模拟卷08-【赢在高考·黄金8卷】备战2024年高考英语模拟卷（北京专用）

这是一份模拟卷08-【赢在高考·黄金8卷】备战2024年高考英语模拟卷（北京专用），文件包含黄金卷08-赢在高考·黄金8卷备战2024年高考英语模拟卷北京专用解析版docx、黄金卷08-赢在高考·黄金8卷备战2024年高考英语模拟卷北京专用考试版docx、黄金卷08-赢在高考·黄金8卷备战2024年高考英语模拟卷北京专用参考答案docx等3份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共46页， 欢迎下载使用。

2、锻炼同学的考试心理，训练学生快速进入考试状态。高考的最佳心理状态是紧张中有乐观，压力下有自信，平静中有兴奋。
3、训练同学掌握一定的应试技巧，积累考试经验。模拟考试可以训练答题时间和速度。高考不仅是知识和水平的竞争，也是时间和速度的竞争，可以说每分每秒都是成绩。
4、帮助同学正确评估自己。高考是一种选拨性考试，目的是排序和择优，起决定作用的是自己在整体中的相对位置。因此，模拟考试以后，同学们要想法了解自己的成绩在整体中的位置。
【赢在高考·黄金8卷】备战2024年高考英语模拟卷（北京专用）
黄金卷08
（考试时间：120分钟 试卷满分：150分）
注意事项：
1．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。
2．回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。
3．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分知识运用（共两节,满分30分）
第一节完形填空（共10小题;每小题1.5分,共15分）
阅读下面短文, 掌握其大意, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中, 选出最佳选项, 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Jennifer finds Cecelia reading a newspaper alne in the rm. “Hi Cecelia, d yu 1 me? Jennifer.” The 91-year-ld resident at Newburgh elder care center says a friendly hell, but desn’t seem t recgnize Jennifer tday.
It’s ne nice spring afternn. Jennifer invites Cecelia t g dwn t the 2 . She helps Cecelia head t the elevatr. Cecelia wheels herself frward, as Jennifer 3 guides her frm behind.
The tw have been getting t knw each ther ver the past few mnths since Jennifer, the recent Bstn University graduate, began t vlunteer in the center, 4 residents with Alzheimer’s disease (阿尔茨海默症).
Dwn in the curtyard, Cecelia begins reading a pem, slwly and lyrically (抒情地). Jennifer listens attentively, and then asks if Cecelia knws wh wrte the pem，t help her with a “ 5 stretch”. Tgether, they reflect n the pem’s meaning. Cecelia’s deep understanding f the pem suggests that she is such a 6 lady. Jennifer tells Cecelia, “Yu’re the ne wh makes me 7 cming here every week. I lve learning frm yu. Yu’re like my teacher.”
“Yu give the ld peple a 8 t think and t knw they get gd care,” Cecelia replies.
Jennifer’s relatinship with Cecelia has played an imprtant rle in 9 her passin fr lking after lder generatins. “We shuld take time t listen t them. Just listening is an act f 10 ,” Jennifer says.
1．A．hearB．understandC．trustD．remember
2．A．curtyardB．centerC．elevatrD．rm
3．A．bravelyB．lightlyC．gratefullyD．immediately
4．A．relying nB．lking intC．appealing tD．caring fr
5．A．handB．legC．brainD．back
6．A．frankB．wiseC．mdestD．humrus
7．A．lk frward tB．pay attentin tC．give in tD．bject t
8．A．dreamB．methdC．chanceD．plan
9．A．rediscveringB．exchangingC．cnsumingD．shaping
10．A．friendshipB．kindnessC．lyaltyD．curage
【答案】
1．D 2．A 3．B 4．D 5．C 6．B 7．A 8．C 9．D 10．B
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。短文叙述了义工詹妮弗照顾养老院91老人塞西莉亚的故事。
1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：嗨，塞西莉亚，你还记得我吗？我是詹妮弗。A. hear听；B. understand理解；C. trust相信；D.remember记得。根据下文“Jennifer”以及“but desn’t seem t recgnize Jennifer tday.”可知，詹妮弗问塞西莉亚是否记得她。故选D项。
2．考查名词词义辨析。句意：詹妮弗邀请塞西莉亚到院子里去。A. curtyard庭院；B. center中心；C. elevatr电梯；D. rm房间。根据下文“Dwn in the curtyard”可知，詹妮弗邀请塞西莉亚到院子里去。故选A项。
3．考查副词词义辨析。句意：塞西莉亚向前推进，詹妮弗轻轻地从后面引导她。A. bravely勇敢地；B. lightly 轻轻地；C. gratefully感激地；D. immediately立即。根据常识可知，塞西莉亚是个91岁的老人且坐着轮椅，所以要轻轻地引导她。 故选B项。
4．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：最近几个月，波士顿大学毕业生詹妮弗开始在该中心做志愿者，照顾患有阿尔茨海默病的居民，这两人就开始相互了解。A. relying n依靠；B. lking int调查；C. appealing t呼吁；D. caring fr照顾，关心。根据下文“they get gd care”可知，波士顿大学毕业生詹妮弗开始在该中心做志愿者，照顾患有阿尔茨海默病的居民。故选D项。
5．考查名词词义辨析。句意：詹妮弗全神贯注地听着，然后问塞西莉亚是否知道这首诗是谁写的，以帮助她“脑洞大开”。A. hand手；B. leg腿；C. brain大脑；D. back后背。根据上文“asks if Cecelia knws wh wrte the pem”以及下文“Tgether, they reflect n the pem’s meaning.”可知，然后问塞西莉亚是否知道这首诗是谁写的，以帮助她“脑洞大开”（恢复记忆）。故选C项。
