2024届中考英语语法复习专题3冠词考点聚焦和精讲（解析版）

这是一份2024届中考英语语法复习专题3冠词考点聚焦和精讲（解析版），共14页。

不定冠词a与an的用法；
定冠词the的用法；
3、“零”冠词的用法。
一 不定冠词的用法
不定冠词a / an用在单数名词的前面,a用在辅音开头的词前面; an用在元音开头的词的前面。
不定冠词的基本用法：
(1) 表示某一个人或东西,但不具体说明何人或何物。
There is a dg lying n the grund.(有一只狗躺在地上。)
(2) 表示某类人或事物,以区别于其他种类。
A elephant is much strnger than a man.(大象比人强壮多了。)(不能译为：一头大象比一个人强壮。)
(3) 表示某类人或事物中的任何一个。
He is a teacher f English.(他是英语教师。)
(4) 表示“一”这个数量。
There is a table and fur chairs in that dining-rm.(在那个餐厅里有一张桌子和四把椅子。)
(5) 几个用不定冠词的习语：
a bit(一点), a little(一点), a few(几个), a lt (许多), a kind f(一种), a pair f(一副、一双), a number f(大量的), a piece f (一张、一片), half an hur(半小时), have a gd time(玩得开心), have a cld(感冒), make a nise(发出嘈杂声), have/take a (rest等)(休息)一会儿,等等。
二 定冠词用法
定冠词的基本用法：
(1)表示特指的人或事物。
The man with a flwer in his hand is Jack..(手上拿着一朵花的男人是杰克)
(2)指谈话双方都熟悉的人或事物。
Lk at the blackbard,Lily.(莉莉,请看黑板。)
(3)复述前面提到过的人或事物。
There is a man under the tree. The man is called Rbert.(树下有个人, 那个人叫罗伯特。)
(4)表示世界上独一无二的事物。
The earth turns arund the sun.(地球绕太阳旋转。)
(5)用在表示方位的名词前面。
There will be strng wind t the suth f the Yangtze River.(长江以南地 区将会刮大风。)
(6)在序数词和形容词最高级的前面。
Wh is the first ne t g?(谁第一个去？)
Of all the stars, the sun is the nearest t the earth.(在所有的恒星之中太阳离地球最近)
(7)常用在乐器名称的前面。
He began t play the vilin at the age f 5.(五岁时他开始拉小提琴)
(8)用在江河、海洋、山脉等名称的前面。
I have never been t the Himalaya Muntains.(我从来没有去过喜马拉雅山)
(9)用在含有普通名词的专有名词的前面。
He is frm the United States f America.(他来自美利坚合众国)
(10)用在姓氏之前表示一家人。
The Greens are ging t Munt Emei next mnth.(下个月格林一家要去峨眉山)
(11)same之前一般用the。
Lucy and Lily lk the same.(露西和莉莉看上去长得一样)
(12)几个用定冠词的习语：
at the same time (与此同时),make the bed(铺床),in the end(最后),all the time(一直),by the way(顺便说一下),n the way(在路上)等等。
三 不用冠词的情况（即“零”冠词的用法）
(1)专有名词和(第一次使用)一些不可数名词时前面通常不用。
China is a very large cuntry.(中国是个大国)
Man needs air and water.(人类需要空气和水)
(2)名词前已有指示、物主或不定代词作定语时不用。
My pen is much mre expensive than yurs.(我的钢笔比你的昂贵多了)
(3)周名,月名或季节名前一般不用。
He was brn n Mnday, February 18,1995.(他出生在1995年二月十八日,星期一)
They usually plant trees n the hills in spring.(春天他们通常在山上植树)
(4) (第一次使用)复数名词表示人或事物的类别时不用。
Men are cleverer than mnkeys.(人比猴子聪明)
(5)三餐饭前不用。
We have breakfast at hme and lunch at schl.(我们在家吃早饭,在校吃午饭)
(6)节、假日前一般不用。
On Children’s Day the bys ften get presents frm their parents.(在儿童节,这些男孩经常得到父母的礼物)
(7)球类名词前不用。
The children play ftball n Saturday afternns.(孩子们星期六下午踢足球)
(8)城市的重要/主要建筑物名称前不用。
They are nw at Peple’s Cinema.(他们此刻在人民电影院)
(9)一些习惯用语中不用。
⑴ at / t / frm / ut f / after / fr schl; ⑵ in / t / fr / after class; ⑶in / t / ut f / int bed; ⑷ after / at/ frm / ut f / t wrk; ⑸ at / t sea; ⑹ in / frm / dwn / t twn; ⑺ at / frm hme; ⑻ at / fr / t breakfast/lunch/supper; ⑼ at night/nn/midnight; ⑽ n ft; ⑾ g t schl/bed; ⑿ n tp f; ⒀ in frnt f; ⒁ n shw/display/duty/watch; ⒂ in / ut f hspital; ⒃ at all; ⒄ n/in time; ⒅ at first/last/nce; ⒆ in Chinese/English,etc.; ⒇ take care f
四．冠词的位置
⑴ 通常情况：冠词位于名词前，若名词前有形容词修饰，冠词要放在形容词之前。
a beautiful flwer; an hur。
⑵ 特殊情况：
①不定冠词在half, such, what, many之后。
such a nice girl (=s nice a girl) // half an hur
Many a student has passed the exam. (= Many students have passed the exam.)
