专题05 阅读理解之记叙文10篇(中考真题+名校模拟)-2024年中考英语逆袭冲刺名校模拟真题速递(广东专用)

这是一份专题05 阅读理解之记叙文10篇(中考真题+名校模拟)-2024年中考英语逆袭冲刺名校模拟真题速递(广东专用)，共18页。

Jerry learned that scientists need plants, rcks and water samples（样本）frm the places far away t d research. But scientists can’t get there themselves as such places are hard t reach——nly the bravest adventurers can make it. Jerry thught himself culd d smething t help. He then came up with an idea. He set up a team f tp adventures t cllect samples fr scientists. By studying the samples, scientists culd knw mre abut the earth and find ways t prtect it.
Recently Jerry and his adventurer friends have discvered a special plant life f Muntain Qmlangma. The samples they brught back have helped scientists hw plants live in extreme（极端的）cnditins.
Fr Jerry, this kind f adventure is mst satisfying. “Such adventures had made us see life in a different way. Nw, being the best climber isn’t imprtant fr me, what matters is ding smething helpful while climbing the muntains. There is still much mre we can d.” Jerry said t a newspaper.
1．What is paragraph 1 mainly abut?
A．Jerry’s friends.B．Jerry’s achievements.C．High muntains.D．A gegraphy magazine.
2．What des the underlined wrd “fulfilled” in paragraph 2 mean?
A．Satisfied.B．Lnely.C．Patient.D．Wrried.
3．Why did Jerry set a team f tp adventures?
A．T make friends.B．T help scientists.C．T study plants.D．T train scientists.
4．Jerry’s and his friends’ adventures had changed ________.
A．their hbbiesB．their friendshipC．their understanding f lifeD．their living cnditins
5．Which can be the best title fr the passage?
A．Dangerus Muntains Climbing.B．Imprtant Scientific Discveries.
C．Plants Fund n High Muntains.D．Adventures Turned int Smething Greater.
（2023·广东佛山·统考三模）Acrss the wrld, humans buy arund 1.3 billin single-use plastic bttles a day. Hwever, nly abut 9% f them are recycled and mst f them end up in landfills, the cean r elsewhere in nature.
When beach-lving Madisn Checketts nticed that many plastic bttles plluted the sand during her family trip t Califrnia, the 12-year-ld American girl realized that this needed t be changed. S fr her schl science prject, she decided t fcus n reducing plastic litter.
During her research, Madisn came acrss a special methd f packing water within an eatable material—a gel membrane（凝胶膜）. At that time, the girl gt her idea: She wuld design an eatable water bttle called the Ec-Her.
T carry ut her idea, Madisn develped the methd by ding scientific tests with cmmn fd additives （添加剂）. She als learned frm previus research n eatable water bttles. Based n the past research, she imprved the methd and made her bttles bigger and able t last fr a lnger time. She fund that water, lemn juice and ther chemicals culd be used tgether t make a gel bag that wuldn’t break. And the bag culd hld up t 3/4 cup f water and culd be kept in the fridge fr three weeks.
“My biggest gal with this prject is t help the wrld,” says the yung inventr. She hpes her inventin can encurage thers t take better care f the planet. “It desn’t necessarily have t be in a big way,” she adds. “Peple can make a difference in the wrld, even if it’s just in a small way.”
6．Hw many plastic bttles are recycled?
A．Arund 1.3 billin.B．Abut 91%.C．Abut 9%.D．3/4.
7．What is Paragraph 2 mainly abut?
A．The reasn why Madisn did the prject.B．The results f Madisn’s prject.
C．The influence f plastic bttles.D．The hbby f Madisn.
8．Madisn gt the idea f designing an eatable water bttle during ________.
A．her family tripB．her researchC．her scientific testsD．her talk with teachers
9．What des the underlined wrd “previus” in Paragraph 4 mean?
A．Great.B．Past.C．Cmmn.D．Interesting.
10．Which can be the best title fr the passage?
A．Plastic Bttle PllutinB．A Cl Inventin
C．Ways t Slve PllutinD．Eatable Water Bttle
（2023·广东肇庆·统考二模）A teacher cleared ff his desk and placed n tp f it a few things. One f them was an empty masn jar(玻璃瓶). He filled the jar with glf balls until he culd put n mre. He lked at the classrm and asked his students if they agreed that the jar was full. Every student agreed that the jar was really full.
The teacher then picked up a bx f small pebbles(卵石) and pured them int the jar with the glf balls. The pebbles filled all f the penings in between the glf balls. He asked the students if the jar was full. Once again, they agreed.
