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新教材（通用版）高考英语二轮复习考点分类练(十一)词句猜测题——代词指代类含答案
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这是一份新教材（通用版）高考英语二轮复习考点分类练(十一)词句猜测题——代词指代类含答案，共8页。
Several years ag, when smene used camera cvers t prtect against pssible mnitring, it was nt ppular t talk abut it. Tday, peple use varius types f tapes t cver the web cameras and micrphnes.
There are many types f spyware that can dive int ur devices and secretly spy n them, recrding everything they d. Such prgrammes may infect nt nly cmputers but als smartphnes. Yur data may be used by hackers wh will try t request mney fr nt expsing yur private infrmatin r by cmpanies like NSO Grup wh created a kind f spyware t “prvide authrised gvernments with technlgy that helps struggle against terrr and crime”.
In my pinin, the prtectin technique is highly verestimated. Users tape the cameras and micrphnes thrugh lack f understanding f hw their devices wrk and hw the malware(恶意软件) wrks. Hackers and even secret services d nt have enugh resurces t mnitr all victims using the cameras r micrphnes. If they need t get any infrmatin, they get it by sending a targeted virus t yur device, which will nt be stpped by the tapes. Such a virus will find what t steal—frm persnal phts and vides t passwrds frm scial netwrks, brwser histry, bank accunts and s n.
It is unwise t believe that attackers will nt be able t find a way t spy n yu, even if the device, discharged t zer, can still deliver data abut yur lcatin, using the smartphnes f the surrunding peple as signal repeaters. Let us face it: we live in an era when it is extremely difficult t hide smething and a piece f tape is clearly nt the mst useful tl in the struggle fr yur privacy.
Again, t be able t spy n yu, attackers need t plant the malware in yur device. T prevent the malware frm entering yur device, d nt click suspected links and email attachments. Use strng passwrds fr email, scial media and nline bank accunts.
1.What des the underlined wrd “them” in paragraph 2 refer t?
A.Cameras. B.Types.
C.Prgrammes.D.Devices.
2.What is NSO Grup?
A.A grup f hackers.
B.A cmpany develping spyware.
C.A grup f terrrists and criminals.
D.A cmpany fighting against crime.
3.Why des the authr think “the prtectin technique is highly verestimated”?
A.Peple knw little abut their devices.
B.Hackers have n access t thers.
C.It hardly prevents the malware frm getting privacy.
D.It can’t cver the cameras cmpletely.
B
Ever since she received a little ty airliner as a birthday gift, Kate has been attracted by flight. Frm flying remte-cntrlled airplanes t building her wn mdel nes, Kate has always cnsidered flying a plane ne f her passins, but nly until recently has she been able t take that t new heights.
When Kate heard abut the Upwind Schlarship frm her schl cunselr, she knew it was an extrardinary pprtunity t realise her dream. The prgramme’s missin is t prvide all the training necessary t btain a private pilt’s license (PPL) fr students in between their junir and senir year f high schl free f charge.
After cmpleting a lengthy applicatin and her subsequent acceptance int the prgramme, Kate began her training last spring. Nrmally, recipients f the schlarship wuld attend grund schl in persn where they learn the fundamentals f flying. Due t the pandemic, hwever, Kate spent hurs each weekend studying nline lessns in her rm whenever she gt a break frm hmewrk. Once summer came arund, Kate and three peers put in tw straight weeks f grund schl, reviewing flight training frm nine t five every day.“It was the tughest part f the prgramme,” Kate said.
After cmpleting that prtin f grund schl, Kate was finally able t begin flying at the San Carls Airprt with the ther schlarship recipients frm arund the Bay Area. Flying, especially fr first-timers like Kate, is a hands-n prcess invlving lts f checklists t make sure the imprtant tasks are being taken care f.
Nw, having finished the prgramme and earned her PPL, Kate plans n training as a flight instructr and hpes t becme an airline pilt in her future.
She credits the Upwind Schlarship t all she’s been able t accmplish s far and hpes that anyne wh shares her passin will lk int it.“It is a very hard schlarship t win, and yu have t be truly interested in flight,” Kate said.“It can’t be smething like ‘Oh, why dn’t I try flying this summer?’ Yu have t be ready t d a lt f wrk and put effrt int succeeding in the prgramme.”
4.What des the underlined wrd “that” in paragraph 1 refer t?
A.Her skill f building mdel airplanes.
B.Her wish t travel arund the wrld.
C.Her childhd dream f becming a pilt.
D.Her desire t fly remte-cntrlled airplanes.
5.What is the gal f the Upwind Schlarship?
A.T help students in need t achieve their dreams.
