2024年北京市西城区中考英语一模试卷（含详细答案解析）

这是一份2024年北京市西城区中考英语一模试卷（含详细答案解析），共19页。试卷主要包含了单选题，完形填空，阅读理解，任务型阅读-多任务混合，书面表达等内容，欢迎下载使用。

1.My sister likes drawing and wants t be an artist in the future.（ ）
A. sheB. heC. itD. they
2.I like listening t music while exercising the park.（ ）
A. nB. underC. inD. t
3.—Wuld yu like mre pizza，Linda？
—N，thanks.The pizza is delicius I'm full.（ ）
A. ifB. butC. becauseD. Or
4.— yu read the sign acrss the street，Tm？
—N，I can't.（ ）
A. MustB. CanC. MayD. Might
5.La She is ne f Chinese writers f the twentieth century.
A. greatB. greaterC. greatestD. the greatest
6.— are yu late？
—Because I missed the early train.（ ）
A. WhenB. WhatC. WhyD. Where
7.—Where is Mary？
—She the teachers with the pster right nw.（ ）
A. is helpingB. helpedC. was helpingD. will help
8.The students a lt fr the shw since last Mnday.（ ）
A. have practicedB. practiceC. were practicingD. practiced
9.When my friend called last night，I plans fr the May Day hliday.（ ）
A. am makingB. have madeC. makeD. was making
10.I'm n the schl ftball team，and usually we a match n Saturday.（ ）
A. hadB. haveC. are havingD. have had
11.The hspital ______ in 2001.（ ）
A. buildsB. builtC. was builtD. is built
12.—D yu knw ？
—Next Tuesday afternn.We are lking frward t it.（ ）
A. where we will have the schl cncert
B. where will we have the schl cncert
C. when we will have the schl cncert
D. when will we have the schl cncert
二、完形填空：本大题共8小题，共8分。
"We were the cutest babies in the wrld!"I smiled and said t Rachel as I put up a（1） ______ f me riding a hrse n the wall f the classrm.
"I knw，lk at this ne!"Rachel pinted t the picture f us at age five.We bth laughed and shk ur heads.We culdn't believe that we wuld be graduating（毕业）in a week.
As a way f celebrating ur childhds，we were asked t bring in pictures f urselves grwing up.As I lked （2） ______ frm pht t pht，frm preschlers t ninth-graders，I began t lk at my classmates arund me.
First I lked at Rachel，and I （3） ______ the first day f schl.I was a little five-year-ld.When my mther left me，I just didn't knw what t d but cry.Then I felt a hand n my shulder.I turned arund and saw Rachel.
"Why are yu crying？"she asked.
"My mmmy left me. "
"Wuld yu like t play a puzzle game tgether？"She ffered.
That gt my （4） ______ .I lved puzzle games.I started t play，and after a few minutes，I wasn't crying anymre.
I lked back at the pictures and my eyes （5） ______ n a picture f Tny.Tny lives right next t me，and we have always been clse.I remember hw much fun I had playing "bys' games"，all thanks t Tny making it pssible.
"Cme n，she's a girl，she'll make yu play Barbies r smething，"ne f the bys n ur blck said t Tny.
I turned and started t walk away.I felt tears （6） ______ up in my eyes when I heard Tny say，"N，I want t play with Sarah.We're ging t play basketball. "
The millins f memries that I （7） ______ frm thse years suddenly came back t me.High schl wuld be different.I culdn't imagine hw that wuld feel.I lked at the pictures nce mre and nticed hw，in every picture，each f us was at （8） ______ pints f ur lives，but we were always smiling.We were all kay，even thrugh all the changes.
I was finally ready fr high schl.
13.A. drawingB. diaryC. pictureD. pster
14.A. plitelyB. clselyC. immediatelyD. angrily
15.A. discveredB. rememberedC. cmparedD. imagined
16.A. patienceB. adviceC. messageD. attentin
17.A. landedB. carriedC. darkenedD. pened
18.A. jumpB. mixC. wellD. mve
19.A. cllectedB. imprvedC. matchedD. cpied
20.A. strangeB. seriusC. hardD. different
三、阅读理解：本大题共10小题，共20分。
A
Greg's Diary
Sunday
Tnight，Mm called fr a "huse meeting".She tld us that she was ging back t schl t start taking classes.Well，it was ttally ut f my expectatin.She is always there when I get hme frm schl，and that's the way I like it.
But nw，we have t make ur wn dinners and start ding husewrk.
