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中考英语复习题型专项训练第5节短文填空 课件
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这是一份中考英语复习题型专项训练第5节短文填空 课件，共52页。PPT课件主要包含了第5节 短文填空，However ，At ，socks ，set ，well ，need ，raised ，their ，on 等内容，欢迎下载使用。
该题型的特点是在一篇短文中留出 10个空格（首句不设空），要求考生根据短 文的内容以及上下文的意思，在空白处填入意思、语法都正确的单词，一空只能填 一个词（有些空的答案可能不是唯一的）。其中所填的单词是中考英语考纲要求掌 握的四会单词，主要以实词（名词、动词、形容词、副词、代词、数词等）为主。 短文的题材很广泛，可以是故事、文化习俗、科普小品、体育新闻等，所选的文章 一般都是考生比较熟悉的材料。
短文填空是中考一个难度比较大的题型。它所涉及的知识面广，灵活性高，综 合性也很强。它不仅考查考生在词汇、语法和习惯用法等方面的基础知识，还考查 考生理解、推导、分析等综合能力。从表面上看它是考查考生对单词的辨认能力， 而实质上它既考查了考生掌握单词的数量及准确性，又考查了他们对上下文以及词 义的理解和判断能力，由此考查考生的知识记忆与再现能力。
因此，考生需要做到：1. 熟记单词。熟记考纲单词，包括单词的形、音、义和词性， 还要记住它的同义词、反义词，同 时注意词形和词性的转变。2. 熟记短语。熟记初中阶段的重点短语，注意短语的固定搭配和用法。3. 熟记句型。一定要记住句型的结构，分析句子成分。同学们要熟记教材中的重要句型。
4. 熟记易混词辨析。能够分辨词义相近而用法不同，或形式和意思相同但词性或用法不同的词语。同学 们在平时的学习中对易混词要进行归纳总结。
短文填空分三种题型：题型一 选词填空选词填空是指把一篇文章的关键词语挖空，并把词序打乱，让学生根据短文内容选 择正确的词语填空。此类题型要求学生在正确理解和把握文章的基础上，通过分析 行文线索来填写空缺单词，补全短文。
如：[泰安中考]根据短文内容，用方框中所给词语的适当形式填空，使文章通 顺、完整。（每词限用一次）
he，kill， scared， silly， lie， curage， hear， against， fight，strng
One sunny afternn， a yung deer and an ld deer were （61） under a tree in the frest.Suddenly， in the distance， they （62） sme sunds f dgs’ barking.
The ld deer std up quickly. He felt nervus and （63） .He said t the yung deer，“Be quick！It’s time t find a place t hide in.The barking dgs are fierce （凶猛的） and they will（64） us.”
The yung deer laughed and said， “Why shuld we hide frm the dgs？ We are bigger and （65） than them.We can tss（扔） them aside with ur big antlers （角）.We shuld fight with them bravely.”The ld deer admired the （66） f the yung deer， but he did nt believe the yung deer.“We’d better run away nw，" said the ld deer.The yung deer refused t run away. He decided t fight （67 ） the dgs. As the dgs ran t （68） ， he put dwn his antlers and wanted t tss them aside. But he didn’t win the （69） because there were t many dgs. He was killed by the dgs in the end.The yung deer lst his life because he didn’t knw his strength and weakness. We can learn a lessn frm the stry. Dn’t be like the （70） yung deer when we are in danger. We shuld knw ur strength and weakness.
解析：61. lying[由下文“The ld deer std up quickly.（这只老鹿很快地站起来）”可知， 一开始两只鹿正躺在树下。结合空前的were可知此句用过去进行时：were＋ding， 故空处用lie的现在分词lying。]62. heard[根据后面的sunds可知句意为“它们听到了狗叫的声音”，时态为一般过 去时，故填hear的过去式heard。]63. scared [and连接两个并列成分，and前是nervus，后面应该是和nervus并列的 词，故填scared。]64. kill[句意：那些正在叫的狗很凶猛，它们将会杀了我们。will后跟动词原形，故 填kill。]
65. strnger[句意：我们比它们更大、更强壮。and连接并列成分，由上文的bigger可 知此处填strng的比较级strnger。]66. curage[年幼的鹿不愿意躲藏起来，认为应该勇敢地和狗战斗，年老的鹿钦佩年 幼的鹿的勇气。故填curage。]67. against [fight against是固定搭配，意为“与……战斗”。]68. him[句意：当狗朝着它跑过来时……。t为介词，后接代词的宾格，故填him。]69. fight[句意：但它没有赢得这场战斗，因为有太多的狗。fight在这里作名词，意 为“战斗；斗争”。]70. silly[句意：当我们处于危险时，不要像这头年幼的鹿一样愚蠢。故填silly。]
题型二 语法填空语法填空题把语法知识测试全部放在语篇中进行，旨在考查考生在语篇中综合运用 语言知识的能力。它不但要求考生有扎实的词汇、语法等基础知识和对句型结构的 灵活运用能力，而且还要求考生有良好的语感和一定的阅读理解能力。语法填空题 有的空格后有提示词，有的没有提示词。
常考考点：1. 有提示词（1）提示词为动词①作谓语a.考查时态时要根据全文的主体时态和上下文语境进行判断。b.考查语态时要注意分析主语和谓语动词之间的逻辑关系。c.考查单复数时要根据主语的单复数来确定谓语动词的单复数。
②作非谓语a.动词不定式，可作目的、结果等状语，也可作主语、宾语、定语、补足语等。b.动名词，可作动词或介词的宾语。c.现在分词，可作定语、状语等；表示动作正在进行或表主动。d.过去分词，可作后置定语、状语等；表示动作已完成或表被动。
（2）提示词为名词：注意从词性转换、单复数、所有格等方面考虑。（3）提示词为形容词：注意从词性转换、比较级、最高级等方面考虑。（4）词性转换：注意动词、名词、形容词、副词之间的相互转换。
2. 无提示词做这类题时，首先要分析句子结构，根据句子所缺成分确定填哪类词。然后，根据 句子的意思或上下文的逻辑关系确定具体填什么词。无提示词的题通常填的词有： 限定词、代词、介词、并列连词、从句引导词、情态动词、助动词等。（1）如果在名词前面挖空，一般填限定词。限定词包括冠词、形容词性物主代 词、不定代词、指示代词等。（2）如果在谓语动词前挖空，则应首先考虑填人称代词的主格或关系代词wh， which等。（3）如果在名词或代词前挖空，而该名词或代词在句中不作主语、表语，也不作 动词的宾语时，很可能填介词。
（4）如果两个单词、短语或句子是并列、转折或递进等关系，应填并列连词。（5）如果两个完整的句子之间没有连词，也没有分号或句点，应填从句的引 导词。（6）如果设空处所在的句子结构比较完整，设空后的谓语动词是原形，且与上下 文时态不一致或主谓不一致时，很可能填情态动词或助动词。
技巧点拨：1. 快速浏览，了解大意对于有把握的空，可以先填出来。2. 上下求索，填出答案根据上下文及空格前后的逻辑关系，填出正确的词以及正确的形式。3. 通读全文，检查确认特别要注意应根据文章的意思，认真思考有些空是否要加否定前缀。
如：[金华、丽水中考]阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或填入括号中 所给单词的正确形式。D yu play Ant Frest？ It is 61. nline game n Alipay（支付 宝）.Players 62. （cllect）“energy”by ding smething envirnmentally- friendly.They can grw and water 63. （they）wn “trees” with the “energy”. 64. the “trees” are big enugh， Alipay with sme ther cmpanies will plant real trees in the desert（沙漠） area f China. Every year millins f trees 65. （plant） in this way.