B.T prvide necessary training fr private pilts fr free.
C.T give students expert advice n earning a schlarship.
D.T prepare high schl students t becme a private pilt.
6.What did Kate d in grund schl?
A.She tk nline lessns n flying.
B.She went ver the fundamentals f flying.
C.She did sme research int the pandemic.
D.She finished applying fr the prgramme.
7.Which f the fllwing best describes Kate?
A.Cnfident and aggressive.
B.Strng-willed and patient.
C.Demanding and curageus.
D.Ambitius and hard-wrking.
C
(2021·河北秦皇岛二模)
Every fur r five years, vast quantities f warm water build up alng the west cast f Suth America. This phenmenn, El Niñ, creates strms that cause destructive flds. The result is cstly.
Mdern farmers cme t terms with El Niñ. They use mney saved in gd years t rebuild in bad nes. But histry suggests it need nt be like that. In a paper published recently, Ari Caramanica, an archaelgist in Lima, shws hw it used t be dne. And the answer seems t be “better”.
Dr Caramanica and her clleagues have been studying the Pampa de Mcan, a castal desert plain in nrthern Peru. It is nt suitable fr farming. Its sil cntains little rganic matter and the annual rainfall in nn-Niñ years is usually less than tw centimetres. Tday’s farmers therefre depend n canals t carry water frm lcal rivers t their fields.
It had been assumed that ancient farmers had a similar arrangement—and s they did. But Dr Caramanica als fund eight canals that culd carry water far beynd the range f mdern farms. She thught that they were intended t guide the fldwaters arriving during Niñ years. Arund a quarter f the ancient agricultural infrastructure f this area seemed t have been built nly fr managing Niñ-generated fldwaters.
Evidence frm pllen supprts this thery, revealing that the Pampa de Mcan prduced lts f crps in sme years, while remaining nearly barren in thers. The team als uncvered tw cisterns(蓄水箱) in the area serviced by the extended canals. These, prbably, were used t stre extra fldwaters.
These findings suggest that, rather than resisting El Niñ, early farmers in the Pampa de Mcan were ready t make use f it when it arrived. Mdern farmers might d well t learn frm them.
8.What des the recent study fcus n?
A.Living with El Niñ.
B.Effects f El Niñ.
C.Farming in the desert.
D.Water shrtage in Peru.
9.What des the underlined wrd “they” in paragraph 4 refer t?
A.Ancient farmers.B.Rivers.
C.Farms.D.Canals.
10.What lessn can be learned frm early farmers?
A.Every advantage has its disadvantage.
B.In every difficulty lies an pprtunity.
C.Sharp tls make gd wrk.
D.It’s never t late t mend.
11.In which sectin f a website may this text appear?
A.Educatin.B.Travel.
C.Business.D.Science.
考点分类练(十一) 词句猜测题——代词指代类
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述的是如何保护我们设备上的隐私。
1.D 解析 代词指代题。根据第二段的 “There are many types f spyware that can dive int ur devices and secretly spy n them, recrding everything they d.” 可知, 有许多类型的间谍软件可以潜入我们的设备并秘密监视它们, 记录它们所做的一切。由此推知, 画线词them指代的是前面提到的devices。故选D项。
2.B 解析 推理判断题。根据第二段的 “... by cmpanies like NSO Grup wh created a kind f spyware t ‘prvide authrised gvernments with technlgy that helps struggle against terrr and crime’.” 可知, 这些公司研发某种间谍软件, 为所授权的政府提供有助于打击恐怖行动和犯罪的科技。故选B项。
3.C 解析 推理判断题。由题干信息可定位到文章第三段的首句, 且根据第三段的 “If they need t get any infrmatin, they get it by sending a targeted virus t yur device, which will nt be stpped by the tapes. Such a virus will find what t steal—frm persnal phts and vides t passwrds frm scial netwrks, brwser histry, bank accunts and s n.” 可知, 这种保护技术很难阻止恶意软件获取隐私。故选C项。
【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了凯特从小就爱好飞行, 以及她为了实现成为一名飞行员的梦想所做出的努力。
4.C 解析 代词指代题。根据画线词前一句提到的Kate has always cnsidered flying a plane ne f her passins和第二段开头提到的it was an extrardinary pprtunity t realise her dream可知, 凯特从小就爱好飞行, 驾驶飞机是她的梦想。由此推测, that指代 “她想成为一名飞行员的梦想”。故选C项。