Nw the teacher picked up a bag f sand and pured it int the jar. The sand filled in all f the empty space left between the glf balls and pebbles. He asked the class again if the jar was full. The students agreed again.
The teacher said, “I want yu t knw that this jar represents yur life,” he started. “The glf balls represent the imprtant things: yur family, health, friends... The pebbles represent the ther things in life, such as yur jb, huse and car. The sand is every small thing. If yu put the sand in first there is n rm fr the pebbles r glf balls. The same ges fr life. If yu spend all f yur time n the small things, yu will never have rm fr the things that are mst imprtant.”
Pay attentin t the imprtant things in yur life. Yu shuld knw there will always be time t clean the huse r g shpping.
11．The teacher put the ________ in the jar the third time.
A．glf ballB．pebbleC．sandD．water
12．Which f the fllwing stands fr the “pebble” accrding t the passage?
A．Yur familyB．Yur healthC．Yur friendsD．Yur jb
13．Frm the passage we learn that ________.
A．life shuld have enugh rm fr glf balls
B．we shuld spend less time n cleaning
C．the water filled penings between sand and pebbles
D．the teacher is t strict with the students
14．What des the underlined wrd “represents” in Paragraph 4 mean?
A．DiscussB．PrtectC．ExplainD．Stands fr
15．What des the passage mainly talk abut?
A．Hw t make yur life busy
B．What the real life shuld be
C．The rder f life’s imprtant things
D．Hw t use yur time in a prper way
（2023·广东肇庆·肇庆市第一中学校考二模）Have yu ever dreamed f ging int space? In the past, nly prfessinal astrnauts had that chance. That has all changed since 2021. A few space turism cmpanies successfully tk rdinary peple int space.
Virgin Galactic cmpany was the first t make that dream cme true in early July 2021. Its spaceship, called VSS Unity, tk fur passengers and tw pilts n a trip t space. They experienced weightlessness and saw the Earth frm abve. VSS Unity has a fully reusable design. It can reach t a height f 9.5 miles. It is then released(放) befre firing its wn rckets t reach the height f 53 miles. Virgin Galactic hped t begin regular flights in 2022.
Less than tw weeks later, Amazn funder Jeff Bezs’s New Shepard rcket made its first flight. There were fur passengers in the space capsule(航天舱). They flew up t an altitude f 66 miles. Amng thse n bard were Bezs himself and 82-year-ld Wally Funk, a wman pilt wh trained fr NASA Mercury prgram(水星工程) in the early 1960s. She had waited 60 years fr her chance t g int space. Funk became the ldest persn t fly in space. But the recrd was brken by a 90-year-ld actr William Shatner. He flew n New Shepard Tw.
I think mre rdinary peple will visit the space in the future. D yu want t g there ne day?
16．Hw many peple tk VSS Unity t space in July, 2021?
A．Tw.B．Fur.C．Six.D．Eight.
17．What des the underlined wrd “weightlessness” in Paragraph 2 mean?
A．Withut any weight.B．With lts f weight.
C．With a few passengers.D．Withut any influence.
18．Which statement is TRUE abut Jeff Bezs’s New Shepard rcket?
A．Bezs wasn’t n bard.
B．It can fly t an altitude f 66 miles.
C．It’s the secnd time fr it t g int space.
D．There were furteen passengers in the space capsule.
19．What can we infer(推断) frm paragraph 3?
A．Wally Funk didn’t wait fr a lng time t fly in space.
B．Wally Funk gave up when she culdn’t fly t the space.
C．William Shatner was the ldest persn t fly in space.
D．Funk and Shatner flew in the same space capsule.
20．What’s the main idea f the passage?
A．The life in the space.B．Famus astrnauts.
C．Jeff Bezs’s flight int space.D．Ordinary peple’s flight int space.
（2023·广东清远·统考二模）A vide clip f a girl dancing at a prk stall in a village in Suthwest China’s Yunnan prvince went ppular nline. Many peple were mved by it. The 9-year-ld girl is Wu Gangyun. She lives in Nadu village f Yanshan cunty in Yunnan. She is ne f the students in the Clurful Clud Prgram that was started by Zhang Pang.
Zhang Ping has been teaching dancing fr 20 years in Beijing. In 2016, a pht f girls standing beside a brken wall in Nadu village impressed her. Chang decided t d smething t help the pr children change their lives. Later, she and her husband Guan Yu started a prgram called Clurful Clud Prgram. Every summer and winter vacatin, they cme t Nadu village t teach girls fr free. They als invite lcal teachers and vlunteers t teach them. In 2019, Zhang gave up her jb in Beijing, set up a training center in the village and put nearly all her savings int it.
