专题16 短文填空（首字母，自由填空，选词，杂糅）（课件）-2024年中考英语二轮复习讲练测（全国通用）

这是一份专题16 短文填空（首字母，自由填空，选词，杂糅）（课件）-2024年中考英语二轮复习讲练测（全国通用），共60页。PPT课件主要包含了PART ONE，PART TWO，PART THREE，考向1 选词填空，PART FOUR，PART FIVE，考向2 首字母填空，首字母填空，考向3 自由填空等内容，欢迎下载使用。

短文填空是中考英语试卷最难题目之一，它的分值是10-15分，分为10个小题。短文填空一般在一篇200~250字左右的故事性短文中挖出10个空，要求学生通读短文，并根据上下文来补全短文，每空只能填一个单词。主要考九大词类（名词、动词、形容词、副词、代词、数词、介词、连词、冠词）。该题旨在测试考生的英语阅读理解能力和简单的书面表达能力，看其是否能够运用所学过的英语知识进行简单的书面交流，从而达到既考查学生的语言基础知识，又考查他们的观察能力、联想能力以及对语言的综合运用能力。为了答好短文填空题目，我们要打好基础关。这个基础关既包括1600个单词，300多个短语以及一部分常用句型和习惯用语的意思和用法，也包括各种词的词形变化。
（2023·广东） 请从方框内选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，使文章完整连贯。注意每空一词，每词仅用一次，有两词为多余项。请将答案写在答题卡对应题目的答题位置上。
There is a small thing we use every day. We usually put ____1____ in the bathrm. Withut it, we might have tth prblems. Can yu guess ____2____ it is? Yes, it’s the tthbrush. But d yu knw anything abut its histry?Accrding t sme research, befre tthbrushes appeared, the ancient Chinese peple ____3____ their teeth with sme small tree branches (树枝). Abut 800 years ag, peple made a kind f brushes with pig hair and bamb. It might ____4____ the wrld’s earliest frm f tthbrushes. As time went ____5____, the frms f tthbrushes changed. Fr example, peple chse hrse-tail hair instead f pig hair ____6____ pig hair was t hard. Imagine that yu travel back t ____7____ f years ag and brush yur teeth cmfrtably. It sunds fantastic, desn’t it?
Arund the 15th century, the Chinese tthbrush fund its way int Eurpe. It became ____8____ amng lcal peple sn. The ____9____ f tthbrushes was nt as famus as that f paper-making, but it was very useful in daily life. Tday we have a gd ____10____ f brushing teeth. We shuld thank the ancient Chinese fr it.【答案】1. it 2. what 3. cleaned 4. be 5. by 6. because 7. hundreds 8. ppular 9. inventin 10. habit【解析】本文介绍了牙刷的历史和功能。1.句意：我们通常把它放在浴室里。指代前文“a small thing”，需用代词it。故填it。2.句意：你能猜出它是什么吗？根据“Can yu is?”可知是询问猜出它是什么。what“什么”。故填what。
3.句意：根据一些研究，在牙刷出现之前，中国古人用一些小树枝清洁牙齿。根据“befre tthbrushes appeared, the ancient Chinese teeth...”可知没有牙刷，古人会用树枝清洁牙齿。clean the teeth表示“清理牙齿”；句子是一般过去时，动词需用过去式。故填cleaned。4.句意：这可能是世界上最早的牙刷。此处是系表结构，情态动词might后跟be动词原形。故填be。5.句意：随着时间的推移，牙刷的形状也发生了变化。As time went by“随着时间的流逝”。故填by。6.句意：例如，人们选择马尾毛而不是猪毛，因为猪毛太硬了。前后句之间是因果关系，前果后因，用because表示“因为”。故填because。7.句意：想象一下，你回到几百年前，舒舒服服地刷牙。根据“Abut 800 years ag”可知此处是hundreds f短语，表示“数以百计的”。故填hundreds。8.句意：它开始流行起来。根据“It lcal peple sn.”可知空处需填入形容词作表语，ppular“受欢迎的”符合语境。故填ppular。9.句意：牙刷的发明不像造纸术那样出名，但在日常生活中非常有用。根据“ tthbrushes”可知是指牙刷的发明。inventin“发明”。故填inventin。10.句意：今天我们养成了刷牙的好习惯。根据“Tday we have a brushing teeth.”可知刷牙是好习惯。have a gd habit f“有一个……好习惯”。故填habit。
选词填空是指把一篇文章的关键词语挖空，词序打乱，让学生根据短文内容选择正确的词语填空。此类题型主要是要求学生在正确理解和把握文章的基础上，通过分析行文线索来填写空缺单词，补全短文。STEP 1详读选项，词分类文章选项中的10个词是考查的关键，考生应该详细的理解这10个单词。熟悉的单词标明词性和词义，不熟悉的单词或者不认识的单词只需标明词性，然后根据名词、动词、形容词、副词四大类按规律 排列在试卷上。这样就缩小了选择的范围，降低了试题的难度。STEP 2略读全文，定中心考生拿到题目以后，由于考查考生对篇章的理解，应该略读整篇文章，确定文章的中心或主要说明的 问题。要抓住文章首句，迅速找到文章的主题词或主题。和完型填空一样，一般文章第一句不设空格，以 便让考生知道本文的相关主题词或主题。在此，建议大家使用略读的方法，以快速掌握文章大意。
