2024届中考英语语法复习专题11构词法考点聚焦和精讲（原卷版）

这是一份2024届中考英语语法复习专题11构词法考点聚焦和精讲（原卷版），共21页。

1、转化法；2、派生法；3、合成法；4、截短法(缩略法)；5、混合法(混成法)；6、首尾字母缩略法。
英语的构词法主要有：转化法、派生法、合成法、截短法(缩略法)、混合法(混成法)和首尾字母缩略法。
一 转化法
在英语中，有的名词可作动词，有的形容词可作副词或动词，这种把一种词性用作另一种词性而词形不变的方法叫做转化法。
1. 动词转化为名词：很多动词可以转化为名词，大多意思没有多大的变化(如下①)；有时意思有一定变化(如下②)；有的与一个动词和不定冠词构成短语，表示一个动作(如下③)。
①Let’s g ut fr a . 我们到外面去散步吧。
②Let’s have a . 咱们游泳吧。
③He is a man f strng . 他是一个体格健壮的汉子。
2. 名词转化为动词：很多表示物件(如下①)，身体部位(如下②)，某类人(如下③)的名词可以用作动词来表示动作，某些抽象名词(如下④)也可作动词，
①Did yu a seat n the plane? 你订好飞机座位了吗？
②Please me the bk. 请把那本书递给我。
③She her husband back t health. 她看护丈夫，使他恢复了健康。
④We tgether. 我们在一起吃了午餐。
3. 形容词转化为动词：有少数形容词可以转化为动词。
1.We will try ur best t ur living cnditins. 我们要尽力改善我们的生活状况。
2.He dwn at the crssrad. 他在十字路口减速。
3.Please up the cld meat. 请把冷肉热一下。
4. 副词转化为动词：有少数副词可转化为动词。
Murder will . (谚语)恶事终必将败露。
5. 形容词转化为名词：表示颜色的形容词常可转化为名词(如下①)；某些形容词如ld, yung, pr, rich, wunded, injured等与the连用，表示一类人，做主语时，谓语用复数(如下②)。
①Yu shuld be dressed in at the funeral. 你在葬礼中该穿黑色衣服。
② in ur village are living a happy life. 我们村的老年人过着幸福的生活。
二 派生法
在词根前面加前缀或在词根后面加后缀构成一个与原单词意义相近或截然相反的新词叫做派生法。加在单词前面的词缀叫前缀，加在单词后面的词缀叫后缀。
1. 前缀：除少数前缀外，前缀一般改变单词的意义，不改变词性；后缀一般改变词类，而不引起词义的变化。
（1）表示否定意义的前缀，在单词的前面加这类前缀常构成与该词意义相反的新词。常用的否定前缀有：
（2）表示其他意义的前缀常用的有：
2. 后缀：英语单词不仅可以通过加前缀构成新词，也可加后缀构成新词。后缀通常会改变单词的词性，构成意义相近的其他词性；少数后缀还会改变词义，变为与原来词义相反的新词。
（1）构成名词的后缀常用的有
（2）构成动词的后缀常用的有
（3）构成形容词的后缀常用的有
【注意】后缀词-ing与-ed的区别：加-ing的后缀词形容词主语一般为物，表示“令人……的”；加-ed的后缀词形容词，主语一般为人，表示“某人感到……”。如：
The mvie was very interesting. All f us were interested in it. 那部电影很有趣。我们所有的人都对它感兴趣。（interesting指的是电影有兴趣，而interested指的是人对电影感兴趣）
（4）构成副词的常用后缀有
（5）构成数词的后缀有
三 合成法
1．合成名词
⑴名词＋名词：weekend ； ⑵名词＋动词：daybreak ；
⑶动名词＋名词：reading-rm ； ⑷代词＋名词：she-wlf ；
⑸动词＋名词：typewriter ； ⑹名词＋及物动词＋er/r：pain-killer ；
⑺形容词＋名词：gentleman ； ⑻介词＋名词：afternn ；
⑼现在分词＋名词：flying-fish ； ⑽副词＋动词：utbreak ；