**********
Wednesday
The first few nights with Mm away have been a disaster（灾难）.We tried making ur dinner n Mnday.Manny made the iced tea，but it was undrinkable.Rdric cked the rast beef，but it was a mess.S，we bagged the hmemade meal idea and went ut t eat.
**********
Tuesday
My task is taking ut the rubbish.Tnight，Dad asked me why I didn't d my jb this mrning.He said I needed t start being mre respnsible.
I've heard it frm Dad befre.Last summer，ur neighbr Ms.Grve，asked me t lk after her plants while she went n business.Well，I did it fr the first few days and then I gt busy with ther was pretty mad because mst f the plants didn't make it.Then she sent me hme withut paying me.
**********
Thursday
Well，Dad is really serius abut me taking n mre respnsibility.And first he wants me t start waking myself up in the mrning.That's actually a real prblem because I depend n him t wake me up.
Yesterday was the first day I tried t wake myself up，and it didn't wrk ut.My alarm clck（闹钟）went ff，but the sund just wrked its way int my dream.And tday didn't g any better.
The prblem is withut an actual human being waking me up，my brain is always ging t find sme excuse t keep sleeping.But I think I might have fund a slutin t this alarm clck situatin.I fund an ld-style alarm clck tday and it makes a lud nise when it ges ff.I tested it ut t see if it still wrked，and sure enugh，it did.I dn't think anyne culd sleep thrugh a nise like that.
21.When he heard his mm was ging back t schl，Greg felt ______ .
A. prudB. surprisedC. excitedD. relaxed
22.What was Greg's task at hme？ ______
A. Lking after the plants.B. Making the iced tea.
C. Taking ut the rubbish.D. Cking the beef.
23.Frm the diary，we can learn that Greg's dad expected him t ______ .
A. build up self-cnfidence.B. becme mre respnsible
C. make friends with the neighbrs.D. get alng with his brthers
B
Have yu ever wndered why yu are gd at nticing things in yur envirnment that are pssibly dangerus？Defensive circuits，ne f ur brain systems，detect（察觉）signs that might suggest threats（威胁）and prepare the bdy t take quick actin，therefre increasing ur chances f staying alive.
Our defensive circuits are always n the lkut fr things that might be threats.
They lk fr certain features f bjects（物体）that make thse bjects stand ut frm the ther things arund them.Objects with these features are given pririty in ur brains；that is，we pay attentin t them befre ther things.S，hw exactly des ur threat detectin wrk？
First，the presence f a feature that culd suggest a threat grabs，r catches，ur attentin very quickly—it is an autmatic（自动的）prcess.Threat detectin happens s quickly because the threat infrmatin des nt have t g all the way arund the crtex （大脑皮层）.Yu can think f this as a shrtcut thrugh the brain，which gives us mre time t avid pssible threats.
Once we lk at smething that might be a threat，we ften find lking away t be very difficult—the threatening bject hlds ur attentin.This prcess is als autmatic，and its advantage is that it gives us mre time t cllect additinal details abut the pssible threat.Thse details are imprtant fr understanding whether we are facing a real threat and deciding hw t best deal with the situatin.
After we have recgnized the pssible threat，ur brains must ften make up fr the time we've spent examining it-we need t avid paying attentin t the threat，and then we can lk arund and prcess the rest f the envirnment.This can help us find additinal threats，r find a way ut.
Once we detect a threat，the defensive circuits prepare ur bdy t take actin.We make changes t ur emtins （fr example，feeling fear）and bdy functins （such as speeding up ur heartbeat）.Tgether，these changes allw us t act prperly in threatening situatins，increasing the likelihd that we will get away withut being harmed.
There are differences between peple n hw easily the defensive system is activated.Sme f us are frightened mre easily than thers，and it takes less t activate the defensive circuits.This，hwever，can be prblematic.Overly sensitive defensive circuits might stp wrking as they shuld when verused.
24.What can we learn abut the defensive circuits？ ______
A. They watch ut fr pssible danger.
B. They help us remember threat features.
C. They prmise us a happy and healthy life.
D. They easily stand ut frm ther brain systems.
25.What d ur brains d t make up fr the time spent examining pssible danger？ ______
A. Create additinal details immediately.
B. Activate a shrtcut thrugh the crtex.
C. Push ur bdy t make lasting changes.
D. Redirect ur attentin t the rest f the envirnment.
26.Which wuld be the best title fr the passage？ ______
A. Hw des yur brain wrk in varius situatins？
B. What makes us different when it cmes t facing threats？
C. Why are we verly sensitive t certain threatening bjects？
D. What happens in yur brain when yu ntice smething frightening？
C
On a Saturday afternn，yur best friend calls yu and says he needs help mving.Yu gladly shw up t help.When yu are dne，he hands yu sme mney，saying "Thanks fr yur help. "The situatin suddenly feels awkward（尴尬的）.
