2025版高考英语一轮总复习语法专题突破专题1第1讲划分句子成分和掌握基本句型课件

这是一份2025版高考英语一轮总复习语法专题突破专题1第1讲划分句子成分和掌握基本句型课件，共60页。PPT课件主要包含了宾语补足语，carefully，whothat，that，Weighing，SVO，There be句型，SVOA，S V IO DO，时间状语等内容，欢迎下载使用。

考点突破 · 精讲即练
一、句子成分句子是表达思想的基本单位，句子的主要成分包括主语和谓语，次要成分包括宾语、表语、定语、状语、补足语、同位语等。
考点一　主语1．定义：主语是句子讲述的对象，表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”。主语是谓语动作的执行者或所处状态的主体。主语一般由名词、代词、数词、动词不定式、动词-ing形式、从句或名词化的形容词等充当。 (2022·全国甲卷满分作文)June 8th was fficially named by the UN in 2009 as Wrld Oceans Day. (名词作主语) 2009年，联合国正式将6月8日定为世界海洋日。
(2022·全国甲卷满分作文)It aims t raise peple's awareness f prtecting ceans. (代词作主语)它旨在提高人们保护海洋的意识。 (2023·全国乙卷满分作文)Learning t knit helped me develp my creativity and prblem-slving skills.(动词-ing形式作主语)学习编织帮助我发展了创造力和解决问题的能力。(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷满分作文)What wrries me is that pairing us up randmly culd result in failure in ral imprvement.(从句作主语)让我担心的是，我们随机配对可能会导致口语提高失败。
2．位置：主语一般位于句首，但动词不定式(短语)、动词-ing形式(短语)、名词性从句作主语时，常用it作形式主语，而把真正的主语放在后面。(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷满分作文)It wuld be a great idea fr us t chse partners freely.(it作形式主语)由我们自由选择合作伙伴是个好主意。
考点二　谓语1．定义：谓语用来描述主语的行为动作、主语具有的特征或所处的状态，常位于主语之后。谓语主要由动词、动词短语、系表结构等充当。谓语有时态、语态和语气的变化。谓语与主语在“人称”与“数”方面应保持一致，即主谓一致。2．结构特征：
(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷满分作文)I appreciate yur eagerness t imprve ur ral English, but I feel cncern ver yur arrangement.(实义动词作谓语) 我很欣赏你对提高我们英语口语的渴望，但我对你的安排感到担忧。(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷满分作文)The English prgramme is widely ppular amng us students.(系表结构作谓语) 这个英语节目在我们学生中广受欢迎。
First f all, as smart nline learners, we can make full use f the mst extensive educatinal resurces t braden the hrizns.(“情态动词＋动词短语”作谓语)首先，作为聪明的在线学习者，我们可以充分利用最广泛的教育资源来拓宽视野。 (2021·新高考Ⅰ卷满分作文)I d expect Yuth can publish mre classic wrks and have a prmising future. (实义动词expect前加d强调谓语动词) 我真切希望《青春》能出版更多的经典作品并有一个美好的未来。
即时演练(一)写出加黑部分在句中所作的句子成分。1．The aged are well taken care f in the village._________2．Great changes have taken place in China since 1980.________3．I will spend this summer hliday in the cuntryside.______4．It is impssible fr him t pass the test.________
考点三　宾语1．定义：宾语是动作、行为的对象，由名词、代词、动词不定式或相当于名词的词(短语或从句)来充当，它和谓语动词一起说明主语是什么，通常放在及物动词或者介词之后，有时会有双宾语。(2022·全国甲卷满分作文)We can't thrw rubbish, especially plastic rubbish there, because many sea animals eat them by mistake and are killed at last. (名词作宾语) 我们不能把垃圾，尤其是塑料垃圾扔在那里，因为许多海洋动物错把它们吃掉并最终被杀死。
I'm glad t knw that yu've cme t learn kung fu in a schl in my hmetwn. (从句作宾语)我很高兴知道你来我家乡的一所学校学习功夫。 Dn't frget t praise yur friend fr the delicius fds he ffers. (动词不定式短语作宾语)别忘了称赞你朋友提供的美味食物。Mr. Smith gave him a lt f valuable advice n hw t imprve his writing. (him为间接宾语； a lt f valuable advice为直接宾语) 史密斯先生就如何提高他的写作水平给了他许多有价值的建议。