⑾名词＋动名词：handwriting ； ⑿名词＋介词＋名词：editr-in-chief ；
2．合成形容词
⑴名词＋形容词 snw-white ⑵名词＋现在分词 English-speaking
⑶名词＋t＋名词 face-t-face ⑷名词＋过去分词 man-made
⑸数词＋名词 ne-way ⑹数词＋名词＋形容词 tw-year-ld
⑺数词＋名词＋ed five-streyed ⑻动词＋副词 see-thrugh
⑼形容词＋名词 high-class ⑽形容词＋名词＋ed nble-minded
⑾形容词＋形容词 light-blue ⑿形容词＋现在分词 gd-lking
⒀副词＋形容词 ever-green ⒁副词＋现在分词 hard-wrking
⒂副词＋过去分词 well-knwn ⒃副词＋名词 fast-fd
⒄介词＋名词 dwnhill
3．合成动词：⑴ 名词＋动词sleep-walk ⑵ 形容词＋动词white-wash ⑶ 副词＋动词verthrw
4．合成副词：⑴ 形容词＋名词htft ⑵ 形容词＋副词everywhere
⑶ 副词＋副词hwever ⑷介词＋名词befrehand ⑸介词＋副词frever
5．合成代词 ⑴ 代词宾格＋self herself ⑵ 物主代词＋self myself ⑶ 形容词＋名词anything
6．合成介词 ⑴副词＋名词inside ⑵介词＋副词within ⑶副词＋介词int
考点四 截短法(缩略法)
截短法，即将单词缩写，词义和词性保持不变，主要有截头、去尾、截头去尾等形式。
1．截头：telephne→phne; aerplane→plane; mnibus→bus
2．去尾：mathematics→maths; c-perate→c-p; examinatin→exam; kilgram→kil;
labratry→lab; taxicab→taxi; Mnday→Mn.; January→Jan.
3．截头去尾：influenza→flu; refrigeratr→fridge; prescriptin→script
考点五 混合法(混成法)
混合法是将两个词混合或各取一部分紧缩而成一个新词。后半部分表示主体；前半部分表示属性。如：news bradcast→newscast新闻广播；televisin bradcast→telecast电视播送；
smke and fg→smg烟雾；helicpter airprt→heliprt直升飞机场。
考点六 首尾字母缩略法
首尾字母缩略法，即用单词首尾字母组成一个新词。读音主要有两种形式，即各字母分别读音；作为一个单词读音。如：very imprtant persn →VIP (读字母音)要人；大人物；televisin →TV (读字母音)电视；
Testing f English as a Freign Language →TOEFL托福；Nrth Atlantic Treaty Organizatin →Nat北大西洋公约组织；save ur ship →SOS 国际呼救信号； Wrld Trade Organizatin →WTO世界贸易组织
一．词形变换
1．It is ___________(plite) t pint at thers when eating things.
2．I accepted an _____________(invite) t the meeting frm my bss.
3．Qian Xuesen became _____________(interest) in science when he was a yung by.
4．(2021·盐城)Chse _________(wise) hw yu spend yur spare time and with whm yu spend it.
5．Yu must be __________(patience) with yur students.
6．Our gegraphy teacher helps us knw mre abut the __________(nature) wrld.
7．It is ____________(danger) fr a girl t g ut alne at night.