解析：61. an[句意：这是一款在线支付宝游戏。中心词game是可数名词单数，nline是以元 音音素开头的单词，此处泛指一个，故填an。]62. cllect[句意：游戏者通过做一些环保的事情来收集“能量”。分析句子结构可 知此句缺少谓语动词，讲述客观事实用一般现在时，主语为复数，故谓语动词填 cllect。]63. their[句意：他们可以用“能量”来种植和浇灌他们自己的“树”。此处用形容 词性物主代词their修饰名词“tees”。]
64. When/If[句意：当“树”足够大时（如果树足够大），支付宝公司将与其他公司 一起在中国的沙漠地区种植真正的树。根据语境可知，此处可理解为when引导的时 间状语从句或if引导的条件状语从句，句首字母要大写，故填When/If。]65. are planted [句意：每年都以这种方式种植数以百万计的树木。trees与plant之间是 被动关系，主语为复数，故填are planted。]
题型三 首字母提示填空首字母填空是根据句意和已给出的首字母，在句子的空白处填上适当的单词，使句 子意思完整，语法正确的一种题型。该题型既考查学生的单词记忆和拼写能力，又 考查学生对句子的理解和运用能力。
解题技巧1. 跳过空格，快速阅读全文，从整体上感知全文，掌握大意，了解全篇的内容和要 旨快速阅读时，切忌只盯住一个句子仓促解题，这样势必因胸无全局而在理解上出 现偏差。快速阅读时，还要注意找出关键词，这些词在文中起支撑骨架的功能，抓 住了关键词就抓住了故事的线索。特别要重视首句，善于以首句的时态、语气为立 足点，理清文脉，推测全文时态、主题及大意。2. 复读短文，确定语义，判断词形
把握短文大意后再认真复读短文，利用上下文的语境，结合学过的知识，先确定空 格处所需词语的意义，再根据空格在句子中的位置，判断其在句中充当的成分，从 而确定所填词的词性，再依据词语搭配和语法规则，判断所填词的正确形式。如短 文难度较大，尤其是难于选词时，从本句的前后观察中一时尚不得要领，就要进一 步扩大到上下文中分析。
3. 三读短文，上下参照，验证答案在短文的空白处分别填上一个词后，将完成的短文再细读一遍，上下参照，连贯思 考。可从上下文内容是否协调一致、顺理成章，语法结构是否正确无误等方面进行 综合验证，凡有疑问必须重新推敲考虑。
如：[天津中考]根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词，使短文意思完整。每 空限填一词。The villagers in Mhangeni，Africa，faced a very big challenge （挑战）.They didn’t have a schl fr their kids.Then the village elder thught f an 76. i . He said that there was an ld， abandned（废弃的）farmhuse.It culd be changed int classrms after cleaning and furnishing（装设备）it. All the villagers were 77. p with his suggestin and started the prject immediately.
解析：76. idea[句意：后来，村子里的长者想到了一个主意。根据空前的an可知此处应填入 一个名词。idea意为“主意”，符合语境。]77. pleased [句意：所有的村民都对他的建议满意，并立即开始了这项工程。pleased 意为“满意的”。be pleased with“对……满意”。故填pleased。]
【2023·广东】请从方框内选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空， 使文章完整连贯。 注意每空一词， 每词仅用一次， 有两词为多余项。请将答案写在答题卡对应题目 的答题位置上。
it either be because what elseby invent clean ppular habit hundred
There is a small thing we use every day. We usually put 66 in the bathrm. Withut it， we might have tth prblems. Can yu guess 67 it is？ Yes， it’s the tthbrush. But d yu knw anything abut its histry？
Accrding t sme research， befre tthbrushes appeared， the ancient Chinese peple 68 their teeth with sme small tree branches （树枝）. Abut 800 years ag， peple made a kind f brushes with pig hair and bamb. It might 69 the wrld’s earliest frm f tthbrushes. As time went 70 ， the frms f tthbrushes changed. Fr example， peple chse hrse-tail hair instead f pig hair 71 pig hair was t hard. Imagine that yu travel back t 72 f years ag and brush yur teeth cmfrtably. It sunds fantastic， desn’t it？
Arund the 15th century， the Chinese tthbrush fund its way int Eurpe. It became 73 amng lcal peple sn. The 74 f tthbrushes was nt as famus as that f paper-making， but it was very useful in daily life. Tday we have a gd 75 f brushing teeth. We shuld thank the ancient Chinese fr it.