6．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：塞西莉亚对这首诗的深刻理解表明她是一位如此聪明的女士。A. frank坦率的；B. wise聪明的；C. mdest谦虚的；D. humrus幽默的。根据上文“Cecelia’s deep understanding f the pem”可知，塞西莉亚对这首诗的深刻理解表明她是一位如此聪明的女士。故选B项。
7．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：詹妮弗告诉塞西莉亚：你是那个让我期待每周来到这里的人。A. lk frward t期望；B. pay attentin t注意 ；C. give in t屈服；D. bject t反对。根据下文“I lve learning frm yu. Yu’re like my teacher.”可知，詹妮弗告诉塞西莉亚：你是那个让我期待每周来到这里的人。故选A项。
8．考查名词词义辨析。句意：你给老人们一个思考的机会，让他们知道自己得到了很好的照顾，”塞西莉亚回答。A. dream梦想；B. methd方法；C. chance机会；D. plan计划。根据下文“t think and t knw they get gd care”可知，你给老人们一个思考的机会，让他们知道自己得到了很好的照顾。故选C项。
9．考查动词词义辨析。句意：詹妮弗与塞西莉亚的关系在塑造她照顾老年人的热情方面发挥了重要作用。A. rediscvering重新发现；B. exchanging交流 ；C. cnsuming消费 ；D. shaping形成、塑造。根据上文“Yu’re the ne wh makes me ___7___ cming here every week. I lve learning frm yu. Yu’re like my teacher.”以及下文“her passin fr lking after lder generatins.”可知，詹妮弗与塞西莉亚的关系在塑造她照顾老年人的热情方面发挥了重要作用。故选D项。
10．考查名词词义辨析。句意：倾听是一种善意的行为。A. friendship友谊；B. kindness善意；C. lyalty忠诚；D. curage勇气。根据上文“began t vlunteer in the center”以及“listening”可知，倾听是一种善意的行为。故选B项。
第二节语法填空（共10小题;每小题1.5分,共15分）
A
阅读下列短文, 根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词, 在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。
With the ppularity f cycling, many cities have cmbined their turism characteristics t launch themed rutes. Frm indr exhibitins 11 utdr cncerts and night cycling alng the Suth Central Axis (轴), a series f activities 12 (intrduce) next mnth s that urban residents can enjy themselves. An fficial f the China Turism Academy said, “As mass turism grws in ppularity, nly high-quality utdr turism prducts can attract visitrs and the integratin f micr-vacatin prducts with utdr sprts prducts 13 (have) a brad space fr develpment.”
【答案】11．t 12．will be intrduced 13．has / will have
【导语】这是一篇说明文。随着自行车运动的普及，许多城市结合自己的旅游特色开辟了主题路线。文章讲述了下个月即将要举行一系列活动，让市民可以尽情享受。
11．考查介词。句意：从室内展览到户外音乐会，以及沿中南轴的夜间自行车活动，下个月将推出一系列活动，让市民可以尽情享受。固定结构：“从……到……”，结合句意，此处指从室内展览到户外音乐会，以及沿中南轴的夜间自行车活动，表示活动种类多。故填t。
12．考查一般将来时的被动语态。句意：同上。空处在句中为谓语，结合空后“next mnth”可知，时态为一般将来时；句子主语“a series f activities”和动词“intrduce”为动宾关系，所以此处用被动语态。故填will be intrduced。
13．考查时态。句意：“随着大众旅游的普及，只有高质量的户外旅游产品才能吸引游客，且将微型度假产品与户外运动产品相结合，（将会）具有广阔的发展空间。”分析句子可知，空处为and后的并列句中的谓语，结合句意，这里可以表示一般性事实，用一般现在时，也可以表示将来的情况，用一般将来时，主语是单数，所以空处可以用has/will have，故填has/will have。
B
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Bandung, ne f Indnesia’s majr cities, is nly 150 kilmeters frm Jakarta, the capital, but the drive is at an average f three hurs even with a freeway 14 (cnnect) the tw cities. Frtunately, a high-speed railway 15 (fund) by China is due t pen in 2023, and the hurs-lng travel 16 (cut) t 40 minutes. It is part f China’s Belt and Rad Initiative, and fr Indnesia, the beginning f a brand new netwrk f transprtatin acrss the cuntry.
【答案】14．cnnecting 15．funded 16．will be cut
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了由中国修建的连接印尼雅加达和万隆的高铁，它是中国“一带一路”倡议的一部分，对印度尼西亚来说，这是全国全新交通网络的开端。
14．考查非谓语动词。句意：万隆是印尼的主要城市之一，距离首都雅加达只有150公里，但即使有高速公路连接两个城市，车程也平均需要3个小时。分析句子的结构可知，设空处为“with+宾语+宾补”的复合结构，宾语a freeway和设空处之间为逻辑的主动关系，应用现在分词的形式作宾语补足语，故填cnnecting。
15．考查非谓语动词。句意：幸运的是，一条由中国投资的高铁将于2023年开通。设空处在句中作非谓语，和其逻辑主语a high-speed railway之间是逻辑的被动关系。应用动词的过去分词的形式作后置定语。故填funded。
16．考查谓语动词的时态和语态。句意：长达数小时的行程将缩短至40分钟。设空处在句中作谓语，和句子的主语之间是被动关系，根据时间状语in 2023，可知句子的时态为一般将来时，设空处为一般将来时的被动语态。故填will be cut。
C
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Three astrnauts statined in China’s Tiangng space statin returned in the middle f April. 17 (live) in space fr abut six mnths, they cmpleted mre than 20 scientific tasks and brught back samples 18 them. Besides, they als delivered tw live lectures frm the space statin, 19 shwed the students their living and wrking areas. In additin t the lectures, they als demnstrated several scientific 20 (experiment) under zer-gravity cnditins.
