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专题21 名词六大类15个高频考点（清单）--【知识大盘点】2024高考英语一轮复习知识大盘点红宝书
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这是一份专题21 名词六大类15个高频考点（清单）--【知识大盘点】2024高考英语一轮复习知识大盘点红宝书，文件包含专题21名词六大类15个高频考点清单原卷版docx、专题21名词六大类15个高频考点清单解析版docx等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共28页， 欢迎下载使用。
2、抓课堂、重效率、要求学生紧跟老师的节奏。一轮复习是将重点知识提炼，容量大，速度快。所以，学生的思路必须时时刻刻跟随着老师的思路，要快速地用脑思，用心听、用嘴说，用手写，才能达到高效。
3、抓自习、重过程、增强得分的意识。学案都是在规定的时间内完成，重视规范的做题步骤，重视思考过程。更重要的是，做完题后要对做过的题目进行反思、整理。
4、抓阅读、重反思、全面提高成绩。得阅读者得天下。阅读是强化英语思维的最佳途径之一。一轮复习，重视基础知识的同时，要坚持阅读训练，促进英语成绩的整体提高。
5、抓时间，重效果，扎实做好每个复习环节。一轮复习时间紧，任务重，需要同学们充分抢抓时间，利用时间，紧跟复习进度。英语的进步并非一蹴而就，需要每天坚持把每件事情做扎实。做到这一点，成功只是早晚的事！
【口袋书】专题21 名词八大类15个高频考点（清单）原卷版
名词考点用法思维导图 P1
高考名词考点细目表 P2
考点清单一、名词单数变复数的用法 P2
考点清单二、不可数名词的用法 P3
考点清单三、抽象名词具体化用法 P4
考点清单四、名词所有格的用法 P4
考点清单五、动词/形容词变为名词后缀 P6
考点清单六、名词分类及句法功能 P7
分类训练（一）单句填空（高考真题） P9
分类训练（二）单句改错（高考真题） P10
分类训练（三）名词单数变复数16组 P10
分类训练（四）动词或形容词变名词100例 P11
分类训练（五）语法填空（外刊原创） P12
名词考点用法思维导图
考点清单一、名词单数变复数的用法
要点精讲：可数名词单数变复数的场合
【即时训练】请用下列单词的适当形式填空
1. Tw_________ (mnth) ag, three _________ (her) caught fur _________ (thief). They made them plant sme _________ (ptat) and _________ (tmat) in tw _________ (z). They als made their ________ (wife) return the fur big _________ (bx) with sme precius _________ (pht) and _________ (brush) in them.
2. On __________(teacher) Day, tw _________(editr-in-chief), three ________________(man teacher) and five _________ (wman dctr), tgether with their _________ (child), went t the farm in the cuntryside. There they were lucky t see tw _________(sheep), three _________ (deer), fur _________ (x), five _________ (gse) and six white _________ (muse) with three _________ (ft) and six _________ (tth).
3.(2023新高考II卷)They als need t be ready t give (interview) in English with internatinal jurnalists.
4.(2023北京卷) Mangrves can help sften waves and prtect (city) frm castal winds.
5.(2021新高考1卷) The rlling sea f cluds yu see nce yu are at the tp will remind yu hw tiny we _______ (human) are.
考点清单二、不可数名词的用法
要点精讲：不可数名词用法
常见不可数名词有fun/furniture, luggage, infrmatin, prgress, advice/air, knwledge, news, equipment, wrk, hmewrk, husewrk。这些名词取首字母可以妙记为flipaknew(飞来品，牛)。不可数名词没有复数形式，前边也不能有不定冠词a或an。这点在短文改错中频繁考查。
【即时训练】单句改错
6. (2017全国Ⅱ卷) Besides, they ften get sme useful infrmatins frm the Internet.
7.(2016全国II卷)If we g n a trip abrad, we can braden ur view and gain knwledges we cannt get frm bks.
8. (2016四川卷)Mm has a full-time jb, s she has t d mst f the husewrks.
9.(2015全国I卷)The airs we breathe in is getting dirtier and dirtier.
10. (2011全国I卷）It felt very strange t travel withut any luggages.
考点清单三、抽象名词具体化用法
①具有某种特性、状态、情感的抽象名词在表示具体的概念时，可以与不定冠词连用，常考的有：
Yur cntributin will certainly make the event a huge success.你的贡献一定会使这个事件很成功。
②物质名词具体化
drink饮料→tw drinks 两杯饮料cffee咖啡→a cffee一杯咖啡chalk 粉笔→a chalk一支粉笔hair头发→a hair一根头发
③抽象名词与a(an)连用，淡化了抽象概念，转化为似乎可以体验到的动作、行为或类别。例如：
Being able t affrd a drink wuld be a cmfrt in thse tugh times.
在那些艰难的时期，能够买得起一杯酒会是一件欣慰的事。
【即时训练】在空白处填入1个适当的单词。
11.--Hw abut ________Christmas evening party? ---I shuld say it was ______success.
12. --- I am s srry t have cme late fr the meeting.
--- It is nt yur fault. With rush-hur traffic and heavy rain, it is n wnder yu were late.
13. My neighbr asked me t g fr ______ walk, but I dn’t think I’ve gt ______ energy.
14. He missed gld in the high jump, but will get secnd chance in the lng jump.
15. Being able t affrd _______ drink wuld be ______ cmfrt in thse tugh times.
考点清单四、名词所有格的用法
要点精讲1：名词所有格：表示人或有生命的名词常在词尾加's或’。
①表示两者各自所有关系时，分别在每个名词的词尾加’s；表示两者共有，在最后名词词尾加’s。如：
my sister's telephne 姐姐的电话
Jnes’ rm琼斯的房间
Nurses’ Day护士节
Wmen’s day 妇女节。
②表示店铺、办公室或某人家时，名词所有格后被修饰的名词一般省略。如：
at the barber's在理发店
at my uncle's在我叔家
Have yu ever met Tm's and Jim's fathers befre?汤姆父亲和吉姆父亲
③若一样东西为两人所有，只在后一个名词后加’s。
This is Tm and Jim's father 汤姆和吉姆的父亲。
2.f所有格
无生命的名词常用f所有格表示所有关系；名词短语或定语修饰的有生命的名词用f所有格。
the windw f the rm 房间的窗户
3.双重所有格
指＂名词＋f＋名词所有格＂或＂名词＋f＋名词性物主代词＂。
a play f Shakespeare’s(莎士比亚的一个戏剧)
a friend f mine(我的一个朋友)
【即时训练】请用下列单词的适当形式填空
16.（2022新高考II卷）He saved my _________ (sn) life," said Mrs. Brwn.