What a beautiful flwer! (= Hw beautiful a flwer!)
②不定冠词在as, s, hw, t修饰的形容词之后。
Hw cld a day it is! (= What a cld day it is!)
③副词quite和rather可置于不定冠词之前。
It’s quite a nice hrse. (=It’s a very nice hrse) // It’s rather a ht day tday. (=It’s a very ht day tday)
④当名词由bth或all, whle修饰时，定冠词须放在bth或all之后, whle 之前。
all the students, bth the children, the whle stry
题组1 用适当的冠词填空
1. Ed went t study art in Paris and became artist.
答案 an 句意:Ed去了巴黎学习艺术,成了一名艺术家。这里为泛指,第一次提到,所以填不定冠词,且artist是以元音音素开头,因此答案是an。
2.Yur best friend is telling yu jke, but yu can't catch it!
答案 a 本题考查不定冠词。tell a jke 讲笑话。
3.And my father is engineer. He is busy every day, but he tries t spend mre time with us.
答案 an engineer为可数名词,根据语境可知此处表泛指,用不定冠词。engineer 以元音音素开头,应用不定冠词an。故答案为an。
4.But fish live in very different wrld frm us.
答案 a 本题考查不定冠词。本句指鱼生活在一个和我们完全不同的世界。设空处填不定冠词a,指“一个”。
5.Li Wen lives with his grandparents in the cuntryside. He is 14-year-ld by.
答案 a by为可数名词,根据语境可知此处表泛指,且14-year-ld以辅音音素开头,应用不定冠词a。故答案为a。
6.It was first develped in China as wushu, but it's becming ne f mst ppular sprts arund the wrld.
答案 the 设空处后面的mst ppular为形容词的最高级,形容词的最高级前应加定冠词the。故填the。
7.In the kitchen,there was surprise fr Claudi—his favrite pancakes.
答案 a 句意:在厨房里,有给Claudi的惊喜——他最喜爱的薄饼。本题考查冠词。此处表泛指,且surprise以辅音音素开头,故填a。
8.What's amazing is that Beth hasn't ever been t drum lessn.
答案 a 句意:令人惊奇的是Beth 从未参加过击鼓课程。本题考查冠词。此处表示泛指,且drum以辅音音素开头,故填a。
9.But with scial-distancing(社交距离)rules in United States, many summer camps face difficult decisins.
答案 the 考查冠词。the United States美国。
10.Fr first time in his life, Mr Happy lst his smile.
答案 the 句意:Happy先生第一次失去了他的笑容。考查冠词。fr the first time为固定搭配。
11.I tk him t cmputer in my rm and said,“Right here.”
答案 the 考查冠词。设空处后的 cmputer有介词短语in my rm修饰,因此设空处使用定冠词。
12.Sme had practiced with private chess teachers, but Tani had practiced n flr f the hmeless shelter alne.
答案 the 句意:一些人已经和私人国际象棋老师练习过了,但是Tani是一个人在无家可归者收容所的地板上练习的。本题考查冠词。此处特指无家可归的人的收容所的地板,故填the。
13.Jseph has written bk called Facing the Lin. In the bk, he talks abut his childhd.
答案 a 句意:Jseph已经写了一本名叫《面对狮子》的书。在他的书里,他谈起了他的童年。 本题考查冠词。设空处要修饰可数名词单数bk,且bk以辅音音素开头,因此要填写不定冠词a。
14.Flrence was unusual yung wman fr her time, because she didn't want t g t parties and get married.