【答案】17．Living/Having lived 18．with 19．which 20．experiments
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲驻扎在中国天宫空间站的三名宇航员于4月中旬返回。
17．考查非谓语。句意：他们在太空生活了大约六个月，完成了20多项科学任务，并带回了样本。分析句子可知，这里应填非谓语，they 和live是主动关系，再根据句意可知，这里应用现在分词一般式或者现在分词完成式作状语。用于句首，首字母大写。故填Living/Having lived。
18．考查介词。句意：他们在太空生活了大约六个月，完成了20多项科学任务，并带回了样本。分析句子可知，这里考查bring sth with sb表“随身携带某东西” ，为固定搭配。故填with。
19．考查定语从句。句意：此外，他们还在空间站进行了两场现场讲座，向学生展示了他们的生活和工作区域。分析句子可知，这里考查非限制性定语从句，先行词为前面的句子，在从句中作主语。故填which。
20．考查名词复数。句意：除了讲座，他们还演示了几项零重力条件下的科学实验。空处填名词作宾语，experiment为可数名字且由 several可知，此空应填可数名词复数。故填experiments。
第二部分 阅读理解（共两节, 38分）
第一节（共14小题; 每小题2分, 共28分）
阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中, 选出最佳选项, 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A

The Suthwest Museum
The cllectins f the Suthwest Museum represent Native American cultures frm Alaska t Suth America. The museum cntains sme f the finest examples f Indian art and artifacts in the Unites States.
EXHIBITIONS
In its permanent exhibitins, the Suthwest Museum presents the remarkable cultural diversity f America’s earliest residents. The museum’s fur main exhibit halls fcus n the native peple f the Suthwest, Califrnia, the Great Plains, and the Nrthwest Cast. Visitrs may survey prehistric Suthwest painted earthenware, and enjy temprary exhibitins and exhibitins that are mved between museums.
PROGRAMS
Thrughut the year the museum ffers a wide range f prgrams including: perfrmances, classes, lectures, festivals, films and demnstratins by nted artists and ther educatinal prgrams fr members and the general public. Guided gallery turs are ffered by reservatin, fr student and adult grups.
MEMBERSHIP
Museum membership prvides individuals and families with many chances t participate in the active and exciting Suthwest Museum cmmunity. The membership benefits include: free admissin t the Museum; invitatins t exhibitin penings and special events; reduced rates n prgrams and classes; discunts in the Museum Stre; calendars f events;members’ newsletter and subscriptin t the museum’s magazine, Masterkey.

MUSEUM STORE
The museum stre ffers beautifully made Suthwest silver jewelry, Puebl earthenware, and kachina dlls. It als ffers flk art frm Mexic and Peru. The stre carries a large selectin f publicatins n Native American histry, and n several famus Native American and Western artists. Museum members receive a 10% discunt n all in-stre purchases and a 20% discunt n all museum publicatins.
Museum Hurs:
Tuesday——Sunday
11:00 5:00p.m.
Telephne: 213-221-2164
Museum Lcatin:
234 Museum Drive
Ls Angeles, CA 90065
21．The cllectins f the Suthwest Museum fcus n _______.
A．lifestyles f American residents
B．native cultures f the Americas
C．diversity f American festivals
D．develpment f American arts
22．What can a visitr d at the Suthwest Museum?
A．Interview nted artists.
B．Try painting earthenware.
C．Appreciate traveling exhibitins.
D．Survey mdern American flk art.
23．Which benefit can a museum member enjy?
A．Free classes and prgrams.
B．A 10% discunt n kachina dlls.
C．The pririty t reserve guided turs.
D．The right t invite friends t exhibitin penings.
【答案】21．B 22．C 23．B
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍了西南博物馆的展品，项目以及会员福利。
21．细节理解题。根据第一段中“The cllectins f the Suthwest Museum represent Native American cultures frm Alaska t Suth America.(西南博物馆的藏品代表了从阿拉斯加到南美洲的美洲土著文化)”以及第二段中“In its permanent exhibitins, the Suthwest Museum presents the remarkable cultural diversity f America’s earliest residents.(在其常设展览中，西南博物馆展示了美国最早居民的显著文化多样性)”可知，西南博物馆的藏品集中在美洲的本土文化。故选B项。
22．细节理解题。根据小标题PROGRAMS下的段落中“The museum’s fur main exhibit halls fcus n the native peple f the Suthwest, Califrnia, the Great Plains, and the Nrthwest Cast. Visitrs may survey prehistric Suthwest painted earthenware, and enjy temprary exhibitins and exhibitins that are mved between museums.(博物馆的四个主要展厅集中于西南部、加利福尼亚州、大平原和西北海岸的原住民。游客可以参观史前西南地区的彩绘陶器，欣赏临时展览和博物馆之间的展览。)”可知，游客在西南博物馆可以欣赏博物馆之间的巡回展览。故选C项。
23．细节理解题。根据小标题MUSEUM STORE下的段落中“The museum stre ffers beautifully made Suthwest silver jewelry, Puebl earthenware, and kachina dlls. It als ffers flk art frm Mexic and Peru. The stre carries a large selectin f publicatins n Native American histry, and n several famus Native American and Western artists. Museum members receive a 10% discunt n all in-stre purchases and a 20% discunt n all museum publicatins.(博物馆商店提供精美的西南银饰，普韦布洛陶器，和克奇纳娃娃。它还提供来自墨西哥和秘鲁的民间艺术。这家商店有大量关于美国原住民历史的出版物，以及一些著名的美国原住民和西部艺术家的出版物。博物馆会员在店内购物可享受9折优惠，购买所有博物馆出版物可享受8折优惠)”可知，博物馆会员可享受卡奇纳娃娃打九折的福利。故选B项。
B
In my eyes, my mther is capable f ding anything, especially chres such as irning and cking. Hwever, teaching her hw t use the Internet is as frustrating as untangling(解开) wires.