8．I wnder if I shuld tell her the _______ (true)．
9. Take the medicine ______ a day befre meals, the yu will be better. (tw)
10. D yu knw the ______ between the twins in frnt f yu? (different)
11. Everyne in ur schl hpe Zhng Nanshan wrks less and lives______. (health)
12. Of all the languages, which d yu think is ______. (difficult)
13. When peple have difficulty___________(slve) the prblems, mst f them ften keep in silence.
14. Tim is a gd by by. He is always ___________(friend) t his classmates.
15. At the ______ f the class, Mr Tang tld us that Yuan Lngping passed away yesterday. (begin)
16. Yu shuld brush yur ______ twice a day t keep them healthy. (tth)
17. It’s very ______fr a dg t crss a busy street. (danger)
18. Jane’s mther lked tired and ______. What happened t her? (wrry)
19. I dn’t believe it is the__________. Smething must be hidden.(true)
20. My deskmate lked _____________, fr he failed in the English test. (happy)
21. The yung lady lked ____________ at me because I used her pen just nw . (angry)
22. Everyne is trying his best t slve the________prblems.(envirnment)
23. It’s really ________ fr him t get there n time because he culdn’t catch up with the last train. (pssible)
24. The ld man likes t live alne.Every day he reads newspaper________ in the garden. (quiet)
25. He is a great scientist frm _________. (German)
26. The girl is the mst __________ member in the schl dancing grup. (act)
27. I am nt used t the weather in Guangxi. It is __________. (change)
28. ________, I have just gt enugh mney t buy the new bks. (lucky)
29. Staying up at night is __________ t ur health.(harm)
30. They will find sme suitable ways t help thse ___________ (hme) peple
31. The children ften get _______(nise) in the classrm after class.
32. Smetimes he spends his weekend ________(fish), s his wife is always angry with him.
33. Several _______(freign) came t visit ur schl last week, s I had a chance t talk with them.
34. I think the red skirt lks as ______(gd)as the green ne.
35. Jhn just gt his _____(driver) license. Hwever, n ne dares t get n his car.
36. Lk! Mrs Green is there. Let’s g and say hell t______(she)?
37. My dadr ften _____(enjy) the TV plays in the evening.
38. Talking ludly in a library is very______(plite).
39. After tw hurs’ discussin, they ______________ (final) reached an agreement.
40. Usually news are ________________ (recrd) first and sent ut later.
41. Jhn lks at his watch frm time t time. Why is he s ________________ (patient)?
42. Hw lucky the ______________ (win) f the game shw is! A seven-day trip abrad fr free! 43. The party yesterday was a big __________(succeed). Everyne had a gd time.
二
根据句子意思，用括号中所给英语单词的适当形式填空。
（一）
1. Even a child knws September is the ______ mnth f a year.（nine）
2. Our ntebk cmputer ______ 5 punds and csts abut $2,000.（weigh）
3. Yesterday I ______ a new dress at the Macy’s fr my mum.（buy）
4. I didn’t want t be treated ______ frm anyne else.（different）
5. She was ______ in the kitchen when the light went ut.（serve）
（二）
1. He ______ (be) a vlunteer in Ya-an, Sichuan since the earthquake happened.
2. Mr. Jiang is a learned persn, and he has lts f ______ (knw).
3. The little girl is very kind and she always talks t peple ______ (plite).
4. All the _____ (village) living cnditins have greatly in recent years.
5. My teacher did what he culd ______ (make) his class lively.
（三）
1. Hw __________(care) yu are! Yu’ve kncked the cup ff the table again!
2. Jasn didn’t hear the ring, fr he_________(water) the flwers in the back yard.
3. Des Gld Theatre have___________(cmfrt) seats f the five in yur city?
4. Nw Mm feels much better after taking the _________(medical).
5. A little bird__________(fly) in thrugh the pen windw and she set it free at nce.
（四）
1. At weekends, Nancy enjys ______ (read) cmic bks at hme.
2. —Wild animals are ur friends. —I agree with yu. We must ______ (treat) them with kindness.
3. —Where is Petr frm? —He is French, if I remember ______ (crrect).
4. —This pair f shes is t tight. Culd I try a pair in a ______ (big) size?
—Of curse. Here yu are.
5. —Paul, please e-mail me thse ______ (prfessr) weekly reprts as sn as pssible. —OK! N prblem.
