动词和从句中的谓语动词在时态上一般是一致的，主句是will be，when从句用一般现在时代替一般将来时。常译为＂当……的时候，是……＂例如：
It was already 8’clck when we gt hme.
It will be midnight when they get there.
It was five ’clck in the afternn _____ they climbed up t the tp f the muntain.
It was at five ’clck in the afternn _____ they climbed up t the tp f the muntain.
A. since B. when C. that D. until
3.It ＋is/has been＋一段时间＋ since-clause
这个句型表示从since从句谓语动作发生以后到现在或过去所经过的一段时间，意为＂自从……以来已多久了＂since 从句后用一般过去时，例如：
It is／has been three years since his father passed away.他父亲去逝已经有三年了。
It is/has been fifteen years since she left Shanghai.她离开上海已经15年了
4. ①It is time ( abut time ，high time ) that ... 该句型中that 后的从句应该用虚拟语气，常用一般过去时态表示虚拟.
It is time that children went t bed.
It is time yu bught a new car.
It is (high ) time yu made up yur mind.
②It is the first ( secnd ... ) time that ... 该句型要和上一个句型区别开来，该句型中的 that 从句不用虚拟语气，而用完成时态，。至于用什么完成时态，由主句的谓语动词的时态决定。如果是一般现在时，后面从句用现在完成时态；如果是一般过去时，后面从句则用过去完成时态，该结构中 that 可以省去；it有时用 this 替换.常译为＂是第一（二）……次……＂。
It is the first time I have been here. = This is the first time I have been here.
It was the fifth time（that）I had paid a friendly visit t Africa.
5.It ＋be的适当形式＋一段时间＋befre-clause
这个句型中的时间一般为表示一段时间的词语（如：lng，years，mnths，weeks，days ， hurs，minutes），主句中的谓语动词用肯定式，意为＂过多长时间才……＂。主句的谓语动词是否定式时，意为＂没过多长时间就……＂。主句的时态可用过去时was或将来时 will be；用was时，befre从句的动词用一般过去时；用will be时，befre从句常用一般现在时。例如：
It was nt lng befre she learned thse pems by heart .她没过多久就背会了那些诗歌。
It was lng befre the plice arrived.过了很久警察才来。
It will be hurs befre he makes a decisin.要过好几个小时他才会作出决定。
It will nt be hurs befre we meet again.要不了几个小时我们还会再见面的。
6. It lks ( seems ) as if ... 该句型中it无意义， as if 引导一个状语从句。常译为＂看起来好象……＂如果与事实不相符合，则用虚拟语气。
It lks as if he is ill.（真的病了）
It lks as if he were ill. （没有生病）
It seemed as if he were dying.
I．单项填空
1.Yung peple shuld be independent, and dn't take _________fr granted that yu can depend n yur parents when in truble.
A.neB.itC. thisD. that
2.He didn't make _________clear when and where the sprts meet wuld be held.
A. thisB.itC. thatD.ne
3.They dislike _________when peple d nt lk at the name cards, s remember nt t just put them in yur pcket withut lking.
A. thatB. themC.itD. yu
4.We find ______easy t get alng with ur new teachers here.
A. thatB.itC. thisD.不填
5.Almst 90% f the mst ppular vide games cntain vilence, and much f ______ is extremely vilent.
A. whichB.itC. themD. thse
6.Almst 90% f the mst ppular vide games cntain vilence, and much f ______ is extremely vilent.
A. whichB.itC. themD. thse
7.The pp singer is talented and elegant. ____ is n surprise that she has s many fans arund the wrld.
A. ItB. ThereC. ThatD. What
8.We all cnsider _________significant that we shuld cancel the rder immediately.
A. hwB. whichC. thisD.it
9. _________is required that every emplyee here be able t use a cmputer and speak gd English.
A. WhichB. WhatC.AsD. It
10.—The weather turns ut t be fine.
— We can depend n _________ that the gds will be shipped t the flded area n time.