Once, my mther came t me t ask fr help n hw t find a recipe fr all-beef Lasagna. I gave her very simple verbal(口头的) instructins—g t the hme page f a particular search engine and type in “recipe fr all-beef Lasagna.” Fifteen minutes later, she came t me, telling me that she was unable t find the Internet icn(图标). I went ver t the cmputer and pinted ut the icn t her.
Anther fifteen minutes went by when I felt a tap n my shulder. This time, my mther said that she was unable t search fr the particular recipe. Gritting(咬) my teeth, I walked t her rm again. I saw that she had typed “all beef La saga” instead. With frustrated strkes, I keyed in the crrect spelling.
Yet anther fifteen minutes went by again when my mther gingerly tapped my shulder. I strmed next dr withut bthering t hide my frustratin. The main page f the website had nt shifted ne bit. I then realised that she did nt knw hw t scrll dwn the page. What had initially seemed like an easy task was turning ut t be an intense ne.
T avid being disturbed again, I decided t find the recipe fr her. Withut a wrd, I rapidly dwnladed a few recipes, printed them ut and passed them t my mther. Hwever, seeing her embarrassment, I began t regret my impatience during the whle prcess.
At that mment, memries flashed thrugh my mind. When I was yung, my mther endured my endless questins, enlightening me with much patience. Nw that I am lder, the rles slwly reverse. As my mther may increasingly need my help, shuldn’t I rethink hw t respnd t her needs?
24．The authr’s mther culdn’t find the recipe nline mainly because she was ________.
A．unfamiliar with cmputers and the Internet
B．given unclear instructins by the authr
C．t dependent n her family members
D．impatient at searching fr the recipe
25．Why did the authr print the recipes fr his mther at last?
A．Because he was pleased t help his mther ut.
B．Because he didn’t want his mther t be embarrassed.
C．Because he was fed up with his mther’s interruptin.
D．Because he thught his mther favred the printed versin.
26．What message des the authr want t cnvey?
A．It is wise t teach thers by examples.
B．Frgiving thers is equal t blessing neself.
C．Patience and perseverance will be finally rewarded.
D．Putting yurself in thers’ shes is the key t understanding.
【答案】24．A 25．C 26．D
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要描述了母亲因不熟悉电脑而屡次向我求助，而我对她却越来越没有耐心，最后我终于意识到了自己的问题所在。
24．细节理解题。根据文章第二段第三句“Fifteen minutes later, she came t me, telling me that she was unable t find the Internet icn(图标). ”（15分钟之后，她来到我身边，说她找不到电脑图标。）及第三段第二句“This time, my mther said that she was unable t search fr the particular recipe. ”（这次，母亲说她查找不到具体的食谱。）可知，母亲因为不会使用电脑，所以无法找到在线食谱。故选A项。
25．细节理解题。根据第五段第一句“T avid being disturbed again, I decided t find the recipe fr her. ”（为了避免被再次打扰，我决定帮她找到食谱。）可知，我为了不让母亲一直打扰我，所以亲自给她找到了食谱并打印出来。故选C项。
26．推理判断题。根据最后一段第二句第三句“When I was yung, my mther endured my endless questins, enlightening me with much patience. Nw that I am lder, the rles slwly reverse.”（当我小时候，母亲容忍了我的许多问题，带着极大的耐心启蒙我。现在我长大了，角色慢慢颠倒了。）可知，我开始反思自己对母亲的态度，并站在母亲的立场上考虑问题，说明了换位思考的重要性。故选D项。
C
Peple wh think f themselves as tugh-minded and realistic tend t take it fr granted that human nature is selfish and that life is a struggle in which nly the fittest may survive. Accrding t this philsphy, the basic law by which peple must live, is the law f the jungle. The “fittest” are thse wh can bring t the struggle superir frce, superir cunning and superir ruthlessness.
But we are entitled t ask whether the ruthlessness f the tiger, the cunning f the fx and the bedience t the law f the jungle are, in their human applicatins, actually evidence f human fitness t survive. If human beings are t pick up pinters n behavir frm the lwer animals, are there nt animals ther than beasts f prey frm which we might learn lessns in survival?
We might, fr example, lk t the rabbit r the deer and define fitness t survive as superir speed in running away frm ur enemies. We might pint t the earthwrm r the mle and attribute their fitness t survive t the ability t keep ut f sight and ut f the way. If we simply lk t animals in rder t define what we mean by “fitness t survive”, there is n limit t the subhuman systems f behavir that we can think up. We may emulate any animal because they have all bviusly survived in ne way r anther. We are still entitled t ask, hwever, if human survival des nt revlve arund a different kind f fitness frm that f the lwer animals.
Bilgists distinguish between tw kinds f struggle fr survival. First, there is the interspecific struggle, warfare between different species f animals. Secnd, there is the intraspecific struggle, warfare amng members f a single species. A great deal f evidence in mdern bilgy indicates that thse species that have develped elabrate means f intraspecific cmpetitin ften make themselves unfit fr interspecific cmpetitin, and that strength and fierceness in fighting and killing ther animals, whether in interspecific r intraspecific cmpetitin, have never been enugh in themselves t guarantee the survival f a species.
If we are ging t talk abut human survival, ne f the first things t d, even if we grant that peple must fight t live, is t distinguish between thse qualities that are useful in fighting the envirnment and ther species and thse qualities that are useful in fighting ther peple. There are als characteristics imprtant t human survival that d nt invlve fighting.
Cperatin is essential t the survival f mst living creatures. And human beings are the talking animals. Any thery f human survival that leaves this fact ut f accunt is n mre scientific than wuld be a thery f beaver survival that failed t cnsider the interesting uses a beaver makes f its teeth and flat tail. Let us see what talking means.
beaver
27．Accrding t the passage, the “Survival f the Fittest” thery .