STEP 3瞻前顾后，灵活选词性分类之后，回到原文中，根据原文中空格的前后单词或者前后语句确定所要填的词性，然后从分 类好的单词中选择出词性、意思、语法都符合要求的最佳选项。首先，根据语法知识确认可以被填入此空 的词性，然后按第一步中标注出的词性进行筛选，最后将备选词逐个代入空中细读句意，考虑上下问逻辑 关系做出选择。STEP 4复核检查，定结果篇章词汇理解题目类似于完型填空，这需要考生不仅要迅速的确定答案，还要在确定答案之后迅速的 复查。检查上下文是否通顺、上下文的逻辑结构是否正确、文章的意思是否出现偏差等等，复查无误后即 可确定为最后答案。
（2024·广东佛山·一模）请用适当的词完成下面的短文，并把所缺单词填写在答题卡指定的位置上。每个空只能填写一个形式正确、意义相符的单词。
In the mrning , Wang Xin rides his new bike t schl. This year, Wang Xin’s parents bught a bike 1 him. Wang Xin nw 2 in a small village in the muntains. Life used t be very hard fr him and 3 family. The main rad was steep (陡峭的) and had many “Z” shape turnings. S it was very 4 t drive r ride bikes n this rad. All ther rads in the village were filled with stnes. Many peple easily fell dwn because f these stnes and hurt themselves, 5 at night.
Fr little kids like Wang Xin, they had t 6 t schl every day fr at least tw and a half hurs. Recently, great 7 have taken place in this village. Thanks t the lcal gvernment, the new rads were 8 . Since all f the rads nw are wide and smth, Wang Xin and ther kids nw can ride their bikes t schl. It nly takes them half an hur t get t schl, which is 9 fr students in the past. “Our village is becming mre and mre beautiful nw. I want t g t cllege t learn mre knwledge and make a cntributin (贡献) t my 10 ” Wang Xin said. “We are all really thankful t ur great gvernment.”【答案】1．fr 2．lives 3．his 4．dangerus 5．especially 6．walk 7．changes 8．built 9．impssible 10．hmetwn
【解析】本文主要介绍了王欣的村庄近些年的变化。1．句意：今年，王欣的父母给他买了一辆自行车。根据“bught a bike”可知，buy sth fr sb“为某人买某物”。故填fr。2．句意：王欣现在住在山里的一个小村庄里。根据“Wang Xin a small village in the muntains.”可知，此处说的是王欣的居住地；本句时态为一般现在时，主语为第三人称单数，动词live“居住”要用单三形式。故填lives。3．句意：对他和他的家人来说，过去的生活非常艰难。根据“him ”可知，此处指“他和他的家人”，应用he的形容词性物主代词形式his修饰名词。故填his。4．句意：所以在这条路上开车或骑自行车是非常危险的。根据“The main rad was steep and had many ‘Z’ shape turnings.”可知，在陡峭的路上骑车很危险，dangerus“危险的”，符合语境。故填dangerus。5．句意：许多人很容易因为这些石头摔倒而受伤，尤其是在晚上。根据“Many peple easily fell dwn because f these stnes and hurt themselves”可知，夜晚出行尤其危险，especially“特别，尤其”，符合语境。故填especially。
6．句意：对于像王欣这样的孩子来说，他们每天至少要走两个半小时的路去上学。根据“drive r ride bikes n this rad”可知，他们不能骑车或开车上学，因此只能步行；walk“步行”，符合语境。故填walk。7．句意：最近，这个村子发生了很大的变化。根据“have taken place in this village”可知，此处说的是村子的变化，应用可数名词change“变化”的复数形式。故填changes。8．句意：多亏了当地政府，新的道路得以修建。根据“the new rads were”可知，此处指“修路”，主语new rads是动作的承受者，应用一般过去时的被动语态：was/were dne；build“修建”的过去分词为built。故填built。9．句意：到学校只需要半个小时，这对过去的学生来说是不可能的。根据“fr at least tw and a half hurs”可知，半个小时就能到学校，这在以前是不可能的，impssible“不可能的”，符合语境。故填impssible。10．句意：我想上大学，学习更多的知识，为家乡做贡献。根据“Our village is becming mre and mre beautiful nw. I want t g t cllege t learn mre knwledge and make a cntributin t...”可知，此处指“为家乡做贡献”，hmetwn“家乡”，符合语境。故填hmetwn。
（2023·四川成都）短文填空从下面方框中选出10个单词，将其正确形式填入短文，使短文意思正确通顺 (每词限用一次)。
D yu believe a rse plant says “I want sme water” r a tree shuts “My arms hurt”? Maybe yu will say this culd nly happen in sme ___1___ stries.In fact, plants are nt always ___2___. A recent study has fund plants shut when they are in need f water r having their stems cut. “Even in a quiet field, there are___3___ sme sunds that carry infrmatin. Hwever, the pitch (音高) is t high fr peple ___4___,” said Lilach Hadany, a prfessr frm Tel Aviv University.