2．形式宾语：动词不定式(短语)、动词-ing形式(短语)、名词性从句作宾语，常用it作形式宾语，而把真正的宾语放在后面。Sme students find it difficult t study English.(it作形式宾语)一些学生发现英语很难学。Mst f us think it n use fighting against each ther.(it作形式宾语)我们大多数人认为相互争斗无济于事。I think it very imprtant that we take part in the discussin.(it作形式宾语)我认为我们参加这次讨论是很重要的。
考点四　宾语补足语1．定义：宾语补足语是对宾语进行补充说明的句子成分，一般放在宾语之后。常用作宾语补足语的有名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式、动词-ing形式、过去分词等。“宾语＋宾语补足语”统称为“复合宾语”。Dctrs ften advise us t pay mre attentin t ur diets and mental health and t take regular examinatins. (us为宾语； t pay mre 为宾语补足语)医生经常建议我们多注意饮食和心理健康，并定期进行检查。
2．复合宾语(宾语＋宾语补足语)的结构：
【点津】句型“主语＋谓语＋宾语＋宾语补足语”改为被动语态时，宾语补足语就变为主语补足语。The little by saw a girl g int the building. (省略t的动词不定式短语作宾语补足语)→A girl was seen t g int the building (by the little by)．(动词不定式作主语a girl的补足语)那个小男孩看见一个女孩进入了那幢大楼。
考点五　表语1．定义：表语位于连系动词后，用来说明主语的身份、特征、状态、性质、职业、数量、处所等。
2．常见的连系动词主要有下列几种：(1)表示“状态”类：be (am, is, are, was, were)；(2)表示“持续”类：keep, stay, remain, lie等；(3)表示“表象”类：seem, appear等；(4)表示“感官”类：lk, sund, smell, taste, feel；(5)表示“渐变”类：grw, turn, get, g, becme, cme, fall；(6)表示“证明”类：prve。
3．常用作表语的有名词、代词、形容词、副词、动词不定式、动词-ing形式、过去分词、介词短语、表语从句等。Five years later, he became an engineer.(名词作表语)五年后，他成了一名工程师。This is my dictinary. That is yurs.(代词作表语)这是我的词典，那本是你的。We must keep healthy.(形容词作表语)我们必须保持健康。
My aim is t becme a dctr.(动词不定式短语作表语)我的目标是成为一名医生。The mvie is quite mving.(动词-ing形式作表语)这部电影非常感人。
即时演练(二)写出加黑部分在句中所作的句子成分。1．He managed t finish the wrk n time.____________2．His wish is t becme a scientist.____________3．Mther cks breakfast fr us every day.____________4．We fund him an hnest persn.____________5．He nticed a man enter the rm.____________
考点六　定语1．定义：定语是用于对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子。单个词作定语常放在被修饰词之前(前置定语)，而短语或从句作定语，往往放在被修饰词之后(后置定语)。My best friend was a girl wh was called Mary.(形容词best作前置定语，修饰名词friend；wh引导的定语从句作后置定语，修饰名词girl)我最好的朋友是一位叫玛丽的姑娘。
2．常用作定语的有名词、代词、数词、形容词、副词、介词短语、动词-ing形式、动词-ed形式、动词不定式、定语从句等。It prvides us with a gd pprtunity t have a better cmmand f traditinal Chinese culture.(动词不定式短语作后置定语)它为我们更好地了解中国传统文化提供了一个很好的机会。On arriving at the farm lcated in the suburb f ur city，we saw the sea f vegetables, which included cucumbers, tmates and s n.(过去分词短语作后置定语)一到位于我们城郊的农场，我们就看到蔬菜的海洋，有黄瓜、西红柿等。
考点七　状语1．定义：状语用来修饰动词、形容词、副词、介词短语或整个句子，用来表示行为发生的时间、地点、目的、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式、比较、伴随等。状语一般放在句末，但有时也可以放在句首、句中。Mst f the students really respect her because she has tp teaching skills.(副词作状语；状语从句作状语)大多数学生确实都很尊敬她，因为她有一流的教学技巧。
2．状语一般由副词、介词短语、动词-ing短语、过去分词短语、动词不定式、状语从句或相当于副词的词或短语来充当。Withut his help, we culdn't have wrked it ut.(介词短语作状语)要是没有他的帮助，我们不会解决它。T catch up with my classmates, I must study hard.(动词不定式短语作状语)为了赶上同班同学，我必须努力学习。