A．shws that the tugh-minded and realistic survive
B．is ften used as an excuse fr ne’s being selfish
C．applies better in human sciety than in the wild
D．is universally acknwledged amng scientists
28．What des the underlined wrd “emulate” in Paragraph 3 mst prbably mean?
A．CpyB．Prtect.C．Trap.D．Admire.
29．Accrding t the passage, the authr is mst likely t agree that .
A．humans have n superir frce ver ther species
B．humans have survived because they are the fittest
C．humans dn’t have t learn frm animals t survive
D．humans need t fight each ther fr their wn survival
30．What is mst likely t be talked abut next?
A．Ways t make humans mre cmpetitive.
B．Human’s cperatin via cmmunicatin
C．Differences between beavers and humans.
D．The develpment f human survival skills.
【答案】27．B 28．A 29．C 30．B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了”适者生存“理论在人类社会中与动物之间的区别。
27．推理判断题。根据第一段“Peple wh think f themselves as tugh-minded and realistic tend t take it fr granted that human nature is selfish and that life is a struggle in which nly the fittest may survive. Accrding t this philsphy, the basic law by which peple must live, is the law f the jungle. The “fittest” are thse wh can bring t the struggle superir frce, superir cunning and superir ruthlessness.”（那些认为自己意志坚强、现实的人往往理所当然地认为，人性是自私的，生活是一场只有适者才能生存的斗争。根据这种哲学，人们必须遵循的基本法则是丛林法则。“适者”是那些能够在斗争中带来优越的力量、优越的狡猾和优越的残忍的人。）可知，对于信奉“适者生存”理论的人而言，他们往往认为人性是自私的，生活是一场只有适者才能生存的斗争。可推知，这些人会把这个理论作为自己自私的借口。故选B。
28．词句猜测题。根据第三段的“If we simply lk t animals in rder t define what we mean by “fitness t survive”, there is n limit t the subhuman systems f behavir that we can think up. ”（如果我们只是看动物来定义我们所说的“适者生存”，那么我们可以想出的非人类的行为系统是没有限制的。）可知，我们不应只是看动物来定义“适者生存”。划线词后内容“because they have all bviusly survived in ne way r anther. ”（因为它们显然都以这样或那样的方式幸存了下来。）可知，动物们以自己的方式生存下来证实了适者生存的道理，所以我们应该不仅只是看动物来定义“适者生存”，而且要模仿它们，让自己生存下来。由此可知，划线词所在句指“我们会模仿动物来让自己生存下来”，所以划线词的含义为“模仿”，故选A。
29．推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句“We are still entitled t ask, hwever, if human survival des nt revlve arund a different kind f fitness frm that f the lwer animals.”（然而，我们仍然有权问，人类的生存是否围绕着一种不同于低等动物的适应性。）和倒数第二段“If we are ging t talk abut human survival, ne f the first things t d, even if we grant that peple must fight t live, is t distinguish between thse qualities that are useful in fighting the envirnment and ther species and thse qualities that are useful in fighting ther peple. There are als characteristics imprtant t human survival that d nt invlve fighting.”（如果我们要谈论人类的生存，首先要做的事情之一，即使我们承认人类必须为生存而战，就是区分那些有助于对抗环境和其他物种的品质，和那些有助于对抗其他人的品质。还有一些对人类生存非常重要的特征不涉及战斗。）和最后一段前两句“Cperatin is essential t the survival f mst living creatures. And human beings are the talking animals. ”（合作对于大多数生物的生存是必不可少的，而人类是会说话的动物。）可知，作者认为，人类的生存不同于其他物种之间的生存的适应性，因为人类能区分那些有助于对抗环境和其他物种的品质，和那些有助于对抗其他人的品质。还有一些对人类生存非常重要的特征并不涉及战斗，此外人类是会说话的动物。即人类不必向动物学习才能生存，故选C。
30．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Cperatin is essential t the survival f mst living creatures. And human beings are the talking animals. Any thery f human survival that leaves this fact ut f accunt is n mre scientific than wuld be a thery f beaver survival that failed t cnsider the interesting uses a beaver makes f its teeth and flat tail. Let us see what talking means.”（合作对大多数生物的生存至关重要。人类是会说话的动物。任何不考虑这一事实的人类生存理论都不会比海狸生存理论更科学，因为后者没有考虑到海狸利用牙齿和扁尾巴的有趣用途。让我们看看说话是什么意思。）可知，本段结尾提到了人类会通过沟通获得合作，因此接下来可能谈论的是人们如何通过沟通来实现合作。故选B。
D
It all started when I typed a perfectly reasnable prmpt (提示词) int ne f several apps n the market that can create an image based n text. “Skull space laser dinsaur starship explsin,” I wrte. The app prcessed fr a few secnds, and returned fur images, ne f which was strangely accurate: a dinsaur-lking skull screamed ut f an empty space, trailing fire. It lked like an illustratin frm the art magazine, and perhaps art frm the magazine influenced its creatin.
Text-t-image AIs identify images by lking at the text that peple have used t describe thse pictures nline. When the app gt my prmpt, it studied images that randm peple had described as “dinsaur” r laser and sn then used what is called a diffusin mdel (扩散模型) t add a bunch f randm chas t thse pictures. Once they were suitably cmpleted, it “upscaled” them, remving nise and sharpening fcus. Its wrk is s gd that an artist using it recently wn first place fr digital images at the Clrad State Fair.
But there are majr ethical (道德的) issues raised by the success f such AIs. The biggest has t d with thse training data sets. Reprters recently discvered that the data set used by Text-t-image AIs cntained images f vilence. Sme cmpanies are wrking n ways t prevent the public frm seeing images based n ffensive and illegal pictures in the data set. A representative f the cmpanies als nted that the images in its data set are “already available in the public internet n publicly available websites”.