Why desn't direct payment fit the situatin？Accrding t ecnmist Dan Ariely，we live in tw wrlds—ne gverned by scial nrms（规范），and the ther characterized by market nrms.Scial nrms are part f ur scial nature.They include the friendly requests（请求）that peple make f ne anther and immediate payback is nt required.In the secnd wrld，where market nrms make the rules，peple wrk fr mney and get what they pay fr.Market relatinships are nt necessarily bad r mean，but they d suggest cmparable benefits and immediate payments.
When we keep scial nrms and market nrms n their separate paths，things mve alng smthly.Mrever，when scial and market nrms run int each ther，the results are nt satisfying.
There was an experiment invlving daycare center fines.Sme parents wuld arrive late t pick up their children，s fines were intrduced.Hwever，this made mre parents late.Befre the fine was intrduced，parents were srry fr keeping the teachers waiting，and this made them feel cmpelled t arrive n time in the future.But the intrductin f the fine replaced this scial nrm with a market nrm.Parents felt they were paying t be allwed t chse whether they wanted t be late.Even after the center remved the fine，the parents didn't return t scial nrms and the number f late pick-ups didn't drp.The result shwed a fact：when a special nrm runs int a market nrm，the scial nrm ges away and seldm returns.
Hwever，des this necessarily mean market nrms always have a bigger effect than scial nrms？Ariely perfrmed an experiment by paying peple ＄5 （Grup 1）r＄0.50（Grup 2）fr dragging （拖动）circles acrss a cmputer screen fr five minutes.With payment，he expected them t use market nrms in that situatin and act accrdingly.And t Grup 3，he intrduced the task as a scial request，just asking them fr help.The results shwed that Grup 1 dragged n average 159 circles，and Grup 2 dragged abut 101 circles.But the nes wh were paid nthing dragged 168 circles.When peple were paid，mtivatin（动力）and prductivity rse as pay rse，but peple wrked even harder under scial nrms than fr mney，Why？Because peple lve t feel that they have helped thers.
Mney is the mst expensive way t mtivate peple.Scial nrms are nt nly cheaper，but ften mre effective as well.Mney will take yu nly s far—scial nrms are the frces that can make a difference in the lng run.
27.Which f the fllwing examples fits within scial nrms？ ______
A. Paying a friend fr his vluntary help.
B. Fining a wrker because f his mistakes.
C. Offering a neighbr a free ride t the airprt.
D. Returning a prduct t get yur mney back.
28.The wrds " feel cmpelled t" in Paragraph 4 mst prbably mean ______ .
A. remain unwilling tB. think it necessary t
C. be afraid t.D. find it easy t
29.What can we learn abut Dan Anely's experiment in Paragraph 5？ ______
A. Ariely expected peple t help each ther t cmplete the task.
B. The result suggested wh shuld receive the highest payment.
C. Peple in the experiment acted accrding t the same nrms.
D. The experiment shwed the effects f the tw nrms.
30.Accrding t the passage，the writer prbably agrees that ______ .
A. scial nrms can play a great rle in sciety
B. market nrms aren't effective as they used t be
C. better perfrmance smetimes leads t lwer pay
D. peple shuld replace market nrms with scial nrms
四、任务型阅读-多任务混合：本大题共2小题，共16分。
31.阅读下列志愿活动介绍，请根据人物意愿匹配最适合的活动，并将其对应的 A 、B 、C 、D 选项填在相应的位置上。选项中有一项为多余选项。
(1)
(2)
(3)
32.The summer f 2023 saw recrd-breaking heatwaves acrss many parts f the wrld.As temperatures cntinue t rise，the effect f carbn emissins（碳排放）n the envirnment has becme a big prblem.Studies shw the travel industry is respnsible fr abut 10% f these emissins，with air travel alne causing abut 2.8% f them.
T address this prblem，Intrepid—a travel cmpany，has suggested a "carbn passprt" in its recent reprt.The idea behind it is that each traveler wuld have a yearly carbn limit，and nbdy can g ver that limit.Using carbn passprts means travelers will have t take fewer flights t lwer their "carbn ftprint"—the CO2 emissins frm their actins.At present，the carbn ftprint f each persn is abut fur tns yearly n average（平均）.T limit temperature rise t acceptable levels by 2050，ur gal shuld be belw tw tns.
