2024届中考英语语法复习专题1名词考点聚焦和精讲（原卷版）

这是一份2024届中考英语语法复习专题1名词考点聚焦和精讲（原卷版），共15页。

1.可数名词的单复数；
2.不可数名词；
3.专有名词；
4.名词所有格；
5.名词或代词作主语时和谓语之间的单复数的一致问题
6.名词的句法作用；
一、可数名词的单复数
可数名词有单数和复数两种形式，表示一个用单数，两个或两个以上用复数。a用于以辅音音素开头的单数名词前，an用于以元音音素开头的单数名词前。可数名词复数形式的构成有规则和不规则变化两种：
1、名词由单数变复数的基本方法如下：
①在单数名词词尾加s。如：map → maps, by→ bys, hrse→ hrses, table→ table。.
② 结尾的词加es。如：class→classes, bx→bxes, dish→dishes, bench→benche。.
[注] 少数以结尾的词,变复数时加es。如：ptat→ptates,tmat→tmates，her→heres,
③以辅音字母加y结尾的名词,变y为i,再加es。如：family→families, city→cities, party→parties。
④以f或fe结尾的名词, 。如：shelf→shelves, wlf→wlves, life→lives, knife→knives。
2．名词复数的不规则变化
A,元音或词尾发生变化。如：man→ , wman→ , tth→ , ft→ , child→ ,
muse→ 等。
B.单复数形式相同。如：Chinese, Japanese, sheep, deer, fish等。
C.形式为单数意思为复数。如：peple(人们), plice(警察)等。如果要表达单数形式则要使用其他名词。如：
①一个人a peple (×)；a persn(√) ②一名警察a plice(×)；a pliceman/plicewman(√)。
D.形式为复数意思为单数。如：physics, mathematics/maths, the United States, Niagara Falls, news, falls等。
E.只有复数形式的名词，如：trusers, clthes, chpsticks, glasses, scissrs, cmpasses等。
F.集体名词的数。视为整体时，谓语用单数；视为个体时，谓语用复数。如：family, class, team, grup等。
G.由man和wman构成的合成词，其复数形式也是-men和-wmen。如：an Englishman, tw Englishmen
但German不是合成词，故复数形式为 。由man, wman作定语时，它的单复数由它所修饰的名词的单复数决定，如：a man wrker→ 等。
【注意】其他合成名词，只要把合成名词中的中心词变为复数形式。
如：an apple tree→tw apple trees; a she shp→tw she shps等。
H,表示某国人的名词单数变复数遵循以下原则：
①中日不变，如：Chinese→Chinese, Japanese→Japanese；
②英法变，如：Englishman→ , Frenchman→ ；
③其余把s加后面，如：American→ , German→ 。
二、不可数名词
3.不可数名词“量”的表达
如果要表示“量”的概念，可以用以下两种方法：
A.表示不定数量时，不可数名词常用much, a little, little, a lt f, lts f, sme, any, a bit f, plenty f等表示，常用it来替代。如：The rich man has a lt f mney. // There is sme milk in the bttle.
Is there any water in the glass? // I dn’t like winter because there’s t much snw and ice.
B.不可数名词的数量可借助一个量词来表达，其结构为“数词＋量词＋f＋不可数名词”，不可数名词的复数，是通过把量词变成复数来表达。如：
a piece f paper/ wd/bread/news/meat; a bttle/glass f range/water/milk/juice; a cup f tea/cffee; a bag f rice 等。
tw pieces f paper/ wd/bread/news/meat; tw bttles/glasses f range/water/milk/juice; tw cups f tea/cffee; three bags f rice 等。
三、专有名词
4.是指人、地方、团体、机构等特有的名称。专有名词中实词的第一个字母要大写。专有名词大致有以下五类。
1. 人名：有时与表示称呼、称号或职务的普通名词连用。如：
Mr and Mrs Jhnsn 约翰逊夫妇；Dr. Brwn 布朗博士；Lady Green 格林女士。
2. 地名：有些地名常与普通名词连用；有些加定冠词，有些不加定冠词。如：Wall Street 华尔街；
Rm 201 201房间；Tian’anmen Square 天安门广场；the Atlantic Ocean 大西洋；the Alps 阿尔卑斯山。
3. 时间名：Sunday 星期日；May 五月；Christmas Day 圣诞节；New Year’s Day 元旦。
4. 报刊名：许多报刊名带定冠词。如：The Saturday Evening Pst《星期六晚邮报》；The Times《泰晤士报》。
5. 单位团体名：单位团体名多含普通名词，有些加定冠词，有些不加定冠词。如：
the United Natins 联合国；Class One, Grade Seven 七年级一班
四、名词的所有格
5、名词所有格表示所属关系,相当于物主代词,在句中作定语、宾语或主语。其构成法如下：
(1)表示人或其它有生命的东西的名词常在词尾加’s。如： (儿童节), (我姐姐的书)。
(2)以s或es结尾的复数名词，只在词尾加’。如： (教师节)。
(3)有些表示时间、距离以及世界、国家、城镇等无生命的名词,也可在词尾加’s。 如： (今天的报纸), (十分钟的课间休息), (中国的人口)。
(4)无论表示有生命还是无生命的东西的名词,一般均可用介词f短语来表示所有关系。如： (党的好女儿)。
2、[注]
① ’s还可以表示某人的家或者某个店铺,如： (我阿姨家), (诊所)。
② 两人共有某物时,可以采用 A and B’s 的形式,如： bedrm(露西和丽丽合住的卧室)。
③ “f+名词所有格/名词性物主代词”,称为双重所有格,如：a friend f my (我父亲的一位朋友), a friend f (我的一位朋友)。
五、名词的句法作用
6.