In Octber 2019, Wu Gangyun and ther girls in the Clurful Clud Prgram perfrmed n the stage f CCTV. It was the first time fr them t take trains r planes, visit a big city and perfrm n the stage. Yuan and Zhang als tk them t visit Beijing Dance Academy. “I want t be a dancer in the future and I want t be a persn like teacher Zhang,” said Wu Gangyun.
Over the years, the Clurful Clud Prgram has helped 62 children frm 17 villages. Zhang hpes that the children she helped can help mre peple in the future.
21．What went ppular nline in Suthwest China’s Yunnan prvince?
A．A stry f a girl in a village.B．The Clurful Clud Prgram.
C．A reprt f Zhang Ping.D．A vide clip f a girl dancing at a prk stall in a village.
22．The underling wrd “impressed” means _______
A．tuchedB．allwedC．sharedD．planed
23．The underline wrd “them” refers t _______
A．Zhang Ping and the girlsB．The girls in the Nadu village
C．Zhang Ping and her husbandD．Zhang Ping and her friends
24．Which f the fllwing is true?
A．Zhang pang didn’t give up her jb in Beijing.
B．It’s free fr the girls t learn dancing in the Clurful Clud Prgram.
C．In Octber 2019, it was the first time fr the girls perfrmed n the stage f CCTV.
D．The Clurful Clud Prgram has helped 60 children.
25．The passage is mainly abut _______
A．the girls wh lve dancing in Nadu village
B．hw the Clurful Clud Prgram help the girls in Nadu village
C．the rules f the Clurful Clud Prgram
D．the difficulties f the Clurful Clud Prgram
（2023·广东阳江·统考一模）Gerge Stephensn was knwn as the Father f the Railway. He was the pineer f lcmtives (蒸汽机车), ne f the mst imprtant inventins in the 19th century.
Stephensn was brn in 1781 in Britain. His father made a little mney as a fireman in a lcal cal mine (煤矿) . That meant he had n mney fr his children’s schling. When he was Gerge tried t help his parents by ding farm wrk. He als wrked in the mine with his father when he was 14.
Stephensn knew the value f educatin. When he became an engineman (机师) at Water Rw Pit at 17 years ld, he paid t study at night. After a year, he knew hw t read, write, and d sme math. In 1811, Stephensn repaired a brken steam engine (蒸汽机) successfully and that was when he became a lcal expert n engines.
In 1814, Stephensn built Blucher, his first lcmtive. Later, he imprved it t give a greater pulling pwer. Fr the next five years, Stephensn built sixteen engines. His bss exalted him fr his wrk and asked him t build an 8-mile-lng railrad.
Wrking n this prject made Stephensn realize that he culd build railways. In 1821, Stephensn gt a cmpany t give him a prject t build a railway which cnnected the cal mines in tw different areas. He tld them that his Blucher lcmtive culd take the place f fifty hrses. On September 27, 1825, the first railway was built in Britain. Carrying 80 tns f gds, Blucher ran fr nine miles in tw hurs at a speed f 15 miles (24 km) per hur.
26．When did Stephensn knw hw t read and write?
A．At the age f 8.B．At the age f 14.
C．At the age f 17.D．At the age f 18.
27．What des the underlined wrd “exalt” in paragraph 4 mean?
A．punishB．hateC．praiseD．influence
28．Which may be true accrding t paragraph 5?
A．Blucher culd carry fifty hrses.
B．The first railway was built t carry cal.
C．Stephensn set up a new cmpany.
D．The first railway appeared befre Blucher.
29．Which is the right rder f Stephensn’s achievements?
① He built Blucher. ② He built the first railway in Britain.
③ He built an 8-mile-lng railrad. ④ He repaired a brken steam engine.
A．④-①-③-②B．④-③-①-②C．①-④-③-②D．①-③④②
30．What can be the best title fr the passage?
A．A Pineer f the Railway.
B．A Great Inventin in Histry.
C．The Success f the First Railway.
D．Past, Present and Future f Railways
（2023·广东河源·统考二模）A big sandstrm hit China in early April. It cvered many places in thick cluds f yellw dust, including Qinghai, Heilngjiang and Beijing. The dust even traveled t Shanghai and Jiangsu. Where did such a strng sandstrm cme and why?
It came frm the Gbi Desert areas f Mnglia. This year’s wind was very strng there. It is because the temperatures this spring are higher than befre. There was als little rain. S the land was dry and it was difficult fr plants t hld sand and dust.
China has been wrking fr many years t fight against sandstrms. In the 1970s, China started the Three-Nrth Shelter Frest Prgram. It planned t plant trees in nrthern China t stp sandstrms and imprve the envirnment. Mre than 66 billin trees have been planted s far.