66. 句意：我们通常把它放在浴室里。指代前文“a small thing”， 需用代词it。 故填it。
67. 句意：你能猜出它是什么吗？根据“Can yu guess... it is？”可知，是询问猜出 它是什么。what“什么”。故填what。68. 句意：根据一些研究， 在牙刷出现之前， 中国古人用一些小树枝清洁牙齿。根 据“befre tthbrushes appeared， the ancient Chinese peple... their teeth...”可知， 没有牙刷， 古人会用树枝清洁牙齿。clean the teeth表示“清理牙齿”；句子是一般 过去时， 动词需用过去式。故填cleaned。69. 句意：这可能是世界上最早的牙刷。此处是系表结构， 情态动词might后跟be动 词原形。故填be。
70. 句意：随着时间的推移， 牙刷的形状也发生了变化。As time ges by“随着 时间的流逝”。故填by。
71. 句意：例如， 人们选择马尾毛而不是猪毛， 因为猪毛太硬了。前后句之间是因 果关系， 前果后因， 用because表示“因为”。故填because。72. 句意：想象一下， 你回到几百年前， 舒舒服服地刷牙。根据“Abut 800 years ag”可知，此处是hundreds f短语， 表示“数以百计的”。故填hundreds。73. 句意：它开始在当地人之间流行起来。根据“It became... amng lcal peple sn.”可知，空处需填入形容词作表语， ppular“受欢迎的”符合语境。故填 ppular。
74. 句意：牙刷的发明不像造纸术那样出名， 但在日常生活中非常有用。根据 “The... f tthbrushes”可知，是指牙刷的发明。inventin“发明”。故填 inventin。75. 句意：今天我们养成了刷牙的好习惯。根据“Tday we have a gd... f brushing teeth.”可知，刷牙是好习惯。have a gd habit f“有一个……好习惯”。故填 habit。 66. it 67. what 68. cleaned 69. be 70. by 71. because 72. hundreds
73. ppular74. inventin75. habit
【2020·广东】短文填空请用适当的词完成下面的短文，并把所缺单词填写在答题卡指定的位置上。每个空 只能填写一个形式正确、意义相符的单词。 Jane is a warm-hearted girl. She is nly ten years ld， 11 she has big ideas f helping ther kids. Jane tk part in a winter camp 12 the age f eight. During her stay in the camp， she went t visit sme kids in pr areas. She felt sad that the kids there didn’t have new clthes t 13 and tys t play with. After she returned hme， she kept thinking abut 14 t d t help thse kids.
One mrning Jane saw sme elder kids selling lemn juice by the street. They wanted t raise 15 t help their friends. Then she came up with an 16 . With the help f her mther， Jane 17 up her first lemnade stand （摊档）. In a week， it made 52 dllars Althugh it was nly a 18 mney， she helped 12 kids with it！ She felt very excited when she saws smiles n 19 faces. After that， her mther helped her start a prgram called Jane’s Lemnade fr Lve. Up till nw， she has already raised 20 than 17，000 dllars！ She is ging t spend the mney n clthes， tys and bks fr the pr kids. 11. but 12. at 13. wear 14. what 15. mney 16. idea 17. set
18. little19. their20. mre
【2021·广东】短文填空请阅读下面这篇文章，在所给的每个空格中填入一个形式正确、意义相符的单词， 并将答案写在答题卡上对应题目的答题位置。 Many freigners mve t China because f a strng interest in its culture. One man has turned his interest int lve and this lve made 71 write many bks abut China. He is William， an American wh has lived in China 72 33 years， his Chinese name is Pan Weilian. His Chinese friends 73 him “La Pan”.
In 1988， La Pan first came t China and 74 as a teacher at a university. But La Pan did nt begin t understand China 75 he and his family tk a 3-mnth drive arund the cunty. These experiences in China gave him ideas fr his bks. Since then， he has 76 thirteen bks abut China. These bks give the wrld a fuller picture f China and La Pan is 77 f what he is ding. La Pan’s new bk includes his frty-seven 78 t his family back in America. The letters shw China’s develpment in different perids. La pan ften says he lves China 79 its peple s much. He sees it as a life-lng task t let mre westerners knw 80 China is like. He will cntinue telling the natin’s stries t the wrld. 71. him 72. fr 73. call 74. wrked 75. until 76. written 77. prud
78. letters79. and80. what
【2022·广东】短文填空 请阅读下面短文，在所给的每个空格中填入一个形式正确、意义相符的单词。 Wuld yu like t start yur day with a cup f tea？ If the answer is 66 ， yu may have the same habit as many peple. Yu may nt knw 67 ppular tea is. Amng all kinds f drinks， tea is ne f the tw chices. Peple like it because it is 68 fr their health. Tea is mstly prduced 69 Asian cuntries like China and India. Chinese peple started t drink tea as early as 5，000 years 70 . At that time， peple made tea in a simple way and just put fresh tea leaves int ht 71 .
Tea wasn’t intrduced int Eurpe until the early 17th century. And nw it has 72 ppular in Eurpe and America. Peple there like t 73 tea with sugar r milk in it. As the ppulatin f tea drinkers gets larger， tea bu sin ess is getting 74 imprtant than befre. The first Internatinal Tea Day was n May 21st， 2020. Since then， peple have celebrated 75 every year. The Day makes peple realize the imprtance f tea wrkers and… 66. yes 67. hw 68. gd 69. in 70. ag 71. water 72. becme
73. drink74. mre75. it
（一）【2023·苏州改编】短文填空。
always interest frm they needhwever set a sck raise at gd
Jhn Crnin was brn with Dwn Syndrme （唐氏综合征）， s he has mre difficulty in learning. 1. ， this has never stpped him frm achieving great success in the bu sin ess wrld.
