2024届中考英语语法复习专题16定语从句考点聚焦和精讲（原卷版）

这是一份2024届中考英语语法复习专题16定语从句考点聚焦和精讲（原卷版），共10页。试卷主要包含了 定语从句的定义， 定语从句的先行词， 定语从句的关系词， 定语从句的结构， 关系代词引导的定语从句， 关系副词引导的定语从句等内容，欢迎下载使用。
1. 定语从句的定义：修饰一个名词或代词的从句称为定语从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。
2. 定语从句的先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。先行词在定语从句中充当主语，宾语，时间状语，地点状语，原因状语。
3. 定语从句的关系词：引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词。关系词有关系代词和关系副词。
关系代词有that, which, wh, whm, whse, as 等；
关系副词有where, when, why等。
关系词常有3个作用：1. 引导定语从句。2. 代替先行词。3. 在定语从句中担当一个成分。
4. 定语从句的结构：先行词+关系词+定语从句。
5. 关系代词引导的定语从句
（1）wh指人，在从句中做主语。
The wman visited ur factry yesterday is an Australian friend. 昨天参观我们工厂的女士是一位澳大利亚朋友。
（2）whm指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略。
【注意】关系代词whm在口语和非正式语体中常用wh代替，可省略。
1.This is the student I met yesterday. 这是我昨天见到的那个学生。
2.Wh’s that man yu just talked t? 刚才与你谈话的那个男人是谁？
3.The man yu met just nw is my friend. 你刚刚遇见的那个人是我的朋友。
（3）which指物，在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略。
1.The she shp is a shp sells shes. 鞋店是销售鞋的商店。
2.The bk I read last night was wnderful. 我昨晚看的那本书很精彩。
（4）that指人时，相当于wh 或者whm；指物时，相当于which。在宾语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略。
1.She is ne f the students wrks very hard. 她是最用功的学生中的一个。
2.A library is a place peple like very much. 图书馆是一个人们非常喜欢的地方。
（5）whse通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语。
【注意】whse指物时，常用以下结构来代替。
1.This is ur classmate, Mary, hme is nt far frm ur schl. 这是我们的同学玛丽，她的家离我们学校不远。
2.He has a friend father is a dctr. 他有一个爸爸是医生的朋友。
3.I nce lived in a huse rf has fallen in. 我曾经住在一幢屋顶已倒塌的房子。
4.D yu like the bk cver is yellw? 你喜欢那本封面是黄色的书？
=D yu like the bk the cver is yellw? 你喜欢那本封面是黄色的书？
5.The classrm dr is brken will sn be repaired. 门坏了的那个教室将很快修复。
=The classrm the dr is brken will sn be repaired. 门坏了的那个教室将很快修复。
（6）介词+关系代词引导的定语从句：关系代词在定语从句中做介词宾语时，从句常由介词+关系代词引导。
① 含有介词的动词短语一般不拆开使用，如：lk fr, lk after, take care f等。
② 若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时用whm，不可用wh或者that；指物时用which，不能
用that；关系代词是所有格时用whse。
1.This is the watch which/that I am lking fr. (T) // This is the watch fr which I am lking. (F)
The man with whm yu talked is my friend. (T) // The man wh/that yu talked with is my friend. (F)
The plane in which we flew t Canada is very cmfrtable. (T) // The plane in that we flew in t Canada is very cmfrtable. (F)
7. 关系副词引导的定语从句
（1）when引导的定语从句其先行词往往是表示时间的名词，在句中作状语。关系副词when引导的定语从句也可以转换为“介词+which”引导的定语从句。
【注意】若定语从句的先行词是时间，但定语从句缺主语或宾语，则用which或that引导定语从句。
1.I still remember the day I first came t Beijing. 我仍然记得来北京的第一天。
2.I still remember the time I lived in the cuntryside. 我还记得我住在乡下的时候。
3.I’ll never frget the time I spent n campus. 我决不会忘记我在校园中度过的日子。
4.I’ll never frget the time was spent with yu. 我永远不会忘记你在一起的时光。
（2）where引导的定语从句其先行词往往是表示地点的名词，在句中作状语。关系副词where引导的定语从句可以转换为“介词+which”引导的定语从句。
【注意】若定语从句的先行词是地点，但定语从句缺主语或宾语，用which或that引导定语从句，而不用where来引导。
1.Shanghai is the city I was brn. 上海是我出生的城市。
2.The htel we stayed wasn’t clean. 我们住的那个旅馆不干净。
3.This is the huse I lived tw years ag. 这就是我两年前住的房子。
4.The library yu visited yesterday was built in 1990. 你昨天参观的图书馆建于1990年。
（3）why引导的定语从句其先行词往往是表示原因的名词（excuse ; explanatin; reasn），在句中作状语。关系副词why引导的定语从句可以转换为“fr +which ”引导的定语从句。