17.（2022浙江1月卷）It is calculated by dividing a _____________ (persn) weight in kg by their height in meters squared, and a BMI f between 19 and 25 is cnsidered healthy.
18.--- Wh did yu spend last weekend with? --- The ____________(Palmer).
19.The ____________(girl) shes were cvered with mud, s I asked them t take them ff befre they gt int ____________(Tm) car.
20.Owning a lvable, cuddly pet can unquestinably make ne’s hme life better and apparently, it can affect pet _____________(wner) prfessinal lives as well.
考点清单五、动词/形容词变为名词后缀
要点精讲1：动词转化为名词的后缀
要点精讲2：形容词转化为名词的后缀
【即时训练】请用下列单词的适当形式填空
21.（2023新高考II卷）Since June 2017, right befre the 36 (arrive) f the tw new pandas, Meng Meng and Jia Qing, I have been helping the panda keepers at the z t feel mre cmfrtable and cnfident speaking English.
22.（2023全国甲卷）The themes f traditinal fables ften deal with simple truths abut everyday life. Hwever, Casn’s theme is a mre weighty 69 (warn) abut envirnmental destructin.
23.（2022全国甲卷）Ca and Wu als cllected garbage alng the rad, in rder t prmte envirnmental ___________ (prtect).
24.（2022全国乙卷）“As a main prmter f the Internatinal Tea Day, the birthplace f tea and the largest tea-prducing cuntry, China has a ___________ (respnsible)t wrk with ther cuntries t prmte the healthy develpment f the tea industry.
25.（2021新高考II卷）A cmpany ________ (represent) wrte back and tld me the airline was switching ver frm plastic t paper cups n all f its 1,200 daily flights.
考点清单六、名词分类及句法功能
要点精讲1：名词分类
要点精讲2：名词句法功能
1.作主语
The yung wman played an imprtant part in the matter. 那年轻女人在这件事上举足轻重。
His grandpa jined the Red Army at the age f fifteen. 他爷爷十五岁时参加红军。
2.作宾语
（1）作及物动词的直接宾语
I met yur elder brther in the street。我在街上碰见你哥哥了。
Have yu finished the letter t Jane?你写完给珍的信了吗？
（2）作及物动词的间接宾语。
I tld my students a funny stry. 我给学生们讲一个有趣的故事。
She asked the dctr anther questin. 她问了医生另一个问题。
（3）作介词的宾语。
After 20 years’ traveling, he settled dwn in Liangxiang. 二十年的流浪后,他在良乡定居。
D yu still ask yur parents fr mney?你还向爸妈要钱吗？
3.作表语
It’s a gd idea t plant trees here . 在这里栽些树是个好主意。
She is nw a prfessr while her husband remains a wrker. 也现在是教授而丈夫仍是个工人。
4.作宾语的补足语
They elected Tm head f the wrkshp. 他们推选汤姆当车间的头。（职务名词作宾补前面不加冠词）
The ld man called my uncle Xia Li. 老人喊我叔叔小李。
5.作定语
（1）直接作定语, 通常用单数形式。
cllege students大学生 girl friend女友 vegetable garden菜园 basketball match篮球赛
Let’s stp by the bk stre n the way hme.回家的路上，我们的书店停一下吧！
He bught the shes in that she shp. 这双鞋他是在那个鞋店买的。
（2）名词所有格作定语。
students’bks学生用书
China’s capital中国的首都
the wrld’s ppulatin世界人口
（3）man，wman，gentleman作定语
man，wman，gentleman作定语时可以用单数和复数两种形式，但必须随所修饰名词的数而定。
He said that tw wmen dctrs wuld cme t ur village the next day. 他说明天有两个女医生到我们村子来。
There are many men teachers in ur schl. 我们学校有很多男教师。
（4）某些常用复数的名词用作定语
某些常用复数的名词，当它们用作定语时，也须用复数形式。
arms prductin 武器生产 clthes shp服装商店 sales department营业部 a gds train货车
savings bank 储蓄所 freign languages department外语系
（5）单位名称、报纸、广播、电视等的标题中经常出现复数名词作定语。
Learning Skills center学习技巧交流中心 The Bys Club 男孩俱乐部
（6）表示类别时名词直接作定语还是用所有格作定语一定要严格遵守习惯。
a peasant family/by(peasant习惯直接作定语) a wrker’s family(wrker习惯用所有格作定语)
（7）两种定语有时并存但意义不一样。
wmen drivers女司机 the wman’s driver这位妇女的司机
girl friend女朋友 the girl’s friend 这女孩的朋友
mther tngue母语 mther’s tngue母亲的舌头
（8）名词作定语强调被修饰成分的内容或职能，与其同根的形容词作定语则强调特点或属性
gld watch 金表 (指手表是含金的) glden watch 金色的表 (指表是金色的，但不一定含金)
6.作状语
时间名词、数量名词、距离名词等有时可以作状语。
The sldiers walked 50 kilmeters at a night. 战士们一夜行军五十公里
Yur suitcase weighs 10 kilgrams. 你的手提箱重10千克。
【即时训练】请用下列单词的适当形式填空
26. “I had t wait fr the staff t write dwn my infrmatin, which caused much mre ________ (cnvenience) than scanning cdes.”
27..I have t make a __________(cmplain) abut the pr quality f fd and service in yur restaurant.
28.The ld man wh had a car accident last week made a full _________ (recver) frm the peratin in hspital.
29.Even a thirty-minute run will prvide ________(relieve) frm aches r tensin.