(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷满分作文)Yuth cvers a wide variety f tpics t attract senir students, leading us int the uter wrld.(动词-ing短语作状语)《青春》题材广泛，吸引了高年级学生，带领我们走进外面的世界。When I was yung, I culd swim well.(状语从句作状语)年轻时，我游泳很好。He helped me althugh he didn't knw me.(状语从句作状语)虽然他不认识我，但是他帮助了我。
考点八　同位语同位语是对名词或代词的进一步解释说明，且与其前面的名词或代词在语法上处于同等的地位，常位于名词或代词之后。常用作同位语的有名词、名词短语、数词、代词、同位语从句等。Yu each have a chance t g t cllege. (代词作同位语)你们每个人都有机会上大学。We students shuld put ur heart int the study.(名词作同位语)我们学生应专心学习。
Wrd came that ur schl is ging t hld a class meeting whse tpic is related t traditinal Chinese culture.(从句作同位语)消息传来，我们学校将举办一次主题与中国传统文化有关的班会。
即时演练(三)单句语法填空1．She listened t me __________ (careful) while we were talking.2．The girl ___________ is wearing a red dress is my cusin.3．He tld me the news _____ ur team wn the game.4．Is there any scientific evidence ______ a persn's character is reflected in their writings?5．___________ (weigh) nly 96 grams, the electrnic dictinary is prtable and easy t use.
二、基本句型英语中有五种基本句型：①主语＋谓语(SV)；②主语＋谓语＋宾语(SVO)；③主语＋连系动词＋表语(SP)；④主语＋谓语＋间接宾语＋直接宾语(S V IO DO)；⑤主语＋谓语＋宾语＋宾语补足语(SVOC)；
句型(一)　简约却不简单的“主语＋谓语(vi.)(＋状语)”结构1．主谓结构中谓语常用来表示主语的动作或状态。这种句型中的谓语动词为不及物动词，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。但不能接宾语，也没有被动语态。常见的不及物动词有：arrive, cme, lie, shine, live, walk, fall, rise, happen, exist, ccur, agree等。2．谓语动词也可以是不及物动词短语，如cme up(被提出)，run ut (用完)，get by(勉强生存)，cme ut(出版)，break dwn (出故障)，drp by(顺便拜访)，pass ut(晕倒)等。
(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷读后续写) He sat still with a deep breath. 他静静地坐着，深呼吸。(2021·北京卷读后续写) I　 was cughing uncntrllably last night. 昨晚我咳嗽得无法控制。(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ卷满分作文) The racing rute began at ur schl gate and ended　 at the ft f the Suth Hill.比赛路线从我们学校门口开始，到南山脚下结束。
(2019·全国Ⅱ卷满分作文)In the envirnment， teachers and students are living　 happily and wrking hard.在这种环境下，师生们生活快乐，工作努力。注意：不及物动词或短语后不能接宾语，要特别注意英汉表达的差异。①His hme brke ut a fire last night.( )他家昨晚发生了一场火灾。②A fire brke ut in his hme last night.( )
即时演练(一)翻译句子(“主语＋不及物动词”结构)1．(2022·浙江卷读后续写)正如俗话所说，一个人可以走得很远，但一群人可以走得更远。____________________________________________________________________________2．(2021·浙江卷读后续写)父亲驾驶的卡车经常半路抛锚。___________________________________________
Just as the saying ges，ne persn can g far, but a grup f persns can travel farther.
The truck my dad drve ften brke dwn halfway.
3．(2020·全国Ⅱ卷书面表达)上周末，我和我的同学骑自行车去新兴农场摘草莓。__________________________________________________________________________4．(全国Ⅱ卷满分作文)在比赛中友谊第一。___________________________________________5．(全国Ⅱ卷满分作文)比赛将于下午2点开始，大约持续3个小时。________________________________________________________
Last weekend, my classmates and I went t Xinxing Farm by bike t pick strawberries.