But it als needs the effrt f many cuntries and internatinal cperatin. Fr example, abut 70 percent f the land in Mnglia is facing desertificatin(沙漠化). Sand in the cuntry has becme a surce(来源)f sandstrms in China and ther cuntries nearby.
Hw t prtect yurself in sandstrms:
☆Stay in a rm with the drs and windws clsed.
☆If yu’re utside, avid riding a bike. Cver yur face and wear special glasses.
☆Stay away frm trees if yu are utside.
☆G t the hspital if yu are cughing a lt.
☆Airprts, highways, and prts shuld be clsed.
31．What des the underlined wrd dust in Paragraph 1 mean?
A．Sand.B．Light.C．Fld.D．Rubbish.
32．Where was the big sandstrm in April frm?
A．Qinghai, Heilngjiang and Beijing.B．The Gbi Desert areas f Mnglia.
C．Shanghai and Jiangshu.D．The nrthern China.
33．Why did China set up the Three-Nrth Shelter Frest Prgram?
A．T save the endangered animals.B．T help t grw certain plants.
C．T get mre wd prducts.D．T prtect the envirnment.
34．If yu are walking utside, hw can yu prtect yurself when a sandstrm cmes?
A．By hiding behind a tree.B．By riding a bike hme.
C．By cvering face.D．By wearing a hat.
35．What is the main idea f the passage?
A．Hw t stp sandstrms and prtect yurself.
B．What makes sandstrms happen in the wrld.
C．Where the strng sandstrm in April came frm.
D．Why China has planted s many trees these years.
（2023·广东·一模）Friday, 19 August, 1768
With the help f Seamen Francis, Jhn and Samuel, I have managed t g abard Endeavur. He’s small, and his cmpany is ver 80 in number. It’s a wnder I have nt been discvered.
It’s a gd hiding place I’ve gt, in a small bat Endeavur carries. I can lk ver the bat withut being nticed. But it is difficult, lying day and night.
The wind blws the rpes against the deck(甲板), and the ship’s bell rings regularly. I thught it culd never be s nisy n a ship. But it is.
I’ve gt chickens as neighbrs. They cluck in cages day and night. I’m glad f their cmpany.
Captain Ck gathered the seamen and read the Articles f War alud. Captain is a clean man with cld eyes.
Sunday, 21 August
I had a stmachache again. I wish my father wuld cme abard and take me hme. I’m tired, wet and hungry. Father knws by my letter that I’ve run away frm the farm. But I believe he wuld nt cme. Father is s disillusined that he hasn’t talked with me fr several weeks. All my brthers are excellent students. Only I culd nt fcus n my studies. Father has n use fr a sn wh will nt learn well.
Thursday, 25 August
I shall be patient. Father thinks me hpeless when it sticks with a plan. He says I run frm everything. Well, I did run frm schl and the farm. But I had a gd excuse. Althugh hiding n the bat isn’t pleasant, I am better ff than I was with the farmers. I shall shw Father that I wn’t give up easily. That I am gd fr smething. That I am mre than a farmer’s by.
The rain has stpped. At last we set a sail. Nw there are new sunds t jin with the thers. The sea is waving, the flags are clapping, the seamen are singing ut. Fine sunds. Sailing sunds.
36．“He” in Paragraph 1 refers t ________.
A．FrancisB．JhnC．SamuelD．Endeavur
37．The writer missed his father when he ________.
A．lk ver the batB．had a stmachache
C．saw the captainD．gt chickens as neighbrs
38．The underlined wrd “disillusined” in Paragraph 6 means “________”.
A．disappintedB．excitedC．frightenedD．pleased
39．The writer sailed with the seamen because ________.
A．his father didn’t allw him t g sailing
B．he wanted his father t wrry abut him
C．he decided t shw he was a hpeful by
D．they asked him t escape frm hme
40．Frm the diaries, we can knw the writer was a(n) ________ persn.
A．seriusB．strangeC．prudD．independent
（2023·广东江门·校考二模）Gurds (葫芦) have a histry f 7,000 years in China. These special-shaped plants are used fr cking delicius dishes as well as making musical instruments. But tday we are talking abut the pyrgraphy craft (烙画工艺) n gurds.
The craft riginated during the Han Dynasty at first and entered its glden age during the Qing Dynasty. Many cities f China like Tianjin and Beijing are well-knwn fr such gurds. Take the craft frm Beijing as an example. As the family’s furth-generatin inheritr (继承人) f Beijing’s gurd-pyrgraphy craft, Niu Chenggu has been wrking hard n the craft fr abut 40 years. With his great lve fr beautiful things, Niu has kept imprving his art skills and created many wrks f art.
