2024年陕西省高考英语质检试卷（一）（含详细答案解析）

这是一份2024年陕西省高考英语质检试卷（一）（含详细答案解析），共21页。试卷主要包含了阅读理解，阅读七选五，完形填空，语法填空，短文改错，书面表达等内容，欢迎下载使用。

一、阅读理解：本大题共15小题，共30分。
A
Ding exercise regularly nt nly helps yu keep slim，but als imprves yur verall health and well-being.Different exercises prduce different results，as they cncentrate n alternate parts f the bdy.There are fur brad exercise categries：endurance，strength，flexibility，and balance.Many peple ften nly fcus n ne exercise type，but including all fur in yur wrkut will prduce better results and reduce yur risk f injury.
Endurance
Endurance exercises bst yur breathing and heart rate.By ding endurance exercises，yu are wrking t keep yur heart，lungs，and bld-flw system healthy while imprving yur ttal fitness.Over time these activities will make daily activities seem easier.
Strength
If yu want t build up yur muscles，then strength exercises，which are als knwn as "resistance training"，are right fr yu.Even the slightest increase in strength can make a huge difference in yur ability t carry ut daily tasks.Develping strng muscles als reduces yur risk f weak bnes.
Flexibility
Flexibility exercises help stretch yur bdy's muscles.This allws fr mre freedm f mvement fr ther exercises and can als imprve yur range f mtin，psture，ability t breathe deeply，and bld flw.Als，it reduces the muscle tensin caused by stress.
Balance
Balance exercises help prevent falls and are especially imprtant t lder adults，helping them stay independent.Mst gd balance exercises are nes that keep yu cnstantly mving with yur feet n the grund.Heel-t-te walking and standing n ne ft are simple ways t imprve balance.
1.Hw can a persn benefit mst frm their exercise rutine？ ______
A. By cmbining different exercise types tgether.
B. By having sufficient rest between their wrkuts
C. By cncentrating n ne training aspect at a time.
D. By increasing the frequency f their training gradually.
2.If yu want t reduce the risk f yur weak bnes，hw can yu achieve it？ ______
A. By ding endurance exercises.
B. By develping strng muscles.
C. By mving with yur feet cnstantly.
D. By taking deep breath frequently.
3.Which exercise types are mst useful t imprve a persn's breathing functin？ ______
A. Strength and Balance.B. Flexibility and Balance.
C. Endurance and Strength.D. Endurance and Flexibility.
B
Why are s many peple crazy abut travel？Yur best friends，yur cusin，and yur parents are all ut and abut traveling the wrld.D yu wnder why？Why are s many peple ging thrugh the pain f airprt security，crwded airlines，taxis，buses，and dirty clthes in suitcases？
We ften get questins asking us why peple travel.Hnestly，fr the majrity f peple，it is nt charming.Nt everyne gets t travel first class t 5-star htels in tp cities.We nce saved a lt f mney t spend at the Htel Pulitzer Amsterdam，but we can't d it all the time.Hwever，why d many peple chse t travel？
Think abut it this way：when yu were a kid grwing up，yu were excited every time yu gt a new ty.Yu prbably played with that ty fr hurs until a new ty came alng.That's hw peple becme addicted t traveling.Every time a persn travels，it is like getting a new ty.A new city brings new peple，language，culture，stres，fd，streets，and transprtatin.All f these aspects f a city （r twn） are exciting in their wn way.
Yu never knw what's arund the crner until yu lk.And，traveling is a cnstant challenge.When yu're thrwn int a new culture，it challenges yu in different ways.Travel has the unique ability t take yu ut f yur cmfrt zne and thrw yu int smething cmpletely new.This challenge frces yu t try new things and experience new ways f life.
Sme peple travel t expand their view f the wrld.Others travel t grw as peple and challenge themselves.Mst peple travel because they can bring hme their experiences and incrprate （融入） them int their everyday life.Try it ut fr yurself —yu might just be-cme addicted t travel t.
4.Why are questins mentined in the first paragraph？ ______
A. T give advice abut saving mney n traveling.
B. T stress the ppularity f traveling.
C. T intrduce the tpic f traveling.
D. T shw the cnvenience f traveling by vehicles.
5.What d travel enthusiasts and children have in cmmn？ ______
A. They can adapt t new life quickly.
B. They are curius abut new things.
C. They want t challenge themselves.
D. They are eager t acquire knwledge.
6.What is paragraph 4 mainly abut？ ______
A. The special charm f traveling.
B. The benefits f living in a new culture.
C. The imprtance f experiencing different lives.
D. The ways f stepping ut f ne's cmfrt zne.
7.What des the authr suggest？ ______
A. Traveling as frequently as pssible.
B. Experiencing the jy f traveling persnally.
C. Making a detailed plan befre traveling.
D. Cllecting tips fr traveling nline befre departing.
C
Peple wh have truble walking r mving arund ften have a hard time enjying the beach.But hundreds f beaches in Greece nw ffer a new way fr peple in wheelchairs t get int the water by themselves.It's called Seatrac.
Seatrac is basically a chair n a mving ramp （活动梯） that can smthly carry a disabled persn int the sea.Once in the sea，the persn can either remain in the chair，enjying the water，r g fr a swim.The chair is perated by remte cntrl.When the persn is ready t get ut f the water，the Seatrac system brings the chair back t the tp f the ramp.It's even pssible t take a shwer in the Seatrac chair after ging fr a swim.
Seatrac was invented and develped in Greece.The idea fr it came when ne f the inventrs，Ignatis Ftiu，was talking with a friend wh used a wheelchair.The friend said he enjyed the sea，but didn't like having t be carried int the cean as if he were a "sack f ptates" realized that there must be a way t make it easier fr wheelchair users t enjy the water.He wrked with his partner and a prfessr at a Greek university t design the system.In time，they frmed a cmpany called TOBEA t build and sell the systems.