A.itB./C. thisD. which
II．短文改错
While I was deciding what fd t buy in a stre, a yung man wrked there asked me hw I was ding. As usual, I tld truth. He said, "I’ll be right back." I thught he was anther persn wh thught I talked t many, and plitely excuse himself. I was heading ut while he came back and handed t me a beautiful bunch f flwers. Tied t him was a nte saying "Have a Happy New Year". The act f this yung man almst mved me t tear. It had been an extreme difficult day. My heart was hurt and an angel came t treat me fr kindness.
1.B
【解析】考查代词。句意为：年轻人应该独立，不能把遇到困难就依靠父母当作理所当然的事情。take it fr granted that…是固定句型，表示“认为……理所当然”。
2.B
【解析】考查it的用法。句意：他没有弄清楚运动会将于何时何地举行。A.this代指下文的情况；B.it形式主语或形式宾语，代指句中真正主语或宾语；C.that代指上文的情况；D.ne代指上文的可数名词单数。句中it为形式宾语，clear是宾补，真正宾语是when and where the sprts meet wuld be held，故选B。
3.C
【解析】考查代词。因“主语+ dislike （或like ,prefer, appreciate, hate. Lve…）+ it + when/if从句”是固定句型， it 在句中无实义。本句的意思是“当人们不看名片的时候他们不喜欢，所以记住不要不看就把他们放进你的口袋里。”故选C。
4.B
【解析】考查代词it的用法。句意：我们发现与我们这里的新老师相处很容易。此处it作形式宾语,而真正的宾语为后面的不定式结构t get alng with ur new teachers here。故选B。
5.B
【解析】考查代词。句意：90%最流行的视频游戏都包含暴力，其中很多是极其暴力的。it指代不可数名词vilence。
6.B
【解析】考查代词。句意：几乎90%的流行的视频游戏都包含暴力，很多是非常暴力的。用much说明f后面的代词指代不可数名词vilence，用it代替，which引导非限制性定语从句，这句话有and，不是定语从句，them和thse指代复数名词。故选B。
7.A
【解析】考查it的用法。句意：这个流行歌手非常有才，非常优雅。她在全世界有如此多的歌迷一点也不令人惊奇。it是形式主语，代指真正的主语从句“that she has s many fans arund the wrld”。
8.D
【解析】句意：我们认为立刻取消这个订单是十分重要的。题干属于"cnsider+it+形容词/名词+不定式短语/that…"结构，此处应用it作形式宾语,真正的宾语是that引导的从句。
9.D
【解析】句意：这里的每位员工都被要求能熟练操作电脑,会说流利的英语。题干属于"It is+过去分词+that…"句型，故用It， It是形式主语，真正的主语是后面that引导的从句。
10.A
【解析】考查代词。句意：——天气放晴了。
——我们可以相信货物将按时运往灾区。根据语境可知，此处缺少depend n的形式宾语，真正的宾语为that从句。故选A。
II．短文改错
【答案】
While I was deciding what fd t buy in a stre, a yung man there asked me hw I was ding. As usual, I tld truth. He said, "I’ll be right back." I thught he was anther persn wh thught I talked t , and plitely himself. I was heading ut he came back and handed t me a beautiful bunch f flwers. Tied t was a nte saying "Have a Happy New Year". The act f this yung man almst mved me t . It had been an difficult day. My heart was hurt and an angel came t treat me kindness.