30.She was unable t give the plice a __________(describe) f the attacker because she had n memry f what had happened t her.
分类训练（一）单句填空（高考真题）
【即时训练】在空白处填1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1.（2023浙江1月卷）Thanks t Beijing’s lng histry as capital f China, almst every hutng has its stries, and sme are even assciated with histric (event).
2.（2022新高考I卷）The GPNP’s main gal is t imprve cnnectivity between separate _____________ (ppulatin) and hmes f giant pandas, and eventually achieve a desired level f ppulatin in the wild.
3.（2022浙江1月卷）Cbb, fr her party, started t ask cnference rganizers wh invited her t speak if she culd d s remtely; abut three-quarters f the time, they agreed. When the answer was n, she declined the _____________ (invite).
4. (2021全国甲卷)Suppsedly yu can d it in tw hurs, but we stpped at the different gates and ________ (watchtwer) t take pictures r just t watch the lcal peple ging abut their daily rutines.
5. (2021全国乙卷) ________(activity) there range frm whale watching t hiking (远足) and accmmdatins aim t have a lw impact n the natural envirnment.
6. (2021全国乙卷) It is different frm traditinal turism because it allws the traveler t becme educated abut the areas,… and ften prvides mney fr cnservatin and benefits the __________(develp) f the lcal areas.
7. (2021浙江6月卷) In 1844 they bught it fr $1,200 and sme land frm Charles Dresser, wh perfrmed their ________ (marry) ceremny in 1842.
8. (2020全国I卷) The far side f the mn is f particular ________ (interesting) t scientists because it has a lt f deep craters (环形山), mre s than the familiar near side.
9. (2020全国II卷) Chinese New Year is a __________ (celebrate) marking the end f the winter seasn and the beginning f spring.
10. (2020全国III卷) Filled with _______ (curius), the artist packed his bags and left.
11.(2019全国I卷) In recent years sme Inuit peple in Nunavut have reprted increases in bear sightings arund human settlements, leading t a _______(believe) that ppulatins are increasing.
12.(2019全国Ⅲ卷) When they were free frm wrk, they invited us t lcal events and let us knw f an interesting ____________ (cmpete) t watch, tgether with the stry behind it.
13.(2017全国Ⅰ卷) This trend has had sme unintended side _______(effect) such as verweight and heart disease.
14.(2017全国Ⅱ卷) It ran fr just under seven kilmeters and allwed peple t avid terrible ________(crwd) n the rads.
15.(2017全国Ⅱ卷) This develpment was nly pssible with the _________(intrduce) f electric-pwered engines and lifts.
分类训练（二）单句改错（高考真题）
【即时训练】下列各句均有一处错误，请指出并纠正。
16.(2023全国甲卷)The bees, butterfly and many ther insects lked lvely and beautiful n the stamps.
17.(2022全国乙卷) Our cities will be better places if we replace cars with bicycle.
18. (2021全国甲卷) Many students say they will talk t their friend r classmates because they’re f the same age and can understand each ther.
19. (2021全国乙卷) I always assist my parents in ding the dish after meals.
20. (2020全国I卷) Next I brke the eggs int a bwl and beat them quickly with chpstick.
21. (2020全国II卷) Luckily, I will g hme in tw weeks fr summer vacatins.
22. (2019全国Ⅱ卷) Since I was a kid, I’ve cnsidered different jb I wuld like t d.
23. (2019全国Ⅲ卷) I wish t have a chain f cafes in many different city.
24. (2018全国Ⅰ卷) Last winter when I went there again, they had a big separate huse t raise dzens f chicken.
25.(2018全国II卷)When I was little, Friday’s night was ur family game night.
分类训练（三）名词单数变复数16组
1. glass bus bx church brush
2. breath path x muth stmach
3. family factry city cuntrybaby
4. valley chimneymnkeyhlidayby
5. ptat tmat her Negr vlcan
6. kil pian phtradikangar
7. knife leaf wlflifethief
8. gulf rf belief prf chef
9. tth gse muse
10. child man wmanplicemanFrenchman
11. Rman Germanhuman
12. phenmenn quizcrisis analysisemphasis
13. grwn-up passer-by lker-n stand-by editr-in-chief
14. deer sheep series fish species
15. wrks means aircraft Chinese Japanese
16. by friend girl student man teacherwman scientist
分类训练（四）动词或形容词变名词100例
名词五年高考真题细目表
卷别
词类转换
单数变复数
名词所有格
2023新高考II卷
arrival
interviews
2023全国甲卷
warning
2023全国乙卷
wnders
2022新高考I卷
ppulatins
2022新高考II卷
sn's
2022全国甲卷
prtectin
2022全国乙卷
respnsibility
2021新高考1卷
humans
2021新高考II卷
representative
2021全国甲卷
watchtwers
2021全国乙卷
develpment
Activities
2020全国I卷
interest
2020全国II卷
celebratin
2020全国III卷
curisity
2020新高考卷
accuracy
2019全国I卷
belief
2019全国III卷
cmpetitin
一般情况下
在词尾直接加-s
muth→muths,huse→huses
以-s,-x,-ch,-sh结尾的名词
在词尾加-es
glass→glasses,match→matches
以辅音字母+-y结尾的名词
变y为i再加-es
cuntry→cuntries,factry→factries
以元音字母+-y结尾的名词
在词尾直接加-s
hliday→hlidays,mnkey→mnkeys
以结尾的名词
一般在词尾加-s
pian→pians,pht→phts