“When I was a little by, I was deeply tuched by the lively patterns (图案) n gurds which were created by my grandpa. I began studying hw t create the artwrks with the help f my grandpa when I was 11 years ld.” said Niu.
Niu’s effrts t create wnderful artwrks paid ff, as his artwrks sld well in many cuntries in Sutheast Asia, Eurpe and America. Many f his wrks have appeared in different cultural exchange (交流) activities. As a result, the gurd-pyrgraphy craft is becming mre ppular.
In 2021, Niu started t prvide a platfrm t help visitrs enjy the beauty f the gurd craft. “I just want t make the traditinal craft knwn and liked by mre peple,” Niu said.
41．What can gurds be used fr accrding t Paragraph 1?
A．Hlding dishes.B．Making music.C．Making huses.D．Creating artwrks.
42．What des the underlined wrd “riginated” mean in Paragraph 2?
A．returnedB．appearedC．spreadD．stpped
43．What des the third paragraph mainly talk abut?
A．Hw hard Niu learned the craft.
B．Hw Niu develped an interest in the craft.
C．Why Niu’s grandpa taught himself the craft.
D．What Niu has dne t imprve his artistic skills.
44．Which statement is TRUE accrding t the passage?
A．Niu’s wrks have an influence n cultural exchanges.
B．Niu’s wrks are nly ppular in mst Asian cuntries.
C．Niu’s wrks helped visitrs create their wn gurd artwrks.
D．Niu is a third-generatin inheritr f the craft in his family.
45．What is the main purpse (目的) f the passage?
A．T describe the develpment f the craft.
B．T intrduce an inheritr f a traditinal craft.
C．T help peple learn hw t make the craft ppular.
D．T encurage peple t pass n Chinese traditinal craft.
（2023·广东·一模）My 14-year-ld sn, Jhn, and I saw the cat at the same time in a secnd-hand clthing stre. It std ut amng big and ld cats. It was s beautiful and had an unbelievable price, $28. I lked at my sn and we bth said nthing, but Jhn’s eyes shne. Dark, wlen( 羊毛的) cats were ppular with teenage bys, but new nes culd cst several hundred dllars. This cat was even better. Jhn tried it n and turned frm side t side, eyeing himself in the mirrr. It fit him s well.
Jhn wre the cat t schl the next day. After he came hme, I asked, “Did the kids like yur cat?”
“They lve it!” he said with a big grin.
Over the next few weeks, Jhn changed. He was plite, mre thughtful, and much happier. “Gd dinner, Mm,” he wuld say it every evening. Withut a wrd f cmplaining, he wuld carry in wd fr the stve(炉子). One day when I suggested that he might start n his hmewrk befre dinner, Jhn, wh always put things ff, said, “Yu’re right. I guess I will.” When I mentined this change t ne f his teachers, she jked that the cat must have changed him.
Jhn and I bth knw we shuld never judge(判断) a persn by his clthes. But it is true that when wearing beautiful and suitable clthes, we may try t be better in thught, speech and behavir t match what is n the inside t what is n the utside.
46．Frm the first paragraph, we can learn that ________.
A．the price f the cat was t highB．Jhn liked the cat very much
C．they ften went shpping tgetherD．the writer didn’t want t buy the cat
47．The underlined wrd “grin” means ________.
A．a wide smileB．a wrried lkC．an upset viceD．an angry md
48．Jhn used t ________ when he was asked t study.
A．start at nceB．put ff his hmewrk
C．wrk hard n schlwrkD．carry in wd fr the stve
49．Which f the fllwing changes did NOT happen t Jhn after he wre the cat?
A．He was willing t fllw suggestins.
B．He ften helped t d sme husewrk.
C．He always cmplained abut his study.
D．He said sweet wrds t make his mther happy.
50．The writer wants t tell us that ________ thrugh this passage.