After graduating frm senir high schl， Jhn didn’t g t cllege like mst yung peple. Instead， he gt int bu sin ess.
2. first， Jhn thught abut starting a fd truck with his father Mark Crnin， but neither he nr his father culd ck. Jhn has been 3. in scks frm a very yung age. S after sme thinking， they decided t sell 4. . Mark said that Jhn was 5. creative by and that he had always lved clrful and wild scks. S they 6. up Jhn’s Crazy Scks Cmpany. The father and the sn have dne different jbs. Jhn wrks n sck design， while Mark manages mney and wrkers.
interested
The scks have sld very 7. sin ce they were put n the market. While making crazy mney， the tw haven’t frgtten t help peple in 8. . They have created 35 jbs fr peple with disabilities and have 9. ver 135，000 dllars fr charities （慈善团体）. They try 10. best t make sck shpping special. S they ffer dr-t-dr delivery （送货） t custmers in the neighbrhd. And fr thse wh live farther， Jhn sends a persnal nte with each rder. They want t send happiness and make custmers happy.
二、【2023·安徽改编】短文填空。
he pl happy hw hear the hspital in prud n but call
The past autumn was really unfrgettable fr me.
I was at the neighbrhd pl party 1. a Friday afternn. My friend and I saw smene at the bttm f the 2. . We thught it was ne f ur friends playing， but we quickly realized it was a little by wh didn’t knw 3. t swim. I knew smething was wrng right away.
We lked arund， 4. the adults were talking far away in the backyard and there was n time t spare. I jumped int the pl， dived （潜水）underwater， and came clse t 5. little by. I swam as hard as I culd and pulled him nt a step in the pl. As sn as I gt 6. ut f the water， my friend and I started shuting fr help.
Once the adults 7. us， they ran ver. The little by wasn’t breathing （呼 吸）. Our neighbrs did CPR （心肺复苏）and smene else 8. 911. Sn the dctrs came and tk the little by t the 9. . Luckily the little by was ding great. I was wrried that I wuldn’t be able t get him ut f the water quickly enugh， but I did. My parents were s 10. f me and said， “Ww， yu saved that little by.” Peple tld me I was a her， but what else culd I have dne？ He needed help and I knew what t d.
三、【2023·福建改编】短文填空。
she the student ticket back happen leave t abut that get what
Mr. and Mrs. Smith were guitar teachers at a university. The cuple were s gd at teaching the guitar 1. their students lved them a lt and did well in the subject.
Hwever， Mrs. Smith fund that 2. memry was getting wrse and wrse. Smetimes she frgt 3. she had dne just minutes ag r what she planned t d. Such things 4. many times and usually put her t truble and f curse in a bad md. Her husband wrried a lt 5. her and decided t take her t a famus dctr wh lived in Lndn.
S Mrs. Smith bught tw 6. t Lndn. When they 7. t the airprt， the fficial there asked them t shw their tickets. But after lking fr 8. tickets fr a lng time， they culdn’t find them. Mrs. Smith thught again and again. Then she said， “I’m really srry. Maybe I 9. the tickets at hme. We’ll have t g 10. hme t get them.” Finally， when they returned t their huse， Mrs. Smith fund that she had left the keys in the huse.
四、【2023·成都改编】短文填空。
win difference as exciting such befre and it hw ag area part
Ye Ping is a wman frm Yunnan Prvince. She led the villagers t grw cffee twelve years 1. .
In 2011， Ye Ping started grwing Yunnan cffee 2. named it Tianyu. During the first 8 years， Ye never drank cffee herself. In rder t imprve the quality f Yunnan cffee， she started t learn abut 3. kinds f cffee and tried t cultivate （培育） Yunnan cffee further. She did s well that she even 4. first prize in a cmpetitin.
In 2018， Ye tk 5. in a training prgram. After the curse， she learned 6. t taste different kinds f cffee. In May 2021， Ye’s cffee was sent t the United Natins 7. a gift.With the develpment f planting technlgies and gd lcal cffee， her cmpany sells its cffee t many famus cffee shps 8. as Starbucks and Manner Cffee. There are mre than 200 farmers in her cmpany and the planting 9. is ver 134 hectares （公顷）. “My dream is t let the wrld knw that China has made10. wn gd cffee，” she said.
五、【2023·昆明改编】短文填空。
wake the grw sin ce say wnder sheby later surprise when knck
A mther and her daughter lived in a village. Every night， 1. mther wuld lck the dr with three lcks， because she was afraid that a thief might cme in.
As time went 2. ， the daughter became tired f her bring life there， and dreamed t g t the city t see the utside wrld. She als wanted t make much mney utside. One day， she left hme withut 3. gdbye t her mther. “Frget me， Mm，” she thught.
But the utside wrld wasn’t as 4. as she thught. She lived a hard life in the city. Ten years 5. ， she came back hme with a tired bdy and mind. When she gt hme， it was dark. She 6. at the dr， but nbdy answered. T her 7. ， she fund that the dr was unlcked. She came in and saw her mther lying in bed， sleeping. Tears ran dwn 8. face. Hearing the cry f her daughter， the mther 9. up. They hugged and cried. After a while， the daughter asked， “Mm， why didn’t yu lck the dr tday？” Her mther answered， “I haven’t lcked the dr 10. yu left. I was afraid yu wuldn’t be able t get in when yu came back.”
六、【2023·绍兴改编】短文填空。
t thugh a anther r busy gdrealize she wh cmpete give
Alice was brn in a pr sin gle-parent family. She was 1. 8-year-ld girl. There was nthing valuable in her huse except an ld pian.
Alice lived with her mther， a wman 2. was a pian teacher. In the daytime， her mther was s 3. that she culdn’t take care f her. S Alice had t stay at hme alne. She usually learned t play the pian hard by 4. . Smetimes she wanted t make friends with thers， but n ne wuld like t play with her. What’s wrse， they usually laughed at her. 5. they usually treated her badly， Alice never felt sad. Instead， she always encuraged herself， “I believe I’ll 6. my dream ne day. If I succeed， they wn’t laugh at me anymre.”