有些在词尾加-es
her→heres,ptat→ptates
以-f,-fe结尾的名词
一般要变f或fe为v加-es
self→selves,wlf→wlves
少数直接加-s
rf→rfs,belief→beliefs
单复数同形
deer, sheep, Chinese, means(方式,方法), series, species
词形变化
man→men, wman→wmen, child→children,
tth→teeth, ft→feet, muse→mice
合成名词的复数
将主体名词变为复数:passer-by→passers-by, lker-n→lkers-n
无主体名词时通常在最后一个词后加-s:
grwn-up→grwn-ups, stand-by→stand-bys
名词前有man/wman修饰
man/wman和中心词都要变为复数形式。如:
wman dctr→wmen dctrs, man teacher→men teachers。
单词
抽象名词意义
具体化名词意义
success
成功
成功的人或事
pleasure
乐趣
令人高兴的事
beauty
美；美丽
美丽的人或事物
cmfrt
安慰；慰藉
令人感到安慰的人或事物
danger
危险
危险的人或因素
delight
高兴
令人高兴的事
failure
失败
失败的人或事物
surprise
惊奇
令人惊奇的事情
shck
震惊
令人震惊的事情
pride
骄傲
令人骄傲的事情
主要用于表示有生命的人或物的所有关系。
(1)一般是名词词尾加-'s。如:Jhn's hme约翰的家;
(2)以-s或-es结尾的复数名词,只在词尾加-'。如:students' textbks 学生们的课本;
(3)词尾不带-(e)s的复数名词,仍加-'s。如:children's game 孩子们的游戏。
表示无生命的事物的名词通常用f所有格表示所有关系;名词短语或有定语修饰的有生命的名词也常用f所有格。如:
the title f the article文章的标题;
the name f the girl ver there那边那位女孩的名字。
双重所有格的构成为:“名词+f+-'s所有格”或“名词+f+名词性物主代词”。表示“其中之一”或“其中一部分”,名词前可用a,any,sme,a few,tw,this,that,these,thse 等修饰,但不能用the。如:
a picture f my mther's我母亲(拥有)的一张照片;
this little cat f yur sister's你妹妹的这只小猫。
后缀
例词
－in/
－tin/
－sin/
crrect→crrectin改正 celebrate→celebratin庆祝
cnclude→cnclusin结论；结束 discuss→discussin讨论；论述
decide→decisin决定 admit→admissin承认；准许加入
permit→permissin允许，许可 invite→invitatin邀请
explain→explanatin解释 expect→expectatin期望
－er/
－r
sail→sailr海员，水手 drive→driver司机；驾驶员
gather→gatherer收集者，采集者 teach→teacher老师
annunce→annuncer广播员 cnduct→cnductr指挥；售票员
－ment
punish→punishment惩罚 achieve→achievement成就
argue→argument辩论；论据 treat→treatment对待；治疗
equip →equipment装备；设备 gvern→gvernment政府
astnish→astnishment惊奇
－ance/
－ence
appear→appearance出现；外貌 guide→guidance指引；指导
perfrm→perfrmance表演；表现 exist→existence存在；生存
prefer→preference偏爱 refer→reference参考，查阅
－ure/
-ture
fail→failure失败；倒闭 press→pressure压力
depart→departure离开；出发 mix→mixture混合(物)
－ing
hear→hearing听力，听觉 begin→beginning开始
build→building建筑 warn→warning 警告
－y
recver→recvery恢复 discver→discvery发现
后缀
例词
－age
shrt→shrtage 短缺 percent→percentage 百分比
－cy
efficient→efficiency效率 fluent→fluency流利
accurate→accuracy准确性 private→privacy隐私
－dm
free→freedm自由 wise→wisdm明智；智慧
－ence
different→difference差异 evident →evidence 证据
－ness
weak→weakness虚弱；弱点 thick→thickness厚度
kind→kindness仁慈，友好 careless→carelessness粗心大意
－th
strng→strength力气；优势 warm→warmth温暖；热情
－y/－ty/－ity
safe→safety安全 disable→disability缺陷；伤残
respnsible→respnsibility责任 hnest→hnesty诚实
difficult→difficulty困难
1.accept
2.accmmdate
3.accurate
4.acquaint
5.admit
6.abundant
7.anxius
8.appear
9.apprve
10.allw
11.argue
12.arrive
13.assist
14.appint
15.aware
16.beautiful
17.bre
18.chse
19.cmpare
20.cmpete
21.cmplain
22.cnsume
23.cnclude
24.cnsequent
25.curius
26.decide
27.deep
28.depart
29.depend
30.describe
31.destry
32.disturb
33.diverse
34.emergent
35.enter
36.enthusiastic
37.equal
38.except
39.expect
40.exist
41.expand
42.explain
43.explre
44.friendly
45.fluent
46.fly
47.fund
48.frequent
49.generus
50.grw
51.hnest
52.ignre
53.imprve
54.injure
55.intend
56.intrduce
57.invite
58.just
59.laugh
60.lng
61.lse
62.majr
63.mix
64.mdest
65.necessary
66.ccupy
67.perate
68.participate
69.permit
70.physics
71.pian
72.pr
73.pssible
74.prefer
75.prepare
76.press
77.private
78.prnunce
79.publish
80.qualify
81.real
82.recgnize
83.recver
84.refuse
85.relax
86.relieve
87.resist
88.respnd
89.respnsible
90.secure
91.significant
92.similar
93.starve
94.strng
95.survive
96.true
97.vary
98.warm
99.wise
100.yung
分类训练（五）语法填空（外刊原创）
成都独特文化遗产吸引来访大运会运动员
Unique cultural heritage set t captivate visiting athletes
By HU YUYAN | | Updated: 2023-07-28 09:35
During the 31st FISU Summer Wrld University Games in Chengdu, athletes and guests frm all crners f the wrld have the chance 1 (immerse) themselves in China's rich histry and vibrant culture, as they explre the histrical city f Chengdu.
Giant pandas are ne f the 2 (well-knwn) symbls f Chinese culture and are als the city ambassadr fr Chengdu. The lve f giant pandas is further demnstrated in the Japanese manga series Chibi Maruk-chan, 3 the main character nce said, "It wuld be a blw t ne's pride if they have never seen a giant panda in their lifetime."
Accrding t the 4 (fur) natinal panda survey, Sichuan is hme 5 1,387 wild giant pandas, 6 (accunt) fr 74.4 percent f the ttal giant panda ppulatin in the cuntry.
Established in 1987, the base started with six sick and hungry pandas that 7 (rescue) frm the wild and began its scientific research n the bear species thereafter. It has nw becme a glbal leader in the field f giant panda research, a site fr public educatin 8 a destinatin fr educatinal turism.