5.D 解析 细节理解题。根据第二段的 “The prgramme’s missin is t prvide all the training necessary t btain a private pilt’s license (PPL) fr students in between their junir and senir year f high schl free f charge.” 可知, 它的目标是让想成为私人飞行员的高中生做好相应的准备。故选D项。
6.B 解析 细节理解题。根据第三段的 “... recipients f the schlarship wuld attend grund schl in persn where they learn the fundamentals f flying.” 和 “... Kate and three peers put in tw straight weeks f grund schl, reviewing flight training...” 可知, 凯特在地面学校回顾飞行的基础知识。故选B项。
7.D 解析 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的内容可推断, 凯特很有志向; 再根据最后一段中凯特所说的话 “It is a very hard schlarship t win, and yu have t be truly interested in flight ... Yu have t be ready t d a lt f wrk and put effrt int succeeding in the prgramme.” 可知, 凯特为了获得奖学金很努力。由此推断, 凯特很有雄心壮志, 而且为了梦想非常努力。故选D项。
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。在最近发表的一篇论文中, 一位考古学家展示了过去的农民是如何利用厄尔尼诺现象来帮助农业生产的, 文章介绍了这一研究开展的过程以及发现。
8.A 解析 细节理解题。根据第二段的 “Mdern farmers cme t terms with El Niñ ... In a paper published recently ... shws hw it used t be dne. And the answer seems t be ‘better’.” 可知, 最近的研究重点是与厄尔尼诺现象共存。故选A项。
9.D 解析 代词指代题。根据画线词前一句 “But Dr Caramanica als fund eight canals that culd carry water far beynd the range f mdern farms.” 以及后面的“ intended t guide the fldwaters arriving during Niñ years.”可知, Caramanica博士认为上文提到的八条运河是为了引洪。由此推知, they指代的是 “运河”。故选D项。
10.B 解析 推理判断题。根据最后一段的 “These findings suggest that, rather than resisting El Niñ, early farmers in the Pampa de Mcan were ready t make use f it when it arrived.” 可知, 当厄尔尼诺现象到来时, 早期农民并没有进行抵制, 而是做好了利用它的准备。由此推知, 我们可以从早期农民那里学到 “每一个困难中都蕴藏着机会” 这一道理。故选B项。
11.D 解析 推理判断题。通读文章可知, 在最近发表的一篇论文中, 一位考古学家展示了过去的农民是如何利用厄尔尼诺现象来帮助农业生产的, 而文章正是介绍了这一研究开展的过程以及发现。由此推知, 文章可能选自网站的 “科学” 版面。故选D项。
Several years ag, when smene used camera cvers t prtect against pssible mnitring, it was nt ppular t talk abut it. Tday, peple use varius types f tapes t cver the web cameras and micrphnes.
There are many types f spyware that can dive int ur devices and secretly spy n them, recrding everything they d. Such prgrammes may infect nt nly cmputers but als smartphnes. Yur data may be used by hackers wh will try t request mney fr nt expsing yur private infrmatin r by cmpanies like NSO Grup wh created a kind f spyware t “prvide authrised gvernments with technlgy that helps struggle against terrr and crime”.
In my pinin, the prtectin technique is highly verestimated. Users tape the cameras and micrphnes thrugh lack f understanding f hw their devices wrk and hw the malware(恶意软件) wrks. Hackers and even secret services d nt have enugh resurces t mnitr all victims using the cameras r micrphnes. If they need t get any infrmatin, they get it by sending a targeted virus t yur device, which will nt be stpped by the tapes. Such a virus will find what t steal—frm persnal phts and vides t passwrds frm scial netwrks, brwser histry, bank accunts and s n.
It is unwise t believe that attackers will nt be able t find a way t spy n yu, even if the device, discharged t zer, can still deliver data abut yur lcatin, using the smartphnes f the surrunding peple as signal repeaters. Let us face it: we live in an era when it is extremely difficult t hide smething and a piece f tape is clearly nt the mst useful tl in the struggle fr yur privacy.
Again, t be able t spy n yu, attackers need t plant the malware in yur device. T prevent the malware frm entering yur device, d nt click suspected links and email attachments. Use strng passwrds fr email, scial media and nline bank accunts.
1.What des the underlined wrd “them” in paragraph 2 refer t?
A.Cameras. B.Types.
C.Prgrammes.D.Devices.
2.What is NSO Grup?
A.A grup f hackers.
B.A cmpany develping spyware.
C.A grup f terrrists and criminals.
D.A cmpany fighting against crime.
3.Why des the authr think “the prtectin technique is highly verestimated”?
A.Peple knw little abut their devices.
B.Hackers have n access t thers.
C.It hardly prevents the malware frm getting privacy.
D.It can’t cver the cameras cmpletely.