答案 an 句意:Flrence是她那个时代的一位不同寻常的年轻女性,因为她不想参加派对,不想嫁人。设空处要修饰可数名词单数wman,且unusual以元音音素开头,因此要填写不定冠词an。
15.There is ancient castle(城堡)and we're ging there next week.
答案 an 句意:有一个古老的城堡,我们下周要去那里。本题考查冠词。设空处后的castle是可数名词单数且ancient是元音音素开头的单词,因此使用不定冠词an。
题组2填空题
1.The United Natins is internatinal rganizatin, which is meant t encurage cuntries t wrk tgether n different pinins withut the use f war.
答案 an 设空处后的名词rganizatin是可数名词,且为单数形式,因此使用不定冠词,形容词internatinal以元音音素开头,因此使用an。
2.Each student tried t describe the black dt, but n ne wrte abut white area arund the dt.
答案 the 句意:每个学生努力描述黑点,但没有人描述黑点周围的白色区域。根据the black dt和white area arund the dt可知,白色区域是特指的除了黑点以外的部分,因此设空处填定冠词。
3.And bamb played imprtant rle in it.
答案 an 句意:并且竹子在其中起着重要的作用。play a rle起作用。imprtant以元音音素开头,因此使用不定冠词an。
4.Wuhan is ne f largest and mst beautiful cities in China.
答案 the 句意:武汉是中国最大最美的城市之一。设空处后为形容词最高级,因此设空处使用定冠词the。
5.Sn, anther bus driver and ambulance(救护车) arrived t help. They sent the driver t the hspital.
答案 an 句意:很快,另外一名大巴车驾驶员和一辆救护车赶来施救。他们送这名驾驶员去了医院。设空处修饰其后的可数名词ambulance,ambulance为单数形式,第一次出现且以元音音素开头,因此使用不定冠词an。
6.Wish the train culd be less nisy?There might be slutin fr yu.
答案 a 设空处修饰其后的可数名词slutin,slutin为单数形式,第一次出现且以辅音音素开头,因此使用不定冠词a。
7.Wang Dewen, great Chinese wdwrker, lives in Wuzhu,Suth China's Guangxi Zhuang Autnmus Regin.
答案 a 设空处修饰其后的可数名词wdwrker,wdwrker为单数形式,第一次出现且设空后的great以辅音音素开头,因此填不定冠词a。
8.Then he went t the market, but nbdy wanted t pay a gld cin fr such ugly ring.
答案 an 句意:于是他去了市场,但是没有人想为这么难看的戒指付一枚金币。本题考查冠词。ring为单数可数名词,ugly以元音音素开头,因此填写an。
9.Then he handed his sn bag. Inside the bag were clthes, sme fd, a little mney and a map.
答案 a 句意:然后他递给儿子一只袋子。袋子里面是衣服、一些食物、一些钱和一张地图。本题考查冠词。设空处后的名词是第一次提及,因此使用不定冠词,bag以辅音音素开头,因此用a。
10.Later that night, I made decisin.
答案 a 句意:那天晚上晚些时候,我做了一个决定。本题考查冠词。make a decisin做决定。
11.The amazing ne was that they had t exchange things wrth thusands f yuan with nly a piece f paper in half hur.
答案 an 句意:令人惊奇的是他们不得不在半小时内仅用一张纸交换价值数千元的东西。本题考查冠词。hur以元音音素开头,因此使用an。
12.Then strng ld farmer, named Peter, came alng.
答案 a 句意:然后一个叫Peter的强壮的老农民出现了。本题考查冠词。此处表示泛指,且设空处后的strng以辅音音素开头,因此使用不定冠词a。
13.But the bttle was t slippery(滑的) and he drpped it. kitchen flr was cvered in milk.
答案 The 句意:但是瓶子太滑了,他把瓶子掉在了地上。厨房的地面都是牛奶。本题考查冠词。根据语境可知,此处是特指的厨房地面,因此使用定冠词The。
14.Many peple welcme the city's grwth. But number f Dubai natives wrry abut the speed f change.
答案 a 句意:许多人欣然接受城市的发展。但许多迪拜本地人担心改变的速度。本题考查冠词。
题组3.选择题
1．（2023·湖北十堰·统考中考真题）—D yu knw Jurney t the West?