1. 作主语：名词作主语时，谓语动词要在人称和数方面和它的主语一致。如：A girl is ver there.
2. 作宾语：I have a cmputer.
3. 作表语：My father is a teacher.
4. 作定语：The schl library was built last year.
(1) 一般情况：名词作定语时要用单数形式。如：an apple tree→tw apple trees。
(2) 特殊情况：man, wman作定语时，它的单复数由它所修饰的名词的单复数决定。如：
a man wrker→tw men wrkers, a wman dctr→fur wmen dctrs等。
(3) sprts 作定语修饰名词时，总是用复数形式。如：a sprts meeting 一次运动会。
(4) 与数词合成形容词作定语。如：ten-minute walk, an 8-year-ld girl, a seven-day hliday。
5. 作宾补：Tm made his brther a kite .
6. 作同位语：We students must study hard.
六、名词或代词作主语时和谓语之间的单复数的一致问题
1、谓语和主语基本保持单复数的一致,即：主语是可数名词单数或不可数名词时,谓语动词用单数形式：
1.The cmputer a great inventin.(计算机是个了不起的发明。)
2.The water in the glass very cld.(玻璃杯里的水很冷。)
2、集体名词(如family, class, team, grup, rw, plice, schl等)做句子主语时,
如果表示整体概念,则谓语用单数形式,如：
如果表示其中的所有成员时,则谓语用复数形式,
Class Three a very gd class.(三班是好班。)
Class Three a map f China.(三班有张中国地图。)
3、Chinese, Japanese, fish, sheep, peple等表示单个时谓语用单数,表示许多时,谓语用复数。
1.There a sheep in the yard.(院子里有只绵羊。)
2.There are sme in the yard.(院子里有一些绵羊。)
4、maths, news等虽然有s结尾,但不是复数,因此谓语仍用单数，
The news very exciting. (这个消息令人兴奋。)
5、glasses, shes, scks, trusers, glves等名词往往用复数形式,故谓语用复数。
The trusers very cheap and I want t take them.(裤子很便宜,我想买。)
6、a lt f 后跟名词复数时谓语用复数形式,跟不可数名词时谓语用单数形式。
1.A lt f students playing baseball nw.(现在有许多学生在打垒球。)
2.A lt f time wasted n that wrk.(大量的时间花在了那个工作上。)
7、and 连接两个名词做主语时,谓语原则上用复数,但是两个名词若构成一个整体事物时,谓语则用单数。
1.The teacher and his sn picking apples nw.(老师和他的儿子在摘苹果。)
2.Fish and chips very famus fd. (鱼和薯条是一种出名的食品。)
8、 there be 句型中be的单复数一般由靠近的名词决定。
There a table and fur chairs in the rm.(房间里有一张桌子和四张椅子。)
9、用bth…and…连接两个事物做主语时,谓语一般用复数。如：
Bth yu and I required t be here tmrrw.(你和我明天要求都来。)
10、主语中含有with的短语时,谓语单复数由with之前的人物决定。
A wman with a 7-year-ld child standing at the side f the rad. (一名妇女带着一个七岁的孩子(当时)就站在路边。)
11、either…r…或者 neither…nr…连接两个人物做句子主语时,谓语采用就近原则。如：
1.Either yu r he right.(要么是你对,要么是他对。/你和他有一个人是对的)
2.Neither yu nr I ging there.(你和我都不打算去那里。)
12、表示一段时间或长度概念的复数名词做主语时,谓语一般用单数。
1.Tw mnths nt a shrt time.(两个月不是个短时间。)
2.Tw thusand kilmeters quite a lng distance.(两千千米是相当长的一段距离。)
13、主语中含有half f… / (three quarters)f… / all (f) the ….等词语时,谓语的单复数由名词确定,
1.Over three quarters f the infrmatin n the Internet in English.(网上四分之三以上的信息是用英语写的。) 2.A third f the students playing near the lake.( 三分之一的学生(当时)正在湖边玩耍。)
3.All f the water in these rivers been plluted.(这些河流中的水已经被污染了。)