In line with this gal，sme Eurpean cuntries are taking steps t reduce air travel.In France，lcal flights are canceled if the same trips can be made by train in 2.5 hurs r less.In Belgium，additinal charges（收费）are added t shrt-distance flights t encurage ther frms f travel.
Intrepid cnsiders the idea f a "carbn passprt" effective with mre peple invlved in.Travelers will receive infrmatin abut their carbn ftprints and change their travel habits.And businesses will be pushed t use mre green practices.Alex Hawkins，ne f the writers f the reprt，says， "These passprts will make us think mre abut hw ur trips influence the envirnment. "
When it cmes t mnitring everyne's carbn emissin，Anna Abelsn，a prfessr f the New Yrk University thinks it wuld be a challenge in terms f lgistics （统计）.Even if we wrk that ut，there are still sme wrries.Fr example，peple might nt be able t take jbs far away r visit family in ther cities as ften.Sme even wrry abut privacy and persnal freedm if we start mnitring and limiting peple's air travel.
"Getting everyne n bard with carbn passprts wn't be easy. "Hawkins added， "It wuld need supprt frm lts f different peple and grups all ver the wrld. " Hwever，even with the challenges，the idea f carbn passprts shws the need fr us t take actin tgether t fight climate change and make travel ec-friendlier.
(1) Which industry is respnsible fr abut 10% f the wrld's carbn emissins？
______
(2) What is the idea behind a "carbn passprt"？
______
(3) Hw des France reduce air travel？
______
(4) What d yu think f the idea f a "carbn passprt"？Why d yu think s？（ Please give tw reasns. ）
______
五、书面表达：本大题共2小题，共10分。
33.假设你是李华。你校交换生将与你们共同参加学校的外出活动。作为学生会主席，你将给他们做行前动员。请用英文写一篇讲话稿，告知他们外出的时间、地点和活动内容，以及相关的安全建议。
提示词语：park，climb，careful，avid
提示问题：● When and where will yu take the field trip？
● What activities are yu ging t d during the trip？
● What safety advice wuld yu like t give them？
Hell，everyne.I'm glad t tell yu that we are ging t take a field trip.
Hpe we can have a gd time.
34.初中三年，一定有很多课给你留下了深刻的印象。
假设你是李华。你校英文公众号正在开展以"My Mst Memrable Class"为主题的征文活动，请用英文写一篇文章投稿，介绍你最难忘的一节课，并谈谈这节课为什么令你难忘。
提示词语：science，music，experiment，sing，interesting
提示问题：● What was yur mst memrable class？
●Why was the class memrable？
My Mst Memrable Class
答案和解析
1.【答案】A
【解析】she她；he他；it它；they他们。and和，并列连词，连接两个并列成分；根据My sister likes drawing（我妹妹喜欢画画），可知此处应用人称代词主格she。
故选：A。
我妹妹喜欢画画，她将来想成为一名艺术家。
掌握人称代词主格的用法和含义是解答本题的关键。
2.【答案】C
【解析】A.在上；B.在下；C.在里；D.到达（某处）。in后接相对较大的地方，表示在某处，in the park（在公园）。
故选：C。
我喜欢在公园里锻炼时听音乐。
掌握介词的用法是解答本题的关键。
3.【答案】B
【解析】if如果，是否；but但是；because因为；r或者，否则。根据语境，可知前后文是转折关系，即披萨很好吃，但我已经吃饱了，因此用连词but，表示转折。
故选：B。
—琳达，你想要更多披萨吗？
—不，谢谢。披萨很好吃，但我已经吃饱了。
辨析连词的含义，结合语境，给出答案。
4.【答案】B