The masct f the Chengdu FISU Games is named Rngba, 9 (base) n a giant panda named Zhima frm the base. In preparatin fr the Chengdu FISU Games, prducts featuring Rngba's image have gained increasing 10 (ppular).
2、抓课堂、重效率、要求学生紧跟老师的节奏。一轮复习是将重点知识提炼，容量大，速度快。所以，学生的思路必须时时刻刻跟随着老师的思路，要快速地用脑思，用心听、用嘴说，用手写，才能达到高效。
3、抓自习、重过程、增强得分的意识。学案都是在规定的时间内完成，重视规范的做题步骤，重视思考过程。更重要的是，做完题后要对做过的题目进行反思、整理。
4、抓阅读、重反思、全面提高成绩。得阅读者得天下。阅读是强化英语思维的最佳途径之一。一轮复习，重视基础知识的同时，要坚持阅读训练，促进英语成绩的整体提高。
5、抓时间，重效果，扎实做好每个复习环节。一轮复习时间紧，任务重，需要同学们充分抢抓时间，利用时间，紧跟复习进度。英语的进步并非一蹴而就，需要每天坚持把每件事情做扎实。做到这一点，成功只是早晚的事！
【口袋书】专题21 名词八大类15个高频考点（清单）原卷版
名词考点用法思维导图 P1
高考名词考点细目表 P2
考点清单一、名词单数变复数的用法 P2
考点清单二、不可数名词的用法 P3
考点清单三、抽象名词具体化用法 P4
考点清单四、名词所有格的用法 P4
考点清单五、动词/形容词变为名词后缀 P6
考点清单六、名词分类及句法功能 P7
分类训练（一）单句填空（高考真题） P9
分类训练（二）单句改错（高考真题） P10
分类训练（三）名词单数变复数16组 P10
分类训练（四）动词或形容词变名词100例 P11
分类训练（五）语法填空（外刊原创） P12
名词考点用法思维导图
考点清单一、名词单数变复数的用法
要点精讲：可数名词单数变复数的场合
【即时训练】请用下列单词的适当形式填空
1. Tw_________ (mnth) ag, three _________ (her) caught fur _________ (thief). They made them plant sme _________ (ptat) and _________ (tmat) in tw _________ (z). They als made their ________ (wife) return the fur big _________ (bx) with sme precius _________ (pht) and _________ (brush) in them.
2. On __________(teacher) Day, tw _________(editr-in-chief), three ________________(man teacher) and five _________ (wman dctr), tgether with their _________ (child), went t the farm in the cuntryside. There they were lucky t see tw _________(sheep), three _________ (deer), fur _________ (x), five _________ (gse) and six white _________ (muse) with three _________ (ft) and six _________ (tth).
3.(2023新高考II卷)They als need t be ready t give (interview) in English with internatinal jurnalists.
4.(2023北京卷) Mangrves can help sften waves and prtect (city) frm castal winds.
5.(2021新高考1卷) The rlling sea f cluds yu see nce yu are at the tp will remind yu hw tiny we _______ (human) are.
考点清单二、不可数名词的用法
要点精讲：不可数名词用法
常见不可数名词有fun/furniture, luggage, infrmatin, prgress, advice/air, knwledge, news, equipment, wrk, hmewrk, husewrk。这些名词取首字母可以妙记为flipaknew(飞来品，牛)。不可数名词没有复数形式，前边也不能有不定冠词a或an。这点在短文改错中频繁考查。
【即时训练】单句改错
6. (2017全国Ⅱ卷) Besides, they ften get sme useful infrmatins frm the Internet.
7.(2016全国II卷)If we g n a trip abrad, we can braden ur view and gain knwledges we cannt get frm bks.
8. (2016四川卷)Mm has a full-time jb, s she has t d mst f the husewrks.
9.(2015全国I卷)The airs we breathe in is getting dirtier and dirtier.
10. (2011全国I卷）It felt very strange t travel withut any luggages.
考点清单三、抽象名词具体化用法
①具有某种特性、状态、情感的抽象名词在表示具体的概念时，可以与不定冠词连用，常考的有：
Yur cntributin will certainly make the event a huge success.你的贡献一定会使这个事件很成功。
②物质名词具体化
drink饮料→tw drinks 两杯饮料cffee咖啡→a cffee一杯咖啡chalk 粉笔→a chalk一支粉笔hair头发→a hair一根头发
③抽象名词与a(an)连用，淡化了抽象概念，转化为似乎可以体验到的动作、行为或类别。例如：
Being able t affrd a drink wuld be a cmfrt in thse tugh times.
在那些艰难的时期，能够买得起一杯酒会是一件欣慰的事。
【即时训练】在空白处填入1个适当的单词。
11.--Hw abut ________Christmas evening party? ---I shuld say it was ______success.
12. --- I am s srry t have cme late fr the meeting.
--- It is nt yur fault. With rush-hur traffic and heavy rain, it is n wnder yu were late.
13. My neighbr asked me t g fr ______ walk, but I dn’t think I’ve gt ______ energy.
14. He missed gld in the high jump, but will get secnd chance in the lng jump.
15. Being able t affrd _______ drink wuld be ______ cmfrt in thse tugh times.
考点清单四、名词所有格的用法
要点精讲1：名词所有格：表示人或有生命的名词常在词尾加's或’。
①表示两者各自所有关系时，分别在每个名词的词尾加’s；表示两者共有，在最后名词词尾加’s。如：
my sister's telephne 姐姐的电话
Jnes’ rm琼斯的房间
Nurses’ Day护士节
Wmen’s day 妇女节。
②表示店铺、办公室或某人家时，名词所有格后被修饰的名词一般省略。如：
at the barber's在理发店
at my uncle's在我叔家
Have yu ever met Tm's and Jim's fathers befre?汤姆父亲和吉姆父亲
③若一样东西为两人所有，只在后一个名词后加’s。
This is Tm and Jim's father 汤姆和吉姆的父亲。
2.f所有格
无生命的名词常用f所有格表示所有关系；名词短语或定语修饰的有生命的名词用f所有格。
the windw f the rm 房间的窗户
3.双重所有格
指＂名词＋f＋名词所有格＂或＂名词＋f＋名词性物主代词＂。
a play f Shakespeare’s(莎士比亚的一个戏剧)
a friend f mine(我的一个朋友)
【即时训练】请用下列单词的适当形式填空
16.（2022新高考II卷）He saved my _________ (sn) life," said Mrs. Brwn.