The cmpany wrked hard t make the system simple t put in place and easy t run.A wden walkway allws wheelchair users t reach the Seatrac.The system is slar pwered and can cntinue t run even if the electricity ges ut.The Scatrac system can easily be packed up and stred when swimming seasn ends.
This summer，the Seatrac system is being used at ver 220 beaches in Greece，Cyprus，Italy，and Latvia.Thanks t Seatrac，peple wh use wheelchairs nw have the chance t cl dwn with a dip in the sea.
8.Which f the fllwing can best describe Scatrac？ ______
A. Practical and user-friendly.B. Autmatic and life-saving.
C. Flexible and energy-efficient.D. Stylish and smth-running.
9.Why did Mr.Ftiu design Seatrac？ ______
A. He desired t make a prfit frm it.
B. He lnged t frm a wheelchair cmpany.
C. He wanted t help his friend have fun in the sea.
D. He hped t save his friend frm thers' ridiculing.
10.What is paragraph 4 mainly abut？ ______
A. The advantages f the Seatrac system.
B. The success f the TOBEA cmpany.
C. The effrts f the TOBEA cmpany.
D. The applicatin f the Seatrac system.
11.What is the main purpse f the passage？ ______
A. T encurage care fr disabled peple.
B. T explain the principle f the Seatrac system.
C. T prvide strategies fr building a wheelchair.
D. T intrduce a new inventin fr wheelchair users.
D
Taking gd care f yur teeth may be linked t better brain health，accrding t a study published in the July 5，2023，nline issue f Neurlgy. "Our study fund that gum （牙龈） disease and tth lss were linked t brain shrinkage （萎缩） in the hippcampus （海马体），which plays a rle in memry and Alzheimer's disease （阿尔兹海默病），" said study authr Satshi Yamaguchi， Thku University in Sendai，Japan.
The study invlved 172 peple withut memry prblems.Their average age was 67.Participants had dental exams and tk memry tests at the beginning f the study.They als had brain scans t measure the vlume f their hippcampus at the beginning f the study.This was measured again fur years later.Fr each participant，researchers cunted the number f teeth and checked fr amunt f gum disease.
Researchers fund that the number f teeth and amunt f gum disease was linked t changes in the left hippcampus f the brain.Fr peple with mild gum disease，having fewer teeth was assciated with a faster rate f brain shrinkage，which is the same fr peple with severe gum disease having mre teeth.After adjusting fr age，researchers fund that fr peple with mild gum disease，the increase in the rate f brain shrinkage due t ne less tth was equal t nearly ne year f brain aging.By cntrast，fr peple with severe gum disease the increase in brain shrinkage due t ne mre tth was equal t 1.3 years f brain aging.
"These results highlight the imprtance f preserving the health f the teeth and nt just maintaining the teeth，" Yamaguchi said. "The findings suggest that cntrlling the prgressin f gum disease thrugh regular dental visits is crucial，and that teeth with severe gum disease may need t be remved and replaced with apprpriate false nes."
Yamaguchi said future studies are needed with larger grups f peple.The limitatin f the study is that it was cnducted in ne regin f Japan，s the results may nt be applied t ther lcatins.
12.What is Yamaguchi's study mainly abut？ ______
A. Causes f gum disease.
B. The symptms f brain shrinkage.
C. Ways t take gd care f ne's teeth.
D. The cnnectin between the teeth and the brain.
13.Hw did researchers reach the cnclusin？ ______
A. By making cmparisns.
B. By referring t previus studies.
C. By cnducting a survey amng dentists.
D. By prving experts' thery in experiments.
14.What d the research findings indicate？ ______
A. Gum disease is increasing amng peple.
B. Keeping teeth healthy is f great imprtance.
C. Remving natural teeth is bad fr dental health.
D. Ding a rutine dental checkup can avid gum disease.
15.What is expected f the future studies accrding t Yamaguchi？ ______
A. Explring treatments fr gum disease.
B. Seeking new methds t imprve brain health.
C. Invlving peple frm ther places in the research.
D. Applying the research t relieve Alzheimer's disease.
二、阅读七选五：本大题共5小题，共10分。
Hw t Bst Yur Memry
The brain might be the place where memries are stred，and its memry capacity can be enlarged. （1） ______ Taking steps t imprve yur lifestyle in the fllwing fur areas will help keep yur mind sharp.
●（ 2） ______ Exercise helps with the activity f brain cells and als helps reduce the risk f brain diseases.It als helps brain cells repair themselves and their cnnectins t ther brain cells.Memry can imprve in bth brain-healthy lder adults and with mild brain disrder after a 12-week exercise prgram.
● Getting sugar frm fruits and vegetables instead f prducts with added sugars is healthier fr bdy and brain.T much sugar restricts bld flw t the brain and can even cause brain illness.The real brain fds are thse called the mind diet. （3） ______
● Sleep is critical fr memry frmatin，especially lng-term memry frmatin.That's because when yu're asleep，the brain，runs the tape f what it recrded during the day，gets rid f infrmatin that isn't relevant and then stres ther infrmatin fr the lng term. （4） ______ The mre yu can keep a regular sleep schedule，the better ff yur brain and the rest f yu will be.
● Challenging yur brain is f great benefit，t.Maybe yu're a crazy bridge player，a crsswrd puzzle lver r a regular lecturer. （5） ______ T get the mst memry bst ut f puzzles r intellectual activities，the key is t keep things fresh and challenging.New and challenging activities help frm new pathways in the brain.