该题型的特点是在一篇短文中留出 10个空格（首句不设空），要求考生根据短 文的内容以及上下文的意思，在空白处填入意思、语法都正确的单词，一空只能填 一个词（有些空的答案可能不是唯一的）。其中所填的单词是中考英语考纲要求掌 握的四会单词，主要以实词（名词、动词、形容词、副词、代词、数词等）为主。 短文的题材很广泛，可以是故事、文化习俗、科普小品、体育新闻等，所选的文章 一般都是考生比较熟悉的材料。
短文填空是中考一个难度比较大的题型。它所涉及的知识面广，灵活性高，综 合性也很强。它不仅考查考生在词汇、语法和习惯用法等方面的基础知识，还考查 考生理解、推导、分析等综合能力。从表面上看它是考查考生对单词的辨认能力， 而实质上它既考查了考生掌握单词的数量及准确性，又考查了他们对上下文以及词 义的理解和判断能力，由此考查考生的知识记忆与再现能力。
因此，考生需要做到：1. 熟记单词。熟记考纲单词，包括单词的形、音、义和词性， 还要记住它的同义词、反义词，同 时注意词形和词性的转变。2. 熟记短语。熟记初中阶段的重点短语，注意短语的固定搭配和用法。3. 熟记句型。一定要记住句型的结构，分析句子成分。同学们要熟记教材中的重要句型。
4. 熟记易混词辨析。能够分辨词义相近而用法不同，或形式和意思相同但词性或用法不同的词语。同学 们在平时的学习中对易混词要进行归纳总结。
短文填空分三种题型：题型一 选词填空选词填空是指把一篇文章的关键词语挖空，并把词序打乱，让学生根据短文内容选 择正确的词语填空。此类题型要求学生在正确理解和把握文章的基础上，通过分析 行文线索来填写空缺单词，补全短文。
如：[泰安中考]根据短文内容，用方框中所给词语的适当形式填空，使文章通 顺、完整。（每词限用一次）
he，kill， scared， silly， lie， curage， hear， against， fight，strng
One sunny afternn， a yung deer and an ld deer were （61） under a tree in the frest.Suddenly， in the distance， they （62） sme sunds f dgs’ barking.
The ld deer std up quickly. He felt nervus and （63） .He said t the yung deer，“Be quick！It’s time t find a place t hide in.The barking dgs are fierce （凶猛的） and they will（64） us.”
The yung deer laughed and said， “Why shuld we hide frm the dgs？ We are bigger and （65） than them.We can tss（扔） them aside with ur big antlers （角）.We shuld fight with them bravely.”The ld deer admired the （66） f the yung deer， but he did nt believe the yung deer.“We’d better run away nw，" said the ld deer.The yung deer refused t run away. He decided t fight （67 ） the dgs. As the dgs ran t （68） ， he put dwn his antlers and wanted t tss them aside. But he didn’t win the （69） because there were t many dgs. He was killed by the dgs in the end.The yung deer lst his life because he didn’t knw his strength and weakness. We can learn a lessn frm the stry. Dn’t be like the （70） yung deer when we are in danger. We shuld knw ur strength and weakness.
解析：61. lying[由下文“The ld deer std up quickly.（这只老鹿很快地站起来）”可知， 一开始两只鹿正躺在树下。结合空前的were可知此句用过去进行时：were＋ding， 故空处用lie的现在分词lying。]62. heard[根据后面的sunds可知句意为“它们听到了狗叫的声音”，时态为一般过 去时，故填hear的过去式heard。]63. scared [and连接两个并列成分，and前是nervus，后面应该是和nervus并列的 词，故填scared。]64. kill[句意：那些正在叫的狗很凶猛，它们将会杀了我们。will后跟动词原形，故 填kill。]
65. strnger[句意：我们比它们更大、更强壮。and连接并列成分，由上文的bigger可 知此处填strng的比较级strnger。]66. curage[年幼的鹿不愿意躲藏起来，认为应该勇敢地和狗战斗，年老的鹿钦佩年 幼的鹿的勇气。故填curage。]67. against [fight against是固定搭配，意为“与……战斗”。]68. him[句意：当狗朝着它跑过来时……。t为介词，后接代词的宾格，故填him。]69. fight[句意：但它没有赢得这场战斗，因为有太多的狗。fight在这里作名词，意 为“战斗；斗争”。]70. silly[句意：当我们处于危险时，不要像这头年幼的鹿一样愚蠢。故填silly。]
题型二 语法填空语法填空题把语法知识测试全部放在语篇中进行，旨在考查考生在语篇中综合运用 语言知识的能力。它不但要求考生有扎实的词汇、语法等基础知识和对句型结构的 灵活运用能力，而且还要求考生有良好的语感和一定的阅读理解能力。语法填空题 有的空格后有提示词，有的没有提示词。
常考考点：1. 有提示词（1）提示词为动词①作谓语a.考查时态时要根据全文的主体时态和上下文语境进行判断。b.考查语态时要注意分析主语和谓语动词之间的逻辑关系。c.考查单复数时要根据主语的单复数来确定谓语动词的单复数。
②作非谓语a.动词不定式，可作目的、结果等状语，也可作主语、宾语、定语、补足语等。b.动名词，可作动词或介词的宾语。c.现在分词，可作定语、状语等；表示动作正在进行或表主动。d.过去分词，可作后置定语、状语等；表示动作已完成或表被动。
（2）提示词为名词：注意从词性转换、单复数、所有格等方面考虑。（3）提示词为形容词：注意从词性转换、比较级、最高级等方面考虑。（4）词性转换：注意动词、名词、形容词、副词之间的相互转换。
2. 无提示词做这类题时，首先要分析句子结构，根据句子所缺成分确定填哪类词。然后，根据 句子的意思或上下文的逻辑关系确定具体填什么词。无提示词的题通常填的词有： 限定词、代词、介词、并列连词、从句引导词、情态动词、助动词等。（1）如果在名词前面挖空，一般填限定词。限定词包括冠词、形容词性物主代 词、不定代词、指示代词等。（2）如果在谓语动词前挖空，则应首先考虑填人称代词的主格或关系代词wh， which等。（3）如果在名词或代词前挖空，而该名词或代词在句中不作主语、表语，也不作 动词的宾语时，很可能填介词。
（4）如果两个单词、短语或句子是并列、转折或递进等关系，应填并列连词。（5）如果两个完整的句子之间没有连词，也没有分号或句点，应填从句的引 导词。（6）如果设空处所在的句子结构比较完整，设空后的谓语动词是原形，且与上下 文时态不一致或主谓不一致时，很可能填情态动词或助动词。
技巧点拨：1. 快速浏览，了解大意对于有把握的空，可以先填出来。2. 上下求索，填出答案根据上下文及空格前后的逻辑关系，填出正确的词以及正确的形式。3. 通读全文，检查确认特别要注意应根据文章的意思，认真思考有些空是否要加否定前缀。
如：[金华、丽水中考]阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或填入括号中 所给单词的正确形式。D yu play Ant Frest？ It is 61. nline game n Alipay（支付 宝）.Players 62. （cllect）“energy”by ding smething envirnmentally- friendly.They can grw and water 63. （they）wn “trees” with the “energy”. 64. the “trees” are big enugh， Alipay with sme ther cmpanies will plant real trees in the desert（沙漠） area f China. Every year millins f trees 65. （plant） in this way.