Friendship always cmes first in the cmpetitin.
The cmpetitin will begin at 2 p．m. and last fr rughly 3 hurs.
句型(二)　众人青睐的“主谓宾(＋状语)”结构“主谓宾”句型之所以受到中国英语学习者的青睐，是因为它跟我们的思维方式最接近，因而这个句型也是考生在写作中运用最多的。它的基本结构是：主语＋谓语(vt.)＋宾语(＋状语)1．该句型中的谓语是及物动词，如respect，admire, ignre, prvide, upset, appreciate等。其后可接名词、代词、动名词、动词不定式或从句等作宾语。
2．谓语动词也可以是及物动词短语，如cmmunicate with...(与……交流)，stand fr(代表；象征)，get n with...(与……相处)，lk frward t (盼望)，cme acrss(偶然碰到)等。(2022·全国甲卷满分作文) The cean maintains the balance f nature.　海洋维持着自然的平衡。(2021·全国乙卷满分作文) Hwever， nline learning has bth advantages and disadvantages　.然而，在线学习既有优势又有劣势。
(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ卷满分作文) Bth students and teachers hpe　 t hld such activities　 again.学生和老师都希望能再次举办这样的活动。(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷满分作文) I wuld appreciate yur taking my suggestins int cnsideratin.　您能考虑我的建议，我将不胜感激。注意：(1)有些“主谓宾”结构的句子虽然短小，但表达的含义更精确，语言更地道。写作中并不一定句子越长越好。I culd nt say any wrd.→Wrds failed me.(单词虽然少，句子更精悍)
(2)在写作中，同学们比较擅长使用主动语态。如果能灵活使用被动语态，会给句子添彩不少。I am nt sure whether all the cllege graduates can find jbs after graduatin.→I am nt sure whether all the cllege graduates can get emplyed after graduatin.
即时演练(二) 翻译句子(“主谓宾”结构)1．(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷满分作文) 作为我们杰出的外语老师，您的到来可以帮助我们很多。________________________________________________________________
As ur distinguished freign language teacher, yur arrival can help us a lt.
2．(2021·全国乙卷满分作文)此外，我们可以吸收各种资源来有效地学习。_______________________________________________________3．(2021·浙江1月满分作文)为了你们的来访，我们安排了各种各样的活动。__________________________________________________
Besides, we can absrb all kinds f resurces t learn efficiently.
Fr yur visit here, we have arranged a variety f activities.
4．(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷读后续写)他们做了面包，然后继续煮粥。_________________________________________________5．(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ卷满分作文)从生活到日常训练，我们队正在为比赛做准备。______________________________________________________
They made the bread and then went n cking prridge.
Our team is preparing fr the game frm living t daily training.
句型(三)　独一无二的“主系表”结构汉语没有表语这一说法，这样就显得英语的“主系表”结构比较有个性了，因此我们说此结构是独一无二的。它主要用以说明主语的特征、类属、状态、身份等。它的基本结构是：主语＋系动词(link. v．)＋表语。1．这种句型无被动语态，也无进行时态。谓语动词需用系动词，表语多为形容词，也可以是名词、介词短语或非谓语动词形式等。
常见的系动词有be，还有感官系动词(sund, lk, smell，taste, feel)；变化系动词(becme, get, grw, turn, g，fall，run)；持续系动词(remain, keep，hld，stay)；表象系动词(seem，appear)等。(2022·全国甲卷满分作文)T prtect the cean is t prtect urselves. 保护海洋就是保护我们自己。(2021·全国乙卷满分作文)The wrst part is that smetimes we lack self-discipline. 最糟糕的是，有时我们缺乏自律。
(2020·全国Ⅰ卷满分作文)Regardless f the risk f getting infected, Uncle Li is respnsible and devted t his jb.　李叔叔不顾感染的危险，对工作负责，尽心尽力。The traditinal Chinese dress lks mre beautiful and stylish.中国传统服装看起来更漂亮，更时尚。
2．在主系表结构中要注意英汉表达的差异，避免中式英语。这件外套很贵。①The price f the cat is very expensive.( )②The cat is very expensive. ( )③The price f the cat is very high. ( )表示价格的词price可用“高”或“低”，即high或lw来修饰，而不可像汉语一样用“贵”或“便宜”来形容。
即时演练(三)补全句子/翻译句子(“主系表”结构)1. (2022·全国乙卷满分作文)就我而言，这是一个令人不安的趋势。_____________________________________________2．(2021·全国乙卷满分作文)长时间盯着屏幕对我们的眼睛有害。____________________________________________3．(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷读后续写)美味的早餐准备好了。______________________________
As far as I'm cncerned, this is a disturbing trend.