A.Exercise can build yur bdy and imprve yur wrking efficiency.
B.Many lifestyle factrs can have a psitive effect n prmting yur memry.
C.That's why peple diagnsed with sleep disrders are at higher risk f memry decline.
D.Regular physical activities prtect memry and thinking skills.
E.All the mentally engaging activities can help keep ur minds active.
F.It emphasizes brain healthy intake f nutrients instead f high calries r sugars.
G.Lng-term memry is essential fr students wh need t master large amunts f knwledge.
16.A. AB. BC. CD. DE. EF. FG. G
17.A. AB. BC. CD. DE. EF. FG. G
18.A. AB. BC. CD. DE. EF. FG. G
19.A. AB. BC. CD. DE. EF. FG. G
20.A. AB. BC. CD. DE. EF. FG. G
三、完形填空：本大题共20小题，共30分。
Have yu ever heard smene say that he can't see the frest fr the trees？If s，yu may have （1） ______ what this curius phrase means.If yu can see the trees，hw is the frest nt （2） ______ ，t？
This ppular phrase accurately describes situatins in which peple smetimes get s invlved in the （3） ______ that they lse sight f the big picture. （4） ______ ，yu're paying s much attentin t the trees that yu frget that the trees are just part f a （5） ______ frest.
This is a prblem we all （6） ______ frm time t time.When bserving ur wrld，it's easy t fcus n the interesting details but （7） ______ larger cncepts.Fr （8） ______ ，it's imprtant t be able t fcus n bth the frest and the trees，thugh.
Since the （9） ______ f scientific inquiry thusands f years ag，bservatins have been （10） ______ .The first scientists used their （11） ______ t see，hear，smell，feel，and taste the wrld arund them.Thrugh these （12） ______ ，they learned abut their wrld and began t search fr answers t the questins that （13） ______ arse.
Tday scientists （14） ______ rely upn their five senses t make bservatins.Hwever，they als take advantages f mdern （15） ______ t make bservatins with a wide variety f tls.These enable them t "see" the wrld in ways beynd what their five senses （16） ______ .
Frm satellite telescpes atmic micrscpes，（ 17） ______ scientists use these tls t bserve the wrld in ways never （18） ______ by early scientists.Sme f these tls allw them t （19） ______ small details while thers help them t see the big （20） ______ .
21.A. wnderedB. agreedC. believedD. described
22.A. acceptableB. visibleC. respnsibleD. pssible
23.A. reasnsB. prblemsC. detailsD. results
24.A. In returnB. In cntrastC. In the meantimeD. In ther wrds
25.A. darkerB. largerC. smallerD. greener
26.A. seek utB. pass byC. agree nD. meet with
27.A. catchB. cmprehendC. ignreD. misuse
28.A. scientistsB. farmersC. prfessrsD. leaders
29.A. beginningB. separatinC. recveryD. remval
30.A. frgttenB. significantC. impssibleD. ppular
31.A. experiencesB. abilitiesC. envirnmentsD. senses
32.A. errrsB. giftsC. bservatinsD. inventins
33.A. luckilyB. naturallyC. exactlyD. ccasinally
34.A. evenB. yetC. neverD. still
35.A. technlgiesB. theriesC. discveriesD. effrts
36.A. releaseB. preferC. allwD. enjy
37.A. famusB. yungC. ppularD. mdern
38.A. imaginedB. suggestedC. rememberedD. cnvinced
39.A. createB. studyC. cpyD. chse
40.A. causeB. changeC. pictureD. achievement
四、语法填空：本大题共1小题，共15分。
41.阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
On Sept 7，famus Chinese archaelgist （考古学家） Fan Jinshi，85，（1） ______ （award） by UNESCO fr her cntributin（2） ______ the prtectin f the Mga Caves in Dunhuang.
（ 3） ______ （call） the "daughter f Dunhuang"，she started her stry with the cave 60 years ag.In 1963，Fan，then a 25-year-ld Peking University graduate，had the chance（4） ______ （wrk） at the Mga Caves，a place she had wanted t explre fr a lng time.Back in thse days，the Mga Caves were almst（5） ______ （cmplete） cut ff frm the wrld.Fan and her cwrkers stayed inside the caves t d research，cpy murals （壁画），and d （6） ______ they culd t prtect and restre them. （7） ______ time passed，Fan fund a serius prblem.（8） ______ number f turists visiting Dunhuang was increasing，which might harm the caves，（9） ______ （cause） the murals inside t fade.In the late 1980s，Fan stumbled upn cmputer technlgy by chance.She realized that this might preserve the Mga Caves frever.