6. Stephen is a member f an ______ (rganize) which prtects rivers and lakes in China.
（五）
1. The Internet is _______ (wide) used in mst families in ur cuntry tday.
2. This e-dictinary desn’t belng t ________ (I). It’s Sandy’s.
3. ________ (child) Day is my favurite festival in the year.
4. I think this prblem is much ________ (easy) than that ne.
5. I’m lking frward t ________ (meet) my ld friend, Jim, this Sunday.
6. We wn’t g fr a picnic if it ________ (rain) this weekend.
7. It’s necessary fr us ________ (understand) the imprtance f health care.
8. A year ________ (divide) int twelve different star signs in sme Western cuntries.
（六）
He has much ______ (interesting) in cllecting stamps.
Believe in ______ (yu), Tny, and yu are sure t succeed.
I fund smething imprtant in ______ (tday) newspaper.
Mre trees and flwers shuld ______ (plant) t make ur hmetwn beautiful.
Dn’t wrry, Kitty. With ur help, yu will d much ______ (well) next time.
Mre and mre peple in the wrld are ______ (begin) t learn Mandarin(普通话).
It’s such a ______ (wnder) sng that we all like it.
Ya Ming is ne f the mst ppular basketball ______ (play) arund the wrld.
Bth cats lk nice n me. I really dn’t knw which ______ (chse).
I saw ur math teacher talking with Jhn when I ______ (pass) his ffice.
（七）
1. A large number f _____ (freign) visit Guizhu prvince these years.
2. Thank gdness! The letter I was lking frward t _____ (reach) me at last.
3. Hainan Island is a ______ (wnder) place t spend summer.
4. The dinner rm must _____ (clean) three times a day.
5. My cusin is used t _______ (study) with his new friends in Australia.
（八）
1. A friend f (I) is getting married next mnth.
2. Jane wuld like t live n the (three) flr .
3. The actress is in her frties. I thught she was much (yung)!
4. The man was breathing (heavy) and had bld n his shirt.
5. Every year a lt f (tur) g t Beijing t see the Great Wall.
（九）
1. _______a bike t the side must be a lt mre fun. I can't wait. (ride)
2. It is ______fr me t d t many things in tw days. Can yu help me? (pssible)
3. —“Wh's that girl ver there?”—“She's Susan, a friend f_____”(I)
4. Brad is my yunger brther. He had a special party fr his_____ birthday yesterday. ( five)
5. Lts f peple surf the Internet t lk fr sme ______abut the missing plane. (infrmatin )
（十）
1. There are (seventh) small apples in the bwl.
2. Mna als bught an alarm clck yesterday. I cmpared my alarm clck with (her).
3. Everyne knws that (library) are places fr peple t study.
4. Listen. D yu hear the sund f birds utside? Thanks t yur ears, yu can hear it ______ (clear).
5. It is said that (tmrrw) sprts meeting has been put ff because f the bad weather.
6. His tw daughters are very (difference) frm each ther.
7. The (win) f the pht cmpetitin was a 30-year-ld man frm Shanghai.
8. Mr Smith and his sn used t smke, but they (like) smking nw because they think it’s unhealthy.
（十一）
1. Eating t much sweet is bad fr yur _________(tth).
2. He is a _________(hnest)by s we seldm believe what he says.
3.We Chinese will celebrate the _____(ninety) birthday f the Chinese Cmmunist Party(中国共产党)in many ways.
4. In the mdern wrld, peple ften cntact each ther by _______ (send) e-mails.
5. T keep healthy, I decide ______(exercise) half an hur every day.
6. When traveling, yu’d better take a map with ________ (yu).
7. The students in Class 2 are having a _________(discuss) abut hw t achieve a balance between study and play.
8. Thugh she answered the teacher’s questins _________(incrrect),the teacher didn’t blame her.
9. Mre and mre peple have their wn cars. That’s why there’s ________(heavy)traffic than befre.
10.—Why are yu s happy tday? —Because I _____(win)the badmintn match.