但是, ppulatin一词又有特殊情况：
What the ppulatin f China?(中国人口是多少？)(句子用单数)
Three quarters f the ppulatin in this city Arabs.(这个城市四分之三的人口是阿拉伯人。)(句子用复数)
七、名词词义辧析
名词词义辨析主要指考生在不同的语言环境中，通过对上下文的理解或者对一些词义相同的名词准确地掌握其意义，然后作出正确的选择。近年来，这一考点成为了考查名词的主要形式之一。
常用易混名词辨析
1、sprt、game、match、race 的区别：
sprt通常指“户外运动”,以锻炼为主,概念较大；
game意思是“运动、比赛”,不管户内户外还是脑力体力,指以胜负为主的运动；
match意为“竞赛、比赛”,多指正式比赛；
race主要表示“赛跑、赛马、赛车”。如：
1.Peple all arund the wrld enjy .(全世界的人都喜爱运动。)
2.The 2008 Olympic was held in Beijing.(2008奥运会在北京举行。)
3.Our schl ftball team wn the league .(我们学校足球队取得了联赛冠军。)
4.They were strng and wn the bat .(他们很棒,赢得了划艇比赛。)
2、festival、hliday、vacatin的区别：
festival“节日”,指喜庆的日子或持续一段时间的文娱活动；
hliday“假日、休息日”,指法定假日或风俗习惯,复数可以表示一个较长的假期；
vacatin“假期”,指学习或工作中一段长时间的休息。
1.The Shanghai Televisin will be held next mnth.(上海电视节将在下个月举行。)
2.Sunday is a and mst peple d nt wrk.(星期天是个假日,多数人不工作。)
3.What are yu ging t d during the summer ?(在暑期你打算做什么事情？)
3、jurney、tur、trip、travel的区别：
jurney指在陆地上(或海上或空中)进行的长途旅行,不知终点,含有辛苦的意思；
tur指途中作短期逗留的巡回旅行,强调游览多处,常用来指观光等；
trip通常指往返定时的短途旅行,如出差度假等；
travel多指长期或长途的观光旅行,尤其指到国外,没有明确目的地,也作不可数名词,指旅行这一行为。
1.He made up his mind t make the t Dunhuang.(他拿定主意要去敦煌旅行。),
2.He has gne n a walking .(他步行观光去了。)
3.He tk several t Shanghai last yeaar.(去年他去了上海好几次。)
4.Did yu g t Santiag during yur ?(旅行期间你去圣地亚哥了吗？)
5. thrugh thick frests is dangerus.(在密林里边穿行是很危险的。)
4、sund、nise、vice的区别：
sund指各种声音；
nise主要指“噪音”；
vice指人的“嗓音”。如：
1.The f the street kept me awake in the night.(街上的喧嚣声让我彻夜难眠。)
2.All f a sudden there was the f shts and a cry.(突然间传来几声枪响和一声尖叫。)
3.The singer has lst her ringing as a result f a bad cld.(因为感冒的缘故,这个歌唱家失去了她银铃般的嗓音。)
题组1 名词语法填空
1.If yu're lking fr sme birthday gifts, here is my (suggest).
2.One f my (cusin) went ver t her huse and taught her hw t use it.
3.The wallpaper with cartn patterns is ideal fr my (sn) rm.
4.In 1920, the (wrld) first three-clr traffic light was put t use.
5.I was afraid t ask questins because f my pr (prnunce).
A Christmas Carl was written t make every reader think abut hw they culd make a
(different) t their sciety.
7.Bye added that summer camps are imprtant t bth kids and (parent).
8.At her first cncert, she played in a band with many (adult).
9.He was ne f the mst cheerful (man) in the wrld.
10.I'll bring yu back sme (present).
11.The children als learn many (skill) like hw t live in the wild.
12.(2018绍兴,46)Hw sweet these (grape)taste!