解析：61. an[句意：这是一款在线支付宝游戏。中心词game是可数名词单数，nline是以元 音音素开头的单词，此处泛指一个，故填an。]62. cllect[句意：游戏者通过做一些环保的事情来收集“能量”。分析句子结构可 知此句缺少谓语动词，讲述客观事实用一般现在时，主语为复数，故谓语动词填 cllect。]63. their[句意：他们可以用“能量”来种植和浇灌他们自己的“树”。此处用形容 词性物主代词their修饰名词“tees”。]
64. When/If[句意：当“树”足够大时（如果树足够大），支付宝公司将与其他公司 一起在中国的沙漠地区种植真正的树。根据语境可知，此处可理解为when引导的时 间状语从句或if引导的条件状语从句，句首字母要大写，故填When/If。]65. are planted [句意：每年都以这种方式种植数以百万计的树木。trees与plant之间是 被动关系，主语为复数，故填are planted。]
题型三 首字母提示填空首字母填空是根据句意和已给出的首字母，在句子的空白处填上适当的单词，使句 子意思完整，语法正确的一种题型。该题型既考查学生的单词记忆和拼写能力，又 考查学生对句子的理解和运用能力。
解题技巧1. 跳过空格，快速阅读全文，从整体上感知全文，掌握大意，了解全篇的内容和要 旨快速阅读时，切忌只盯住一个句子仓促解题，这样势必因胸无全局而在理解上出 现偏差。快速阅读时，还要注意找出关键词，这些词在文中起支撑骨架的功能，抓 住了关键词就抓住了故事的线索。特别要重视首句，善于以首句的时态、语气为立 足点，理清文脉，推测全文时态、主题及大意。2. 复读短文，确定语义，判断词形
把握短文大意后再认真复读短文，利用上下文的语境，结合学过的知识，先确定空 格处所需词语的意义，再根据空格在句子中的位置，判断其在句中充当的成分，从 而确定所填词的词性，再依据词语搭配和语法规则，判断所填词的正确形式。如短 文难度较大，尤其是难于选词时，从本句的前后观察中一时尚不得要领，就要进一 步扩大到上下文中分析。
3. 三读短文，上下参照，验证答案在短文的空白处分别填上一个词后，将完成的短文再细读一遍，上下参照，连贯思 考。可从上下文内容是否协调一致、顺理成章，语法结构是否正确无误等方面进行 综合验证，凡有疑问必须重新推敲考虑。
如：[天津中考]根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词，使短文意思完整。每 空限填一词。The villagers in Mhangeni，Africa，faced a very big challenge （挑战）.They didn’t have a schl fr their kids.Then the village elder thught f an 76. i . He said that there was an ld， abandned（废弃的）farmhuse.It culd be changed int classrms after cleaning and furnishing（装设备）it. All the villagers were 77. p with his suggestin and started the prject immediately.
解析：76. idea[句意：后来，村子里的长者想到了一个主意。根据空前的an可知此处应填入 一个名词。idea意为“主意”，符合语境。]77. pleased [句意：所有的村民都对他的建议满意，并立即开始了这项工程。pleased 意为“满意的”。be pleased with“对……满意”。故填pleased。]
【2023·广东】请从方框内选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空， 使文章完整连贯。 注意每空一词， 每词仅用一次， 有两词为多余项。请将答案写在答题卡对应题目 的答题位置上。
it either be because what elseby invent clean ppular habit hundred
There is a small thing we use every day. We usually put 66 in the bathrm. Withut it， we might have tth prblems. Can yu guess 67 it is？ Yes， it’s the tthbrush. But d yu knw anything abut its histry？
Accrding t sme research， befre tthbrushes appeared， the ancient Chinese peple 68 their teeth with sme small tree branches （树枝）. Abut 800 years ag， peple made a kind f brushes with pig hair and bamb. It might 69 the wrld’s earliest frm f tthbrushes. As time went 70 ， the frms f tthbrushes changed. Fr example， peple chse hrse-tail hair instead f pig hair 71 pig hair was t hard. Imagine that yu travel back t 72 f years ag and brush yur teeth cmfrtably. It sunds fantastic， desn’t it？
Arund the 15th century， the Chinese tthbrush fund its way int Eurpe. It became 73 amng lcal peple sn. The 74 f tthbrushes was nt as famus as that f paper-making， but it was very useful in daily life. Tday we have a gd 75 f brushing teeth. We shuld thank the ancient Chinese fr it.