（十二）
1. Paper making is a great ______ (invent) f ancient China.
2. My dream is t be a famus dctr and save patients' ______ (life).
3. The little by is s ______ (care) that he ften leaves his hmewrk at hme.
4. The CD can help yu knw______ (wide) the knwledge f gegraphy.
5. It's reprted that the haze（雾霾）in February, 2014 is the ______ (serius) ne these years in China.
6. Oh, dear! My iphne desn't wrk. Wuld yu please lend me ______ (yu)?
7. Our teachers ften tell us ______ (calm) dwn first when we are in danger.
8. There ______ (be) an English Summer Camp next mnth. Cme and jin us.
9. China _______(send) up several Shenzhu manned spacecraft int space since 2003.
10. The TV prgram Super Brain（最强大脑）is s fantastic that it is well wrth ______ ( watch)．
（十三）
1. —Can yu tell me smething abut Thanksgiving Day?
—It cmes n the (fur) Thursday in Nvember in the USA.
2. —Can he ask Mr. Black fr help? —Srry. He shuld slve the prblem by (he).
3. —Je, wuld yu please drive a little (fast) than befre?
—N hurry. We have enugh time befre the train leaves.
4. —Hw many (visit) cme t Jingzhu every year? —Mre than ne millin, I think.
5. —What d yu think f that clever by?
—He is a very (succeed) student, because he is interested in study.