After ver 30 years f （10） ______ （explre），the Dunhuang Academy built a digital database t prtect cultural relics there，allwing Dunhuang's art t live frever and t step ut f the caves t meet the wrld.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
五、短文改错：本大题共1小题，共10分。
42.假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文．文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处，每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改．
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词．
删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉．
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词．
注意：1．每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2．只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分．
I'll never frget the stry which happen n a bus the ther day．It was a wind day．I gt n the bus after schl．A yung lady was standing next t me．In a flash，a strng wind blew thrugh the windw．A lady's false hair was blwn away．T ur surprises，she was hairless．While she was wndering what t d it，many passengers laughed ludly．S she managed t hld back her tears．Saw this，I picked up her false hair and said，"Dn't sad，Miss．I'm sure yur hair will grw sn．"When I glanced t ther passengers，they all quick ndded their heads with shame．
六、书面表达：本大题共1小题，共25分。
43.假定你是李华，你的笔友王强最近沉迷于电脑游戏，这给他带来很多危害。请你给他写一封书信，劝说他戒掉这个不良习惯，并提出建议，内容包括：
（1）浪费了学习的时间；
（2）对身心健康造成危害；
（3）你的建议。
注意：
（1）词数80左右；
（2）可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
（3）请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear Wang Qiang，

Yurs， Li Hua
答案和解析
1~3.【答案】A、B、D
【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据第一段中的There are fur brad exercise categries：endurance，strength，flexibility，and balance.Many peple ften nly fcus n ne exercise type，but including all fur in yur wrkut will prduce better results and reduce yur risk f injury（有四大类运动：耐力、力量、柔韧性和平衡。许多人通常只专注于一种锻炼类型，但将这四种运动都纳入你的锻炼中会产生更好的效果，并降低你受伤的风险）可知，通过将不同的运动类型组合在一起，可以让一个人从日常锻炼中受益最大。故选A。
（2）细节理解题。根据Strength下面的Develping strng muscles als reduces yur risk f weak bnes（发展强健的肌肉也可以降低骨骼脆弱的风险）可知，如果你想要降低骨骼脆弱的风险，你可以发展强健的肌肉。故选B。
（3）细节理解题。根据Endurance下面的Endurance exercises bst yur breathing and heart rate（耐力训练可以改善你的呼吸和心率）和Flexibility下面的This allws fr mre freedm f mvement fr ther exercises and can als imprve yur range f mtin，psture，ability t breathe deeply，and bld flw（这为其他锻炼提供了更多的运动自由度，还可以改善你的运动范围、姿势、深呼吸能力和血液流动）可知，耐力训练和柔韧性训练对改善呼吸功能最有用。故选D。
本文是一篇应用文，主要介绍了四种锻炼类型，将这四种锻炼方式都纳入锻炼中可以产生更好的效果并减少受伤风险。
做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。
4~7.【答案】C、B、A、B
【解析】（1）推理判断题。根据第一段Why are s many peple crazy abut travel？Yur best friends，yur cusin，and yur parents are all ut and abut traveling the wrld.D yu wnder why？Why are s many peple ging thrugh the pain f airprt security，crwded airlines，taxis，buses，and dirty clthes in suitcases？（为什么这么多人热衷于旅游？你最好的朋友，你的表弟，你的父母都出去周游世界了。你想知道为什么吗？为什么这么多人要经历机场安检、拥挤的航空公司、出租车、公交车和行李箱里脏衣服的痛苦？）可推知，第一段的问题主要是为了引出旅行的话题。故选C。
（2）推理判断题。根据第三段Think abut it this way：when yu were a kid grwing up，yu were excited every time yu gt a new ty.Yu prbably played with that ty fr hurs until a new ty came alng.That's hw peple becme addicted t traveling.（这样想：当你还是个孩子的时候，你每次得到一个新玩具都很兴奋。在新玩具出现之前，你可能会玩上几个小时。这就是人们对旅行上瘾的原因）可知，旅行爱好者和孩子的相同之处是：他们都对新事物充满了好奇。故选B。
（3）段落大意题。根据第四段Yu never knw what's arund the crner until yu lk.And，traveling is a cnstant challenge.When yu're thrwn int a new culture，it challenges yu in different ways.Travel has the unique ability t take yu ut f yur cmfrt zne and thrw yu int smething cmpletely new.This challenge frces yu t try new things and experience new ways f life.（你永远不知道拐角处会有什么，除非你去看。而且，旅行是一个持续的挑战。当你进入一种新的文化时，它会以不同的方式挑战你。旅行有一种独特的能力，它能把你带出舒适区，把你扔进一些全新的东西。这种挑战迫使你尝试新事物，体验新的生活方式）可知，该段主要介绍了旅行的独特魅力。故选A。