【解析】
第一处：wrked→wrking。考查非谓语动词。根据语境并分析句子结构可知，句子的谓语动词为asked，而wrk与其逻辑主语a yung man之间为主谓关系，故应用其现在分词形式wrking作后置定语。
第二处：truth前加the。考查冠词。tell the truth"说实话"为固定短语。
第三处：many→much。考查副词。此处应用副词much修饰动词talked。
第四处：excuse→excused。考查时态。此处表示"我以为他是又一个觉得我话太多的人，于是礼貌地请求离开"。根据语境及从句中的"and"可知，此处应是excused与上文的was并列作从句的谓语动词，主语均为he，故应用一般过去时。
第五处：while→when。考查连词。此处表示"我正要出去，这时他回来了并递给我一束(扎得)漂亮的花"。be ding ... when...为固定句型，表示"正在做……，这时……"。
第六处：删除handed后的t。考查介词。hand sb. sth.为固定结构，表示"交给某人某物"。
第七处：him→it。考查代词。根据语境可知，此处是指一张便条被系在这束花上，故应用代词it指代a beautiful bunch f flwers。
第八处：tear→tears。考查名词复数。mve sb. t tears"使某人感动得落泪"为固定搭配。
第九处：extreme→extremely。考查副词。此处应用副词extremely"非常，极其"来修饰形容词difficult。
第十处：fr→with。考查介词。treat sb. with sth."以……态度/方式对待……"为固定搭配。
考向一 it作人称代词
1.用来指代前文中提到的东西。既可指代具体的东西，也可指代一种情况。请看下面的例子
1）I hear yu bught a new bike, can yu shw it t me？
2）If I can stp her cming t yu, I shall d it.
3）—I want t stay here fr a night.
—Yur wife wn’t like it
此时要注意与其他代词如that, ne, thse, this, anther等的区别：
1.I hear yu bught a new bike, I want t buy _______ , t.此处应填ne，因为这里我并不是要买你的车，而是一辆新车，ne ＝a new bike。
2.I have bught a new bike, but I still want t buy _______ .此处应填anther。我已有了一辆，再买另一辆。anther ＝anther new bike。
3.We see him when we cme t twn, but _______ isn’t ften.此处填that或it均可。指代前面我们去城里时可以看到他这一情况。
4.My seat is next t _______ f the headmaster.此处应填that，用来代替名词seat，that＝the seat。
5.The bikes made this year are better than _______ made last years.此处应填thse或the nes。代替前文的bikes，因其是复数概念，故用thse或the nes，thse ／the nes＝the bikes。
2.也可以指动物
Is this yur dg？N, it isn’t.
3用来指代人。
说明某人的身份或者做某事的人；指代婴儿或儿童；在不清楚某人性别时，也可使用 it，尤其在问答的形式中更为常见。例如：
—Wh is it? —It’s me.
Wh is it there? It’s I ().
I thught it was Mary, but it was nt she.
Her face lighted when she saw wh it was.
1.（2018·新课标卷I·语法填空）If yu are time pr, yu need run fr nly half the time t get the same benefits as ther sprts, s perhaps we shuld all give___70___a try.
【答案】it \running
【解析】考查代词或名词的用法。我们都应该试试跑步。此处give it a try意为：试试。此处it可以指running。故填it或running。
2.—Wh’s that at the dr?
—__________ is the milkman.
A. He B. It C. This D. That
【答案】B
【解析】考查代词的用法。句意：——谁在门外？——是送牛奶的。因为不知道门外的是什么人。故用it指代不清楚的人。故选B。
3.If I can help_______, I dn’t like wrking late int the night.
A. s B. that C. it D. them
【答案】C
【解析】if I can help it意为 ＂如果我有办法＂, 表示有办法做某事, 或有办法控制某个局面。所提供的情景I dn’t like wrking late int the night说明如果有办法, 不喜欢工作到深夜。s意为 ＂这样＂, 常用于省略句中, 代替上文中的动作。that用于代替上文的内容。
考向二 非人称代词it
it有时并不指具体的东西，而泛指天气、时间、日期、距离、价值、度量、温度、环境等，称为非人称的it：
1.指天气：
It is a lvely day, isn’t it?
It is a bit windy.
2.指时间: It was nearly midnight when she came back.
3.指环境: It was very quiet in the café.
4.指距离：It is half an hur’s walk t the city centre.
5指日期：
What’s the date tday? It’s the eleventh, Octber.
6指季节：It is summer nw.
7指度量：It is abut 20 pund/kg
8.指价值：
--- What’s the cst f the dictinary?
---It is sixty-three.
9指温度It’s 35 centigrade nw. S I feel ht.
—He gt his first bk published. It turned ut t be a bestseller.
—When was _____?
—_____ was in 2000 when he was still in cllege.