A．what we wear culd help what we are
B．teenagers need t be plite and thughtful
C．life is full f pssibilities when we are yung
D．it’s a gd chice t try different things in ur lives
参考答案：
1．B 2．A 3．B 4．C 5．D
【分析】本文介绍杰里是世界著名的登山运动员，他想把自己的冒险变成对世界有帮助的事情，他和团队帮助科学家们了解了植物如何在极端条件下生存，在冒险的同时做了更伟大的事。
1．段落大意题。分析第一段内容可知，本段主要介绍杰里的一些成就，故选B。
2．词句猜测题。根据“Althugh Jerry had achieved great success, he didn’t feel fulfilled.”以及“Is it enugh t climb the highest muntains? Am I ding smething helpful? Hw can I turn my adventures int smething that can help the wrld?”可知，虽然杰里已经获得了巨大的成功，但是他没有感到满足，此处fulfilled的意思是“满足，满意”，故选A。
3．细节理解题。根据“He set up a team f tp adventures t cllect samples fr scientists.”可知，他组建了一支顶级探险团队，为科学家们收集样本。故选B。
4．细节理解题。根据“Such adventures had made us see life in a different way.”可知，这样的冒险让我们以不同的方式看待生活。故选C。
5．最佳标题题。本文主要介绍杰里是世界著名的登山运动员，他想把自己的冒险变成对世界有帮助的事情，他和团队帮助科学家们了解了植物如何在极端条件下生存，在冒险的同时做了更伟大的事，选项D“冒险变成了更伟大的事情”符合主题，故选D。
6．C 7．A 8．A 9．B 10．D
【分析】本文主要介绍了一个12岁的美国女孩Madisn Checketts为了减少塑料垃圾而发明的可食用水瓶的故事。
6．细节理解题。根据第一段“Hwever, nly abut 9% f them are recycled and mst f them end up in landfills, the cean r elsewhere in nature.”可知，只有约9%的塑料瓶被回收。故选C。
7．段落大意题。根据第二段“When beach-lving Madisn Checketts nticed that many plastic bttles plluted the sand during her family trip t Califrnia, the 12-year-ld American girl realized that this needed t be changed.S fr her schl science prject, she decided t fcus n reducing plastic litter.”可知，第二段主要内容是Madisn Checketts做这个项目的原因。故选A。
8．细节理解题。根据第二段“When beach-lving Madisn Checketts nticed that many plastic bttles plluted the sand during her family trip t Califrnia, the 12-year-ld American girl realized that this needed t be changed.S fr her schl science prject, she decided t fcus n reducing plastic litter.”可知，在她的家庭旅行时产生了设计一个可食用水瓶的想法。故选A。
9．词义猜测题。根据第四段“Based n the past research, she imprved the methd and made her bttles bigger and able t last fr a lnger time.”可知，这里指从以前的研究中学习，所以“previus” 的意思为”过去”。故选B。
10．最佳标题题。根据全文可知本文主要介绍了一个12岁的美国女孩Madisn Checketts为了减少塑料垃圾而发明的可食用水瓶。故最佳标题为“可食水瓶”。故选D。
11．C 12．D 13．A 14．D 15．C
【分析】本文通过老师演示的实物操作活动揭示生命中重要事物的顺序。
11．细节理解题。根据“He filled the jar with glf balls until he culd put n mre.”和“The teacher then picked up a bx f small pebbles(卵石) and pured them int the jar with the glf balls.”及“Nw the teacher picked up a bag f sand and pured it int the jar.”可知，老师第三次放入玻璃瓶中的是沙子。故选C。
12．细节理解题。根据“The pebbles represent the ther things in life, such as yur jb, huse and car.”可知，卵石代表人们的工作。故选D。
13．推理判断题。通读全文并根据“If yu put the sand in first there is n rm fr the pebbles r glf balls. The same ges fr life. If yu spend all f yur time n the small things, yu will never have rm fr the things that are mst imprtant.”可知，glf balls代表生活中重要的事情，而生活应当为重要的事情留有足够的空间。故选A。
14．词义猜想题。根据“I want yu t knw that this jar represents yur life...”和“The glf balls represent the imprtant things...”可知，老师想让学生明白，这个玻璃瓶代表生活，高尔夫球代表重要的事情，卵石代表生命中的其他事，沙子代表每一件小事。所以represents意为“代表”，相当于stands fr。故选D。