【解析】A必须；B能；C可以；D可能。根据N，I can't.（不，我不能）可知，此处是你能读懂街对面的标志吗？
故选：B。
--汤姆，你能读懂街对面的标志吗？
--不，我不能。
要求学生熟悉常见的情态动词的含义及用法，再根据题干即可作出选择。
5.【答案】D
【解析】句意：老舍是二十世纪中国最伟大的作家之一。根据题干，可知考查ne f the+形容词最高级+名词复数，表示最……之一。故选：D。
6.【答案】C
【解析】A什么时候，B什么，C为什么，D哪里。根据Because I missed the early train.（因为我错过了早班火车。）可知是问你为什么迟到了。
故选：C。
-你为什么迟到了？
-因为我错过了早班火车。
考查疑问副词，要牢记用法，根据题干，给出正确答案。
7.【答案】A
【解析】A选项是现在进行时；B选项是过去式；C选项是过去进行时；D选项是一般将来时。根据问句Where is Mary？（玛丽在哪儿），可知"此刻她正在帮老师们做海报"，所以用现在进行时，其构成是：am/is/are+现在分词，主语she是第三人称单数，be动词用is，help的现在分词是helping。
故选：A。
—玛丽在哪里？
—她现在正在帮老师们做海报。
解答此类试题时，务必根据题目的要求，在准确理解句子意思的前提下，结合语境确定时态。
8.【答案】A
【解析】have practiced是现在完成时；practice是动词原形，是一般现在时；were practicing是过去进行时；practiced是过去式，是一般过去时。根据句意和时间状语since last Mnday（自上周一以来）可知，此句表述过去发生的事情对现在造成的影响和结果，要用现在完成时，其构成为have/ has dne。
故选：A。
自上周一以来，学生们已经为这个节目做了很多练习。
对时态的考查，要求牢记各种时态的构成形式，结合时间状语和上下文的关系，找出正确答案。
9.【答案】D
【解析】A.现在进行时；B.现在完成时；C.一般现在时；D.过去进行时。根据题干可知，时间状语从句是When my friend called last night（昨晚我朋友打电话的时候），是过去的时间点，因此主句应该用过去进行时。
故选：D。
昨晚我朋友打电话的时候，我正在为五一假期制定计划。
考查过去进行时，在学习中要牢记过去进行时的句式。
10.【答案】B
【解析】have a match有一场比赛；A选项是过去式；B选项是动词原形；C选项是现在进行时；D选项是现在完成时；根据usually（通常）可知句子是一般现在时，主语是we，谓语动词用原形。
故选：B。
我在学校足球队里，通常我们在周六有一场比赛。
解答此类试题时，务必根据题目的要求，在准确理解句子意思的前提下，结合语境确定时态。
11.【答案】C
【解析】答案：C
根据句中in 2001判断句子为一般过去时，主语 The hspital 是谓语动词build的承受者，二者是被动关系，故用被动语态，所以空处为一般过去时的被动语态，一般过去时的被动语态的结构为was/were+及物动词的过去分词，故选C．
这家医院建于2001年．
做此类题，首先判断主语与谓语动词的关系，其次根据时间词判断时态，然后二者结合套用结构．
12.【答案】C
【解析】根据观察可知题干包含宾语从句。宾语从句使用陈述句语序，因此可先排除B和D。根据答语Next Tuesday afternn（下周二下午）可知询问的是时间，正确答案是C。
故选：C。
—你知道我们什么时候举办学校音乐会吗？
—下个周二下午。我们正期待着。
本题考查宾语从句的语序。
13~20.【答案】C、B、B、D、A、A、A、D
【解析】（1）考查名词。句意：我笑着对Rachel说，我把我骑马的一张照片张贴在教室的墙上。A.绘画；B.日记；C.照片；D.海报。根据下文 "I knw，lk at this ne!"Rachel pinted t the picture f us at age five.（"我知道，看看这个!"Rachel指着我们五岁时的照片。）可知，我把我骑马的一张照片张贴在教室的墙上。故选C。
（2）考查副词。句意：当我仔细看一张又一张照片时，从学龄前儿童到九年级学生，我开始看我周围的同学。A.礼貌地；B.仔细地；C.立即；D.愤怒地。根据句意和语境可知，我仔细看了一张又一张照片。故选B。
（3）考查动词。句意：我先是看了看Rachel，然后记得开学的第一天。A.发现；B.记住；C.比较；D.想象。根据下文When my mther left me，I just didn't knw what t d but cry.（当我妈妈离开我的时候，我不知道该怎么办，只能哭。）可知，我应该还记得开学的第一天。故选B。
（4）考查名词。句意：这引起了我的注意。A.耐心；B.建议；C.信息；D.注意。根据下文I started t play，and after a few minutes，I wasn't crying anymre.（我开始玩，几分钟后，我不再哭了。）可知，游戏吸引了我的注意。故选D。
（5）考查动词。句意：我回头看了看那些照片，我的目光落在了Tny的照片上。A.着陆；B.携带；C.黑暗；D.打开。根据下文Tny lives right next t me，and we have always been clse.（Tny就住在我隔壁，我们一直很亲密。）可知，我的目光应该落在了Tny的照片上。故选A。
（6）考查动词。句意：当我听到托尼说的时候，我觉得眼泪夺眶而出。A.跳跃；B.混合；C.井；D.移动。根据下文when I heard Tny say，"N，I want t play with Sarah.We're ging t play basketball. "（当我听到Tny说："不，我想和Sarah一起玩。我们要去打篮球。"）可知，我觉得眼泪夺眶而出。故选A。
（7）考查动词。句意：A.收集；B.改进；C.匹配；D.复制。根据句意和语境可知，那些年来我收集的无数记忆突然涌上心头。故选A。
（8）考查形容词。句意：A.奇怪的；B.严肃的；C.努力的；D.不同的。根据句意和语境可知，在每张照片中，我们每个人都处于不同的人生阶段，但我们总是面带微笑。故选D。