B
Ever since she received a little ty airliner as a birthday gift, Kate has been attracted by flight. Frm flying remte-cntrlled airplanes t building her wn mdel nes, Kate has always cnsidered flying a plane ne f her passins, but nly until recently has she been able t take that t new heights.
When Kate heard abut the Upwind Schlarship frm her schl cunselr, she knew it was an extrardinary pprtunity t realise her dream. The prgramme’s missin is t prvide all the training necessary t btain a private pilt’s license (PPL) fr students in between their junir and senir year f high schl free f charge.
After cmpleting a lengthy applicatin and her subsequent acceptance int the prgramme, Kate began her training last spring. Nrmally, recipients f the schlarship wuld attend grund schl in persn where they learn the fundamentals f flying. Due t the pandemic, hwever, Kate spent hurs each weekend studying nline lessns in her rm whenever she gt a break frm hmewrk. Once summer came arund, Kate and three peers put in tw straight weeks f grund schl, reviewing flight training frm nine t five every day.“It was the tughest part f the prgramme,” Kate said.
After cmpleting that prtin f grund schl, Kate was finally able t begin flying at the San Carls Airprt with the ther schlarship recipients frm arund the Bay Area. Flying, especially fr first-timers like Kate, is a hands-n prcess invlving lts f checklists t make sure the imprtant tasks are being taken care f.
Nw, having finished the prgramme and earned her PPL, Kate plans n training as a flight instructr and hpes t becme an airline pilt in her future.
She credits the Upwind Schlarship t all she’s been able t accmplish s far and hpes that anyne wh shares her passin will lk int it.“It is a very hard schlarship t win, and yu have t be truly interested in flight,” Kate said.“It can’t be smething like ‘Oh, why dn’t I try flying this summer?’ Yu have t be ready t d a lt f wrk and put effrt int succeeding in the prgramme.”
4.What des the underlined wrd “that” in paragraph 1 refer t?
A.Her skill f building mdel airplanes.
B.Her wish t travel arund the wrld.
C.Her childhd dream f becming a pilt.
D.Her desire t fly remte-cntrlled airplanes.
5.What is the gal f the Upwind Schlarship?
A.T help students in need t achieve their dreams.
B.T prvide necessary training fr private pilts fr free.
C.T give students expert advice n earning a schlarship.
D.T prepare high schl students t becme a private pilt.
6.What did Kate d in grund schl?
A.She tk nline lessns n flying.
B.She went ver the fundamentals f flying.
C.She did sme research int the pandemic.
D.She finished applying fr the prgramme.
7.Which f the fllwing best describes Kate?
A.Cnfident and aggressive.
B.Strng-willed and patient.
C.Demanding and curageus.
D.Ambitius and hard-wrking.
C
(2021·河北秦皇岛二模)
Every fur r five years, vast quantities f warm water build up alng the west cast f Suth America. This phenmenn, El Niñ, creates strms that cause destructive flds. The result is cstly.
Mdern farmers cme t terms with El Niñ. They use mney saved in gd years t rebuild in bad nes. But histry suggests it need nt be like that. In a paper published recently, Ari Caramanica, an archaelgist in Lima, shws hw it used t be dne. And the answer seems t be “better”.
Dr Caramanica and her clleagues have been studying the Pampa de Mcan, a castal desert plain in nrthern Peru. It is nt suitable fr farming. Its sil cntains little rganic matter and the annual rainfall in nn-Niñ years is usually less than tw centimetres. Tday’s farmers therefre depend n canals t carry water frm lcal rivers t their fields.
It had been assumed that ancient farmers had a similar arrangement—and s they did. But Dr Caramanica als fund eight canals that culd carry water far beynd the range f mdern farms. She thught that they were intended t guide the fldwaters arriving during Niñ years. Arund a quarter f the ancient agricultural infrastructure f this area seemed t have been built nly fr managing Niñ-generated fldwaters.
Evidence frm pllen supprts this thery, revealing that the Pampa de Mcan prduced lts f crps in sme years, while remaining nearly barren in thers. The team als uncvered tw cisterns(蓄水箱) in the area serviced by the extended canals. These, prbably, were used t stre extra fldwaters.
These findings suggest that, rather than resisting El Niñ, early farmers in the Pampa de Mcan were ready t make use f it when it arrived. Mdern farmers might d well t learn frm them.
8.What des the recent study fcus n?
A.Living with El Niñ.
B.Effects f El Niñ.
C.Farming in the desert.
D.Water shrtage in Peru.
9.What des the underlined wrd “they” in paragraph 4 refer t?
A.Ancient farmers.B.Rivers.