—Yes. It’s ________ interesting bk. I like it very much.
A．aB．anC．theD．/
【答案】B
【详解】句意：——你知道《西游记》吗？——是的。这是一本有趣的书。我非常喜欢它。考查冠词的用法。此处泛指一本有趣的书，“interesting”首字母发元音音素，故选B。
2．（2023·山东青岛·统考中考真题）I watched The Wandering Earth Ⅱ last night. It is ________ wnderful film.
A．aB．anC．theD．/
【答案】A
【详解】句意：我昨晚看了《流浪地球Ⅱ》。这是一部精彩的电影。考查冠词的用法。此处泛指一部电影，“wnderful”首字母发辅音音素，故选A。
3．（2023·山东东营·统考中考真题）After taking ________ class frm Tiangng space statin n Octber 12th, 2022, I became interested in science.
A．aB．anC．theD．/
【答案】C
【详解】句意：在2022年10月12日上了天宫空间站的课之后，我对科学产生了兴趣。考查冠词辨析。根据“class frm Tiangng space statin”可知，此处表示特指天宫空间站的课，此空应填the，故选C。
4．（2023·江苏宿迁·统考中考真题）—Betty began t play ________ vilin at the age f fur.
—N wnder she plays s well.
A．aB．anC．theD．/
【答案】C
【详解】句意：——贝蒂四岁开始拉小提琴。——怪不得她拉得这么好。考查冠词。a不定冠词，表泛指，后接以辅音音素开头的单词；an不定冠词，表泛指，后接以元音音素开头的单词；the定冠词；/零冠词。vilin是乐器，乐器前应加定冠词the。play the vilin“拉小提琴”。故选C。
5．（2023·吉林长春·统考中考真题）James is _______ hard-wrking engineer. His spirit encurages us.
A．aB．anC．theD．/
【答案】A
【详解】句意：詹姆斯是一位勤奋的工程师。他的精神鼓舞着我们。考查冠词辨析。此处表示泛指，且hard是以辅音音素开头的，故选A。
6．（2023·辽宁沈阳·统考中考真题）The spirit f Lei Feng always encurages us t give ________ hand t thers.
A．aB．anC．theD．不填
【答案】A
【详解】句意：雷锋精神总是鼓励我们去帮助别人。考查冠词。give a hand t sb.“帮某人一把”，是固定搭配。故选A。
7．（2023·新疆·中考真题）—Have yu heard f Xu Fengcan, ___________ excellent pilt?
—Yes, she made every effrt n ___________ way t grwing int a real pilt.
A．the；/B．the；aC．an；theD．an；/
【答案】C
【详解】句意：——你听说过优秀的飞行员徐枫灿吗？——有啊，在成长为一名真正的飞行员的道路上，她付出了所有的努力。考查冠词的用法。根据“excellent pilt”可知应用不定冠词泛指“一名优秀的飞行员”，且excellent为元音音素开头的单词，因此不定冠词用an；根据“way t grwing int a real pilt”可知此处应用定冠词the特指在成为一名真正的飞行员的路上。故选C。
8．（2023·辽宁营口·中考真题）China’s panda Ya Ya finished ________ 30-day stay in Shanghai after landing in China and then was sent t Beijing Z in ________ May.
A．a; aB．a; theC．the; aD．a; /
【答案】D
【详解】句意：中国熊猫丫丫在抵达中国后，在上海待了30天，然后于5月被送往北京动物园。考查冠词。“ stay”泛指“一段30天的停留”，30-day以辅音音素开头，此空应用不定冠词a；May是月份，它的前面不用冠词。故选D。
9．（2023·吉林·统考中考真题）Jenny rdered a hamburger and ________ hamburger was nice.
A．aB．anC．the
【答案】C
【详解】句意：珍妮点了一个汉堡包，汉堡包很好吃。考查冠词的用法。此处特指珍妮点的那个汉堡，用定冠词the。故选C。
10．（2023·黑龙江绥化·统考中考真题）Bb is my brther. He likes playing ________ basketball, but he desn’t like playing ________ pian.
A．the; aB．/; theC．an; the
【答案】B
【详解】句意：鲍勃是我的兄弟。他喜欢打篮球，但他不喜欢弹钢琴。考查冠词。球类名词前不加冠词，play basketball“打篮球”；乐器名称前需加定冠词the，play the pian“弹钢琴”。故选B。
11．（2023·湖南郴州·统考中考真题）—I’d like t help kids with their schlwrk.