Staring at the screen lng is harmful t ur eyes.
Delicius breakfast was ready.
4．(2020·全国Ⅱ卷满分作文)看到我们的劳动成果打包装上卡车，我们都感到很满意。Seeing ur fruits f labr were packed and laded nt the truck，_________________.5．(2020·浙江卷满分作文)你现在感觉好些了吗？_____________________________
we all felt satisfied
Are yu feeling any better nw？
句式(四)　一拖二的“主谓宾宾”结构“主谓宾宾”这类句型在写作中常常用到，具有独特的魅力。与及物动词跟一个单个的宾语结构相比，双宾语结构的独特之处在于一个动词与两个名词(短语)相互作用。它的基本结构是：主语＋谓语(vt.)＋间接宾语(人)＋直接宾语(物)。
1．间接宾语一般位于直接宾语的前面，如果间接宾语在直接宾语的后面，那么中间需要加上一个介词。可用介词t来变换间接宾语的动词：give，ffer，hand，shw，thrw，pass, pay, send, sell, tell, lend, write 等。(如：give sb. sth.＝give sth. t sb.)Hwever busy he is， he writes me an e-mail every week.＝Hwever busy he is, he writes an e-mail t me every week.不管他多忙，他每周都会给我写一封电子邮件。
Mr. Smith gave me sme advice and lent me an English dictinary.　＝Mr. Smith gave sme advice t me and lent an English dictinary t me.史密斯先生给了我一些建议并且借了本英文词典给我。
2．可用介词fr来变换间接宾语的动词：make, buy, ck, find, get, rder, sing, spare, fetch等。(如：make sb. sth.＝make sth. fr sb.) He bught me a bicycle.　＝He bught a bicycle fr me.他给我买了一辆自行车。Can yu get me sme stamps？＝Can yu get sme stamps fr me?你能帮我拿些邮票吗？
注意：ask, answer, take, cst等，这一类动词无法改变结构形式。May I ask yu a questin？我可以问你一个问题吗？
即时演练(四)补全句子/翻译句子(“主谓宾宾”结构)1．(2022·全国甲卷满分作文) 众所周知，海洋为我们提供了充足的食物。_____________________________________________2．(2021·全国甲卷满分作文)我完全不知道你们对哪种中国传统文化感兴趣，你能给我一些建议吗？As I'm ttally clueless abut which type f traditinal Chinese culture fascinates yu guys，__________________________?
As we all knw, the cean ffers us sufficient fd.
culd yu give me sme tips
3．(2020·7月浙江卷满分作文)我们都非常想念你，祝你早日完全康复。We all miss yu very much and _________________________________.4．我祝你今后一切顺利，旅途愉快。______________________________ and have a gd jurney.5．开幕式将于上午9点开始，我们的校长将首先给我们发表讲话。The pening ceremny will start at 9：00 a．m. and _______________________________________.