C.Farms.D.Canals.
10.What lessn can be learned frm early farmers?
A.Every advantage has its disadvantage.
B.In every difficulty lies an pprtunity.
C.Sharp tls make gd wrk.
D.It’s never t late t mend.
11.In which sectin f a website may this text appear?
A.Educatin.B.Travel.
C.Business.D.Science.
考点分类练(十一) 词句猜测题——代词指代类
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述的是如何保护我们设备上的隐私。
1.D 解析 代词指代题。根据第二段的 “There are many types f spyware that can dive int ur devices and secretly spy n them, recrding everything they d.” 可知, 有许多类型的间谍软件可以潜入我们的设备并秘密监视它们, 记录它们所做的一切。由此推知, 画线词them指代的是前面提到的devices。故选D项。
2.B 解析 推理判断题。根据第二段的 “... by cmpanies like NSO Grup wh created a kind f spyware t ‘prvide authrised gvernments with technlgy that helps struggle against terrr and crime’.” 可知, 这些公司研发某种间谍软件, 为所授权的政府提供有助于打击恐怖行动和犯罪的科技。故选B项。
3.C 解析 推理判断题。由题干信息可定位到文章第三段的首句, 且根据第三段的 “If they need t get any infrmatin, they get it by sending a targeted virus t yur device, which will nt be stpped by the tapes. Such a virus will find what t steal—frm persnal phts and vides t passwrds frm scial netwrks, brwser histry, bank accunts and s n.” 可知, 这种保护技术很难阻止恶意软件获取隐私。故选C项。
【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了凯特从小就爱好飞行, 以及她为了实现成为一名飞行员的梦想所做出的努力。
4.C 解析 代词指代题。根据画线词前一句提到的Kate has always cnsidered flying a plane ne f her passins和第二段开头提到的it was an extrardinary pprtunity t realise her dream可知, 凯特从小就爱好飞行, 驾驶飞机是她的梦想。由此推测, that指代 “她想成为一名飞行员的梦想”。故选C项。
5.D 解析 细节理解题。根据第二段的 “The prgramme’s missin is t prvide all the training necessary t btain a private pilt’s license (PPL) fr students in between their junir and senir year f high schl free f charge.” 可知, 它的目标是让想成为私人飞行员的高中生做好相应的准备。故选D项。
6.B 解析 细节理解题。根据第三段的 “... recipients f the schlarship wuld attend grund schl in persn where they learn the fundamentals f flying.” 和 “... Kate and three peers put in tw straight weeks f grund schl, reviewing flight training...” 可知, 凯特在地面学校回顾飞行的基础知识。故选B项。
7.D 解析 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的内容可推断, 凯特很有志向; 再根据最后一段中凯特所说的话 “It is a very hard schlarship t win, and yu have t be truly interested in flight ... Yu have t be ready t d a lt f wrk and put effrt int succeeding in the prgramme.” 可知, 凯特为了获得奖学金很努力。由此推断, 凯特很有雄心壮志, 而且为了梦想非常努力。故选D项。
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。在最近发表的一篇论文中, 一位考古学家展示了过去的农民是如何利用厄尔尼诺现象来帮助农业生产的, 文章介绍了这一研究开展的过程以及发现。
8.A 解析 细节理解题。根据第二段的 “Mdern farmers cme t terms with El Niñ ... In a paper published recently ... shws hw it used t be dne. And the answer seems t be ‘better’.” 可知, 最近的研究重点是与厄尔尼诺现象共存。故选A项。
9.D 解析 代词指代题。根据画线词前一句 “But Dr Caramanica als fund eight canals that culd carry water far beynd the range f mdern farms.” 以及后面的“ intended t guide the fldwaters arriving during Niñ years.”可知, Caramanica博士认为上文提到的八条运河是为了引洪。由此推知, they指代的是 “运河”。故选D项。
10.B 解析 推理判断题。根据最后一段的 “These findings suggest that, rather than resisting El Niñ, early farmers in the Pampa de Mcan were ready t make use f it when it arrived.” 可知, 当厄尔尼诺现象到来时, 早期农民并没有进行抵制, 而是做好了利用它的准备。由此推知, 我们可以从早期农民那里学到 “每一个困难中都蕴藏着机会” 这一道理。故选B项。
11.D 解析 推理判断题。通读文章可知, 在最近发表的一篇论文中, 一位考古学家展示了过去的农民是如何利用厄尔尼诺现象来帮助农业生产的, 而文章正是介绍了这一研究开展的过程以及发现。由此推知, 文章可能选自网站的 “科学” 版面。故选D项。
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