—Yu culd vlunteer in ________ after-schl study prgram t teach them.
A．theB．anC．a
【答案】B
【详解】句意：——我想帮助孩子们做功课。——你可以志愿参加课外学习项目来教他们。7考查冠词的用法。此处泛指一个课外学习项目，“after-schl”首字母发元音音素，故选B。
12．（2023·山东菏泽·统考中考真题）—Is this yur pen?
—N, it isn’t. ________ red ne is mine.
A．AB．AnC．The
【答案】C
【详解】句意：——这是你的钢笔吗？——不，它不是。那个红色的是我的。
考查冠词。根据“red ne is mine”可知此处特指红色的那个钢笔，用定冠词the。故选C。
题组4.语法选择
There were tw men wh lived next t each ther. One f them was a retired teacher and 1 ther was 2 insurance agent (保险代理人). Bth f them had planted many different plants in their gardens. 3 retired teacher rarely watered his plants and didn't pay 4 lt f attentin t them. But 5 his neighbr was very careful with his plants and watered them ften.
The retired teacher's plants were small, but still lked kay, while the insurance agent's plants were much bigger and greener. One night, there was heavy rain and wind due t 6 minr (较小的) strm. 7 next mrning, bth f the neighbrs came ut t check n their gardens. The insurance agent saw that his plants had been ripped frm 8 grund and were ttally destryed. But the retired teacher's plants were nt damaged at all but std firm.
The insurance agent was surprised. He went t cnsult (咨询) the retired teacher. “We bth grew 9 same plants and I cared fr my plants better than yu did. Hw culd yur plants still be kay?”
The retired teacher smiled and said, “Because yu gave yur plants t much attentin. Yu made it t easy fr them t grw. I gave my plants just 10 little bit f water, s their rts had t grw deeper t absrb (吸收) mre water. That is why my plants survived.”
1.A.a B.an C.the D./
2.A.a B.an C.the D./
3.A.A B.An C.The D./
4.A.a B.an C.the D./
5.A.a B.an C.the D./
6.A.a B.an C.the D./
7.A.A B.An C.The D./
8.A.a B.an C.the D./
9.A.a B.an C.the D./
10.A.a B.an C.the D./
本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了邻居两人对待花草的不同态度和不同结果。
1.C 本题考查冠词。 ther...一个……另一个……,故选C。
2.B 本题考查冠词。此处用不定冠词表泛指,且insurance的发音以元音音素开头,故选择B。
3.C 本题考查定冠词。retired teacher上文提到过,表特指,故选择C。
4.A 本题考查不定冠词。a lt f许多。故选择A。
5.D 本题考查零冠词。名词前已有形容词性物主代词限定,所以用零冠词。故选择D。
6.A 本题考查不定冠词。这里表示泛指,且minr的发音以辅音音素开头,故选择A。
7.C 本题考查定冠词。The next mrning在此处特指暴风雨之后的第二天早上。故选择C。
8.C 本题考查定冠词。the grund 地面,是独一无二的事物,故选择C。
9.C 本题考查定冠词。the same 同样的,表特指。故选择C。
10.A 本题考查不定冠词。 a little bit f一点。故选择A。
题组5.短文填空
When yu catch 1 endangered animal, it's right t set it free.
2 fisherman went abve and beynd t save 3 dlphin after catching it in his net by accident. Many peple gt tgether t watch as 4 fisherman freed the dlphin frm the net and then put it safely back int the water.
It tk place in Purnia, India, n July 3, Suthwest News Service reprted.The animal was a Ganges River dlphin, 5 kind f endangered species(濒危物种) prtected by the Indian Wildlife Act.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
本文是一篇新闻报道,讲述了一位渔民打渔时误捕到一只海豚,然后又把它安全放生。
1.an 本题考查不定冠词。此处用不定冠词表示泛指,且endangered的发音以元音音素开头,故填an。
2.A 本题考查不定冠词。在本文中,fisherman第一次提到,表示泛指,且它的发音以辅音音素开头,故填A。
3.a 本题考查不定冠词。此处泛指一只海豚,且dlphin的发音以辅音音素开头,故用不定冠词a。
4.the 本题考查定冠词。在本句中,fisherman特指上文提到的渔夫。
5.a 本题考查不定冠词。不定冠词表泛指,故填a。