（4）推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句Try it ut fr yurself —yu might just be-cme addicted t travel t.（自己试试吧——你可能也会对旅行上瘾）可知，作者建议人们亲自试试，说不定也会喜欢上旅行。因此B．Experiencing the jy f traveling persnally.（体验个人旅行的快乐。）符合题意。故选B。
这是一篇说明文。文章主要分析了人们喜爱旅行的原因以及旅行的魅力所在。
一、速读全文，了解大意知主题。
阅读能力一般指阅读速度和理解能力两个方面。阅读速度是阅读最基本的能力，考生必须在十分有限的时间内运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速阅读，搜寻关键词、主题句，捕捉时空、顺序、情节、人物、观点，并且理清文章脉络，把握语篇实质。
二、看题干，带着问题读文章。
首先要掌握问题的类型，客观信息题可以从文章中直接找到答案；而主观判断题考查的是对文章的感情基调等，这类题必须经过对作者的态度、意图以及对整篇文章进行深一层的推理等。其次，了解试题题干以及各个选项所包含的信息，然后有针对性地对文章进行扫读，对有关信息进行快速定位。此法加强了阅读的针对性，提高了做题的准确率。
三、逻辑推理，做好深层理解题。
在实际阅读中，有时作者并未把意图说出来，阅读者要根据字面意思，通过语篇逻辑关系，研究细节的暗示，推敲作者的态度，理解文章的寓义。要求读者对文字的表面信息进行分析、挖掘和逻辑推理，不能就事论事，以偏概全。推理题在提问中常用的词有：infer，imply，suggest，indicate等。
四、猜词悟义，扫除阅读拦路虎。
猜词是应用英语的重要能力。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。我们要学会"顺藤摸瓜"，通过构词，语法，定义，同位，对比，因果，常识，上下文等线索确定词义。
8~11.【答案】A、C、A、D
【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据第二段中的Seatrac is basically a chair n a mving ramp （活动梯） that can smthly carry a disabled persn int the sea.Once in the sea，the persn can either remain in the chair，enjying the water，r g fr a swim.The chair is perated by remte cntrl. （Seatrac基本上是活动梯上的一把椅子，可以平稳地将残疾人带入大海。一旦进入海中，这个人可以留在椅子上，享受水，或者去游泳。椅子由遥控器操作。）可知，Seatrac是实用且方便的，故选A。
（2）细节理解题。根据第三段中的The idea fr it came when ne f the inventrs，Ignatis Ftiu，was talking with a friend wh used a wheelchair.The friend said he enjyed the sea，but didn't like having t be carried int the cean as if he were a "sack f ptates". （发明者之一Ignatis Ftiu在与一位使用轮椅的朋友交谈时产生了这个想法。这位朋友说他喜欢大海，但不喜欢像"一袋土豆"一样被带进大海。）可知，Mr.Ftiu设计Seatrac是因为他想帮助他的朋友在海里玩得开心。故选C。
（3）段落大意题。根据第四段The cmpany wrked hard t make the system simple t put in place and easy t run.A wden walkway allws wheelchair users t reach the Seatrac.The system is slar pwered and can cntinue t run even if the electricity ges ut.The Scatrac system can easily be packed up and stred when swimming seasn ends. （该公司努力使该系统易于安装和运行。木制人行道允许轮椅使用者到达Seatrac。该系统由太阳能供电，即使停电也可以继续运行。Scatrac系统可以在游泳季节结束时轻松打包和存放。）可知，本段主要讲述了Scatrac系统的优势，故选A。
（4）目的意图题。通读全文，并结合第一段的But hundreds f beaches in Greece nw ffer a new way fr peple in wheelchairs t get int the water by themselves.It's called Seatrac.（但希腊数百个海滩现在为坐轮椅的人自己下水提供了一种新方式。它叫做Seatrac。）可知，整篇文章围绕着Seatrac系统展开，介绍了它的功能、设计理念、应用场景、制造公司等等。因此，文章的主要目的是介绍这个新的发明。因此D项T intrduce a new inventin fr wheelchair users（为轮椅使用者介绍一项新发明）符合题意，故选D。
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了希腊发明的一种名为Seatrac的系统，该系统能够帮助使用轮椅的人士更轻松地进入海水中享受游泳。文章介绍了Seatrac系统的原理和功能，系统的应用范围和优势。
考查说明文。做题时要通读全文，把握大意，然后结合题干及选项做出正确的选择。
12~15.【答案】D、A、B、C
【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据第一段Our study fund that gum （龈） disease and tth lss were linked t brain shrinkage （萎缩） in the hippcampus （海马体）， which plays a rle in memry and Alzheimer's disease（我们的研究发现，牙龈疾病和牙齿脱落与海马体的大脑萎缩有关，海马体在记忆和阿尔茨海默病中起着重要作用。）可知，Yamaguchi的研究主要是关于牙齿健康与大脑之间的联系。故选D。
（2）推理判断题。根据第三段Researchers fund that the number f teeth and amunt f gum disease was linked t changes in the left hippcampus f the brain.Fr peple with mild gum disease，having fewer teeth was assciated with a faster rate f brain shrinkage，which is the same fr peple with severe gum disease having mre teeth.After adjusting fr age，researchers fund that fr peple with mild gum disease，the increase in the rate f brain shrinkage due t ne less tth was equal t nearly ne year f brain aging.By cntrast，fr peple with severe gum disease the increase in brain shrinkage due t ne mre tth was equal t 1.3 years f brain aging.（研究人员发现，牙齿的数量和牙龈疾病的数量与大脑左侧海马体的变化有关。对于患有轻度牙龈疾病的人来说，牙齿较少与大脑萎缩速度更快有关，对于患有严重牙龈疾病的人来说，牙齿较多也是如此。在对年龄进行调整后，研究人员发现，对于患有轻度牙龈疾病的人来说，由于少了一颗牙齿而增加的大脑萎缩率相当于近一年的大脑衰老。相比之下，对于患有严重牙龈疾病的人来说，多一颗牙齿导致的大脑萎缩的增加相当于1.3年的大脑衰老。）可知，研究人员是通过作比较来得出结论的。故选A。