A. that; This B. this; It C. it; This D. that; It
【答案】D
【解析】句意： ＂他的第一本书出版了, 并且成了一本畅销书。＂ ＂那是什么时候？＂ ＂那是在2000年他还在上大学的时候。＂指代上文中提到的事情用that; it可以指时间、天气、距离等概念。
考向二 作形式主语，替代不定式、ing形式或主语从句
（一） 作形式主语替代主语从句
1.①It is clear ( bvius， true， pssible， ) that ...该句型中it 是形式主语，真正的主语是that 引导的主语从句，常译为＂清楚（显然，真的，肯定……）＂ 是主语从句最常见的一种结构。
It is very clear that he’s rund and tall like a tree. = That he’s rund and tall like a tree is very clear.
② It is imprtant ( necessary， right， strange， natural...) that ... 该句型和上一个同属一个句型；由于主句中的形容词不同，that 后的从句中要用虚拟语气（shuld + 动词原形），shuld 可以省去，建议记住该句型中的形容词。
It is imprtant that we (shuld) learn English well.
It is necessary that he (shuld) remember these wrds.
2.① It is said (reprted/ ) that ... 该句型中的it 仍是形式主语，真正主语是that 引导的主语从句；该结构常译为＂据说（据报道，据悉……）＂。
It is said that he has cme t Beijing.
It is reprted that anther earth satellite has been put int rbit.
该句型常可以转换成含有宾语从句的复合句或者含有不定式作主补的简单句。例如：
It’s said that Tm has cme back frm abrad.→Peple say that Tm has cme back frm abrad.→He is said t have cme back frm abrad.
It is suggested ( rdered /demanded/insisted/cmmanded... ) that ... 该句型和上一个同属一个句型，主句中的过去分词是表示请求，建议，命令等词时，that 后的从句要用虚拟语气（shuld + 动词原形），shuld 可以省；常译为＂据建议；有命令…….）
It is suggested that the meeting ( shuld ) be put ff.
It was rdered that we ( shuld ) arrive there in tw hurs.
3.It is a pity ( a shame /an hnur/a gd thing/a fact,/a surprise/... ) that ... 该句型中，that后的从句一般用虚拟语气（shuld + 动词原形），shuld可省去.表示出乎意料，常译为＂竟然＂。没有这种意义时，则不用虚拟语气。
It is a pity that such a thing ( shuld ) happen in yur class. 这种事竟然发生在你们班上，真是遗憾！
It is a pity that he is ill. 他生病了，真遗憾！
4. It happens (seems， lks， appears ) that... 该句型中it是形式主语，that 引导的是主语从句，主句中的happen ， seem等词是不及物动词。
It happened ( s happened ) that he met his teacher in the street. 碰巧……
It seems that he enjys pp sngs very much.看来他非常喜欢流行歌曲。
该句型可转换成含不定式的简单句。如上述两句可分别转换为：
He happened t meet his teacher in the street.
He seems t enjy pp sngs very much.
5.it代替连接代词或连接副词引导的从句作形式主语
（1）It is knwn（nt decided，nt made clear，fund ut，discussed，being discussed，being cnsidered，a questin，uncertain等）＋连接代词或连接副词引导的从句。
It is still a questin when we shall have ur sprts meet.
我们将什么时候举行运动会还是一个问题。
It is uncertain whether he can attend this cnference r nt.
他能否来开会还不能确定。
（2）It desn’t matter（It’s n wnder；It desn’t make t much difference等）＋连接代词或连接副词引导的从句。
It desn’t matter whether we g tgether r separately.我们一起去还是分开去都可以。
It is n wnder why he came here t late.他为什么来这么晚不足为怪
(二)作形式主语替代不定式。常见的句型有：
1. ①. It is kind ( f sb. ) t d sth. 该句型中的不定式短语是真正主语，如果不定式的逻辑主语是由 f引起，主句中的形容词必须是能表示逻辑主语特征的形容词。 常见的有： bad, brave , careless, clever, cruel, flish, gd （好心的）, hnest , hrrible, kind , lazy, mdest, naughty, nice（有教养的）, plite， rude, silly, stupid , wise, wrng（错误的）等。 这个句型可以改写为：sb. is kind t d sth. 。
It is kind f yu t say s. = Yu are kind t say s.