66. 句意：我们通常把它放在浴室里。指代前文“a small thing”， 需用代词it。 故填it。
67. 句意：你能猜出它是什么吗？根据“Can yu guess... it is？”可知，是询问猜出 它是什么。what“什么”。故填what。68. 句意：根据一些研究， 在牙刷出现之前， 中国古人用一些小树枝清洁牙齿。根 据“befre tthbrushes appeared， the ancient Chinese peple... their teeth...”可知， 没有牙刷， 古人会用树枝清洁牙齿。clean the teeth表示“清理牙齿”；句子是一般 过去时， 动词需用过去式。故填cleaned。69. 句意：这可能是世界上最早的牙刷。此处是系表结构， 情态动词might后跟be动 词原形。故填be。
70. 句意：随着时间的推移， 牙刷的形状也发生了变化。As time ges by“随着 时间的流逝”。故填by。
71. 句意：例如， 人们选择马尾毛而不是猪毛， 因为猪毛太硬了。前后句之间是因 果关系， 前果后因， 用because表示“因为”。故填because。72. 句意：想象一下， 你回到几百年前， 舒舒服服地刷牙。根据“Abut 800 years ag”可知，此处是hundreds f短语， 表示“数以百计的”。故填hundreds。73. 句意：它开始在当地人之间流行起来。根据“It became... amng lcal peple sn.”可知，空处需填入形容词作表语， ppular“受欢迎的”符合语境。故填 ppular。
74. 句意：牙刷的发明不像造纸术那样出名， 但在日常生活中非常有用。根据 “The... f tthbrushes”可知，是指牙刷的发明。inventin“发明”。故填 inventin。75. 句意：今天我们养成了刷牙的好习惯。根据“Tday we have a gd... f brushing teeth.”可知，刷牙是好习惯。have a gd habit f“有一个……好习惯”。故填 habit。 66. it 67. what 68. cleaned 69. be 70. by 71. because 72. hundreds
73. ppular74. inventin75. habit
【2020·广东】短文填空请用适当的词完成下面的短文，并把所缺单词填写在答题卡指定的位置上。每个空 只能填写一个形式正确、意义相符的单词。 Jane is a warm-hearted girl. She is nly ten years ld， 11 she has big ideas f helping ther kids. Jane tk part in a winter camp 12 the age f eight. During her stay in the camp， she went t visit sme kids in pr areas. She felt sad that the kids there didn’t have new clthes t 13 and tys t play with. After she returned hme， she kept thinking abut 14 t d t help thse kids.
One mrning Jane saw sme elder kids selling lemn juice by the street. They wanted t raise 15 t help their friends. Then she came up with an 16 . With the help f her mther， Jane 17 up her first lemnade stand （摊档）. In a week， it made 52 dllars Althugh it was nly a 18 mney， she helped 12 kids with it！ She felt very excited when she saws smiles n 19 faces. After that， her mther helped her start a prgram called Jane’s Lemnade fr Lve. Up till nw， she has already raised 20 than 17，000 dllars！ She is ging t spend the mney n clthes， tys and bks fr the pr kids. 11. but 12. at 13. wear 14. what 15. mney 16. idea 17. set
18. little19. their20. mre
【2021·广东】短文填空请阅读下面这篇文章，在所给的每个空格中填入一个形式正确、意义相符的单词， 并将答案写在答题卡上对应题目的答题位置。 Many freigners mve t China because f a strng interest in its culture. One man has turned his interest int lve and this lve made 71 write many bks abut China. He is William， an American wh has lived in China 72 33 years， his Chinese name is Pan Weilian. His Chinese friends 73 him “La Pan”.
In 1988， La Pan first came t China and 74 as a teacher at a university. But La Pan did nt begin t understand China 75 he and his family tk a 3-mnth drive arund the cunty. These experiences in China gave him ideas fr his bks. Since then， he has 76 thirteen bks abut China. These bks give the wrld a fuller picture f China and La Pan is 77 f what he is ding. La Pan’s new bk includes his frty-seven 78 t his family back in America. The letters shw China’s develpment in different perids. La pan ften says he lves China 79 its peple s much. He sees it as a life-lng task t let mre westerners knw 80 China is like. He will cntinue telling the natin’s stries t the wrld. 71. him 72. fr 73. call 74. wrked 75. until 76. written 77. prud
78. letters79. and80. what
【2022·广东】短文填空 请阅读下面短文，在所给的每个空格中填入一个形式正确、意义相符的单词。 Wuld yu like t start yur day with a cup f tea？ If the answer is 66 ， yu may have the same habit as many peple. Yu may nt knw 67 ppular tea is. Amng all kinds f drinks， tea is ne f the tw chices. Peple like it because it is 68 fr their health. Tea is mstly prduced 69 Asian cuntries like China and India. Chinese peple started t drink tea as early as 5，000 years 70 . At that time， peple made tea in a simple way and just put fresh tea leaves int ht 71 .
Tea wasn’t intrduced int Eurpe until the early 17th century. And nw it has 72 ppular in Eurpe and America. Peple there like t 73 tea with sugar r milk in it. As the ppulatin f tea drinkers gets larger， tea bu sin ess is getting 74 imprtant than befre. The first Internatinal Tea Day was n May 21st， 2020. Since then， peple have celebrated 75 every year. The Day makes peple realize the imprtance f tea wrkers and… 66. yes 67. hw 68. gd 69. in 70. ag 71. water 72. becme
73. drink74. mre75. it
（一）【2023·苏州改编】短文填空。
always interest frm they needhwever set a sck raise at gd
Jhn Crnin was brn with Dwn Syndrme （唐氏综合征）， s he has mre difficulty in learning. 1. ， this has never stpped him frm achieving great success in the bu sin ess wrld.
After graduating frm senir high schl， Jhn didn’t g t cllege like mst yung peple. Instead， he gt int bu sin ess.