（十四）
1. The ______ Sunday in May is Mther's Day. (tw)
2. The teacher tld us nt t g______ alne in the river, (swim)
3. I want t be an______ when I grw up. (invent)
4. Shuting in public is______. (plite)
5. We are ______ abut the gd news. (excite)
6. The______ we exercise, the healthier we'll get. (much)
7. It is______ that many drinks are bad fr ur health, (say)
8. As a student, we shuld listen t teachers ______. (careful)
9. It is very cld utside. Yu had better ______ n a cat, (put)
10. He tld me he ______ g t the Great Wall tmrrw, (will)
（十五）
1. My family live n the （five）flr f the tall building.
2. Simn and Linda didn't tell us the news. They wanted t keep the secret t （they）.
3. Yung （read）are crazy abut Gu Jingming's bks.
4. Listen! The lvely birds are singing nicely and （sft）in the trees.
5. Ricky had a （please）trip t Lushan Muntain last spring.
（十六）
1. If Simn _______ (have) time next weekend, he will g t the z.
2. Hw _______(care) yu are! Yu’ve kncked the cup ff the table again!
3. Yesterday was the _______ (ht) day f the year.
4. It seemed that the victim had many ______ (enemy).
5. I’m patient. I dn’t mind _______ (wait) fr peple.
（十七）
1. The children ften get _______(nise) in the classrm after class .
2. Smetimes he spends his weekend ________(fish).
3. Several _______(freign)came t visit ur schl last week.
4. I think the red skirt lks as ______(gd)as the green ne .
5. Jhn just gt his _____(driver) license.
6. Lk! Mrs Li is there. Let’s g and say hell t______(she)?
7. My mther ften_____(enjy) the TV plays in the evening.
8. Talking ludly in a library is very______(plite).
（十八）
1. They are trying t d smething ______(help) the ld.
2. Sally prefers staying at hme t ______(g) ut n Sundays.
3. Hw is yur uncle? Please say hell t ____(he) fr me.
4. Nancy is t yung t lk after _______(she).Dn’t leave her alne.
5. Recently the drught(干旱) is serius in the ______(suth) part f China.
6. Tday mst students can g t high schl fr further _______(educate) in ur cuntry.
7. We’re ding a lt f activities t celebrate the _____(ninety) birthday f the Cmmunist Party f China(中国共产党) this year.
（十九）
1. What shuld we d t help the _______(hme) peple after the earthquake?
2. We d lts f utdr _______(active) when spring cmes.
3. By the time I gt utside, the schl bus _______ (leave).
4. Tim was seen ______ (get) ut f the subway at the statin n Centre Street.
5. I’ve bught a present fr my father’s______(frty)birthday.
（二十）
1. Yu can make a ______ (chse) amng thse prgrammes.
2. The little girl came here by train all by ______ (she).
3. The lady lks much yunger in this ______ (fashin) dress.
4. Of the winters in recent years, last winter was the ______ (dry) ne.
5. The dctrs in the hspital are trying a new ______ (treat) fr cancer.
（二十一）
1. Climb up t the _____ flr, and yu can enjy a better view. ( eleven )
2. _____, Grace made up her mind t live abrad with her daughter. ( final )