But even if this prblem is fixed there is still the questin f all the ther pictures nline that are being transfrmed int AI-generated masterpieces. As many artists have pinted ut, their wrks are being used withut payment. The image-generating algrithm (算法) creates illustratins and even mvies by using data sets stcked with art stlen frm artists wh pst their wrks nline.
Sme AI researchers argue that their algrithms aren’t stealing frm artists s much as learning frm them just as human artists learn frm each ther. But a mre ethical apprach wuld be fr cmpanies t acknwledge their debt t artists and create a mdel f vluntary cllective licensing, much like what radi statins first did in radi’s early days. Back then, musicians created grups like BMI t cllectively license their music t radi statins — then BMI wuld pay artists based n hw ften their sngs were played. Perhaps artists and art institutins tday culd frm a “cllecting sciety” that wuld allw cmpanies t license their artwrk fr data sets.
T create ethical AI systems, we need t acknwledge the peple whse wrk makes thse systems s magical. We can’t simply snarf up every image nline — we need humans t manage thse data sets and we need t pay them t d it.
31．What can we learn abut Text-t-image AIs frm the first tw paragraphs?
A．They are develped t prcess pictures.
B．They are used t describe nline pictures.
C．They use a diffusin mdel t cmbine pictures.
D．They create their wrks based n nline pictures.
32．One f the issues raised by the success f Text-t-image AIs is ______.
A．the influence upn art creatin.B．the availability f nline pictures.
C．the neglect f the artists’ .D．the prspect f artists being replaced.
33．Why did the authr mentin BMI in Paragraph 5?
A．T intrduce the rle that BMI played in AI histry.
B．T present a way t regulate the use f nline pictures.
C．T prve the necessity f licensing music t radi statins.
D．T demnstrate the urgency f frming a cllecting sciety.
34．What can we infer frm the passage?
A．It is nt practical t imprve the image-generating algrithm.
B．The functin f Text-t-image AIs shuldn’t be underestimated.
C．Human effrts shuld be valued in the applicatin f Text-t-image AIs.
D．Cmpanies shuld be held respnsible fr the illegal pictures n public websites.
【答案】31．D 32．C 33．B 34．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文本到图像AI可以基于文本创建图像，但也由此带来了许多道德问题，文章对这些问题的解决提出了方法和建议。
31．细节理解题。根据第一段第一句“It all started when I typed a perfectly reasnable prmpt (提示词) int ne f several apps n the market that can create an image based n text. (这一切都是从我在市面上几个可以基于文本创建图像的应用程序之一中键入一个非常合理的提示开始的。)”和第二段前两句“Text-t-image AIs identify images by lking at the text that peple have used t describe thse pictures nline. When the app gt my prmpt, it studied images that randm peple had described as “dinsaur” r laser and sn then used what is called a diffusin mdel (扩散模型) t add a bunch f randm chas t thse pictures. (文本到图像AI通过查看人们用来在线描述这些图片的文本来识别图像。当应用程序收到我的提示时，它研究了随机人描述为“恐龙”或激光的图像，然后很快使用所谓的扩散模型为这些图像添加了一堆随机的混乱。)”可知，文本到图像AI根据在线图片创作作品。故选D。
32．细节理解题。根据第四段第二句“As many artists have pinted ut, their wrks are being used withut payment.(正如许多艺术家所指出的，他们的作品被免费使用。)”可知，文本到图像AI的成功带来的问题之一是对艺术家版权的忽视。故选C。
33．推理判断题。根据第五段最后一句“Perhaps artists and art institutins tday culd frm a “cllecting sciety” that wuld allw cmpanies t license their artwrk fr data sets. (也许今天的艺术家和艺术机构可以组建一个“收藏协会”，允许公司对其艺术品进行数据集许可。)”可知，作者在第5段中提到BMI是为了提出一种规范网络图片使用的方法。故选B。
34．推理判断题。根据最后一段“T create ethical AI systems, we need t acknwledge the peple whse wrk makes thse systems s magical. We can’t simply snarf up every image nline — we need humans t manage thse data sets and we need t pay them t d it. (为了创造合乎道德的人工智能系统，我们需要承认那些让这些系统如此神奇的人。我们不能简单地在网上抓取每一张图片，我们需要人类来管理这些数据集，我们需要支付他们的费用。)”可知，在文本到图像AI的运用中，应重视人类的努力。故选C。
第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，共10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。
The Science f Recreatinal Fear
Frm peek-a-b t Hallween haunted huses, research shws that recreatinal fear can teach us t face scary situatins. The “paradx f hrrr” is that being scared, under the right circumstances, can be fun. 35
Having fun with fear is an “extremely imprtant tl fr learning,” said Mathias Clasen, directr f the Recreatinal Fear Lab at Aarhus University in Denmark. “We learn smething abut the dangers f the wrld. We learn smething abut ur wn respnses: What des it feel like t be afraid? Hw much fear can I take?”
Hrrr mvies have gtten mre ppular. And in ne survey f mre than 1,000 Americans, cnducted by Clasen, 55% described themselves as hrrr fans. 36 Many peple wh wuld nt cnsider themselves fans f fear enjy true-crime pdcasts and nvels featuring vilence and murder. Others may enjy nature dcumentaries abut tp predatrs (捕食性动物) such as sharks and bears.
Even babies like being a little spked (惊的). Peek-a-b is “an infant jump scare,” Clasen said. 37 “I dn’t think I’ve yet cme acrss a persn wh did nt enjy sme kind f recreatinal fear,” he said.
38 It is a cmbinatin f an adrenaline (肾上腺素) rush and an pprtunity t learn abut dealing with scary situatins in a safe envirnment, researchers say. When we are afraid, ur endcrine system releases adrenaline, nradrenaline and crtisl t help prepare ur bdy fr physical actin. We knw the “Hallween” mvie Michael Myers is nt real, but ur brain still respnds as if he were a burning threat. One brain imaging study fund that watching hrrr mvies activates threat-respnse brain regins such as the amygdala (扁桃腺), prefrntal crtex and insula as if the danger were real.