17.（2022浙江1月卷）It is calculated by dividing a _____________ (persn) weight in kg by their height in meters squared, and a BMI f between 19 and 25 is cnsidered healthy.
18.--- Wh did yu spend last weekend with? --- The ____________(Palmer).
19.The ____________(girl) shes were cvered with mud, s I asked them t take them ff befre they gt int ____________(Tm) car.
20.Owning a lvable, cuddly pet can unquestinably make ne’s hme life better and apparently, it can affect pet _____________(wner) prfessinal lives as well.
考点清单五、动词/形容词变为名词后缀
要点精讲1：动词转化为名词的后缀
要点精讲2：形容词转化为名词的后缀
【即时训练】请用下列单词的适当形式填空
21.（2023新高考II卷）Since June 2017, right befre the 36 (arrive) f the tw new pandas, Meng Meng and Jia Qing, I have been helping the panda keepers at the z t feel mre cmfrtable and cnfident speaking English.
22.（2023全国甲卷）The themes f traditinal fables ften deal with simple truths abut everyday life. Hwever, Casn’s theme is a mre weighty 69 (warn) abut envirnmental destructin.
23.（2022全国甲卷）Ca and Wu als cllected garbage alng the rad, in rder t prmte envirnmental ___________ (prtect).
24.（2022全国乙卷）“As a main prmter f the Internatinal Tea Day, the birthplace f tea and the largest tea-prducing cuntry, China has a ___________ (respnsible)t wrk with ther cuntries t prmte the healthy develpment f the tea industry.
25.（2021新高考II卷）A cmpany ________ (represent) wrte back and tld me the airline was switching ver frm plastic t paper cups n all f its 1,200 daily flights.
考点清单六、名词分类及句法功能
要点精讲1：名词分类
要点精讲2：名词句法功能
1.作主语
The yung wman played an imprtant part in the matter. 那年轻女人在这件事上举足轻重。
His grandpa jined the Red Army at the age f fifteen. 他爷爷十五岁时参加红军。
2.作宾语
（1）作及物动词的直接宾语
I met yur elder brther in the street。我在街上碰见你哥哥了。
Have yu finished the letter t Jane?你写完给珍的信了吗？
（2）作及物动词的间接宾语。
I tld my students a funny stry. 我给学生们讲一个有趣的故事。
She asked the dctr anther questin. 她问了医生另一个问题。
（3）作介词的宾语。
After 20 years’ traveling, he settled dwn in Liangxiang. 二十年的流浪后,他在良乡定居。
D yu still ask yur parents fr mney?你还向爸妈要钱吗？
3.作表语
It’s a gd idea t plant trees here . 在这里栽些树是个好主意。
She is nw a prfessr while her husband remains a wrker. 也现在是教授而丈夫仍是个工人。
4.作宾语的补足语
They elected Tm head f the wrkshp. 他们推选汤姆当车间的头。（职务名词作宾补前面不加冠词）
The ld man called my uncle Xia Li. 老人喊我叔叔小李。
5.作定语
（1）直接作定语, 通常用单数形式。
cllege students大学生 girl friend女友 vegetable garden菜园 basketball match篮球赛
Let’s stp by the bk stre n the way hme.回家的路上，我们的书店停一下吧！
He bught the shes in that she shp. 这双鞋他是在那个鞋店买的。
（2）名词所有格作定语。
students’bks学生用书
China’s capital中国的首都
the wrld’s ppulatin世界人口
（3）man，wman，gentleman作定语
man，wman，gentleman作定语时可以用单数和复数两种形式，但必须随所修饰名词的数而定。
He said that tw wmen dctrs wuld cme t ur village the next day. 他说明天有两个女医生到我们村子来。
There are many men teachers in ur schl. 我们学校有很多男教师。
（4）某些常用复数的名词用作定语
某些常用复数的名词，当它们用作定语时，也须用复数形式。
arms prductin 武器生产 clthes shp服装商店 sales department营业部 a gds train货车
savings bank 储蓄所 freign languages department外语系
（5）单位名称、报纸、广播、电视等的标题中经常出现复数名词作定语。
Learning Skills center学习技巧交流中心 The Bys Club 男孩俱乐部
（6）表示类别时名词直接作定语还是用所有格作定语一定要严格遵守习惯。
a peasant family/by(peasant习惯直接作定语) a wrker’s family(wrker习惯用所有格作定语)
（7）两种定语有时并存但意义不一样。
wmen drivers女司机 the wman’s driver这位妇女的司机
girl friend女朋友 the girl’s friend 这女孩的朋友
mther tngue母语 mther’s tngue母亲的舌头
（8）名词作定语强调被修饰成分的内容或职能，与其同根的形容词作定语则强调特点或属性
gld watch 金表 (指手表是含金的) glden watch 金色的表 (指表是金色的，但不一定含金)
6.作状语
时间名词、数量名词、距离名词等有时可以作状语。
The sldiers walked 50 kilmeters at a night. 战士们一夜行军五十公里
Yur suitcase weighs 10 kilgrams. 你的手提箱重10千克。
【即时训练】请用下列单词的适当形式填空
26. “I had t wait fr the staff t write dwn my infrmatin, which caused much mre ________ (cnvenience) than scanning cdes.”
27..I have t make a __________(cmplain) abut the pr quality f fd and service in yur restaurant.
28.The ld man wh had a car accident last week made a full _________ (recver) frm the peratin in hspital.
29.Even a thirty-minute run will prvide ________(relieve) frm aches r tensin.
30.She was unable t give the plice a __________(describe) f the attacker because she had n memry f what had happened t her.
分类训练（一）单句填空（高考真题）
【即时训练】在空白处填1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1.（2023浙江1月卷）Thanks t Beijing’s lng histry as capital f China, almst every hutng has its stries, and sme are even assciated with histric (event).