本文主要讲了通过看以前的旧照片引起的作者的回忆。
首先通读全文，了解文章大意，紧紧抓住上下文语境所提供的信息，然后明确词意，结合所学语法，运用排除法逐一选出答案，最后再通读全文核对答案。
21~23.【答案】B、C、B
【解析】（1）推理判断题。根据第一段She tld us that she was ging back t schl t start taking classes.Well，it was ttally ut f my expectatin.（她告诉我们她要回学校上课。这完全在我的意料之外。）可知Greg听到妈妈要回学校上课，他觉得很惊讶。故选B。
（2）细节理解题。根据第四段My task is taking ut the rubbish.（我的任务是倒垃圾。）可知Greg的任务是倒垃圾。故选C。
（3）推理判断题。根据倒数第三段Well，Dad is really serius abut me taking n mre respnsibility.（嗯，爸爸真的很认真，想让我承担更多的责任。）可知Greg的爸爸希望他更有责任心。故选B。
本文是Greg的日记，文中介绍了他妈妈返回学校后他在家里要做很多家务，爸爸认为这样可以让他更有责任心。
通读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容，仔细核对，选择符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查。
24~26.【答案】A、D、D
【解析】（1）推理判断题。根据文中第1段：Defensive circuits，ne f ur brain systems，detect（察觉）signs that might suggest threats（威胁）and prepare the bdy t take quick actin，therefre increasing ur chances f staying alive.（防御回路是我们的大脑系统之一，它可以检测到可能暗示威胁的迹象，并使身体准备好采取快速行动，因此增加了我们存活的机会。）可知，防御回路能小心可能的危险。故选A。
（2）推理判断题。根据文中第6段：After we have recgnized the pssible threat，ur brains must ften make up fr the time we've spent examining it-we need t avid paying attentin t the threat，and then we can lk arund and prcess the rest f the envirnment..（在我们认识到可能的威胁后，我们的大脑必须经常弥补我们花在检查它上的时间-我们需要避免关注威胁，然后我们可以环顾四周并处理环境的其余部分。）可知，我们的大脑通过将我们的注意力转移到环境的其他部分来弥补花在检查可能的危险上的时间。故选D。
（3）标题归纳题。根据文中第1段：Have yu ever wndered why yu are gd at nticing things in yur envirnment that are pssibly dangerus？Defensive circuits，ne f ur brain systems，detect（察觉）signs that might suggest threats（威胁）and prepare the bdy t take quick actin，therefre increasing ur chances f staying alive.（你有没有想过为什么你善于注意到你周围环境中可能有危险的东西？防御回路是我们的大脑系统之一，它可以检测到可能暗示威胁的迹象，并使身体准备好采取快速行动，因此增加了我们存活的机会。）以及通读全文可知，短文主要是介绍了大脑的防御回路以及它是如何发挥作用的。所以"当你注意到一些可怕的事情时，你的大脑会发生什么"可以作为标题。故选D。
短文主要是介绍了大脑的防御回路以及它是如何发挥作用的。
通读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容，仔细核对，选择符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查。
27~30.【答案】C、B、D、A
【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据第2段Scial nrms are part f ur scial nature.They include the friendly requests（请求）that peple make f ne anther and immediate payback is nt required.（社会规范是我们社会本性的一部分。它们包括人们彼此提出的友好请求，并且不需要立即回报。）可知，社会规范包括人们彼此提出的友好请求，并且不需要立即回报，故C选项"让邻居搭便车去机场"符合题意。故选C。
（2）词义猜测题。根据第4段Befre the fine was intrduced，parents were srry fr keeping the teachers waiting（在罚款出台之前，家长们对让老师久等感到抱歉）可知，他们会觉得以后必须按时到达。故推测"feel cmpelled t"应该是"必须"的意思，故选B。
（3）细节理解题。根据第5段Hwever，des this necessarily mean market nrms always have a bigger effect than scial nrms？Ariely perfrmed an experiment by paying peple ＄5 （Grup 1）r＄0.50（Grup 2）fr dragging （拖动）circles acrss a cmputer screen fr five minutes.（然而，这一定意味着市场规范总是比社会规范有更大的影响吗？Ariely做了一个实验，付给人们5美元（第一组）或0.5美元（第二组），让他们在电脑屏幕上拖动圆圈5分钟。）可知，实验显示了两种规范的影响。故选D。