②It is necessary ( fr sb. ) t d sth. 该句型与上一个同属一个句型，如果不定式的逻辑主语是由fr引起，主句中的形容词通常是表示重要性，紧迫性，频繁程度，难易，安全等情况的形容词。 常见的形容词有：① imprtant， necessary， natural ② easy， safe， cmmn， nrmal， hard， difficult， dangerus， unusual， rare， impssible， pleasant等。 =在①中的形容词作表语可以用从句改写， 如： It is imprtant fr her t cme t the party. = It is imprtant that she (shuld ) cme t the party.
2.It takes sb. ... t d sth. 该句型中的不定式是真正的主语，it是形式主语，句型中的直接宾语是时间，常译为＂做……要花费某人……＂。
It tk thusands f peple many years t build the Great Wall.
(三) 作形式主语替代ing形式
It is n gd / n use/useless ding sth. 该句型中的真正主语是动名词短语。
It is n gd learning English withut speaking English.
It’s useless trying t argue with Shylck.
考向四 作形式宾语，代替不定式、ing形式、宾语从句。
1. We think it imprtant t learn a freign language. 该句型中的it 作形式宾语，为了记忆方便我们可称该句型为＂6123结构＂。 6指主句中常用的动词：think, believe, make, find, cnsider, feel； 1指的是形式宾语it；2指的是宾补的两种形式：形容词或名词； 3指的是真正宾语的三种形式：不定式短语，动名词短语或that等引导的宾语从句。
We think it ur duty t clean ur classrm every day.
They fund it difficult that they wuld finish their wrk in tw days.
The prfessr thinks it n gd reading withut understanding.
The Internet makes it easier fr cmpanies t keep in tuch with custmers.
1.（2019·新课标III卷·语法填空）On ur way t the huse，it was raining ___s__ hard that we culdn't help wndering hw lng it wuld take ___62___ (get)there.
【答案】t get
【解析】句意：我们忍不住想知道还要多久才能到那里。该句中考查了固定用法：It takes time t d sth.：花时间做某事，该句式中it作形式主语，time做宾语，使用不定式作真正的主语。而句中只是在对宾语时间，用hw lng 对其进行提问，不影响不定式的使用，故答案为t get。
【名师点睛】此题看似考查非谓语动词，实际也是考查it作形式主语。
2.Susan made______ clear t me that she wished t make a new life fr herself.
A. that B. this C. it D. her
【答案】C
【解析】这是一个宾语从句，make的宾语是that引导的句子，在本句中用it做形式宾语代指that引导的宾语从句。句意为：Susan向我表明她希望能过上新的生活。故答案选C。
3. As the busiest wman in Nrtn, she made_________ her duty t lk after all the ther peple’s affairs in that twn.
A. this B. that C.ne D.it
【答案】D
【解析】it作形式宾语, t lk after all the ther peple’s affairs in that twn作真正的宾语。不定式短语作宾语时, 需移置宾语补语之后, 在原来宾语的位置上用引导词it作形式宾语, 构成 ＂make + it + 形容词或名词+不定式短语＂结构, 从而使句子保持平衡。
2. 在like, dislike, hate, lve, take, appreciate, depend n, see t(处理)，insist n，help等动词后，形式宾语it后可直接跟宾语从句。此时，it表模糊概念，指代后面所叙述的内容。
Yu may depend n it that I shall always supprt yu.
I hate it when peple laugh at the disabled.
I will appreciate it if yu can help me with my English.
1.I’d appreciate ________ if yu culd let me knw in advance whether r nt yu will cme.
A. it B. yu C. ne D. this
【答案】A
【解析】考查代词辨析及语境理解。appreciate后跟接if或when从句时，其后不直接跟if或when引导的从句，若语义上需要接这类从句，需借助it。故选A。
2.Hw wuld yu like if yu were watching yur favrite TV prgram and smene came int the rm and just shut it ff withut asking yu?