The researchers used micrphnes t recrd sme tmat plants and fund that stressed plants send ut ___5___ sunds than unstressed plants. “When tmates are nt stressed at all, they are very quiet,” Prfessr Hadany said. They als trained a machine in ___6___ the differences between thirsty plants and cut plants. The result shws that when the causes f stress change, they shut ___7___. After the team recrded many kinds f ther plants, they fund that many plants like crn, wheat and grape plants send ut sunds when they are under stress, t.“There is a ___8___ that a lt f cmmunicatin is happening,” Prfessr Hadany said. “Because ther plants can prbably hear the call f the stressed plants.”Sund recrdings f plants culd bring humans lts f ___9___, especially in farming. Fr example, peple will make sure whether crn is getting enugh water r where water is needed mst withut much ___10___.
【答案】1. children’s 2. silent 3. actually 4. t hear 5. mre 6. telling 7. differently 8. pssibility 9. advantages 10. difficulty【解析】本文是一篇科普类的文章，介绍了植物在承受不同压力的时候会发出不同的声音，并且介绍了植物的记录在农业方面的好处。1.句意：也许你会说这只会发生在一些儿童故事中。根据“this culd nly happen in sme… stries”及备选词可知，只会发生在一些儿童故事中，要用child的复数形式children，且修饰名词stries，用其名词所有格形式，故填children’s。2.句意：事实上，植物并不总是沉默的。根据“there are… sme sunds that carry infrmatin”可知，植物会发出一些声音来传递信息，所以它们并不是沉默的，silent“沉默的”，故填silent。3.句意：即使在安静的田野里，实际上也有一些携带信息的声音。此空缺少副词作状语，备选词actual的副词actually“实际上”符合，故填actually。4.句意：然而，音调太高，人们听不到。根据“the pitch (音高) is t high fr peple”及备选词可知，人们听不到这些声音，hear“听”，t…t“太……而不能”，故填t hear。
5.句意：研究人员用麦克风记录了一些番茄植株，发现受到压力的植株比没有受到压力的植株发出更多的声音。根据than可知，此处用比较级，根据“When tmates are nt stressed at all, they are very quiet”可知，当番茄完全没有承受压力时，它们会非常安静，也就是说受到压力的植株比没有受到压力的植株发出更多的声音，many的比较级mre“更多的”符合，故填mre。6.句意：他们还训练了一台机器来区分干渴的植物和被切割的植物。根据“the differences between thirsty plants and cut plants”及备选词可知，讲述干渴的植物和切割的植物之间的区别，tell“讲述”，in是介词，后接动名词，故填telling。7.句意：研究结果表明，当压力的原因发生变化时，它们产生的效果会有所不同。根据“when the causes f stress change, they shut”以及备选词可知，压力原因发生变化，产生的效果也不同，副词differently修饰动词shut，故填differently。8.句意：有一种可能性是大量的交流正在发生。根据a可知，此空应填名词，备选词pssible的名词pssibility符合，表示一种可能性，故填pssibility。9.句意：植物的记录可以给人类带来很多好处，尤其是在农业方面。根据“peple will make sure whether crn is getting enugh water…”可知，会给人们带来一些好处，advantage“优势”，lts f修饰名词的复数形式，故填advantages。10.句意：例如，人们可以毫不费力地确定玉米是否有足够的水或者哪里最需要水。根据前文描述可知，这种记录可以给人们带来好处，所以此处指毫不费力地确定玉米是否有足够的水或者哪里最需要水，withut difficulty“毫不费力地”，故填difficulty。
（2023·江苏扬州）根据短文内容和首字母提示，在下文空格处填入适当的词使短文完整。在答题卡标有题号的横线上，完整地写出空缺处各单词的正确形式。（每空一词）Peter Pan wishes Wendy, Jhn and Michael, especially Wendy, wuld stay in Neverland frever, but finally the Darling children decide t fly back hme and grw up.“Quick
Tink,” Peter whispers. “S____1____ the windw. Then when Wendy cmes back, she will think her mther desn’t lve her anymre, and she will return t Neverland with me.”Mrs. Darling is playing the pian. Peter didn’t knw the tune, Hme, Sweet Hme, b____2____ he knws it’s saying, “Cme back, Wendy, Wendy, Wendy.” Peter lks thrugh the dr and sees tw big tears in Mrs. Darling’s eyes.