2.（2022新高考I卷）The GPNP’s main gal is t imprve cnnectivity between separate _____________ (ppulatin) and hmes f giant pandas, and eventually achieve a desired level f ppulatin in the wild.
3.（2022浙江1月卷）Cbb, fr her party, started t ask cnference rganizers wh invited her t speak if she culd d s remtely; abut three-quarters f the time, they agreed. When the answer was n, she declined the _____________ (invite).
4. (2021全国甲卷)Suppsedly yu can d it in tw hurs, but we stpped at the different gates and ________ (watchtwer) t take pictures r just t watch the lcal peple ging abut their daily rutines.
5. (2021全国乙卷) ________(activity) there range frm whale watching t hiking (远足) and accmmdatins aim t have a lw impact n the natural envirnment.
6. (2021全国乙卷) It is different frm traditinal turism because it allws the traveler t becme educated abut the areas,… and ften prvides mney fr cnservatin and benefits the __________(develp) f the lcal areas.
7. (2021浙江6月卷) In 1844 they bught it fr $1,200 and sme land frm Charles Dresser, wh perfrmed their ________ (marry) ceremny in 1842.
8. (2020全国I卷) The far side f the mn is f particular ________ (interesting) t scientists because it has a lt f deep craters (环形山), mre s than the familiar near side.
9. (2020全国II卷) Chinese New Year is a __________ (celebrate) marking the end f the winter seasn and the beginning f spring.
10. (2020全国III卷) Filled with _______ (curius), the artist packed his bags and left.
11.(2019全国I卷) In recent years sme Inuit peple in Nunavut have reprted increases in bear sightings arund human settlements, leading t a _______(believe) that ppulatins are increasing.
12.(2019全国Ⅲ卷) When they were free frm wrk, they invited us t lcal events and let us knw f an interesting ____________ (cmpete) t watch, tgether with the stry behind it.
13.(2017全国Ⅰ卷) This trend has had sme unintended side _______(effect) such as verweight and heart disease.
14.(2017全国Ⅱ卷) It ran fr just under seven kilmeters and allwed peple t avid terrible ________(crwd) n the rads.
15.(2017全国Ⅱ卷) This develpment was nly pssible with the _________(intrduce) f electric-pwered engines and lifts.
分类训练（二）单句改错（高考真题）
【即时训练】下列各句均有一处错误，请指出并纠正。
16.(2023全国甲卷)The bees, butterfly and many ther insects lked lvely and beautiful n the stamps.
17.(2022全国乙卷) Our cities will be better places if we replace cars with bicycle.
18. (2021全国甲卷) Many students say they will talk t their friend r classmates because they’re f the same age and can understand each ther.
19. (2021全国乙卷) I always assist my parents in ding the dish after meals.
20. (2020全国I卷) Next I brke the eggs int a bwl and beat them quickly with chpstick.
21. (2020全国II卷) Luckily, I will g hme in tw weeks fr summer vacatins.
22. (2019全国Ⅱ卷) Since I was a kid, I’ve cnsidered different jb I wuld like t d.
23. (2019全国Ⅲ卷) I wish t have a chain f cafes in many different city.
24. (2018全国Ⅰ卷) Last winter when I went there again, they had a big separate huse t raise dzens f chicken.
25.(2018全国II卷)When I was little, Friday’s night was ur family game night.
分类训练（三）名词单数变复数16组
1. glass bus bx church brush
2. breath path x muth stmach
3. family factry city cuntrybaby
4. valley chimneymnkeyhlidayby
5. ptat tmat her Negr vlcan
6. kil pian phtradikangar
7. knife leaf wlflifethief
8. gulf rf belief prf chef
9. tth gse muse
10. child man wmanplicemanFrenchman
11. Rman Germanhuman
12. phenmenn quizcrisis analysisemphasis
13. grwn-up passer-by lker-n stand-by editr-in-chief
14. deer sheep series fish species
15. wrks means aircraft Chinese Japanese
16. by friend girl student man teacherwman scientist
分类训练（四）动词或形容词变名词100例
名词五年高考真题细目表
卷别
词类转换
单数变复数
名词所有格
2023新高考II卷
arrival
interviews
2023全国甲卷
warning
2023全国乙卷
wnders
2022新高考I卷
ppulatins
2022新高考II卷
sn's
2022全国甲卷
prtectin
2022全国乙卷
respnsibility
2021新高考1卷
humans
2021新高考II卷
representative
2021全国甲卷
watchtwers
2021全国乙卷
develpment
Activities
2020全国I卷
interest
2020全国II卷
celebratin
2020全国III卷
curisity
2020新高考卷
accuracy
2019全国I卷
belief
2019全国III卷
cmpetitin
一般情况下
在词尾直接加-s
muth→muths,huse→huses
以-s,-x,-ch,-sh结尾的名词
在词尾加-es
glass→glasses,match→matches
以辅音字母+-y结尾的名词
变y为i再加-es
cuntry→cuntries,factry→factries
以元音字母+-y结尾的名词
在词尾直接加-s
hliday→hlidays,mnkey→mnkeys
以结尾的名词
一般在词尾加-s
pian→pians,pht→phts
有些在词尾加-es
her→heres,ptat→ptates
以-f,-fe结尾的名词
一般要变f或fe为v加-es
self→selves,wlf→wlves
少数直接加-s
rf→rfs,belief→beliefs
单复数同形
deer, sheep, Chinese, means(方式,方法), series, species
词形变化
man→men, wman→wmen, child→children,
tth→teeth, ft→feet, muse→mice
合成名词的复数
将主体名词变为复数:passer-by→passers-by, lker-n→lkers-n
无主体名词时通常在最后一个词后加-s:
grwn-up→grwn-ups, stand-by→stand-bys
名词前有man/wman修饰
man/wman和中心词都要变为复数形式。如:
wman dctr→wmen dctrs, man teacher→men teachers。
单词
抽象名词意义
具体化名词意义
success
成功
成功的人或事
pleasure
乐趣
令人高兴的事
beauty
美；美丽
美丽的人或事物
cmfrt
安慰；慰藉
令人感到安慰的人或事物
danger
危险
危险的人或因素
delight
高兴
令人高兴的事
failure
失败
失败的人或事物
surprise
惊奇
令人惊奇的事情
shck
震惊
令人震惊的事情
pride
骄傲
令人骄傲的事情
主要用于表示有生命的人或物的所有关系。
(1)一般是名词词尾加-'s。如:Jhn's hme约翰的家;
(2)以-s或-es结尾的复数名词,只在词尾加-'。如:students' textbks 学生们的课本;
(3)词尾不带-(e)s的复数名词,仍加-'s。如:children's game 孩子们的游戏。
表示无生命的事物的名词通常用f所有格表示所有关系;名词短语或有定语修饰的有生命的名词也常用f所有格。如:
the title f the article文章的标题;
the name f the girl ver there那边那位女孩的名字。
双重所有格的构成为:“名词+f+-'s所有格”或“名词+f+名词性物主代词”。表示“其中之一”或“其中一部分”,名词前可用a,any,sme,a few,tw,this,that,these,thse 等修饰,但不能用the。如:
a picture f my mther's我母亲(拥有)的一张照片;
this little cat f yur sister's你妹妹的这只小猫。
后缀
例词
－in/
－tin/
－sin/
crrect→crrectin改正 celebrate→celebratin庆祝
cnclude→cnclusin结论；结束 discuss→discussin讨论；论述
decide→decisin决定 admit→admissin承认；准许加入
permit→permissin允许，许可 invite→invitatin邀请
explain→explanatin解释 expect→expectatin期望
－er/
－r
sail→sailr海员，水手 drive→driver司机；驾驶员
gather→gatherer收集者，采集者 teach→teacher老师
annunce→annuncer广播员 cnduct→cnductr指挥；售票员
－ment
punish→punishment惩罚 achieve→achievement成就
argue→argument辩论；论据 treat→treatment对待；治疗
equip →equipment装备；设备 gvern→gvernment政府
astnish→astnishment惊奇
－ance/
－ence
appear→appearance出现；外貌 guide→guidance指引；指导
perfrm→perfrmance表演；表现 exist→existence存在；生存
prefer→preference偏爱 refer→reference参考，查阅
－ure/
-ture
fail→failure失败；倒闭 press→pressure压力
depart→departure离开；出发 mix→mixture混合(物)
－ing
hear→hearing听力，听觉 begin→beginning开始
build→building建筑 warn→warning 警告
－y
recver→recvery恢复 discver→discvery发现
后缀
例词
－age
shrt→shrtage 短缺 percent→percentage 百分比
－cy
efficient→efficiency效率 fluent→fluency流利
accurate→accuracy准确性 private→privacy隐私
－dm
free→freedm自由 wise→wisdm明智；智慧
－ence
different→difference差异 evident →evidence 证据
－ness
weak→weakness虚弱；弱点 thick→thickness厚度
kind→kindness仁慈，友好 careless→carelessness粗心大意
－th
strng→strength力气；优势 warm→warmth温暖；热情
－y/－ty/－ity
safe→safety安全 disable→disability缺陷；伤残
respnsible→respnsibility责任 hnest→hnesty诚实
difficult→difficulty困难
1.accept
2.accmmdate
3.accurate
4.acquaint
5.admit
6.abundant
7.anxius
8.appear
9.apprve
10.allw
11.argue
12.arrive
13.assist
14.appint
15.aware
16.beautiful
17.bre
18.chse
19.cmpare
20.cmpete
21.cmplain
22.cnsume
23.cnclude
24.cnsequent
25.curius
26.decide
27.deep
28.depart
29.depend
30.describe
31.destry
32.disturb
33.diverse
34.emergent
35.enter
36.enthusiastic
37.equal
38.except
39.expect
40.exist
41.expand
42.explain
43.explre
44.friendly
45.fluent
46.fly
47.fund
48.frequent
49.generus
50.grw
51.hnest
52.ignre
53.imprve
54.injure
55.intend
56.intrduce
57.invite
58.just
59.laugh
60.lng
61.lse
62.majr
63.mix
64.mdest
65.necessary
66.ccupy
67.perate
68.participate
69.permit
70.physics
71.pian
72.pr
73.pssible
74.prefer
75.prepare
76.press
77.private
78.prnunce
79.publish
80.qualify
81.real
82.recgnize
83.recver
84.refuse
85.relax
86.relieve
87.resist
88.respnd
89.respnsible
90.secure
91.significant
92.similar
93.starve
94.strng
95.survive
96.true
97.vary
98.warm
99.wise
100.yung
分类训练（五）语法填空（外刊原创）
成都独特文化遗产吸引来访大运会运动员
Unique cultural heritage set t captivate visiting athletes
By HU YUYAN | | Updated: 2023-07-28 09:35
During the 31st FISU Summer Wrld University Games in Chengdu, athletes and guests frm all crners f the wrld have the chance 1 (immerse) themselves in China's rich histry and vibrant culture, as they explre the histrical city f Chengdu.
Giant pandas are ne f the 2 (well-knwn) symbls f Chinese culture and are als the city ambassadr fr Chengdu. The lve f giant pandas is further demnstrated in the Japanese manga series Chibi Maruk-chan, 3 the main character nce said, "It wuld be a blw t ne's pride if they have never seen a giant panda in their lifetime."
Accrding t the 4 (fur) natinal panda survey, Sichuan is hme 5 1,387 wild giant pandas, 6 (accunt) fr 74.4 percent f the ttal giant panda ppulatin in the cuntry.
Established in 1987, the base started with six sick and hungry pandas that 7 (rescue) frm the wild and began its scientific research n the bear species thereafter. It has nw becme a glbal leader in the field f giant panda research, a site fr public educatin 8 a destinatin fr educatinal turism.
The masct f the Chengdu FISU Games is named Rngba, 9 (base) n a giant panda named Zhima frm the base. In preparatin fr the Chengdu FISU Games, prducts featuring Rngba's image have gained increasing 10 (ppular).
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