【注意】若定语从句的先行词是reasn，但定语从句缺主语或宾语，则用which或that引导定语从句。
1.I knw the reasn he came late. 我知道他来晚的原因。
2.We can’t accept the excuse yu were absent. 我们不能接受你缺席的借口。
3.This is the explanatin they put ff the meeting. 这就是他们推迟会议的解释。
4.The reasn she gave was nt true. 她给的原因不是真的。
8. 限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句
限制性定语从句：从句对先行词进行必要的描述或说明，缺少它，则句义显得不完整，从句与先行词紧密相连。同先行词之间一般不加逗号，仅修饰先行词，可以由关系代词、关系副词或that来引导。
非限制性定语从句：对先行词进行补充说明，解释，它与先行词之间有逗号隔开，既可修饰先行词，又可修饰整个主句，不可用that引导。
（1）限制性定语从句举例：
China is a cuntry which has a lng histry. 中国是一个具有悠久历史的国家。
The teacher tld me that Tm was the nly persn that I culd depend n. 老师告诉我汤姆是我唯一可以依靠的人。
（2）非限制性定语从句举例：
His mther, wh lves him very much, is strict with him. 他妈妈十分地爱他，对他要求很严格。
China, which was funded in 1949, is becming mre and mre pwerful. 成立于1949的中国，正变得越来越强大。
要注意区分以下句子的不同：
His brther wh is nw a dctr always encurages him t g t cllege. 他那当医生的哥哥常鼓励他要考上大学。（他还有其他的哥哥）
His brther, wh is nw a dctr, always encurages him t g t cllege. 他的哥哥是当医生的，常鼓励他要考上大学。（他只有一个哥哥）
9. 限制性定语从句只能用that 的几种情况
① 先行词为不定代词all, few, little, much, everything, nthing 等。
② 先行词被序数词或形容词的最高级修饰时。
③ 先行词被all, any, every, few, little, n, sme 等不定代词修饰时。
④ 先行词被the nly, the very, the last, the same 等修饰时。
⑤ 当主句是以wh或 which 开头的特殊疑问句时，定语从句用that 引导。
⑥ 先行词既有人又有物时。
⑦ time作先行词，前面如果有序数词或 last 修饰时，定语从句用 that 来引导或省略；如果没有序数词或 last 修饰时，既可用 when 也可用that来引导。
1.All he said is true. 他所说的都是真的。
2.All yu have t d is t practice every day. 你要做的就是每天都要练习。
3.The first lessn I learned will never be frgtten. 我将永远不会忘记我上的第一堂课。
4.This is the best film I have ever seen. 这是我看过的最好的一部电影。
5.I have read all the bks yu gave me. 我已经读完了你给我的所有的书。
6.The white flwer is the nly ne I really like. 这朵白花是我唯一真正喜欢的。
7.This is the very bk I want t read. 这就是我要看的那本书。
8.This is the same skirt I want t buy. (同一条裙子) 这就是我想买的那条裙子。
9.This is the nly bk I have read this year. 这是我今年读过的唯一的一本书。
10.Wh is the man is standing there? 站在那儿的那个人是谁？
11.Which f us knws smething abut physics desn't knw this? 在我们懂点物理的人当中有谁不知道这个？
12.We talked abut the persns and things we culd remember. 我们谈论了我们所能记得的人和事。
13.This is the last time I shall give yu a lessn. 这是我最后一次给你们上课了。
14.The first time I saw him was in 2002. 我第一次见到他是在2002年。
15.There isn’t much I can d. 我能做的不多。
10. 下列情况只能用 which：
①关系代词作介词的宾语时，用“介词＋which”结构。②引导非限制性定语从句时，只能用which。
1.This nvel, I have read three times, is very tuching. 这本小说很动人，我已经读了三遍了。
2.This is the bk yu ask. 这是你要的那本书。
题组1填空题
1.It is the same with ur lives. Thse chse t live in peace must help their neighbrs t live in peace.
2.“Anyne has heard abut Seattle’s train may think this is kind f fun,”McKaulay said.
3.Theaters may have a brighter future if they can prvide a mvie experience peple cannt get at hme.
4.Great changes have taken place in ur city in the past ten years. Everything cmes int sight is s new t me.
5.—Why dn’t yu like fishing?
—Fishing is a hbby needs much patience,but I’m nt patient at all.
6.Running Man is a very relaxing TV prgram is ht amng the yung peple.
题组2单项选择
1.Nt all children watch this vide will becme a scientist, but sme may becme interested in science.
A.whmB.whichC.whD.whse
2.Anyne wh is a server r has been ne knws that custmers always cme first.