“She lves Wendy,” he thinks. “But I lve Wendy, t. We c____3____ bth have her.”He lks at Mrs. Darling again. The tw tears are still sitting n her e____4____.“Oh, all right,” he says at last, sadly. Then he pens the windw.When Wendy, Jhn, and Michael arrive, they find the windw ____5____ fr them. They all get int bed t surprise their mther.When Mrs. Darling ges back t the children’s rm, they are all in their beds. They wait fr her t say smething, but she says n____6____. She thinks she is dreaming. She sits by the fire.The children are s w____7____. Why isn’t their mther happy t see them again? All three f them jump ut f bed, run t her and shut, “Mther!” She realizes she is nt d____8____ anymre. Mr. Darling and Nana cme in. They are all s happy. Peter w____9____ them frm the windw but he is lking at smething he will never have.Many years pass. When Peter visits Wendy again, she has g ____10____ up and has a daughter f her wn. Peter is still a by wh can’t grw up.—Taken frm Peter Pan
【答案】1. (S)hut 2. (b)ut 3. (c)an’t 4. (e)yes 5. ()pen 6. (n)thing 7. (w)rried 8. (d)reaming 9. (w)atches 10. (g)rwn【解析】本文出自文学作品《彼得·潘》，讲述了小飞侠彼得·潘决定把朋友送回家的故事。1句意：关上窗户。根据“S... the windw”可知，彼得想关上窗户，shut“关闭”符合语境，祈使句用动词原形开头。故填(S)hut。2.句意：彼得不知道《家，甜蜜的家》这首曲子，但他知道它在说：“回来吧，温蒂，温蒂。”。根据“Peter didn’t knw”和“he knws”可知，前后是转折关系，用but连接。故填(b)ut。3.句意：我们不可能都拥有她。根据“She lves Wendy”和“But I lve Wendy, t.”可知，他们都爱温蒂，但不能同时拥有她，can’t“不能”符合语境。故填(c)an’t。4.句意：那两滴眼泪仍然留在她的眼睛上。根据“tw tears”可知，眼泪仍然留在她的眼睛上，eye“眼睛”，用复数。故填(e)yes。5.句意：当温蒂、约翰和迈克尔到达时，他们发现窗户为他们打开了。根据“Then he pens the windw.”可知，窗户是开着的，pen“打开的”，形容词作宾补。故填()pen。
6.句意：他们等她说什么，但她什么也没说。根据“They wait fr her t say smething, but…”可知，她什么也没说，不定代词nthing“什么都没有”符合语境。故填(n)thing。7.句意：孩子们很担心。根据“Why isn’t their mther happy t see them again?”可知，孩子们是担心的，wrried“担心的”，形容词作表语。故填(w)rried。8.句意：她意识到自己不是在做梦了。根据“All three f them jump ut f bed, run t her and shut, ‘Mther!’ ”可知，孩子们去喊妈妈，让她知道自己没有在做梦，孩子们真的回来了，dream“做梦”，用现在分词形式与is构成现在进行时。故填(d)reaming。9.句意：彼得从窗户看着他们，但他看到的是他永远不会拥有的东西。根据“but he is lking at smething he will never have.”可知，彼得在看着他们，watch“看，注视”符合语境，时态为一般现在时，主语是“Peter”，动词用三单。故填(w)atches。10.句意：当彼得再次拜访温蒂时，她已经长大了，有了自己的女儿。根据“Many years pass.”可知，温蒂长大了，grw up“长大”，固定短语，grw用过去分词形式与has构成现在完成时。故填(g)rwn。
首字母填空是根据句意和已给出的首字母，在句子的空白处填上适当的单词，使句子意思完整，语法正确的一种题型。该题型既考查学生的单词记忆和拼写能力，又考查学生对句子的理解和运用能力。满分技巧1. 跳过空格，不看选项，快速地阅读全文，从整体上感知全文，掌握大意，了解全篇的内容和要旨。快速阅读时宁粗勿细，切忌只盯住一个句子仓促解题，这样势必因胸无全局而误入歧途。快速阅读时，还要注意找出关键词，这些词在文中起支撑骨架的功能，抓住了关键词就抓住了故事的线索。特别是要重视首句，善于以首句的时态、语气为立足点，理清文脉，推测全文时态、主题及大意。
2. 复读短文，确定语义，判断词形。把握短文大意后再认真复读短文，利用上下文的语境，结合所学过的知识，先确定空格处所需词语的意义，再根据空格在句子中的位置，判断其在句中充当的成分，从而确定所填词的词性，再依据词语搭配和语法规则，判断所填词的正确形式。如短文难度较大，尤其是难于选词时，从本句的前后观察中一时尚不得要领，就要进一步扩大到上下文中分析。3. 三读短文，上下参照，验证答案。在短文的空白处分别填上一个词后，将完成的短文再细读一遍，上下参照，连贯思考。可从上下文内容是否协调一致、顺理成章，语法结构是否正确无误等进行综合验证，凡有疑问必须重新推敲考虑。
（2023-24·江苏扬州统考）根据短文内容和首字母提示，在下文空格处填入适当的单词使短文完整。（每空一词）Chinese writer Hai Ya’s The Space-Time Painter wn the Hug Award fr Best Nvelette n Oct 21. He became the t____1____ Chinese writer t win a Hug award after Liu Cixin in 2015 and Ha Jingfang in 2016.When creating The Space Time Painter, Hai Ya gt his i____2____ frm a famus painting, A Panrama f Rivers and Muntains. It is by Wang Ximeng frm the Sng Dynasty (960-1279). Based n Wang, Hai created a character named Zha Ximeng w____3____ painted fr an emperr mre than 1,000 years ag. After many hard times, Zha’s mind leaves his bdy and enters a space where a mdern pliceman is trying t s____4____ a case abut an ancient painting
Hai Ya’s stry with science fictin began in his childhd. “When I was a child, the bkstre in my hmetwn helped create a beautiful g____5____ in my mind. In it, science fictin ffered the mst beautiful ‘flwers’,” Hai Ya tld Beijing Yuth Daily. He added that science fictin pened a new wrld fr h____6____. Hai Ya’s wrks feature a mix f histry and science fictin. These tw styles seem ____7____: One lks back at the past, and the ther faces the future. Hwever, in Hai Ya’s wrks, they find a perfect balance.“If we can nly i____8____ the future and things in space like rckets, it will nly limit ur imaginatin,” Hai Ya tld Shenzhen Special Zne Daily “I dn’t think h____9____ is smething cmpletely in the past. It is flwing (流动的), and we can make predictins (预测) abut the future by lking back at histry,” he added.Mre Chinese writers tday are trying t mix t____10____ culture with mdern stries. Hai Ya believes that it is nt a chice but a natural prcess. “Our histry and culture have lasting values that can tuch everyne,” he said t Xinhua.