A. them B. ne C. thse D. it
【答案】D
【解析】句意：当你正在看一个你喜欢的节目时，突然有个人进来，一声不吭地关掉电视，你会怎么想？It作形式宾语，指代If后面的句子。该句涉及到了一个疑问句，一个条件状语从句（if）和两个并列句(and)。这当时应该先把它转化为陈述句yu wuld like______分析句子结构知道like之后缺少一个宾语，需要一个宾格代词充当，所以答案选it。
考向五it的重要句型
1.强调句
① It is/was + 被强调部分 + that/wh ... 该句型是强调句型。将被强调的部分放在前面，其它部分置于that之后，被强调部分可以是主语，宾语，表语或状语，强调的主语如果是人，that可以由wh换用。如果把这种句型结构划掉后，应该是一个完整无缺的句子；这也是判断强调句型与其它从句的方法。
It was abut 600 years ag that the first clck with a face and an hur hand was made.
It was they that (wh ) cleaned the classrm yesterday. It was in the street that I met her father.
It was yesterday that I met her in the street.
It is yu that /wh are wrng.
I think it was Jack said this.(其中省略了wh 或that)
What is it yu want me t d?(it 后省略了that)
It is nt until + 被强调部分 + that ... 该句型也是强调句型。主要用于强凋时间状语，译成汉语＂直到……才……＂，可以说是 nt ... until ... 的强调形式。
It was nt until she tk ff her dark glasses that I realized she was a famus film star. = Nt until she tk ff her dark glasses did I realize she was a famus film star. = I didn’t realize she was a famus film star until she tk ff her dark glasses.
强调句型的两种变形形式：
一般疑问句形式：Is/ Was it … that…?
特殊疑问句形式：Wh/ Whm /When/ When 等 + is/ was it that …?
1)Was it in 1979 ______ the American astrnaut succeeded ______ landing n the mn?
A. when; n B. that; n C. when; in D. that; in (Key: D)
2）Was ______ that I saw last night at the cncert?
A. it yu B. nt yu C. yu D. that yurself (Key: A)
3）Wh was it that yu met in the street yesterday? 昨天你在街上遇到的是谁？
Where was it that yu met Jack yesterday? 你昨天是在哪里遇到杰克的？
I dn’t mind her criticizing me, butis hw she des it that I bject t.
A. itB. thatC. thisD. which
【答案】A
【解析】It is+被强调部分+that+其他, 强调句可去掉it is与that还原句子。本句相当于..., but I bject t hw she des it。被强调部分是宾语从句, 因此, 用it引导该句式。
2.It ＋be的适当形式＋时间＋ when-clause
这个句型中，it指时间，而且表示时间的词语前没有介词（时间一般为具体时间）。主句中的谓语动词和从句中的谓语动词在时态上一般是一致的，主句是will be，when从句用一般现在时代替一般将来时。常译为＂当……的时候，是……＂例如：
It was already 8’clck when we gt hme.
It will be midnight when they get there.
It was five ’clck in the afternn _____ they climbed up t the tp f the muntain.
It was at five ’clck in the afternn _____ they climbed up t the tp f the muntain.
A. since B. when C. that D. until
3.It ＋is/has been＋一段时间＋ since-clause
这个句型表示从since从句谓语动作发生以后到现在或过去所经过的一段时间，意为＂自从……以来已多久了＂since 从句后用一般过去时，例如：
It is／has been three years since his father passed away.他父亲去逝已经有三年了。
It is/has been fifteen years since she left Shanghai.她离开上海已经15年了
4. ①It is time ( abut time ，high time ) that ... 该句型中that 后的从句应该用虚拟语气，常用一般过去时态表示虚拟.
It is time that children went t bed.
It is time yu bught a new car.
It is (high ) time yu made up yur mind.
②It is the first ( secnd ... ) time that ... 该句型要和上一个句型区别开来，该句型中的 that 从句不用虚拟语气，而用完成时态，。至于用什么完成时态，由主句的谓语动词的时态决定。如果是一般现在时，后面从句用现在完成时态；如果是一般过去时，后面从句则用过去完成时态，该结构中 that 可以省去；it有时用 this 替换.常译为＂是第一（二）……次……＂。
It is the first time I have been here. = This is the first time I have been here.