（4）推理判断题。根据最后一段Scial nrms are nt nly cheaper，but ften mre effective as well.Mney will take yu nly s far—scial nrms are the frces that can make a difference in the lng run.（社会规范不仅更便宜，而且往往更有效。金钱只能带你走这么远—从长远来看，社会规范才是产生影响的力量。）可推知，社会规范可以在社会中发挥很大的作用。故选A。
本文主要介绍了我们生活在两个世界，一个由社会规范支配，另一个以市场规范为特征。
通读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容，仔细核对，选择符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查。
31.【答案】【小题1】A
【小题2】C
【小题3】D
【解析】（1）细节推理题。根据I'd like t help students wh are having truble with English and math.（我喜欢帮助学习英语和数学有困难的学生。）可知Mike喜欢帮助英语和数学有困难的学生。A选项"你喜欢教书吗？你喜欢和中学生待在一起吗？志愿教师对你来说是一个非常好的选择。需要社区教师。你可以给需要的同学教英语和数学。"符合题意。故选A。
（2）细节推理题。根据I'm interested in healthcare and willing t help ut in cmmunity hspitals.（我对健康护理感兴趣，愿意在社区医院帮忙。）可知Alice喜欢在帮助病人。C选项"如果你对医疗健康感兴趣，这个项目会吸引你。它包括在社区医院做志愿者，在他们需要帮助的时候，帮助病人和他们的家人。"符合题意。故选C。
（3）细节推理题。根据I like cats and dgs and hpe t d smething fr street animals.（我喜欢猫和狗，希望为流浪动物做点事情。）可知Jane喜欢帮助流浪动物。D选项"你喜欢照顾动物吗？如果你是，你可以花时间做这件事。每周花一到两个小时和我们一起工作，帮助流浪动物，或者在动物保护站工作支持动物。"符合题意。故选D。
A你喜欢教书吗？你喜欢和中学生待在一起吗？志愿教师对你来说是一个非常好的选择。需要社区教师。你可以给需要的同学教英语和数学。
B你有经验照顾老年人吗？帮助老年人并不适合所有人。如果你在这个领域工作，来加入我们。这个项目的活动包括在养老院帮助老年人。
C如果你对医疗健康感兴趣，这个项目会吸引你。它包括在社区医院做志愿者，在他们需要帮助的时候，帮助病人和他们的家人。
D你喜欢照顾动物吗？如果你是，你可以花时间做这件事。每周花一到两个小时和我们一起工作，帮助流浪动物，或者在动物保护站工作支持动物。
（1）我喜欢帮助学习英语和数学有困难的学生。
（2）我对健康护理感兴趣，愿意在社区医院帮忙。
（3）我喜欢猫和狗，希望为流浪动物做点事情。
主要考查学生的阅读理解能力及知识运用能力。答题时细节理解题可直接根据文中细节得出答案。
32.【答案】【小题1】The travel industry.
【小题2】The idea behind it is that each traveller wuld have a yearly carbn limit and nbdy can g ver that limit.
【小题3】By cancelling lcal flights if the same trips can be made by train in 2.5 hurs r less in France.
【小题4】I think it is great.Because it helps t reduceCO2 emissins and can change ur travel habits.
【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据第一段Studies shw the travel industry is respnsible fr abut 10% f these emissins（研究表明，旅游业约占这些排放量的10%）可知，旅游业的碳排放量约占世界的10%。故填The travel industry.
（2）细节理解题。根据第二段The idea behind it is that each traveler wuld have a yearly carbn limit，and nbdy can g ver that limit.（其背后的想法是，每个旅行者每年都有一个碳限额，没有人能超过这个限额。）可知，其背后的想法是，每个旅行者每年都有一个碳限额，没有人能超过这个限额。故填The idea behind it is that each traveller wuld have a yearly carbn limit and nbdy can g ver that limit.
（3）细节理解题。根据第三段In France，lcal flights are canceled if the same trips can be made by train in 2.5 hurs r less.In Belgium，additinal charges（收费）are added t shrt-distance flights t encurage ther frms f travel.（在法国，如果同样的旅行可以在2.5小时或更短的时间内乘坐火车，当地航班将被取消。在比利时，额外收费增加了短途航班，以鼓励其他形式的旅行。）可知，是通过取消当地航班，如果在法国可以在2.5小时或更短的时间内乘坐火车进行同样的旅行。故填By cancelling lcal flights if the same trips can be made by train in 2.5 hurs r less in France.