【答案】1. (t)hird 2. (i)dea##(i)deas 3. (w)h 4. (s)lve 5. (g)arden 6. (h)im 7. ()ppsite 8. (i)magine 9. (h)istry 10. (t)raditinal【解析】本文主要介绍了海漄创作的《时空画家》以及他对作品的看法。1.句意：继2015年的刘慈欣和2016年的郝景芳之后，他成为第三个获得雨果奖的中国作家。根据“after Liu Cixin in 2015 and Ha Jingfang in 2016” 可知，海漄是第三个获得雨果奖的中国作家，结合首字母提示t可知，序数词third “第三” 符合语境。故填(t)hird。2.句意：在创作《时空画家》时，海漄的想法来源于一幅名画《江山图》。根据首字母提示i可知，idea表示 “想法”，单复数均符合语境。故填(i)dea/(i)deas。3.句意：在王希孟的基础上，海漄创造了一个名叫赵希孟的人物，他在1000多年前为一位皇帝作画。根据“a character named Zha Ximeng fr an emperr”可知，此处要填关系代词作主语引导定语从句，先行词Zha Ximeng为人，应用wh。故填(w)h。4.句意：在经历了许多艰难的时刻之后，赵希孟的思想离开了他的身体，进入了一个试图解决一个与古画有关的案件的现代警察的身体。slve a case “解决案件，破案”，动词不定式后面接动词原形。故填(s)lve。
5.句意：当我还是个孩子的时候，家乡的书店在我的脑海里创造了一个美丽的花园。根据“the mst beautiful ‘flwers’ ”和首字母提示g可知，花种在花园里，garden “花园”，符合语境。故填(g)arden。6.句意：他补充说，科幻小说为他打开了一个新世界。根据“pened a new wrld fr”可知，指的是为他打开一个新世界，此处填人称代词宾格him。故填(h)im。7.句意：这两种风格似乎是相反的：一种是回顾过去，另一种是面向未来。根据“One lks back at the past, and the ther faces the future.”可知，两种两者风格是相反的，结合首字母可知，ppsite “完全相反的”，符合句意。故填()ppsite。8.句意：如果我们只能想象未来和太空中的东西，比如火箭，那只会限制我们的想象力。根据“it will nly limit ur imaginatin”和首字母i可知，此处指“想象”，情态动词后面接动词原形。故填(i)magine。9.句意：我不认为历史完全是过去的事情。根据“smething cmpletely in the past”和首字母h可知，过去的事情指的应该是历史，histry “历史”，不可数名词，符合语境。故填(h)istry。10.句意：如今，越来越多的中国作家试图将传统文化与现代故事结合起来。根据“ with mdern stries”可知，此处指传统文化与现代故事结合，traditinal “传统的”，形容词作定语，符合句意。故填(t)raditinal。
（2023·湖南岳阳）阅读填空。根据短文内容，在文中空格处填上一个恰当的词，使短文完整、通顺。Vlunteering means that smene wrks t help peple withut being paid. Vlunteers help peple wh really need help. There are many places where yu can see different vlunteers.At schl gates, yu can see sme vlunteers with red vests (马甲). Can yu guess ____41____ they are? They are parent vlunteers. When students g ____42____ the street, parent vlunteers ____43____ up a “SLOW” sign t let drivers slw dwn. In rder t becme prfessinal traffic vlunteers, parents are suppsed t learn hw t give directins t students and stp them frm ____44____ sccer n the rad. ____45____ f these vlunteers, students can get t schl and g back hme safely. Yueyang Daily reprts many parents are lking ____46____ t being a vlunteer. They wish t make an effrt t prtect students’ safety. Anther grup f “red vests” shw up n main rads.