A.whmB.whatC.whD.which
3.—Class, yu shuld be thankful t thse peple helped and supprted yu.
—We will, Miss Chen.
A.whichB.whmC.whD.whse
4.I hate the dgs live in the next huse. They make lud nises all night.
A.whB.thatC.whatD.whm
5.—D yu like the weekly talk shw, The Reader, n CCTV?
—Sure. It’s a great TV prgramme brings the habit f reading back int the public.
A.whB.thatC.what
6.She ften parks her car near the huse she can easily get t.
A.whereB.whC.whichD.what
题组3
1．（2023·湖北十堰·统考中考真题）I will remember the imprtant peple ________ helped and supprted me in my life.
A．whichB．whseC．whmD．wh
2．（2023·四川遂宁·中考真题）Miss Xiang is a great teacher _________always makes her classes lively and fascinating.
A．whichB．whC．whatD．whm
3．（2023·新疆·中考真题）Lts f Chinese yung peple ___________ were brn after 1995 use dr-t-dr cking t save time.
A．thatB．thseC．whichD．/
4．（2023·吉林·统考中考真题）The students are reading bks ________ are full f the “red spirit” these days.
A．whB．whereC．which
83．（2023·黑龙江·统考中考真题）— What can we d fr the left-hme children ________ need help?
— We culd help them with their study nline n weekends.
A．whichB．whC．whm
5．（2023·黑龙江绥化·统考中考真题）Mrs. Wang is an English teacher ________ makes her class lively.
A．whichB．whseC．wh
6．（2023·四川乐山·统考中考真题）Gu Mru is a famus Chinese writer ________ is ppular arund the wrld.
A．whichB．whmC．wh
7．（2023·湖南株洲·统考中考真题）Tday’s China is a cuntry ________ keeps t this natinal character.
A．whatB．whC．that
8．（2023·湖南郴州·统考中考真题）Tea is the leaf f a plant ________ grws widely in China, Japan and ther cuntries.
A．whatB．whC．that
题组4语法选择
One day, 14-year-ld Wen Jiayi psted a pht n QQ 1 she tk when she graduated (毕业) frm primary schl. Hwever, ne f her classmates wrte “Yu're s ugly” and “Idit” under the pht. Wen was shcked 2 didn't knw hw t reply.
This is a typical example f cyber bullying (网络欺凌), 3 refers t sending, psting, r sharing negative (消极的) cntents abut smene else nline. Lts f kids these days have experienced sme frm f cyber bullying. Accrding t a recent survey by the Chinese Academy f Scial Sciences (中国社会科学院), there are nearly 30 percent f teenagers in China 4 have been bullied nline. The mst cmmn frm f cyber bullying is the use f abusive (辱骂的) language, such as calling smebdy's names r saying rude things abut them.
Nearly 70 percent f cyber bullying happens thrugh scial media, similar t 5 Wen experienced. Other kinds f bullying happen in nline cmmunities and n vide and news sites. This is familiar t Sun Zhenya, 14, 6 studies in Hefei N. 50 Middle Schl in Anhui. 7 he cmments (评论) n news articles, he smetimes receives rude messages frm strangers. “It cmes ut f nwhere and drives me crazy,” Sun said. He adds the bullies t his blacklist and reprts them t the sites he psts n.
“Hwever, mst victims dn't take this kind f actin. Abut 60 percent f cyber bullying victims stay silent,” experts say. But 8 yu receive threatening (威胁性的) messages, yu shuld ask yur parents r teachers fr help. Cyber bullying can be a real threat. “I think 9 it's as harmful as physical bullying. It des harm t ur mental health, 10 is hard t deal with,” Wen said.
B.that C.when D.wh
B.but C.r D.s
B.what C.which D.where
B.wh C.whm D.whse
B.which C.what D.wh
B.wh C.whm D.whse
B.Thugh C.When D.Befre
B.unless C.because D.until
B.why C.when D.that
B.what C.which D.that
题组5 短文填空
During the Jin Dynasty (266—420), there was a child 1 name was Che Yin. He was smart and lved t read. He grew up in a pr family 2 culdn't affrd lamp il (灯油) t study at night.
One night, he saw fireflies (萤火虫) utside his huse and came up with an idea. He caught sme fireflies in a bag 3 he hung up as a lamp. It is said 4 he spent all f his summer nights reading like this.
Anther child named Sun Kang als lved reading. One night during winter, Sun used up all f his lamp il and culdn't study at night. 5 he wke up at midnight, he saw the snw reflecting (反射) the mnlight utside his huse. “Oh, I can use the reflected light t read!” he thught. He tk ut his bks and read, 6 he was cld.
Bth f these kids later became successful gvernment fficials (官员). Peple were tuched by their hardwrking spirit and turned their stries int the Chinese idim (成语) nangying yingxue.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.