2. first， Jhn thught abut starting a fd truck with his father Mark Crnin， but neither he nr his father culd ck. Jhn has been 3. in scks frm a very yung age. S after sme thinking， they decided t sell 4. . Mark said that Jhn was 5. creative by and that he had always lved clrful and wild scks. S they 6. up Jhn’s Crazy Scks Cmpany. The father and the sn have dne different jbs. Jhn wrks n sck design， while Mark manages mney and wrkers.
interested
The scks have sld very 7. sin ce they were put n the market. While making crazy mney， the tw haven’t frgtten t help peple in 8. . They have created 35 jbs fr peple with disabilities and have 9. ver 135，000 dllars fr charities （慈善团体）. They try 10. best t make sck shpping special. S they ffer dr-t-dr delivery （送货） t custmers in the neighbrhd. And fr thse wh live farther， Jhn sends a persnal nte with each rder. They want t send happiness and make custmers happy.
二、【2023·安徽改编】短文填空。
he pl happy hw hear the hspital in prud n but call
The past autumn was really unfrgettable fr me.
I was at the neighbrhd pl party 1. a Friday afternn. My friend and I saw smene at the bttm f the 2. . We thught it was ne f ur friends playing， but we quickly realized it was a little by wh didn’t knw 3. t swim. I knew smething was wrng right away.
We lked arund， 4. the adults were talking far away in the backyard and there was n time t spare. I jumped int the pl， dived （潜水）underwater， and came clse t 5. little by. I swam as hard as I culd and pulled him nt a step in the pl. As sn as I gt 6. ut f the water， my friend and I started shuting fr help.
Once the adults 7. us， they ran ver. The little by wasn’t breathing （呼 吸）. Our neighbrs did CPR （心肺复苏）and smene else 8. 911. Sn the dctrs came and tk the little by t the 9. . Luckily the little by was ding great. I was wrried that I wuldn’t be able t get him ut f the water quickly enugh， but I did. My parents were s 10. f me and said， “Ww， yu saved that little by.” Peple tld me I was a her， but what else culd I have dne？ He needed help and I knew what t d.
三、【2023·福建改编】短文填空。
she the student ticket back happen leave t abut that get what
Mr. and Mrs. Smith were guitar teachers at a university. The cuple were s gd at teaching the guitar 1. their students lved them a lt and did well in the subject.
Hwever， Mrs. Smith fund that 2. memry was getting wrse and wrse. Smetimes she frgt 3. she had dne just minutes ag r what she planned t d. Such things 4. many times and usually put her t truble and f curse in a bad md. Her husband wrried a lt 5. her and decided t take her t a famus dctr wh lived in Lndn.
S Mrs. Smith bught tw 6. t Lndn. When they 7. t the airprt， the fficial there asked them t shw their tickets. But after lking fr 8. tickets fr a lng time， they culdn’t find them. Mrs. Smith thught again and again. Then she said， “I’m really srry. Maybe I 9. the tickets at hme. We’ll have t g 10. hme t get them.” Finally， when they returned t their huse， Mrs. Smith fund that she had left the keys in the huse.
四、【2023·成都改编】短文填空。
win difference as exciting such befre and it hw ag area part
Ye Ping is a wman frm Yunnan Prvince. She led the villagers t grw cffee twelve years 1. .
In 2011， Ye Ping started grwing Yunnan cffee 2. named it Tianyu. During the first 8 years， Ye never drank cffee herself. In rder t imprve the quality f Yunnan cffee， she started t learn abut 3. kinds f cffee and tried t cultivate （培育） Yunnan cffee further. She did s well that she even 4. first prize in a cmpetitin.
In 2018， Ye tk 5. in a training prgram. After the curse， she learned 6. t taste different kinds f cffee. In May 2021， Ye’s cffee was sent t the United Natins 7. a gift.With the develpment f planting technlgies and gd lcal cffee， her cmpany sells its cffee t many famus cffee shps 8. as Starbucks and Manner Cffee. There are mre than 200 farmers in her cmpany and the planting 9. is ver 134 hectares （公顷）. “My dream is t let the wrld knw that China has made10. wn gd cffee，” she said.
五、【2023·昆明改编】短文填空。
wake the grw sin ce say wnder sheby later surprise when knck
A mther and her daughter lived in a village. Every night， 1. mther wuld lck the dr with three lcks， because she was afraid that a thief might cme in.
As time went 2. ， the daughter became tired f her bring life there， and dreamed t g t the city t see the utside wrld. She als wanted t make much mney utside. One day， she left hme withut 3. gdbye t her mther. “Frget me， Mm，” she thught.
But the utside wrld wasn’t as 4. as she thught. She lived a hard life in the city. Ten years 5. ， she came back hme with a tired bdy and mind. When she gt hme， it was dark. She 6. at the dr， but nbdy answered. T her 7. ， she fund that the dr was unlcked. She came in and saw her mther lying in bed， sleeping. Tears ran dwn 8. face. Hearing the cry f her daughter， the mther 9. up. They hugged and cried. After a while， the daughter asked， “Mm， why didn’t yu lck the dr tday？” Her mther answered， “I haven’t lcked the dr 10. yu left. I was afraid yu wuldn’t be able t get in when yu came back.”
六、【2023·绍兴改编】短文填空。
t thugh a anther r busy gdrealize she wh cmpete give
Alice was brn in a pr sin gle-parent family. She was 1. 8-year-ld girl. There was nthing valuable in her huse except an ld pian.
Alice lived with her mther， a wman 2. was a pian teacher. In the daytime， her mther was s 3. that she culdn’t take care f her. S Alice had t stay at hme alne. She usually learned t play the pian hard by 4. . Smetimes she wanted t make friends with thers， but n ne wuld like t play with her. What’s wrse， they usually laughed at her. 5. they usually treated her badly， Alice never felt sad. Instead， she always encuraged herself， “I believe I’ll 6. my dream ne day. If I succeed， they wn’t laugh at me anymre.”
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