They help cleaners pick up dirty paper, plastic bags, glass bttles and s n. They ask the passers-by (路人) nt t thrw the rubbish everywhere. “____47____ yu please take away yur rubbish?” “Wuld yu mind picking up yur cigarette butts (烟头)? ...” ____48____ their wrk seems simple, they still take it seriusly. Wherever yu g, yu can see vlunteers in red vests, they have becme the mst beautiful scenes in ur city. Sme teenagers ____49____ their free time in hspitals r ld peple’s hmes. They cheer sick kids up r lk after ld peple. In the cuntryside, sme cllege students play an imprtant rle ____50____ vlunteering. They can prvide science and technlgy help fr farmers. Sme vlunteers wrk as teachers in village schls. A lt f vlunteers give their kindness with a helping band. They can make a difference t peple in need and the sciety.
【答案】41. wh 42. acrss 43. put 44. playing 45. Because 46. frward 47. Culd 48. Althugh##Thugh 49. spend 50. in【解析】本文主要介绍不同地方的不同志愿者。41.句意：你能猜到他们是谁吗？根据“Can yu are? They are parent vlunteers.”可知，猜他们是谁，用wh引导宾语从句，故填wh。42.句意：当学生过马路时，家长志愿者会竖起一个“SLOW”的标志，让司机减速。根据“When students street”可知，此处是g acrss the street短语，意为“过马路”，故填acrss。43.句意：当学生过马路时，家长志愿者会竖起一个“SLOW”的标志，让司机减速。根据“parent a ‘SLOW’ sign”可知，此处是put up短语，意为“举起”，故填put。44.句意：为了成为专业的交通志愿者，父母应该学会如何给学生指路，阻止他们在路上踢足球。根据“stp them n the rad”可知，此处是play sccer短语，意为“踢足球”，frm是介词，其后加动名词作宾语。故填playing。
45.句意：因为有了这些志愿者，学生们可以安全地上学和回家。根据“ these vlunteers, students can get t schl and g back hme safely.”可知，因为志愿者，学生们可以安全上下学，because f“因为”符合语境，句首需大写首字母。故填Because。46.句意：据《岳阳日报》报道，许多家长都期待着成为一名志愿者。根据“Yueyang Daily reprts many parents are being a vlunteer.”可知，此处是lk frward t短语，意为“期待”，故填frward。47.句意：请你把垃圾拿走好吗？根据“ please take away yur rubbish?”可知，请对方把垃圾带走，用culd表示委婉语气，句首需大写首字母。故填Culd。48.句意：虽然他们的工作看起来很简单，但他们仍然认真对待。分析“ wrk seems simple, they still take it seriusly.”可知，前后两句构成让步关系，用althugh/thugh引导让步状语从句，句首需大写首字母。故填Althugh/Thugh。49.句意：一些青少年在医院或敬老院度过他们的空闲时间。根据“Sme free time in hspitals r ld peple’s hmes.”可知，此处指度过他们的空闲时间，spend“度过”，时态是一般现在时，主语是复数，动词用原形。故填spend。50.句意：在农村，一些大学生在志愿服务中发挥着重要作用。根据“sme cllege students play an imprtant ”可知，此处 play an imprtant rle in短语，意为“在……中起重要作用”，故填in。
自由填空是中考短文填空中难度最大的，这种题目因题型的开放性和综合性而备受关注。试题特点是一篇短文挖空8—10个单词，且没有任何提示，让考生根据短文内容自由填词，难度较大，主观性较强，有时可能出现多种答案。满分技巧1. 解题步骤：（1）快速浏览，了解大意。对于简单把握的空，可以先填出来；（2）上下求索，填出答案。根据上下文及空格前后的逻辑关系，填出正确的词以及正确的形式；（3）通读全文，检查确认。特别要注意，根据文章意思，有些空是否要加入否定前缀。
无提示词的空格一般需要填入冠词、代词、介词、连词（并列连词和从属连词）等虚词。（1）名词前面一般用冠词、代词或介词等。（2）如果需要填入代词，就要考虑到是人称代词的主格、宾格或物主代词的变化、指示代词的用法；（3）并列的两个或多个单词，短语，或句子之间设空，一般填入并列连词and, but, r等；（4）两句之间，如果不是并列句，则很可能是主从句，因此需要填入从属连词（what, which, wh, hw, when等）。或者是宾语从句，定语从句或者是状语从句的连接词。这种空格需要同学们根据句子结构，分析到底是什么从句，从而选择合适的从属连词。
（2023·重庆）根据下面短文内容及部分首字母提示，在短文的空格处填上一个最恰当的词，使短文完整、通顺。请将完整的单词填写在答题卡上对应的位置。After exercising, the first thing that yu want t d is t drink up a glass f cld water. When the water travels dwn yur thrat, yu will ____54____ s gd. Hwever, yu are ften tld nt t d s. Is drinking ____55____ water really unhealthy?Cld water is said t slw dwn a persn’s digestin(消化). Having cld water r a cld drink makes yur bdy’s temperature l____56____. Cld water causes yur bld vessels (血管) t becme narrwer (更狭窄的). S, the bdy needs t burn energy t bring yur ____57____ back t nrmal. At the same time, less energy is used fr digestin.Think f yur digestive system as a burning pt. If smene suddenly pured cld water int this pt what wuld ____58____? Ding this wuld be dangerus. Similarly, when yu drink cld water while eating, it is ____59____ adding water t a burning pt. Of curse, it isn’t that bad, but it is a gd way t explain why drinking cld water during meals maybe a bad idea. ____60____ yu cannt cntrl yur urge(冲动) t d s, drinking water at rm temperature is a better chice.Traditinal Chinese medicine suggests trying t avid drinking cld water. And mdern studies in Eurpe pint ut drinking cld water causes headaches. Scientists are ding mre research n this. Maybe in the future t____61____ can give us mre helpful infrmatin.