（3）细节理解题。根据第四段These results highlight the imprtance f preserving the health f the teeth and nt just maintaining the teeth（这些结果突出了保护牙齿健康的重要性，而不仅仅是维护牙齿）可知，研究结果表明保持牙齿健康非常重要。故选B。
（4）推理判断题。根据最后一段The limitatin f the study is that it was cnducted in ne regin f Japan，s the results may nt be applied t ther lcatins. （这项研究的局限性在于它是在日本的一个地区进行的，因此结果可能不适用于其他地区。）可知，目前的研究只局限于日本的一个地区，所以可以推测未来的研究希望会让其他地区的人参与进来。因此C项Invlving peple frm ther places in the research（让其他地方的人参与研究）符合题意，故选C。
本文是一篇说明文。根据发表在2023年7月5日《神经病学》在线期刊上的一项研究，好好照顾你的牙齿可能与更好的大脑健康有关。
考查说明文。做题时要通读全文，把握大意，然后结合题干及选项做出正确的选择。
16~20.【答案】B、D、F、C、E
【解析】（1）联系语境题。根据上文The brain might be the place where memries are stred，and its memry capacity can be enlarged.（大脑可能是存储记忆的地方，它的记忆容量可以扩大）以及后文Taking steps t imprve yur lifestyle in the fllwing fur areas will help keep yur mind sharp.（在以下四个方面采取措施改善你的生活方式将有助于保持你的思维敏捷）可知，本句主要承上启下，说明生活方式对大脑记忆力的影响。故B选项Many lifestyle factrs can have a psitive effect n prmting yur memry.（许多生活方式因素对提高记忆力有积极影响）符合语境，故选B。
（2）联系下文题。根据后文Exercise helps with the activity f brain cells and als helps reduce the risk f brain diseases.It als helps brain cells repair themselves and their cnnectins t ther brain cells.Memry can imprve in bth brain-healthy lder adults and with mild brain disrder after a 12-week exercise prgram.（锻炼有助于脑细胞的活动，也有助于降低患脑部疾病的风险。它还能帮助脑细胞修复自身以及与其他脑细胞的连接。经过12周的锻炼计划，大脑健康的老年人和轻度大脑紊乱的人的记忆力都能得到改善）可知，本段的主旨是锻炼对记忆力的影响。故D选项Regular physical activities prtect memry and thinking skills.（规律的体育活动可以保护记忆力和思维能力）符合语境，故选D。
（3）联系上文题。根据上文The real brain fds are thse called the mind diet.（真正的健脑食物是那些被称为"健脑饮食"的食物）可知，本句承接上文说明"健脑饮食"的特点：强调大脑健康的营养摄入，而不是高热量或糖。故F选项It emphasizes brain healthy intake f nutrients instead f high calries r sugars.（它强调大脑健康的营养摄入，而不是高热量或糖）符合语境。故选F。
（4）联系语境题。根据上文Sleep is critical fr memry frmatin，especially lng-term memry frmatin.That's because when yu're asleep，the brain，runs the tape f what it recrded during the day，gets rid f infrmatin that isn't relevant and then stres ther infrmatin fr the lng term.（睡眠对记忆的形成至关重要，尤其是长期记忆的形成。这是因为当你睡着的时候，大脑会回放白天录制的内容，去掉不相关的信息，然后长期存储其他信息）以及后文The mre yu can keep a regular sleep schedule，the better ff yur brain and the rest f yu will be.（你越能保持规律的睡眠时间表，你的大脑和你的其他部分就越好）可知，本句总结上文，指出睡眠对记忆力的影响。故C选项That's why peple diagnsed with sleep disrders are at higher risk f memry decline.（这就是为什么被诊断患有睡眠障碍的人记忆力下降的风险更高）符合语境，故选C。
（5）联系语境题。根据上文Challenging yur brain is f great benefit，t.Maybe yu're a crazy bridge player，a crsswrd puzzle lver r a regular lecturer.（挑战你的大脑也有很大的好处。也许你是一个疯狂的桥牌玩家，一个填字游戏爱好者，或者一个定期的讲师）以及后文T get the mst memry bst ut f puzzles r intellectual activities，the key is t keep things fresh and challenging.New and challenging activities help frm new pathways in the brain.（要想从谜题或智力活动中获得最大的记忆提升，关键是要保持事物的新鲜感和挑战性。新的和具有挑战性的活动有助于在大脑中形成新的通路）可知，本段的主旨是通过一些脑力活动来保持思维的活跃。故E选项All the mentally engaging activities can help keep ur minds active.（所有的脑力活动都能帮助我们保持思维活跃）符合语境，故选E。
这是一篇说明文。文章主要就如何提高你的记忆力提出了一些建议。
七选五阅读是完成性阅读，和完形填空很类似，不同的是一个选词，一个选句子。解题时，要注意上下文语境，充分考虑信息词（选项中和空格前后句子中相同或相近的词），选出最符合语境的句子。
21~40.【答案】A、B、C、D、B、D、C、A、A、B、D、C、B、D、A、C、D、A、B、C
【解析】（1）考查动词及语境理解。A.wndered想知道；B.agreed同意；C.believed相信；D.described描述。句意：如果你听到有人说他只见树木不见森林，你可能很想知道这个令人好奇的句子意味着什么。结合后文"what this curius phrase means"可知，此处指想知道这个句子意味着什么。故选A项。
