新教材（通用版）高考英语二轮复习考点分类练(一)细节理解题——直接信息类含答案

这是一份新教材（通用版）高考英语二轮复习考点分类练(一)细节理解题——直接信息类含答案，共8页。
PRACTITIONERS
Jacqueline Felice de Almania(c.1322) highlights the suspicin that wmen practicing medicine faced. Brn t a Jewish family in Flrence, she mved t Paris where she wrked as a physician and perfrmed surgery. In 1322 she was tried fr practicing unlawfully. In spite f the curt hearing testimnials(证明)f her ability as a dctr, she was banned frm medicine.
Tan Yunxian(1461-1554) was a Chinese physician wh learned her skills frm her grandparents. Chinese wmen at the time culd nt serve apprenticeships(学徒期) with dctrs. Hwever, Tan passed the fficial exam. Tan treated wmen frm all walks f life. In 1511, Tan wrte a bk, Sayings f a Female Dctr, describing her life as a physician.
James Barry(c. 1789-1865) was brn Margaret Bulkley in Ireland but, dressed as a man, she was accepted by Edinburgh University t study medicine. She qualified as a surgen in 1813, and then jined the British Army, serving verseas. Barry retired in 1859, having practiced her entire medical prfessin living and wrking as a man.
Rebecca Lee Crumpler(1831-1895) wrked as a nurse fr eight years befre studying in medical cllege in Bstn in 1860. Fur years later, she was the first African American wman t receive a medical degree. She mved t Virginia in 1865, where she prvided medical care t freed slaves.
1.What did Jacqueline and James have in cmmn?
A.Ding teaching jbs.
B.Being hired as physicians.
C.Perfrming surgery.
D.Being banned frm medicine.
2.Hw was Tan Yunxian different frm the ther practitiners?
A.She wrte a bk.
B.She went thrugh trials.
C.She wrked as a dentist.
D.She had frmal educatin.
3.Wh was the first African American with a medical degree?
A.Jacqueline Felice de Almania.
B.Tan Yunxian.
C.James Barry.
D.Rebecca Lee Crumpler.
B
(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)
Like mst f us, I try t be mindful f fd that ges t waste. The arugula(芝麻菜) was t make a nice green salad, runding ut a rast chicken dinner. But I ended up wrking late. Then friends called with a dinner invitatin. I stuck the chicken in the freezer. But as days passed, the arugula went bad. Even wrse, I had unthinkingly bught way t much;I culd have made six salads with what I threw ut.
In a wrld where nearly 800 millin peple a year g hungry, “fd waste ges against the mral grain, ” as Elizabeth Ryte writes in this mnth’s cver stry. It’s jaw-drpping hw much perfectly gd fd is thrwn away—frm “ugly” (but quite eatable) vegetables rejected by grcers t large amunts f uneaten dishes thrwn int restaurant garbage cans.
Prducing fd that n ne eats wastes the water, fuel, and ther resurces used t grw it. That makes fd waste an envirnmental prblem. In fact, Ryte writes, “if fd waste were a cuntry, it wuld be the third largest prducer f greenhuse gases in the wrld. ”
If that’s hard t understand, let’s keep it as simple as the arugula at the back f my refrigeratr. Mike Curtin sees my arugula stry all the time—but fr him, it’s mre like 12 bxes f dnated strawberries nearing their last days. Curtin is CEO f DC Central Kitchen in Washingtn, D.C., which recvers fd and turns it int healthy meals. Last year it recvered mre than 807, 500 punds f fd by taking dnatins and cllecting blemished(有瑕疵的) prduce that therwise wuld have rtted in fields. And the strawberries?Vlunteers will wash, cut, and freeze r dry them fr use in meals dwn the rad.
Such methds seem bvius, yet s ften we just dn’t think. “Everyne can play a part in reducing waste, whether by nt purchasing mre fd than necessary in yur weekly shpping r by asking restaurants t nt include the side dish yu wn’t eat, ” Curtin says.
4.What des the authr want t shw by telling the arugula stry?
A.We pay little attentin t fd waste.
B.We waste fd unintentinally at times.
C.We waste mre vegetables than meat.
D.We have gd reasns fr wasting fd.
5.What is a cnsequence f fd waste accrding t the text?
A.Mral decline.
B.Envirnmental harm.
C.Energy shrtage.
D.Wrldwide starvatin.
6.What des Curtin’s cmpany d?
A.It prduces kitchen equipment.
B.It turns rtten arugula int clean fuel.
C.It helps lcal farmers grw fruits.
D.It makes meals ut f unwanted fd.
7.What des Curtin suggest peple d?
A.Buy nly what is needed.
B.Reduce fd cnsumptin.
C.G shpping nce a week.
D.Eat in restaurants less ften.
C
Different frm a text-heavy nvel, cffee table bks ffer large images and smaller sectins f the text, allwing us t easily dive in and explre.