3. It is a very _____ bk fr language learners t imprve writing skills. ( use )
4. Dn't wrry abut yur sn. He is ld enugh t be independent and live by _____. ( he )
5. The mvie Kungfu panda 11 is sure t _____ a large number f teenagers. ( attractive )
6. If yu dn’t g n a diet, it is _____ fr yu t lse weight. ( pssible )
7. The lcal peple had t mve away because f the serius _____ . ( pllute )
8. The great _____ gave his first shw in Shanghai and the tickets sld ut in minutes. (art)
（二十二）
1. The twin brthers always keep ______ (argue) abut what TV prgrammes t watch.
2. It’s easy fr lcal peple ______ (chse) varius gds in Sunnyside Shpping Mall.
3. Students in sme junir schls can ______ (learn) t play tennis r baseball in PE lessns.
4. The Bruce family had t give up camping in the Purple Muntain n such a ______ (fg) day.
5. Many students are ______ (happy) with t much hmewrk. They need mre time fr their hbbies.
（二十三）
1. He _____ (weight) nly 70 kils nw after taking a balanced diet.
2. Smetimes, bdy language in cmmunicatin is a wnderful way _____ (express) urselves.
3. There is n dubt that Myan is a great _____ (succeed) with Nbel Prize.
4. The gvernment shuld encurage scial grups t care fr the disabled wh ______ (have) difficulty in life.
5. The sngs _____ (full) f strng feelings remind us f the “gd ld days”.
6. Sme inventins that led t the clrful mvies are n shw, _____ (include) cameras.
（二十四）
1. There will be a cmpsitin cntest named “My Gd Teacher” t celebrate the ________(30) Teachers’ Day.
2. When Tm was yung, his parents were s busy that they always left him alne by_____ (he).
3. There are six__________(French) talking ludly in the rm.
4. It rains____________(heavy) in Guizhu when the peaches and plum are ready t eat June .
5. The ________ (deep) yu are in understanding, the better yu’ll be in yur wrk.
6. The ck _________ (cut) up the bananas and mixed it with milk. The milk shake tasted very delicius.
7. Let’s stp _______ (exercise) unhealthily, and we can make a better life.
8. He des his best in rder that the bks can ________(sell) ut.
9. We shuld be brave when we meet illness and __________(difficult).
10. It is _______ (luck) fr him t lse his wallet and cellphne n the playgrund.
（二十五）
1. Justin Bieber′s first single, One Time, is abut ne f his favurite ______(tpic), puppy l
2. The first cmputers were built in the 1940s, They were even ______ (big) than cars.
3. Healthy fd and plenty f vitamins are gd fr yur memry t wrk _____ (prper).
4. I gt a new bicycle frm my father n my (sixteen)birthday. I like it very much.
5. Niushu Hill is an area f natural______ (beautiful). It attracts lts f turists every spring.
6. Wearing a smile n yur face nt nly helps yu make friends but als makes yu (feel) better.
前 缀
例 词
dis- 主要加在名词、形容词，动词之前
disappear消失；dislike 不喜欢；dishnest 不诚实的；disrder混乱，骚乱；disadvantage缺点；dishnrable不光彩的；disagree不同意；dissimilar不同的
im- 加在字母m, b, p之前
impssible不可能的；implite粗鲁的，无礼的
in- 常加在形容词，名词之前
incrrect不正确的；infrmal非正式的；indirect间接的；inability无能力；inaccurate不准确的
mis- 加在动词、名词前
mistake 错误；misuse 错用misunderstand误解；misjudge误判；misfrtune不幸；
un- 主要放于名词，形容词，副词前面
unhappy不愉快的；unlucky 不幸的；untrue 不真实的；unfair不公平的；unknwn未知的，陌生的；unable不会/能的；unfriendly 不友好的；unhealthy不健康的
nn- 加在形容词、名词前
nn-existence不存在；nn-essential非本质的，不重要的nn-smker 非吸烟者
ir- 放在以r开头的英语单词前面
irregular不稳固的；irresistable不可抵抗的、irreslvable不能分解的，不能解决的
de- 加在名词、形容词前
dembilize遣散，使…复员；declr 脱色，漂白
anti- 加在名词、形容词前边
anti-Japanese抗日战争；antigas防毒气的；antiscial反社会的
cunter- 加在名词、动词前
cunterattack反攻，反击；cunteract抵抗阻碍；cunterrevlutin反革命
il- 主要加在以1开头的单词的前边
illegal非法的；illiterate文盲的 没有文化的；illgical不合逻辑的