【答案】54. feel 55. cld 56. (l)w 57. temperature 58. happen 59. like 60. If 61. (t)echnlgy【解析】本文主要介绍了经常性饮用冷水对身体所产生的不良影响。54.句意：当水顺着你的喉咙流下来时，你会感觉很好。根据“After exercising, the first thing that yu want t d is t drink up a glass f cld water.”可知很多人运动后，要做的第一件事就是喝一杯冷水，因为水顺着喉咙流下来时，会感觉很好，feel“感觉”，动词，will后用动词原形，故填feel。55.句意：喝冷水真的不健康吗？根据下文“Cld water is said t slwdwn a persn’s digestin(消化).”可知是指冷水，应用cld water，故填cld。56.句意：喝冷水或冷饮会使你的体温降低。根据“Having cld water r a cld drink makes yur bdy’s temperature l...”可知喝冷水会降低体温，lw“降低”，动词。make sb d sth“使某人做某事”，故填(l)w。
57.句意：所以，身体需要燃烧能量来使你的体温恢复正常。根据“S, the bdy needs t burn energy t bring t nrmal”可知喝冷水后身体需要燃烧能量来使你的体温恢复正常，此处应填名词temperature“温度”。故填temperature 。58.句意：把你的消化系统想象成一个燃烧的锅，如果有人突然往锅里倒冷水，会发生什么？根据“If smene suddenly pured cld water int this pt what wuld...”可知是指如果向燃烧的热锅里倒冷水会发生什么，happen“发生”，动词，wuld后加动词原形，故填happen。59.句意：同样，当你在吃饭的时候喝冷水，就像在烧着的锅里加水一样。根据“when yu drink cld water while eating, it water t a burning pt”可知此处是作比喻，在吃饭的时候喝冷水就像在烧着的锅里加水。like“像”，介词，故填like。60.句意：如果你无法控制自己想要喝水的冲动，那么在室温下喝水是更好的选择。根据“yu cannt cntrl yur urge(冲动) t d s, drinking water at rm temperature is a better chice.”可知前句是后句的条件，应用if引导条件状语从句，故填If。61.句意：也许在未来技术可以给我们更多有用的信息。根据“Scientists are ding mre research n this. Maybe in the future give us mre helpful infrmatin.”可知科学家们正在对此进行更多的研究。说明未来技术也许可以给我们更多有用的信息。technlgy“科技”符合语境，故填(t)echnlgy。
请阅读下面短文，在所给的每个空格中填入一个形式正确、意义相符的单词，并将答案写在答题卡对应题目的答题位置上。Tw friends, Jim and Stew, jined a big sales cmpany tgether just after their graduatin.____66____f them wrked really hard.Three years ____67____, the cmpany’s directr prmted (提拔) Stew t sales executive. Jim did nt get any prmtin. Jim thught it was unfair, s he asked his bss ____68____ he didn’t appreciate（赏识）the hard-wrking wrkers. The bss knew that Jim wrked hard, and t shw the ____69____ between him and Stew, he asked, “G and find anyne selling watermelns in the market. ”When Jim ____70____, the bss asked him, “Hw much per kilgram?” Jim didn’t ask the seller abut that, s he went back t the market and then returned t say the price - $12 per kg.
Then the bss asked Stew the ____71____ thing. Stew went t the market, and when he returned, he said, “At the mment there is ne persn ____72____ watermelns, 10 kg. Nw he has 340 watermelns in stck (有存货). On the table there are 48 watermelns, and each f them weighs abut 15 kg. Watermelns were bught frm ____73____ suth tw days ag, s they are fresh. ”Hearing this, Jim realized the differences between him and Stew. He knew that he culd learn a lt ____74____ his friend.Successful peple can think and see further. They think and see the future, ___75____ mst peple see nly tmrrw. Let’s learn frm them.【答案】66. Bth 67. later 68. why 69. differences 70. returned 71. same 72. selling 73. the 74. frm 75. But/while
考向4 提示词和杂糅性型
（2023·湖南邵阳）Li Bai was a great pet in the Tang Dynasty. He lved nature, especially big muntains and rivers. When he was 24 years ld, he ____41____ (leave) hme and traveled t Chengdu and Munt Emei, and then dwn the Yangtze River. Li Bai wrte lts f pems abut the beautiful muntains. He als wrte a lt abut the ____42____ (月亮). These pems are lved by many Chinese peple, f____43____ example Thughts n a Tranquil Night (《静夜思》). In his frties, Li Bai met anther great pet, Du Fu, in Luyang. They tw became clse friends. They traveled tgether fr sme time, visited ther pets and had a great time. Li Bai gave Du Fu a lt f inspiratin in the art f petry. But ____44____ (they) pems were different. Li Bai’s pems were ____45____ (usual) abut nature, while Du Fu wrte many pems t express the feelings f the rdinary peple. They will always be remembered.