15．主旨大意题。通读全文并根据“If yu put the sand in first there is n rm fr the pebbles r glf balls. The same ges fr life. If yu spend all f yur time n the small things, yu will never have rm fr the things that are mst imprtant.”可知，文章通过老师演示的实物操作活动揭示生命中重要事物的顺序。故选C。
16．C 17．A 18．B 19．C 20．D
【分析】本文主要讲述了在过去只有专业的宇航员才有机会进入太空，而自从2021年以来，几家太空旅游公司成功地将普通人送入了太空。
16．细节理解题。根据“Its spaceship, called VSS Unity, tk fur passengers and tw pilts n a trip t space”可知，一共搭载六个人，故选C。
17．词句猜测题。根据“They experienced weightlessness and saw the Earth frm abve”及常识可知，在太空中会感受到失重的感觉，所以划线单词与“Withut any weight”同义，故选A。
18．细节理解题。根据“They flew up t an altitude f 66 miles”可知，他们飞到66英里的高空，故选B。
19．推理判断题。根据“Funk became the ldest persn t fly in space. But the recrd was brken by a 90-year-ld actr William Shatner.”可知，William Shatner是在太空飞行中年龄最大的人，故选C。
20．主旨大意题。根据“That has all changed since 2021. A few space turism cmpanies successfully tk rdinary peple int space.”可知，本文主要介绍了从2021年以来几家太空旅游公司成功地将普通人送入了太空的事情，故选D。
21．D 22．A 23．B 24．B 25．B
【分析】本文 介绍了一个具有跳舞天赋的小女孩和帮助云南县城孩子们的张萍老师的故事。
21．细节理解题。根据“A vide clip f a girl dancing at a prk stall in a village in Suthwest China’s Yunnan prvince went ppular nline.”可知一段女孩在猪肉摊前跳舞的视频在网上走红。故选D。
22．词义推断题。根据“In 2016, a pht f girls standing beside a brken wall in Nadu village impressed her. Chang decided t d smething t help the pr children change their lives.”可知猪肉摊前面的小女孩让张萍印象深刻，所以决定帮助他们，impress与tuch同义。故选A。
23．词义推断题。根据“Every summer and winter vacatin, they cme t Nadu village t teach girls fr free.”可知them指代上一句中的女孩们。故选B。
24．细节理解题。根据“Later, she and her husband Guan Yu started a prgram called Clurful Clud Prgram. Every summer and winter vacatin, they cme t Nadu village t teach girls fr free.”可知女孩们学习跳舞是免费的。故选B。
25．主旨大意题。本文介绍了女孩在猪头摊前跳舞的视频，感动了张萍，然后她建立了Clurful Clud Prgram组织，来帮助山村女孩跳舞。故选B。
26．D 27．C 28．B 29．A 30．A
【分析】本文主要介绍了“铁路之父”——Gerge Stephensn。
26．细节理解题。根据“When he became an engineman (机师) at Water Rw Pit at 17 years ld, he paid t study at night. After a year, he knew hw t read, write, and d sme math.”可知，Stephensn在18岁时知道如何读写。故选D。
27．词句猜测题。根据“Fr the next five years, Stephensn built sixteen engines.”可知，五年的时间，Stephensn建造了16台发动机；再根据“... asked him t build an 8-mile-lng railrad.”可知，老板为了奖励Stephensn杰出的工作，叫他修一条八英里长的铁路。因此“exalt”的含义是“奖励”。故选C。
28．推理判断题。根据“In 1821, Stephensn gt a cmpany t give him a prject t build a railway which cnnected the cal mines in tw different areas.”可知，铁路连接两个不同地区煤矿；由此推知第一条铁路是用来运煤的。故选B。
29．细节理解题。根据“ In 1811, Stephensn repaired a brken steam engine (蒸汽机) successfully ...”可知，首先是Stephensn在1811年成功地修好了一台坏的蒸汽机，即④，排除CD选项；再根据“In 1814, Stephensn built Blucher, his first lcmtive.”可知，其次是Stephensn建造了第一台蒸汽机车Blucher，即①，排除B选项。故选A。
30．最佳标题题。根据“Gerge Stephensn was knwn as the Father f the Railway.”及全文可知，本文主要介绍了“铁路之父”——Gerge Stephensn；因此A选项“铁路的先驱”为最佳标题。故选A。
31．A 32．B 33．D 34．C 35．A
【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。讲述了四月初一场大沙尘暴袭击了中国大部分地区，从而引出了人们对沙尘暴的来源探究和国家上世纪70年代开始通过植树等方式来抵抗沙尘暴，从而也给出了“在沙尘暴中如何保护自己”的一些建议。
31．词句猜测题。根据“The dust even traveled …such a strng sandstrm cme and why?”和“S the land was dry and it was difficult fr plants t hld sand and dust.”可知，干燥的土地上植物很难容纳沙尘，可推测沙尘暴的形成与沙土有关。故选A。