（2）考查形容词及语境理解。A.acceptable可接受的；B.visible可看见的；C.respnsible负责的；D.pssible可能的。句意：如果你能看见树，怎么会看不见森林呢？根据前文"he can't see the frest fr the trees"可知，作者意在表明看见和看不见之间的逻辑关系。故选B项。
（3）考查名词及语境理解。A.reasns原因；B.prblems问题；C.details细节；D.results结果。句意：这个表述准确地描述了一种情景，人们有时会很在意细节以至于会看不见整体大局。根据后文"that they lse sight f the big picture"指在意细节以至于会看不见整体大局。故选C项。
（4）考查介词短语及语境理解。A.In return反过来；B.In cntrast相反地；C.In the meantime同时；D.In ther wrds换言之。句意：换句话说，你太关注树木了，以至于你忘记了树木只是更大森林的一部分。通过分析语境可知，此句是前句的进一步解释，存在递进关系，因此In ther wrds意为"换言之"切合题意。故选D项。
（5）考查形容词及语境理解。A.darker更黑暗的；B.larger更大的；C.smaller更小的；D.greener更绿的。句意：换句话说，你太关注树木了，以至于你忘记了树木只是更大森林的一部分。通过分析本段结构可知，此句与上句互为平行结构，因此也是小细节与大局的关系，即小与大之间的逻辑关系，即你忘记了树木只是更大森林的一部分。故选B项。
（6）考查动词短语及语境理解。A.seek ut寻求；B.pass by路过；C.agree n同意；D.meet with遇到。句意：这是我们反复会遇到的问题。根据上文"This is a prblem we all"可知，此处指遇到的问题，应用meet with"遇到"。故选D项。
（7）考查动词及语境理解。A.catch抓住；B.cmprehend理解；C.ignre忽视；D.misuse误用。句意：在观察我们的世界时，我们很容易关注有趣的细节，而忽略更大的概念。根据后文"it's imprtant t be able t fcus n bth the frest and the trees."可知此处表明我们应该细节与大局兼顾，然而我们很容易注重小细节而忽视整体大局。故选C项。
（8）考查名词及语境理解。A.scientists科学家；B.farmers农民；C.prfessrs教授；D.leaders领导人。句意：对于科学家来说，能够同时关注森林和树木是很重要的。根据下文"f scientific inquiry"可知，接下来讲述科学家的方面，C项scientists"科学家"符合语境。故选A项。
（9）考查名词及语境理解。A.beginning开始，开端；B.separatin分离；C.recvery恢复；D.remval移除。句意：自从几千年科学研究开始，观察力一直都很重要。联系下文"The first scientists used their senses t see，hear，smell，feel，and taste the wrld arund them."可知科学家门用感官去看、去听、去闻、去感受、去品尝他们周边的世界，故选A项。
（10）考查形容词及语境理解。A.frgtten遗忘的；B.significant重要的；C.impssible不可能的；D.ppular受欢迎的。句意：自从几千年科学研究开始，观察力一直都很重要。根据后文"t see，hear，smell，feel，and taste the wrld arund them"可知，观察力一直都很重要。故选B项。
（11）考查名词及语境理解。A.experiences经历；B.abilities能力；C.envirnments环境；D.senses感官。句意：科学家门用感官去看、去听、去闻、去感受、去品尝他们周边的世界。通过分析句子成分可知空后"see，hear，smell，feel，and taste"均为感官。故选D项。
（12）考查名词及语境理解。A.errrs错误；B.gifts礼物；C.bservatins观察；D.inventins发明。句意：通过观察，他们了解了周边的世界，并且开始寻找自然而然出现的问题答案。根据上文"Since the beginning f scientific inquiry thusands f years ag，bservatins have been"可知，科学家们要做的事情是观察。故选C项。
（13）考查副词及语境理解。A.luckily幸运地；B.naturally自然而然地；C.exactly恰好地；D.ccasinally偶然地。句意：通过观察，他们了解了周边的世界，并且开始寻找自然而然出现的问题答案。根据语境翻译可知，B项naturally"自然而然地"切合题意。故选B项。
（14）考查副词及语境理解。A.even甚至；B.yet还，至今；C.never从不；D.still仍然。句意：当今科学家们依赖于他们的五官做观察。根据后文"rely upn their five senses t make bservatins"指现在的科学家依然还依赖五官进行观察。故选D项。
（15）考查名词及语境理解。A.technlgies技术；B.theries理论；C.discveries发现；D.effrts努力。句意：然而，他们也充分利用现代技术运用广泛的工具进行观察。根据hwever前句可知科学家们除了用五官进行观察，也用现代技术手段。故选A项。
（16）考查动词及语境理解。A.release释放；B.prefer更喜欢；C.allw允许；D.enjy喜欢。句意：这些使他们能够以超出他们五种感官所允许的方式"看到"世界。根据前文可知五官给了科学家们得以观察世界的方式，通过现代技术，他们可以超越五官所允许的层面观察这个世界。故选C项。
（17）考查形容词及语境理解。A.famus著名的；B.yung年轻的；C.ppular流行的；D.mdern现代的。句意：从卫星望远镜到原子显微镜，现代科学家使用这些工具以早期科学家从未想象过的方式观察世界。根据上文"Tday scientists"可知，此处指现代科学家利用工具观察世界。故选D项。
（18）考查动词及语境理解。A.imagined想象；B.suggested建议；C.remembered记住；D.cnvinced信服。句意：从卫星望远镜到原子显微镜，现代科学家使用这些工具以早期科学家从未想象过的方式观察世界。根据上文Hwever，they als take advantages f mdern （15）t make bservatins with a wide variety f tls可知，这些工具是现代的，表明早期并不存在，因此早期科学家难以想象有这样的工具可以使用。故选A项。
（19）考查动词及语境理解。A.create创造；B.study研究；C.cpy复制；D.chse选择。句意：这些工具中有些可以允许他们研究小细节，而另外一些可以帮助他们看到宏观整体。根据后文"small details"可知，指通过工具去研究细节，B项study"研究"切合题意。故选B项。
（20）考查名词及语境理解。A.cause结果；B.change改变；C.picture图画，局面；D.achievement成就。句意：另外一些可以帮助他们看到宏观整体。根据第二段中"they lse sight f the big picture"可知，结合分析选项，C项"picture"为同词复现。故选C项。
这是一篇说明文。主要说明了"只顾细节不顾大局"这一表述的来源，从科学家做研究的角度综合分析了细节与大局的利弊关系，告诉我们注重细节的同时也要顾全大局。
完形填空考查学生综合运用语言的能力。做题时，要先通读全文，掌握大意，然后结合选项，仔细阅读文章，选择最适合语境的词，注意上下文的呼应和语境。
41.【答案】【小题1】was awarded
【小题2】t
【小题3】Called
【小题4】t wrk