wish yu a quick and cmplete recvery
I wish yu all the best in the future
ur headmaster will
give us a speech first
句式(五)　缺一不可的“主谓宾补”结构“主谓宾补”句式结构中的谓语虽然是及物动词，但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个补充成分来说明宾语，才能使意思完整。宾语补足语是用来补充说明宾语的情况的，直接跟在宾语之后。宾语补足语可以由名词、非谓语动词、形容词、副词或介词短语等充当。写作时应熟练掌握“名词作宾语补足语”这种高级表达形式。它的基本结构是：主语＋谓语(vt.)＋宾语＋宾语补足语。
1．常用名词充当宾语补足语的动词有：call, name, elect，make, appint, leave, cnsider, keep, wish等。 We {all} call him 〈a living dictinary〉．我们都叫他“活字典”。2．常用形容词充当宾语补足语的动词有：believe, think, get，keep, make, find, set, wish, cnsider, prve, leave, paint，drive等。(2020·全国Ⅰ卷满分作文)It was Mr. Liu wh made me 〈aware f the imprtance f learning English well〉．是刘老师使我意识到学好英语的重要性。
3．常用现在分词和省略t的动词不定式等作宾补的及物动词有：see, ntice, hear, watch, bserve, feel等。 He saw me 〈waiting in the rain〉．他看到我在雨中等。Did yu see him 〈g ut〉？你看到他出去了吗？
4．常用t d作宾补的及物动词有：advise, ask, cmmand, encurage, frbid, permit, persuade, get等。 Our maths teacher [always] encurages us 〈t wrk ut the questins by urselves instead f being tld the answers〉．我们的数学老师经常鼓励我们自己解决问题而不是被告知答案。
5．有些动词后常用it作形式宾语，而将真正的宾语放到宾语补足语的后面，这是英语中常用的句型，即“主语＋谓语＋it＋宾补＋真正的宾语”。常见的动词有：think, find，cnsider，feel，make等。 The student has made it 〈a rule〉 t read English magazines every day.　这个学生已经养成了每天读英文杂志的习惯。
注意：考生在写作时切忌好高骛远，在没有把握基本的简单句的情况下，不要轻易尝试很复杂的句子。要从自己可以掌控的东西出发，先学会把自己的思想表达成为得体的简单句，进而对之进行再加工、转换，方能创作出漂亮的作文。
即时演练(五)补全句子/翻译句子(“主谓宾补”结构)1．(2022·全国甲卷满分作文)此外，我们还可以分发传单，呼吁更多的人保护海洋。What's mre, we can als hand ut leaflets t ____________________________________.
call n mre peple t
prtect the cean
2．(2021·全国乙卷满分作文)很显然，在线学习让我们随时随地学习。____________________________________________________________________
Obviusly, nline learning allws us t learn at any time wherever we are.
3．我上个月来到这里，发现我的课程有趣的。_________________________________________________4．我想你能给予我们指导和鼓励。____________________________________________________5．父母认为这对于建立孩子的信心是很有用的。_____________________________________________________
I came here last mnth and fund my curses interesting.
I wuld like yu t give us yur guidance and encuragement.
Parents think it very useful t build their children's cnfidence.
集训夯基 · 素养提能
Ⅰ.写出下列句子的句型结构1．We need the Internet.______2．The Mid-Autumn Festival is arund the crner.____3．There are 45 students in ur class._________________4．I want t have a cup f tea very much.________5．She cked her husband a delicius meal.______________
Ⅱ.分析下列句子的句子成分1．One day sme f my students were talking abut what we wuld like t be in the future.分析：One day作___________, sme f my students作_____，were talking abut作______, what we wuld like t be in the future作_______。2．The meeting held yesterday was imprtant.分析：The meeting作______;held yesterday作__________；was作_____________; imprtant作_______。
3．Wrd came that the mayr wuld pay a visit t ur schl next week.分析：本句为主谓结构，Wrd作______；came作______；that the mayr wuld pay a visit t ur schl next week是________从句，说明主语的内容。4．During the same perid, trade alng the Silk Rad als bmed.分析：介词短语During the same perid作_______,trade作______，介词短语alng the Silk Rad作__________，bmed作________。
5．Perhaps the best way t understand Western art is t lk at the develpment f Western painting ver the centuries.分析：the best way作______，动词不定式短语t understand Western art作__________，is是__________；动词不定式短语t lk at the develpment f Western painting ver the centuries作______，整个句子是一个________结构。
Ⅲ.语法填空(2023·甘肃省张掖市联考)Incense (香) is material that releases fragrant (芳香的)smke when burnt. Yang Jinqing, an inheritr f Qingyuan traditinal incense making, has a burning desire ______________(develp) ppular fragrances. Fr decades, Yang has cmmitted himself ______ the traditinal incense craft in Qingyuan, __________ was named a natinal intangible cultural heritage by the State Cuncil in June 2021.