32．细节理解题。根据“It came frm the Gbi Desert areas f Mnglia.”可知，四月份的沙尘暴来自蒙古戈壁沙漠地区。故选B。
33．细节理解题。根据“China started the Three-Nrth Shelter Frest Prgram. It planned t plant trees in nrthern China t stp sandstrms and imprve the envirnment. ”可知，中国启动三北防护林工程是为了保护环境。故选D。
34．细节理解题。根据“If yu’re utside, avid riding a bike. Cver yur face and wear special glasses.”可知，在户外应把脸遮住。故选C。
35．推理判断题。全文讲述了引起沙尘暴的起因、国家对此采取的抵抗沙尘暴的措施和当沙尘暴来临时我们应该如何保护自己。选项A“如何阻止沙尘暴，保护自己”符合语境。故选A。
36．D 37．B 38．A 39．C 40．D
【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。主要通过作者的日记讲述了登上“奋力号”发生的事情以及由此引起与父亲之间关系的事情。
36．推理判断题。根据“I have managed t g abard Endeavur”和“It’s a wnder I have nt been discvered.”可知，上文说我终于登上了“奋力号”以及下文“我还没被发现真是个奇迹。”可推测，这里“He”指的是“Endeavur”。故选D。
37．细节理解题。根据“I had a stmachache again. I wish my father wuld cme abard and take me hme.”可知，作者胃痛的时候想到了父亲。故选B。
38．词义猜测题。根据“Father is s disillusined that he hasn’t talked with me fr several weeks.”可知，这里说父亲已经好几个星期没和作者说话了，可推测上文是父亲很失望。故选A。
39．推理判断题。根据“I shall be patient. Father thinks me hpeless when it sticks with a plan. He says I run frm everything. Well, I did run frm schl and the farm.”以及“I shall shw Father that I wn’t give up easily. That I am gd fr smething. That I am mre than a farmer’s by.”可知，作者的父亲认为他没有希望了，说他逃避一切，为了向父亲证明自己不会轻易放弃的，因此与水手们一起航行。故选C。
40．细节理解题。根据“I shall shw Father that I wn’t give up easily. That I am gd fr smething. That I am mre than a farmer’s by.”可知，此处作者向父亲表明他是不会轻易放弃的。他不仅仅是一个农民的孩子。可知作者是一个很独立的人。故选D。
41．D 42．B 43．B 44．A 45．B
【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述葫芦烙画工艺的传承与发展。
41．细节理解题。根据“These special-shaped plants are used fr cking delicius dishes as well as making musical instruments”以及“we are talking abut the pyrgraphy craft (烙画工艺) n gurds”可知，葫芦可以用来烹饪美味的菜肴、制作乐器以及制作工艺品。故选D。
42．词义猜测题。根据“The craft riginated during the Han Dynasty and entered its glden age during the Qing Dynasty”可知，本句讲述工艺的发展，这种工艺最初起源于汉代，在清朝进入黄金时代。划线部分意为“起源于”，指这种工艺的出现时间，与B选项appeared所表含义相近。故选B。
43．段落大意题。根据“When I was a little by, I was deeply tuched by the lively patterns n began studying hw t create the artwrks under my grandpa”可知，本段描写Niu小时候在祖父影响下对烙画工艺产生兴趣并学习创造的事情。故选B。
44．细节理解题。根据“Many f his wrks have appeared in different cultural exchange activities”可知，Niu的艺术作品出现在不同文化交流活动中，促进了文化的交流。故选A。
45．目的意图题。纵观全文，第一段引出葫芦烙画工艺这一话题，第二段开始介绍Niu是这一工艺的第四代继承人，接下来讲述Niu对这一工艺兴趣的萌芽、努力创作、作品大受欢迎以及提供平台传播这一工艺，因此这篇文章主要介绍了传统葫芦烙画工艺的继承者。故选B。
46．B 47．A 48．B 49．C 50．A
【分析】本文讲述了作者在二手服装店内为儿子买到了一件流行且价格特别优惠的外套，恰恰是这件外套让儿子在行为和脾气上发生了变化，成为一个文明礼貌、有思想和更快乐的男孩子。
46．细节理解题。根据“I lked at my sn and we bth said nthing, but Jhn’s eyes shne. Dark, wlen( 羊毛的) cats were ppular with teenage bys”可知，约翰非常喜欢这件外套。故选B。
47．词义猜测题。根据“They lve it!”可知，约翰的衣服受到同学们的喜爱。结合选项可知儿子应是高兴的，会咧嘴笑，grin意为“a wide smile”。故选A。
48．细节理解题。根据“wh always put things ff”可知，过去当约翰被要求学习时，他总是推迟做家庭作业。故选B。
49．细节理解题。根据“Over the next few weeks, Jhn changed. He was plite, mre thughtful, and much happier.”及第四段全段内容可知，约翰穿上那件外套后变得说话有礼貌、主动为炉子添柴、接受作者的建议晚饭前做作业，而没有提及他抱怨学习。故选C。
50．推理判断题。通读全文可知，约翰穿了一件自己喜欢的衣服上学后有了全新的改变。这件事告诉我们，我们的穿着可以帮助我们成为什么样的人。故选A。