【小题5】cmpletely
【小题6】whatever/what
【小题7】As
【小题8】The
【小题9】causing
【小题10】explratin
【解析】（1）考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：9月7日，联合国教科文组织授予85岁的中国著名考古学家樊进石荣誉称号，以表彰她为保护敦煌莫高窟所做的贡献。分析句子可知，主语与谓语构成被动关系，根据上文On Sept 7可知为一般现在时的被动语态，主语为famus Chinese archaelgist Fan Jinshi，谓语用单数。故填was awarded。
（2）考查介词。句意：9月7日，联合国教科文组织授予85岁的中国著名考古学家樊进石荣誉称号，以表彰她为保护敦煌莫高窟所做的贡献。分析句子可知，短语cntributin t表示"对……的贡献"。故填t。
（3）考查过去分词。句意：被称为"敦煌之女"的她，从60年前的洞穴开始了她的故事。分析句子可知，分析句子结构可知call与逻辑主语she构成被动关系，故用过去分词作状语。首字母大写。故填Called。
（4）考查动词不定式。句意：1963年，25岁的北京大学毕业生范有机会在莫高窟工作，这是她长期以来一直想去探索的地方。分析句子可知，抽象名词chance后跟不定式作后置定语。故填t wrk。
（5）考查副词。句意：那时候，莫高窟几乎与外界完全隔绝。分析句子可知，修饰动词短语cut ff应用副词cmpletely，故填cmpletely。
（6）考查宾语从句。句意：范和她的同事呆在洞穴里做研究，复制壁画，尽他们所能保护和修复它们。分析句子可知，引导宾语从句，从句缺少宾语，表示"无论什么"，指事情可用whatever或what。故填whatever/what。
（7）考查状语从句。句意：随着时间的流逝，范发现了一个严重的问题。分析句子可知，引导时间状语从句，表示"随着"应用as，首字母大写。故填As。
（8）考查定冠词。句意：参观敦煌的游客越来越多，这可能会损害洞穴，导致里面的壁画褪色。分析句子可知，此处表示"……的数量"应用the number f，谓语用单数。首字母大写。故填The。
（9）考查现在分词。句意：参观敦煌的游客越来越多，这可能会损害洞穴，导致里面的壁画褪色。分析句子可知，分析句子结构可知cause与上文句子构成主动关系，故用现在分词作结果状语。故填causing。
（10）考查不可数名词。句意：经过30多年的探索，敦煌研究院建立了一个数字数据库来保护那里的文物，让敦煌的艺术永世长存，走出洞穴，与世界相遇。分析句子可知，作介词的宾语，应用名词explratin，不可数。故填explratin。
本文是一篇新闻报道。9月7日，联合国教科文组织授予85岁的中国著名考古学家樊进石荣誉称号，以表彰她为保护敦煌莫高窟所做的贡献。
语法填空考查学生英语综合知识的运用，做题时要首先明确短文大意，从词汇和语法等方面综合考虑，结合上下文语境填写正确答案。
42.【答案】I'll never frget the stry which happen n a bus the ther day．It was a wind day．I gt n the bus after schl．A yung lady was standing next t me．In a flash，a strng wind blew thrugh the windw． A lady's false hair was blwn away．T ur surprises，she was hairless．While she was wndering what t dit，many passengers laughed ludly．S she managed t hld back her tears． Saw this，I picked up her false hair and said，"Dn't∧sad，Miss．I'm sure yur hair will grw sn．"When I glanced t ther passengers，they all quick ndded their heads with shame．
1．happen改为happened
2．wind改为windy
3．the改为a
4．windw改为Windws
5．A改为The
6．surprises改为surprise
7．去掉it
8．Saw改为Seeing
9．sad前面加be
10．quick改为quickly
【解析】1．happen改为happened；考查动词的时态，本文讲的是过去发生的事情，故用一般过去时．
2．wind改为windy；考查形容词，此处用形容词作定语修饰名词day．
3．the改为a；考查冠词，此处用不定冠词a泛指"一辆公共汽车"．
4．windw改为Windws；考查名词的单复数，windw是可数名词，结合句意"一阵大风吹进车窗"不可能是一个窗户，故用复数形式．
5．A改为The；考查冠词，此处指的是上文提到的A yung lady，故用定冠词the表示特指．
6．surprises改为surprise考查名词，t ne's surprise为固定结构，意为"使某人吃惊的是"．
7．去掉it；考查名词性从句，what t d 是一个宾语从句，疑问代词what在从句中作动词d的宾语，it多余，故去掉．
8．Saw改为Seeing；考查非谓语动词，主语I与动词see存在逻辑上的主谓关系，故用现在分词短语Seeing this作状语．
9．sad前面加be；考查系表结构，此处在助动词dn't后面加上系动词be，与后面的形容词sad构成系表结构．
10．quick改为quickly；考查副词，此处用副词作状语，修饰动词ndded．
43.【答案】Dear Wang Qiang，
Hearing that yu are addicted t playing cmputer games，I felt very wrried.T begin with，it will make yu waste t much valuable time which shuld be spent n yur study.【高分句型一】（浪费了学习的时间）In additin，playing cmputer games fr a lng time will d harm t yur health，especially t yur eyes.Wrse still，sme games are full f vilence，which will be harmful t yur mental health.（对身心健康造成危害）
Therefre，I strngly hpe that yu can break away frm it.【高分句型二】The earlier，the better.Yu can read mre gd bks，take mre exercise r participate in sme scial activities t braden yur hrizns.（作者的建议）
I hpe the advice abve will be helpful t yu.Lking frward t yur gd news.（期盼）
Yurs， Li Hua
【解析】高分句型一：T begin with，it will make yu waste t much valuable time which shuld be spent n yur study.
翻译：首先，它会让你浪费太多本应该花在学习上的宝贵时间。
分析：本句运用了which引导的限制性定语从句。
高分句型二：Therefre，I strngly hpe that yu can break away frm it.
翻译：因此，我强烈希望你能摆脱它。
分析：本句运用了that引导的宾语从句。
写作步骤：
第一步：审题，确定体裁格式、主体时态、中心人称和内容要点，避免填表式或履历表式表达。
第二步：拟定提纲，创造良好的开端；叙述得体，布局谋篇；巧妙过渡，完美结尾。
第三步：遣词造句，套用句型，上下衔接，地道表达，行文成篇（注意"参考词汇"的提示作用）。