It was the fifth time（that）I had paid a friendly visit t Africa.
5.It ＋be的适当形式＋一段时间＋befre-clause
这个句型中的时间一般为表示一段时间的词语（如：lng，years，mnths，weeks，days ， hurs，minutes），主句中的谓语动词用肯定式，意为＂过多长时间才……＂。主句的谓语动词是否定式时，意为＂没过多长时间就……＂。主句的时态可用过去时was或将来时 will be；用was时，befre从句的动词用一般过去时；用will be时，befre从句常用一般现在时。例如：
It was nt lng befre she learned thse pems by heart .她没过多久就背会了那些诗歌。
It was lng befre the plice arrived.过了很久警察才来。
It will be hurs befre he makes a decisin.要过好几个小时他才会作出决定。
It will nt be hurs befre we meet again.要不了几个小时我们还会再见面的。
6. It lks ( seems ) as if ... 该句型中it无意义， as if 引导一个状语从句。常译为＂看起来好象……＂如果与事实不相符合，则用虚拟语气。
It lks as if he is ill.（真的病了）
It lks as if he were ill. （没有生病）
It seemed as if he were dying.
I．单项填空
1.Yung peple shuld be independent, and dn't take _________fr granted that yu can depend n yur parents when in truble.
A.neB.itC. thisD. that
2.He didn't make _________clear when and where the sprts meet wuld be held.
A. thisB.itC. thatD.ne
3.They dislike _________when peple d nt lk at the name cards, s remember nt t just put them in yur pcket withut lking.
A. thatB. themC.itD. yu
4.We find ______easy t get alng with ur new teachers here.
A. thatB.itC. thisD.不填
5.Almst 90% f the mst ppular vide games cntain vilence, and much f ______ is extremely vilent.
A. whichB.itC. themD. thse
6.Almst 90% f the mst ppular vide games cntain vilence, and much f ______ is extremely vilent.
A. whichB.itC. themD. thse
7.The pp singer is talented and elegant. ____ is n surprise that she has s many fans arund the wrld.
A. ItB. ThereC. ThatD. What
8.We all cnsider _________significant that we shuld cancel the rder immediately.
A. hwB. whichC. thisD.it
9. _________is required that every emplyee here be able t use a cmputer and speak gd English.
A. WhichB. WhatC.AsD. It
10.—The weather turns ut t be fine.
— We can depend n _________ that the gds will be shipped t the flded area n time.
A.itB./C. thisD. which
II．短文改错
While I was deciding what fd t buy in a stre, a yung man wrked there asked me hw I was ding. As usual, I tld truth. He said, "I’ll be right back." I thught he was anther persn wh thught I talked t many, and plitely excuse himself. I was heading ut while he came back and handed t me a beautiful bunch f flwers. Tied t him was a nte saying "Have a Happy New Year". The act f this yung man almst mved me t tear. It had been an extreme difficult day. My heart was hurt and an angel came t treat me fr kindness.