After this rush, many peple experience an uplifted md. One study examined hw 262 adults felt befre and after they entered an extreme haunted huse. 39 Brain recrdings befre and after shwed that thse whse md imprved had a smaller neural respnse t subsequent stressrs, which is assciated with the pst-haunt high.
A．S why d we like it?
B．Fifty percent f peple said they felt better after the visit.
C．And recreatinal fear, as it is rightly named, culd benefit us, t.
D．Playing with fear helps us learn what ur bdy des under pressure.
E．Hrrr, thugh, is nt the nly genre f what peple find scary fun, he said.
F．We define recreatinal fear bradly as a mixed emtinal experience f fear and enjyment.
G．Classic childhd games f tag and hide-and-seek are just like the real scenes f predatr vs. prey.
【答案】35．C 36．E 37．G 38．A 39．B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章谈论了娱乐恐惧的科学。
35．根据上文“research shws that recreatinal fear can teach us t face scary situatins. The “paradx f hrrr” is that being scared, under the right circumstances, can be fun. ”（研究表明娱乐恐惧可以教会我们面对可怕的情况。“恐怖悖论”是，在适当的情况下，害怕可能是件有趣的事）提出“恐怖悖论”在适当的情况下，害怕可能是件有趣的事。因而空处应承接前文，讲述娱乐恐惧也是有好处的。选项C. “And recreatinal fear, as it is rightly named, culd benefit us, t”（而娱乐性的恐惧，正如它的名字一样，也可以使我们受益）切题。故选C。
36．根据上文“And in ne survey f mre than 1,000 Americans, cnducted by Clasen, 55% described themselves as hrrr fans. ”（在克拉森对1000多名美国人进行的一项调查中，55% 的人称自己是恐怖片迷。）讲述了克拉森的一项调查的结果，下文“Many peple wh wuld nt cnsider themselves fans f fear enjy true-crime pdcasts and nvels featuring vilence and murder. Others may enjy nature dcumentaries abut tp predatrs (捕食性动物) such as sharks and bears.”（许多不认为自己是恐惧迷的人喜欢真实犯罪的播客和以暴力和谋杀为主题的小说。其他人可能喜欢关于顶级掠食者如鲨鱼和熊的自然纪录片）提到了其他人的喜欢类型，所以空处应承接上文，讲述结果发现，喜欢恐怖并不是唯一的一种类型。选项E.“Hrrr, thugh, is nt the nly genre f what peple find scary fun, he said.”（然而，他说，恐怖并不是人们觉得恐怖有趣的唯一类型）切题。故选E。
37．上文“Even babies like being a little spked (惊的). Peek-a-b is “an infant jump scare,” Clasen said. ”（即使是婴儿也喜欢被吓到，躲猫猫是“一种婴儿的跳跃恐惧”，Clasen 说）下文““I dn’t think I’ve yet cme acrss a persn wh did nt enjy sme kind f recreatinal fear,” he said.”（“我想我还没有遇到过一个人不喜欢某种娱乐性的恐惧,”他说）所以空处应其承上启下的作用，讲述“捉迷藏”游戏也有着恐惧的因素。选项G.“Classic childhd games f tag and hide-and-seek are just like the real scenes f predatr vs. prey.”（经典的儿童捉迷藏游戏就像捕食者与猎物的真实场景。）切题。故选G。
38．结合前一段的末句““I dn’t think I’ve yet cme acrss a persn wh did nt enjy sme kind f recreatinal fear,” he said.”（“我想我还没有遇到过一个人不喜欢某种娱乐性的恐惧,”他说）说明人们都喜欢娱乐性的恐惧。下文“It is a cmbinatin f an adrenaline (肾上腺素) rush and an pprtunity t learn abut dealing with scary situatins in a safe envirnment, researchers say.”（研究人员说，这是肾上腺素激增和学习如何在安全环境中处理可怕情况的机会的结合）解释了人们喜欢娱乐性恐惧的原因。因而空处应承接前文，讲述为什么人们会喜欢的问题。选项A.“S why d we like it?”（那我们为什么喜欢它？）切题。故选A。
39．根据上文“One study examined hw 262 adults felt befre and after they entered an extreme haunted huse. ”（一项研究调查了262名成年人在进入一个极度闹鬼的房子前后的感受）空处应承接前文，讲述调查的结果。选项B.“Fifty percent f peple said they felt better after the visit.”（百分之五十的人说他们在参观后感觉好多了）切题。故选B。
第三部分 书面表达(共两节，32分)
第一节(共4小题;第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分)
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。
The Grand Canal is a vast waterway system in China, running frm Beijing in the nrth t Zhejiang prvince in the suth. It stretches fr nearly 3,200 kilmeters and passes thrugh eight f the cuntry’s prvinces and municipalities.
Listed as a UNESCO Wrld Heritage site, the canal is the lngest and ldest artificial river in the wrld. It has played an imprtant rle in ensuring China’s ecnmic prsperity and stability, and is in use tday as a majr means f transprtatin.
The Beijing sectin f the Grand Canal is 82 km lng. Alng it, cultural relics and sites n bth banks are imprtant symbls f culture and are cnsidered a tp pririty fr prtectin by the lcal gvernment.
The city gvernment has unveiled tw develpment plans: the first is an implementatin plan fr the prtectin, inheritance and utilizatin f the canal’s cultural values; the secnd is a cnstructin plan fr building a Grand Canal-themed natinal cultural park.