The cuntry basts a prfund incense histry___________ (date) back t befre the Qin Dynasty. The craft and its culture thrived during the Sng Dynasty. It fund wider ___________ (ppular) during the Ming and Qing dynasties when it was used t fend ff diseases, insects, msquites and preserve peple's health.Qingyuan saw many incense wrkshps set up during the Sng Dynasty, thanks t its clse gegraphical lcatin t abundant herbal resurces __________(hide) in the Taihang Muntains.
5.ppularity
Nwadays, with the _____________(increasing) expanding market, mre than 50,000 peple _______________(engage) in the incense business in mre than 500 lcal incense businesses.
7.increasingly
8.areengaged
Yang Jinqing has helped t establish an engineering center fr herbal incense in Hubei that specializes in studying ancient recipes ___________ develping new crafts based n the fragrance. “We might think incense culture is very elegant and, therefre, far away frm us, but it is actually very clse t ur lives.” he says. “When drinking tea, playing chess, reading r writing, _____________(light) an incense stick can help calm the nerves and cncentrate the mind.”
10.lighting
“I want future generatins t appreciate the charm f China's incense culture and craft.” he adds.语篇导读：本文是说明文，主要讲述了中国传统的制香业。
解析：1. 考查非谓语动词。句意：杨金庆是清远传统制香的传承人，他对开发大众化香料有着强烈的愿望。短语a desire t d sth.渴望做某事。故填t develp。2. 考查固定搭配。句意：几十年来，杨一直致力于清远传统的熏香工艺，这一工艺于2021年6月被国务院列为国家级非物质文化遗产。短语cmmit neself t表示“致力于；投身于”。故填t。
3．考查定语从句。句意：几十年来，杨一直致力于清远传统的熏香工艺，这一工艺于2021年6月被国务院列为国家级非物质文化遗产。在非限制性定语从句中，which指代traditinal incense craft，在从句中作主语。故填which。4．考查非谓语动词。句意：这个国家拥有悠久的熏香历史，可以追溯到秦朝以前。date back t追溯到，为不及物动词词组，无被动语态，与逻辑主语histry构成主动关系，故用现在分词主动表被动。故填dating。
5．考查名词。句意：在明清时期，它更受欢迎，当时它被用来抵御疾病、昆虫、蚊子和保持人们的健康。wider为形容词，后接名词ppularity作宾语。故填ppularity。6．考查非谓语动词。句意：由于地处太行山中丰富的草药资源，宋朝时清远就有了许多香作坊。逻辑主语herbal resurces和hide之间是动宾关系，故用过去分词表被动。故填hidden。7.考查副词。句意：如今，随着市场的日益扩大，超过5万人在500多家当地熏香企业从事熏香业务。此处用副词increasingly修饰expand，作状语。故填increasingly。
8．考查固定短语。句意：如今，随着市场的日益扩大，当地500多家熏香企业从事熏香业务的人数已超过5万人。短语be engaged in表示“从事”，根据上文Nwadays可知为一般现在时。故填are engaged。9. 考查连词。句意：杨金庆在湖北帮助建立了一个草药香工程中心，专门研究古代配方，并开发基于香料的新工艺。根据句意可知，此处前后文为并列关系。故填and。10．考查非谓语动词。句意：在喝茶、下棋、阅读或写作时，点上一根香可以帮助镇静神经，集中精神。此处是动名词作主语。故填lighting。
Ⅳ.按要求完成下列各题(一)用简单句翻译句子1．我们的英语老师非常年轻而且有耐心。__________________________________________2．他两年前从大学毕业。_____________________________________
Our English teacher is very yung and patient.
He graduated frm cllege tw years ag.
3．他经常给我们提供一些好的学习英语的建议。____________________________________________________________________________________________________4．他尽力使他的课活泼有趣。_________________________________________
He ften ffers us sme gd advice n English learning./He ften ffers sme gd advice n English learning t us.
He tries t make his classes lively and interesting.
5．他要求我们每天早上背诵一些英语单词。_______________________________________________6．在他的帮助下，我们大多数人都取得了很大的进步。____________________________________________7．我们为拥有这样一位好老师感到自豪。_______________________________________
He asks us t recite sme English wrds every mrning.
Mst f us have made great prgress with his help.
We feel prud t have such a gd teacher.
(二)把上述句子连成一篇80词左右的短文，可适当增加细节。