13.I gave my speech in frnt f the whle grade, prmising my (classmate)that if they chse me, I'd start a ftball team.
14.The nurses in the hspital take gd care f their (patient).
题组2 名词拼写
1.M is the fifth mnth f the year in the Western calendar.
2.As the saying ges, “An a a day keeps the dctr away.”
3.The sun rises in the e and sets in the west.
4.Yuan Lngping, the “Father f Hybrid Rice”, wn many (奖) fr his rice research.
5.Accrding t the latest census(人口普查), China has a p f 1,411.78 millin.
6.Traditinal Chinese (药)has been playing an imprtant rle in treating COVID-19.
7.It's hped that all (成员)f the public will help t lcate them—including yu.
8.“Ancient trees are as much a part f ur heritage(遗产)as wrks f (艺术),” explains Jeremy Evans f the Wdland Trust.
9.They gt him t the back f the line and three big (女士) said they wuld watch him and stp him ging frward.
10.S far, China has built nearly 600,000 cultural centers in (村庄).
11.Raquel's frm tw cuntries and has experience and (知识)f tw cultures.
12.A few weeks befre we left hme, there was much (雨)in the area we were ging t.
13.Reading and listening t light music are gd (选择).
14.I plan t g abrad t celebrate my twentieth birthday in (八月).
15.His team had lst the game because f him. He felt like there was a heavy w n his shulders as he walked hme alne.
16.My friend came ver last night t watch the v f the ftball match that I'd recrded.
17.Liu Chuanjian is cnsidered a (英雄) because he safely landed the damaged plane.
18.Fr example, if the runner runs ne (千米),the prviders each give the runner $1 fr the charity.
题组3 选择题
1．（2023·湖北十堰·统考中考真题）—Hw did yu fix up the machine, dad?
—It’s easy. I just fllwed the ________.
A．instructinsB．inventinsC．interviewsD．influences
2．（2023·山东青岛·统考中考真题）Befre flying a plane, a ________ must take a lt f training.
A．plicemanB．musicianC．nurseD．pilt
3．（2023·山东东营·统考中考真题）—What ges up, but never cmes dwn?
—Yur ________, f curse.
A．ageB．wealthC．weightD．temperature
4．（2023·江苏徐州·中考真题）Of all the ________, I lve summer best.
A．seasnsB．subjectsC．clursD．hbbies
5．（2023·辽宁丹东·统考中考真题）Mary’s parents are interested in ________, s they ften take her t cncerts.
A．sprtsB．musicC．scienceD．mvies
6．（2023·四川雅安·统考中考真题）Nancy, please take yur ________ with yu t schl. It’s raining heavily.
A．cupB．watchC．umbrellaD．dictinary
7．（2023·湖北恩施·中考真题）—Miss Li, happy Teachers’ Day! Here is a flwer fr yu.
—Ww! Thanks fr yur ________.
A．presentB．helpC．questin
8．（2023·江苏宿迁·统考中考真题）—The girl’s beautiful prnunciatin caught ur ________ in yesterday’s English speech cmpetitin.
—Yes, many students culdn’t help cheering fr her.
A．cnditinB．attentinC．inventinD．psitin
9．（2023·辽宁抚顺·统考中考真题）I wish yu t have gd ________ and get gd grades.
A．chalkB．spaceC．luckD．music
10．（2023·吉林长春·统考中考真题）Jhn Smith ften lks thrugh the news abut _______ t knw what’s n in the cinema.
A．filmsB．musicC．bksD．weather
11．（2023·辽宁沈阳·统考中考真题）Betty is crazy abut music. Her dream is t be a ________.
A．scientistB．painterC．musicianD．writer
12．（2023·江苏泰州·中考真题）—Gd news! The Chinese wmen table tennis team wn a gld and a silver again.
—Great! N matter wh wins the medals, it is the ________ f ur cuntry.
A．priceB．pineerC．prideD．pain
13．（2023·四川遂宁·中考真题）—Which mvie wuld yu like t watch, Tracy?
— Um…it’s hard t make a ________.
A．surveyB．chiceC．callD．wish
14．（2023·辽宁·统考中考真题）Thanks t the teacher’s help, I slved all the ________ easily.
A．chancesB．prblemsC．habitsD．grades
15．（2023·黑龙江牡丹江·统考中考真题）Althugh ur schl life is a little busy, it is full f ________.
A．painB．sadnessC．laughter
16．（2023·辽宁营口·中考真题）Scientists wh are full f ________ always cme up with new ideas and bring great changes t ur life.