The plan sets up three implementatin milestnes in the next five years. In 2020, effrts have been made t lay a firm fundatin fr the cnstructin f the Grand Canal Natinal Cultural Park, with the Tngzhu sectin f the canal pen t navigatin and a management mechanism f the park established. By 2023, significant prgress is expected t be made in crdinating the prtectin and utilizatin f cultural resurces alng the canal, with the natinal cultural park basically set up. By 2025, the park will becme a new cultural landmark in Beijing. The Grand Canal, with its cultural resurces put under prtectin and eclgical cnservatin alng its banks significantly imprved, will embrace imprved cultural and turism develpment. Cities alng the canal by then will welcme further crdinated r integrated develpment.
The Beijing sectin f the Grand Canal, a valued asset fr the capital, is marked ut as a river basting rich cultural resurces, eclgical value, scial benefits and ecnmic ptential. The capital is set t rll ut mre measures t bring ut the best in the canal.
40．Accrding t the passage, what rles has the Grand Canal played?

41．What des the Beijing gvernment cnsider a tp pririty fr prtectin alng the Grand Canal?

42．Please decide which part is false in the fllwing statement, then underline it and explain why.
With its prtected cultural resurces and imprved eclgical cnservatin alng its banks, the Grand Canal will embrace imprved cultural and industrial develpment.

43．There are many UNESCO Wrld Heritage sites in China. What can we d t prtect them?(In abut 40 wrds)

【答案】40．The Grand Canal has played an imprtant rle in ensuring China’s ecnmic prsperity and stability. 41．Cultural relics and sites n bth banks are cnsidered a tp pririty fr prtectin by the lcal gvernment. 42．The part “the Grand Canal will embrace imprved cultural and industrial develpment.” is wrng. Accrding t the cntent f the develpment plan, The Grand Canal, with its cultural resurces put under prtectin and eclgical cnservatin alng its banks significantly imprved, will embrace imprved cultural and turism develpment.
43．T prtect UNESCO Wrld Heritage sites , we can nt nly use the news media t aruse peple’s awareness f preservatin but als enfrce laws t intensify the prtectin. Besides, the schl shuld implant the educatin f prtecting cultural heritages.
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了京杭大运河在国内外的重要地位以及北京政府对于京杭大运河北京段未来的两个发展计划。
40．考查细节理解。根据文章第二段“It has played an imprtant rle in ensuring China’s ecnmic prsperity and stability, and is in use tday as a majr means f transprtatin.（它在确保中国经济繁荣稳定方面起到了重要的作用并在今天被用作主要的交通手段。）”可知，京杭大运河在确保中国经济繁荣稳定方面起到了重要的作用，故答案为The Grand Canal has played an imprtant rle in ensuring China’s ecnmic prsperity and stability.
41．考查细节理解。根据第三段“Alng it, cultural relics and sites n bth banks are imprtant symbls f culture and are cnsidered a tp pririty fr prtectin by the lcal gvernment.（沿河两岸的文物和遗迹是文化重要的标志并且被当地政府视为保护的重中之重。）”可知，当地政府视为保护的重中之重的部分是京杭大运河两岸的文物和遗迹，故答案为Cultural relics and sites n bth banks are cnsidered a tp pririty fr prtectin by the lcal gvernment.
42．考查推理判断。根据第五段“The Grand Canal, with its cultural resurces put under prtectin and eclgical cnservatin alng its banks significantly imprved, will embrace imprved cultural and turism develpment.（随着沿河两岸的文化资源保护和生态保护有了显著的改善，京杭大运河将会拥有文化和旅游业发展的改善。）”可知，京杭大运河将会拥有文化和旅游业的改善，推断出划线部分中工业得到改善是错误的。故答案为The part “the Grand Canal will embrace imprved cultural and industrial develpment.” is wrng. Accrding t the cntent f the develpment plan, The Grand Canal, with its cultural resurces put under prtectin and eclgical cnservatin alng its banks significantly imprved, will embrace imprved cultural and turism develpment.
43．开放性试题。题目要求写出对于世界文化遗产的保护措施，可以从利用媒体唤起人们的保护意识，利用法律约束和学校教育三个方面入手，故答案为T prtect UNESCO Wrld Heritage sites , we can nt nly use the news media t aruse peple’s awareness f preservatin but als enfrce laws t intensify the prtectin. Besides, the schl shuld implant the educatin f prtecting cultural heritages.
第二节(20分)
假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。市青年联合会面向全球发起“青春之歌”主题原创诗歌征集活动。请你用英文给英国好友Jim写一封电子邮件，内容包括：
1.介绍活动；
2.邀请参与。
参考词汇：青年联合会Yuth Federatin
注意：1.词数100左右；
2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yurs,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Jim
I am writing t invite yu t participate in an riginal English petry cntest, the theme f which is “Sng f Yuth”.
This event was initiated by the Yuth Federatin t slicit pems frm students all ver the wrld. Pems can be abut yuthful friendship, lve r cnfusin and must be written in English. Nt nly can yu describe yur life in the pems, but als yu can express yur pinins n these tpics. The cntent f the pems must be healthy and psitive. The wrks shuld be submitted as a dcument and sent t literature@163.cm. Every student is welcme t take part in this activity as lng as yu are interested in English petry.
Lk frward t yur participatin.
Yurs,
Li Hua
【导语】本文是一篇应用文写作。要求考生给英国好友Jim写一封电子邮件，邀请他参加以“青春之歌”为主题的原创诗歌征集活动。
【详解】1. 词汇积累
参加：participate in→take part in
比赛：cntest→cmpetitin
表达：express→vice
主题：tpic→theme
2. 句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：This event was initiated by the Yuth Federatin t slicit pems frm students all ver the wrld.
拓展句：This event was initiated by the Yuth Federatin, which is t slicit pems frm students all ver the wrld.
【点睛】[高分句型1]Nt nly can yu describe yur life in the pems, but als yu can express yur pinins n these tpics.(nt nly引导的倒装句)
[高分句型2]Every student is welcme t take part in this activity as lng as yu are interested in English petry.(as lng as引导的状语从句)