前 缀
例 词
a- 多构成表语形容词
alne单独的；asleep睡着的；awake醒着的
aut- 表示“自动”
autchart自动图表；autbigraphy自传；Autnmus自治的
c- 表示“共同”
cperate合作；c-wrker同事
dwn- 表示“往下”
dwnlad下载；dwnstairs下楼
en- 表示“使……”
enjy使高兴；endanger（使）遇危险；enlarge变大；enable（使）能够
fre- 表示“前的”
frehead额头；fresee预见
inter- 表示“互相，在……之间”
internet互联网；internatinal国际的
kil- 表示“千”
kilmetre千米，公里；kilgram千克，公斤
man-表示“人，由人”
man-made人造的，人工的，合成的
mid- 表示“中间的”
midnight 午夜；mid-autumn中秋
micr- 表示“微观的，小的”
micrfilm缩微胶卷；micrphne话筒；micr-ecnmy微观经济
re- 表示“重新，再；又”
reuse再用；retell复述；rewrite重写；rebuild重建
sub- 表示“下面的；次；小”
subway地铁；subcnscius下（潜）意识；submarine潜艇
super- 表示“超级的”
superman 超人；supermarket超市；supergirl超级女孩
tele- 表示“远的，电信的（强调距离）”
telephne电话；telegraph；电报；telescpe望远镜；televisin 电视
后 缀
例 词
-(a)n 表示“某国人”
Australian澳大利亚人；Italian意大利人；Canadian加拿大人；Eurpean欧洲人
-ance, -ence表示“性质，程度”
attendance出勤率；acceptance接受；assistance帮助；dependence依靠
-ce表示“性质，程度”
difference不同之处；imprtance重要性；patience耐性；
-ese 表示“某国人”
Japanese日本人；Chinese中国人；Vietnamese越南人
-ess表示“雌性”
actress女演员；liness 母狮子
-(e)r表示“从事某事的人”
teacher教师；singer歌手；driver司机；writer作家；runner跑步者；winner胜利者
-ful 表示某容器的容量
handful一把的；muthful一口之量的；glassful一杯之量的
-hd表示关系或抽象意义
mtherhd母亲身份；childhd童年；girlhd少女时代；neighbrhd邻居
-ian表示“精通……的人”
musician音乐家
-ing表示“动作的过程，结果”
feeling感觉，触觉；感情，情绪；reading阅读，朗读；读物；building建筑；建筑物
-in,-sin,-tin,-atin,-itin，表示“行为的过程，结果，状况”
actin行动；slutin解决方案；cnclusin结论；结局； expressin表达；crrectin改正，修正；prnunciatin发音；读法；invitatin邀请；decisin决定；discussin讨论
-ist表示“专业人员”
pianist 钢琴家；scientist 科学家；artist艺术家；typist打字员；vilinist小提琴家
-ment表示“性质；状态”
agreement 协议；mvement 运动；develpment发展；punishment惩罚
-ness表示“性质；状态”
happiness 幸福；business 事务；illness疾病；sadness悲痛；kindness和蔼；greatness伟大
-r表示“从事某事的人”
actr 演员；sailr 海员；visitr访问者，参观者；inventr发明家/人；创造者
-ship 表示状态、抽象概念
friendship友谊；membership会员资格；leadership领导权；relatinship关系
-th
warmth温暖；truth 真理；length 长度；yuth青年；death死亡；grwth成长
-ty 表示特性或情况
difficulty困难；safety安全；beauty美人；ability能力
-ure表示“行为，结果”
failure失败；故障；pleasure快乐；希望；娱乐；令人高兴的事
后 缀
例 词
-(e)n多用于形容词名词
后变动词“使得，变得”
widen加宽；sharpen 削 ；变尖；lsen 使松散；strengthen加强；lessen减少
-fy表示“使……化”
beautify美化；purify提纯
-ize表示“使……成为”
realize意识到；rganize组织
后 缀
例 词
-able表示“有能力的”
reasnable有道理的；eatable 能吃的；enjyable 令人愉快的
-al
natural自然的；natinal 民族的，国家的；
-an/ian表示“某国(人)的”
American美国（人）的；Australian澳大利亚（人）的；Indian印度（人）的
-ed
mved受感动的
-en 多用于表示材料的名词后“由……构成的”
wlen羊毛的；羊毛制的；glden金的；wden木制的；frighten恐吓
-ent/-ant
pleasant令人愉快的；dependent依赖的；different不同的
-ern表示“方向的”
eastern东方的；suthern南方的；nrthern北方的western西方的
-ese表示“某国人的”
Chinese中国人的；Japanese日本人的
-ful
beautiful美丽的；careful小心的；pwerful强大的；clrful多彩的
-ing
mving 感动的；encuraging 鼓舞人心的；exciting令人激动的；interesting有趣的
-(ic)al
electric/electrical 电的；histric有历史性的；ecnmical经济的；plitical政治的；scientific科学的
-ish
childish孩子气的；selfish自私的；wmanish像女人的；bkish书呆子气的
-ive
active积极的，cllective集体的 ；decisive决定性的；native本国的
-less 表示“否定”
careless 粗心的；useless 无用的；hpeless希望渺茫的；cuntless不可数的；helpless无助的
-like表示“像……的”
girllike像女孩一样的；bylike像男孩一样的；mtherlike像母亲一样的
-ly
friendly友好的；yearly每年的；mnthly每月的，weekly每周的；lvely可爱的；lively活泼的
-us
famus著名的；cntinuus连续不断的；delicius可口的
-sme
handsme英俊的，大方的；gladsme愉快的；tiresme疲惫的；lnesme孤独的
-(t)y
thirsty口渴的；nisy喧闹的；healthy健康的
-y 表示“天气”
snwy雪的；rainy下雨的；cludy多云的；dusty多尘的
后 缀
例 词
-ly主要用于形容词之后表示方式或程度
angrily生气地；slwly慢慢地，beautifully美丽地；terribly可怕地
-ward(s) 主要用于表示方位的词之后表示方向
twards朝……，向……；eastward向东方地；backwards向后退地；upwards向上地；westward向西地；hmeward向家去地
-wise
therwise否则；likewise同样地；clckwise顺时针方向地；
后 缀
例 词
-teen (十几)
thirteen三十；furteen十四；fifteen十五；sixteen十六；eighteen十八；nineteen十九
-ty (几十)
twenty二十；thirty三十；frty四十；fifty五十；sixty六十；eighty八十nine→ninety九十
-th (构成序数词)
fifth第五； sixth第六；sixteenth第十六；frtieth第四十；twenty-first第二十一