1.B
【解析】考查代词。句意为：年轻人应该独立，不能把遇到困难就依靠父母当作理所当然的事情。take it fr granted that…是固定句型，表示“认为……理所当然”。
2.B
【解析】考查it的用法。句意：他没有弄清楚运动会将于何时何地举行。A.this代指下文的情况；B.it形式主语或形式宾语，代指句中真正主语或宾语；C.that代指上文的情况；D.ne代指上文的可数名词单数。句中it为形式宾语，clear是宾补，真正宾语是when and where the sprts meet wuld be held，故选B。
3.C
【解析】考查代词。因“主语+ dislike （或like ,prefer, appreciate, hate. Lve…）+ it + when/if从句”是固定句型， it 在句中无实义。本句的意思是“当人们不看名片的时候他们不喜欢，所以记住不要不看就把他们放进你的口袋里。”故选C。
4.B
【解析】考查代词it的用法。句意：我们发现与我们这里的新老师相处很容易。此处it作形式宾语,而真正的宾语为后面的不定式结构t get alng with ur new teachers here。故选B。
5.B
【解析】考查代词。句意：90%最流行的视频游戏都包含暴力，其中很多是极其暴力的。it指代不可数名词vilence。
6.B
【解析】考查代词。句意：几乎90%的流行的视频游戏都包含暴力，很多是非常暴力的。用much说明f后面的代词指代不可数名词vilence，用it代替，which引导非限制性定语从句，这句话有and，不是定语从句，them和thse指代复数名词。故选B。
7.A
【解析】考查it的用法。句意：这个流行歌手非常有才，非常优雅。她在全世界有如此多的歌迷一点也不令人惊奇。it是形式主语，代指真正的主语从句“that she has s many fans arund the wrld”。
8.D
【解析】句意：我们认为立刻取消这个订单是十分重要的。题干属于"cnsider+it+形容词/名词+不定式短语/that…"结构，此处应用it作形式宾语,真正的宾语是that引导的从句。
9.D
【解析】句意：这里的每位员工都被要求能熟练操作电脑,会说流利的英语。题干属于"It is+过去分词+that…"句型，故用It， It是形式主语，真正的主语是后面that引导的从句。
10.A
【解析】考查代词。句意：——天气放晴了。
——我们可以相信货物将按时运往灾区。根据语境可知，此处缺少depend n的形式宾语，真正的宾语为that从句。故选A。
II．短文改错
【答案】
While I was deciding what fd t buy in a stre, a yung man there asked me hw I was ding. As usual, I tld truth. He said, "I’ll be right back." I thught he was anther persn wh thught I talked t , and plitely himself. I was heading ut he came back and handed t me a beautiful bunch f flwers. Tied t was a nte saying "Have a Happy New Year". The act f this yung man almst mved me t . It had been an difficult day. My heart was hurt and an angel came t treat me kindness.
【解析】
第一处：wrked→wrking。考查非谓语动词。根据语境并分析句子结构可知，句子的谓语动词为asked，而wrk与其逻辑主语a yung man之间为主谓关系，故应用其现在分词形式wrking作后置定语。
第二处：truth前加the。考查冠词。tell the truth"说实话"为固定短语。
第三处：many→much。考查副词。此处应用副词much修饰动词talked。
第四处：excuse→excused。考查时态。此处表示"我以为他是又一个觉得我话太多的人，于是礼貌地请求离开"。根据语境及从句中的"and"可知，此处应是excused与上文的was并列作从句的谓语动词，主语均为he，故应用一般过去时。
第五处：while→when。考查连词。此处表示"我正要出去，这时他回来了并递给我一束(扎得)漂亮的花"。be ding ... when...为固定句型，表示"正在做……，这时……"。
第六处：删除handed后的t。考查介词。hand sb. sth.为固定结构，表示"交给某人某物"。
第七处：him→it。考查代词。根据语境可知，此处是指一张便条被系在这束花上，故应用代词it指代a beautiful bunch f flwers。
第八处：tear→tears。考查名词复数。mve sb. t tears"使某人感动得落泪"为固定搭配。
第九处：extreme→extremely。考查副词。此处应用副词extremely"非常，极其"来修饰形容词difficult。
第十处：fr→with。考查介词。treat sb. with sth."以……态度/方式对待……"为固定搭配。
相关试卷
高考英语 考点知识专讲专练（有答案）考点11 完成时： 这是一份高考英语 考点知识专讲专练（有答案）考点11 完成时，共16页。试卷主要包含了 现在完成时， 过去完成时，将来完成时等内容，欢迎下载使用。
高考英语 考点知识专讲专练（有答案）考点18 -ed分词： 这是一份高考英语 考点知识专讲专练（有答案）考点18 -ed分词，共15页。试卷主要包含了 方式或伴随状语， 让步状语， 独立成分等内容，欢迎下载使用。
高考英语考点知识专讲专练（有答案） 考点18 -ed分词： 这是一份高考英语考点知识专讲专练（有答案） 考点18 -ed分词，共15页。试卷主要包含了 方式或伴随状语， 让步状语， 独立成分等内容，欢迎下载使用。