The Metrplitan Museum f Art: Masterpiece Paintings by Kathryn Calley Galitz
If yu’re unable t wander alng the crridrs f this wrld-famus museum yurself, dn’t panic; this bk ffers an impressive insight int sme f the masterpieces hused here. Amazing images will attract the casual readers, while insights frm Galitz, curatr(馆长) f the museum, int different pieces are set t engage art and histry lvers alike.
Destinatins f a Lifetime: 225 f the Wrld’s Mst Amazing Places by Natinal Gegraphic
With large, striking phts, a mere glance thrugh this bk will fuel the urge t travel. Besides a few f the ht places, there are plenty f destinatins yu may nt have heard f. Alngside images f dramatic landscapes, accmpanying text reveals highlights at each spt and handy tips n experiencing them like a lcal.
The Secret Gardeners by Victria Summerley
When peple are thinking f sme f Britain’s mst famus names, their busy lifestyles prbably spring t mind. But, away frm the public eye, these individuals are just like us, and lve nthing mre than spending hurs in their gardens. The pages f this beautiful bk share fantastic images frm the gardens f 25 well-knwn persnalities.
The Stry f Fd: An Illustrated Histry f Everything We Eat by DK
The rigins and facts f different ingredients are included in this bk, alng with explratins int the develpment f cking ver the ages. The bk is mre text-heavy, but dn’t let that put yu ff; there are still plenty f beautiful phts and vivid illustratins thrughut.
8.Which f the fllwing bks includes pinins frm an expert?
A.The Secret Gardeners.
B.The Stry f Fd.
C.Destinatins f a Lifetime.
D.The Metrplitan Museum f Art.
9.What des Victria write abut?
A.Histry f cking.
B.Tips n travelling cheaply.
C.Lifestyles f persnalities.
D.Private gardens in Britain.
10.What makes The Stry f Fd different?
A.It cntains bigger sectins f wrds.
B.It prvides data peple never heard f.
C.It appeals t casual readers and specialists.
D.It shares sme fantastic images.
考点分类练(一) 细节理解题——直接信息类
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了四位医学界从业人员的基本情况。
1.C 解析 细节理解题。根据Jacqueline介绍中的“ she wrked as a physician and perfrmed surgery.”以及James介绍中的“She qualified as a surgen in 1813...”可知, 她们两人的共同之处是都可以做外科手术。故选C项。
2.A 解析 细节理解题。根据Tan Yunxian介绍中的最后一句“In 1511, Tan wrte a bk, Sayings f a Female Dctr, describing her life as a physician. ”可知, 她写了一本书。其余三人的介绍中都没有提到写过书。故选A项。
3.D 解析 细节理解题。根据Rebecca Lee Crumpler介绍中的“Fur years later, she was the first African American wman t receive a medical degree. ”可知, 她是第一位获得医学学位的非裔美国女性。故选D项。
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。作者通过自己浪费芝麻菜的例子引出食物浪费的话题, 进而呼吁我们减少食物浪费。
4.B 解析 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Then friends called with a dinner invitatin. I stuck the chicken in the freezer. But as days passed, the arugula went bad. ”可知, 朋友邀请作者就餐, 作者把鸡肉放进冰柜里, 但随着日子一天天过去, 芝麻菜变坏了。由此猜测, 作者提到芝麻菜是为了说明有时我们会无意识地浪费食物。故选B项。
5.B 解析 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“That makes fd waste an envirnmental prblem.”和“‘ wuld be the third largest prducer f greenhuse gases in the wrld.’”可知, 食物浪费会造成环境危害。故选B项。
6.D 解析 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Curtin is CEO f DC Central Kitchen in Washingtn, D.C., which recvers fd and turns it int healthy meals.”可知, 该公司回收食物并把它制成更健康的食物。故选D项。
7.A 解析 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“ by nt purchasing mre fd than necessary in yur weekly shpping ...”可知, Curtin建议我们只购买需要的东西。故选A项。
【语篇导读】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四本适合休闲时光阅读的书籍。
8.D 解析 细节理解题。根据The Metrplitan Museum f Art: Masterpiece Paintings by Kathryn Calley Galitz部分的最后一句可知, 博物馆馆长Galitz对不同作品的见解会吸引那些艺术和历史爱好者。由此推知, The Metrplitan Museum f Art这本书里有专家的观点。故选D项。
9.D 解析 细节理解题。根据The Secret Gardeners by Victria Summerley部分的最后一句可知, 这本图书的页面分享了来自25位名人的花园的精彩图片。由此可知, Victria 在书中介绍了英国的一些私家花园。故选D项。
10.A 解析 细节理解题。根据最后一段的 “The bk is mre text-heavy, but dn’t let that put yu ff; there are still plenty f beautiful phts and vivid illustratins thrughut.” 可知, 这本书有更多的文字内容, 但全书仍然有很多漂亮的照片和生动的插图。由此推知, The Stry f Fd这本书的特别之处在于它包含更多的文字。故选A项。