A．instructinB．instrumentC．inventinD．intrductin
17．（2023·吉林·统考中考真题）Li Wei likes science and his dream is t be a ________ like Tu Yuyu.
A．scientistB．singerC．driver
18．（2023·湖北鄂州·统考中考真题）—Tm always reads fr an hur every day.
—That’s a gd ________.
A．habitB．dreamC．timeD．wish
19．（2023·黑龙江齐齐哈尔·统考中考真题）Chinese scientists have made great ________ in space technlgy recently.
A．infrmatinB．prgressC．knwledge
20.（2023·四川乐山·统考中考真题）—Have yu heard abut the car ________ near the schl?
—Yes. Luckily, n ne was seriusly hurt.
A．accidentB．parkC．club
21．（2023·广西·统考中考真题）My mther is a ________ in Zhngshan Hspital. She has saved many peple’s lives.
A．singerB．dctrC．writer
22．（2023·福建·统考中考真题）— Hw is the ________ tday?
— It’s ht. Yu dn’t need t wear the cat.
A．weatherB．trafficC．price
23．（2023·湖北荆州·统考中考真题）—What can yu learn frm Jurney t the West?
—I learn that we shuld have enugh _______ t vercme the difficulties in ur life.
A．dangerB．successC．curageD．excitement
24．（2023·湖南郴州·统考中考真题）My parents tk me t the amusement park n ________ Day. There were s many exciting things t d there.
A．Children’sB．ChildrenC．Child’s
25．（2023·湖北孝感·统考中考真题）—Can yu give me sme ________ n learning English well?
―Sure. Watching English prgrams is a gd way.
A．newsB．adviceC．decisinsD．messages
26．（2023·青海·统考中考真题）A taxi driver prevented (阻止) an _________ when he saw a car with serius prblems travelling acrss Huangnan.
A．accidentB．interviewC．advertisement
27．（2023·山东菏泽·统考中考真题）—What club d yu want t jin?
—I want t jin a ________ club. I can sing and dance.
A．sprtsB．musicC．chess
题组4 语法选择
It was the district's sprts meet. My 1 still hadn't recvered (痊愈) frm an earlier injury. I had questined whether r nt I shuld attend the meet. But there I was, ready fr the 2 run.
“” The gun sunded and we were ff. The ther 3 rushed ahead f me. I felt ashamed as I fell farther and farther behind.
“Hray!” the crwd shuted. It was the ludest cheer I had ever heard at a meet.
The first-place 4 was tw laps (圈) ahead f me when she crssed the finishing line.
“Maybe I shuld give up,” I thught as I ran. Hwever, I kept ging. During the last tw laps, I ran in 5 and decided nt t race next year, even if my ft had healed by then.
When I finished, I heard luder 6 . I turned arund and saw that the bys were preparing fr their wn run. “They must be cheering fr the 7 ,” I thught.
I was leaving the meet when several girls came up t me. “Ww, yu've shwn a lt f 8 !” One f them tld me. “We were cheering fr yu. Did yu hear us?”
I had hpe again and decided t stick t the run the next year. I realized that 9 and curage aren't always measured (衡量) in medals r victries, but in the 10 we vercme. The strngest peple are nt always thse wh win, but thse wh dn't give up, even when they are lsing.
B.feet C.hands D.hand
2.A.3,000 meter B.3,000 meter'sC.3,000-meters D.3,000-meter
B.girls C.by D.bys
B.runnersC.runner's D.runners'
B.pains C.jy D.jys
B.cheers C.nises D.nise
B.bys C.girl D.girls
B.curagesC.success D.successes
B.failuresC.strength D.strengths
B.trublesC.difficulty D.difficulties
题组5 短文填空
A vide star gets a jb prmting turism
Tamdrin is a Sichuan man at the 1 f 20.He became famus unexpectedly after a phtgrapher psted a 2 f him n Duyin in 2020. In the vide, he wre a traditinal cstume and smiled in frnt f the 3 . Many netizens were attracted by his gd 4 and inncent (天真无邪的) smile. They said that Tamdrin had “stars” in his eyes and that his 5 was “angelic and cmfrting”.
On Nvember 19th, Tamdrin psted his first vide n his wn Duyin accunt. He intrduced his white 6 in brken Mandarin. He said that his favrite hbby was hrse riding. The vide was viewed by mre than 14 millin peple and attracted mre than 1.8 millin fllwers in ne day.
Tamdrin has been given a 7 prmting turism in Sichuan Prvince's Litang Cunty by a cmpany. He will get a mnthly 8 f 3,500 yuan as well as insurance and subsidies.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.