【答案】41. left 42. mn 43. (f)r 44. their 45. usually【解析】本文主要向我们介绍著名的诗人李白，以及李白和杜甫诗歌风格的差异。41.句意：24岁时，他离开家，到成都和峨眉山旅行，然后沿江而下。本句时态是一般过去时，动词用过去式，故填left。42.句意：他还写了很多关于月亮的文章。mn“月亮”，在介词后作宾语，故填mn。43.句意：这些诗歌受到许多中国人的喜爱，例如《静夜思》。fr example“例如”，固定短语，故填(f)r。44.句意：但是他们的诗是不同的。此处作定语修饰“pems”，用形容词性物主代词形式，故填their。45.句意：李白的诗通常是关于自然的，而杜甫写了很多诗来表达普通人的感情。此处在句中作状语，用副词形式，故填usually。
提示词填空之类短文填空题一般会给出汉语意思或英文单词。做此类短文填空题时，要准确理解语意，根据文中同样结构或类似结构确定应填词的词性和词形。不可简单地都填原形词。若空格内填的是名词，要考虑其单复数形式；若填的是形容词或副词，则要考虑其是否属于比较等级；如若填的是动词，则要特别注意考虑其时态和语态。如在句首，还要考虑其首字母的大写杂糅型短文填空是指文章中有多种提示类型，如英语单词、汉语意思、音标或者不给提示词等。这种题型主要考查考生的整体阅读能力、语言知识的运用能力、逻辑思维能力和书面表达能力，特别是单词和短语的拼写能力。
（2023·重庆）根据下面短文内容及部分首字母提示，在短文的空格处填上一个最恰当的词，使短文完整、通顺，并将完整的单词填写在答题卡上对应的位置。Many successful peple fllw a similar rutine (常规). This helps them make the best use f their days. This als helps sleep well at night. One f the mst imprtant things successful peple d is t get ready fr the next day the night befre. Let’s see ____54____ they d that.Learn t relaxSuccessful peple say it is imprtant t relax. Sme enjy listening t music, w____55____ thers like taking a bath befre ging t bed. Studies shw that a 15-minute bath an hur r tw befre bedtime helps them sleep better. Sleeping well tnight means a gd day tmrrw.
Put the phne dwnStudies shw that the blue light frm a phne is bad fr ur sleep. Successful peple c____56____ their phne use. They dn’t sleep with their phnes nearby. They put phnes away an hur ____57____ bedtime and they use an alarm clck t wake up.Think abut tdayBefre sleep, it helps t think abut the day. Many ____58____ peple think abut the gd things frm the day. This helps them t learn and t change. It als ____59____ them t make a plan fr a gd (perhaps even better) day tmrrw.Make a ____60____Many successful peple make plans fr their activities the next day. It helps them sleep well. This is imprtant because sleeping b____61____ smetimes makes everything seem wrse the next day. Making plans als helps them wake up relaxed, happy and ready fr the new day.
【答案】54. hw 55. (w)hile 56. (c)ntrl 57. befre 58. successful 59. helps##encurages 60. plan 61. (b)adly【解析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍成功人士的一些习惯。54.句意：让我们看看他们是怎么做的。根据“Let’s d that.”和后文介绍可知，是介绍方法，hw“如何”符合语境。故填hw。55.句意：一些人喜欢听音乐，而另一些人喜欢在睡觉前洗个澡。根据“Sme enjy listening t music, like taking a bath befre ging t bed.”可知，前后构成对比关系，while“然而”符合语境，故填(w)hile。56.句意：成功人士会控制手机的使用。根据“Successful peple phne use. They dn’t sleep with their phnes nearby.”可知，成功人士会控制手机的使用，cntrl“控制”，时态是一般现在时，主语是复数，动词用原形。故填(c)ntrl。57.句意：他们在睡觉前一小时把手机收起来，用闹钟叫醒自己。根据“They put phnes away an ”可知，他们在睡觉前一小时把手机收起来，befre“在……之前”符合语境。故填befre。
58.句意：许多成功的人都会想到一天中美好的事情。根据“ think abut the gd things frm the day.”和全文内容可知，谈论成功人士，successful“成功的”，作定语修饰peple。故填successful。59.句意：这也能帮助/鼓励他们为美好的（甚至更好的）明天做一个计划。根据“It t make a plan fr a gd (perhaps even better) day tmrrw.”可知，回顾一天可以帮助/鼓励为明天做一个计划，help“帮助”/encurage“鼓励”，时态是一般现在时，主语是It，动词用三单。故填helps/encurages。60.句意：制定一个计划 根据“Many successful peple make plans fr their activities the next day.”可知，本段建议制定一个计划，plan“计划”，a修饰可数名词单数。故填plan。61.句意：这一点很重要，因为睡眠不好有时会让第二天的事情看起来更糟。根据“This is imprtant because sleeping makes everything seem wrse the next day.”可知，睡眠不好有时会让第二天的事情看起来更糟，用副词badly修饰动词。故填(b)adly。