（4）观点表达题。我认为"碳护照"的想法很棒。因为它有利于减少二氧化碳的排放，并且可以改变我们的旅行习惯。故填I think it is great.Because it helps t reduceCO2 emissins and can change ur travel habits.
本文主要介绍了各国针对旅游业产生的碳排放问题所采取的措施。
答此类阅读题时，先弄清楚短文的主旨大意和文章的脉络，然后在文章中找到对应的信息，即可得出正确答案。
33.【答案】 Hell，everyne.I'm glad t tell yu that we are ging t take a field trip.We are ging t the park next Friday.We will first get tgether at the schl gate at 8 am，and g there tgether by bus.（将在何时何地进行实地考察）
We will be divided int several grups when we arrive at the park.【高分句型一】Then we will walk alng it and enjy the natural and histrical sights.After that，we will climb the hill in the park.We will als have a picnic there.（打算做什么活动）
By the way，I als have sme safety tips fr yu.First，please wear sprts shes t avid falling dwn.Secnd，be careful when yu climb the hill.【高分句型二】（安全建议）
Hpe we will have a gd time.（希望）
【解析】【高分句型一】
We will be divided int several grups when we arrive at the park.当我们到达公园时，我们将被分成几个小组。
when引导时间状语从句。
【高分句型二】
Secnd，be careful when yu climb the hill.第二，当你爬山的时候要小心。
when引导时间状语从句。
能够根据提示进行书面表达，能够围绕主题准确使用一定的语法、词汇、短语和句型等，清楚连贯地表达自己的思想，进而完成写作任务。
34.【答案】My Mst Memrable Class We have had thusands f lessns in middle schl.Sme f them have left a deep impressin n me.Amng them，the mst memrable ne is a physics class I had last term.
In the class，ur physics teacher Mr.Liu brught sme materials and asked us t use them t d an experiment.I was cnfident that I culd d a gd jb，because I had wrked ut all f the experiment hmewrk prblems.【高分句型一】I ffered t perfrm the experiment in frnt f the whle class.Hwever，I just culdn't put what I had learnt int practice n matter hw hard I tried.As yu can imagine，I was s embarrassed!（我最难忘的一节课：在课堂上，我们的物理老师刘先生带来了一些材料，让我们用它们做一个实验。我有信心我能做得很好，因为我已经解决了所有的实验家庭作业问题。我主动提出在全班同学面前做实验。然而，无论我多么努力，我都无法将所学付诸实践。你可以想象，我当时很尴尬！）
The physics class was really memrable because l learned an imprtant life lessn frm it-real knwledge cmes frm practice.I als learned t be mdest and prudent，which will psitively influence my future life.【高分句型二】（为什么难忘：我也学会了谦虚和谨慎，这将对我未来的生活产生积极影响。）
【解析】【高分句型一】
I was cnfident that I culd d a gd jb，because I had wrked ut all f the experiment hmewrk prblems.我有信心我能做得很好，因为我已经解决了所有的实验家庭作业问题。because引导的原因状语从句。
【高分句型二】
I als learned t be mdest and prudent，which will psitively influence my future life.我也学会了谦虚和谨慎，这将对我未来的生活产生积极影响。which引导的定语从句。
能够根据提示进行书面表达，能够围绕主题准确使用一定的语法、词汇、短语和句型等，清楚连贯地表达自己的思想，进而完成写作任务。A
D yu enjy teaching？D yu like spending time with middle schl students？Vlunteer teaching is a perfect chice fr yu if yu d.Teachers in the cmmunity are needed.Yu can teach English and math t students wh need help.
B
D yu have experience taking care f the elderly？Wrking t help the elderly isn't fr everyne.If yu have wrked in this field，cme and jin us.The activities in this prject include helping the elderly in nursing hmes.
C
If yu are interested in the medical field and healthcare，this prject may interest yu.It includes activities like vlunteering in cmmunity hspitals，and giving a helping hand t the sick and their families while they are seeing dctrs.
D
D yu like taking care f animals？If yu d，yu can vlunteer yur time with them.Please spend ne r tw hurs every week wrking with us t help street animals，r wrk at an animal shelter t supprt animal rights.

（1） ______
I'd like t help students wh are having truble with English and math.
（2） ______
I'm interested in healthcare and willing t help ut in cmmunity hspitals.
（3） ______
I like cats and dgs and hpe t d smething fr street animals.