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译林版高中英语选择性必修第二册UNIT2教学知识细解码学案
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这是一份译林版高中英语选择性必修第二册UNIT2教学知识细解码学案，共13页。
1．participate vi. 参加，参与→participation n. 参加；参与→participant n. 参加者，参与者2．compete vi. 参加比赛；竞争→competition n. 竞争；比赛→competitive adj.竞争的；有竞争性的→competitor n. 竞争者3．diverse adj. 多种多样的，不同的→diversity n．多种多样；多样性4．motivate vt. 激励，激发；成为……的动机，是……的原因→motivated adj. 积极的；主动的 →motivation n. 动力；积极性；动机5．demonstrate vt. 表现，表露；证实，证明；示范，演示 vi. 游行示威 →demonstration n. 表示，表露；演示；示威，游行→demonstrator n. 示威者，游行者→demonstrable adj. 可表明的，可证实的6．faith n. 信心；宗教信仰→faithful adj. 忠实的；守信的→faithfully adv. 忠实地7．ambition n. 追求的目标，夙愿；野心，雄心，壮志→ambitious adj. 有野心的；有雄心的8．fellow adj.同类的，同情况的，同伴的 n．同辈，同类；男人，家伙→fellowship n．伙伴关系；友谊；交情1．demonstrate vt. 表现，表露；证实，证明；示范，演示vi. 游行示威①These results demonstrate convincingly that our campaign is working. 证实，证明②Her job involves demonstrating new educational software. 示范，演示③They are demonstrating in favour of free higher education. 游行示威④You need to demonstrate more selfcontrol. 表现2．rank vi.& vt. 属于某等级，把……分等级；排列，使排成行 n. 地位，级别；排，列；等级；军衔①The tasks have been ranked in order of difficulty. 把……分等级②She was not used to mixing with people of high social rank. 地位③She ranked her students according to their grades. 排列 eq \a\vs4\al(知识要点1) participate vi. 参加，参与[例]I'm eager to participate in such a meaningful activity，for I am fond of reading various books and ready to share my books with others.我渴望参加这么有意义的活动，因为我喜欢读各种各样的书，喜欢与他人分享我的书。[归纳拓展](1)participate in 参加；参与participate with sb.in sth. 与某人分担……； 同某人一起参与某事(2)participation n. 参加；参与participant n. 参加者；共享者[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子①The study by the university showed that walking helped participants (participate)sleep better and feel more alert during the day.②Many countries participated in searching (search)for the missing plane.③Everyone in class is expected to participate in these discussions.④I sincerely hope that the festival will be a great success and I'm looking forward to your participation (participate).⑤两队每天都要训练两小时，并定期参加比赛。Both teams train for two hours a day and participate in competitions regularly． eq \a\vs4\al(知识要点2) compete vi. 参加比赛；竞争[例]Traditional bookstores can't compete with large bookstore chains.传统书店无法与大型连锁书店竞争。[归纳拓展](1)compete in 参加……比赛；在……方面竞争compete for 为……而竞争compete with/against... 与……竞争/抗争(2)competition n. 比赛competitive adj. 有竞争力的competitor n. 竞争者；对手[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子①Small shops can't compete in prices with big ones.②I'm afraid I might not make it if I want to compete for first place.③Living in a highly competitive (compete)society，you definitely have to arm yourself with modern technology and skills.④我们可以和来自其他大学的学生在辩论比赛或演讲比赛中竞争。We can compete with/against students from other universities in debate contests or speech contests. eq \a\vs4\al(知识要点3) motivate vt. 激励，激发；成为……的动机，是……的原因[例]As far as I am concerned，not only will her generosity help those in need realize their dreams and rebuild faith in life，but also it will motivate more people to participate in such a good deed.在我看来，她的慷慨不仅能帮助那些处于困境的人实现梦想、重拾生活信心，而且还能激励更多的人加入这样的善举。[归纳拓展](1)motivate sb.to do sth. 成为某人做某事的动机； 激发/激励某人做某事(2)motivated adj. 积极的；有动机的(3)motivation n. 动力；积极性；动机motivation for (doing)sth. 做某事的动机[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子①If a student lacks the motivation (motivate)to study，he will quickly become tired of studying.②Soon，I became one of the top students in my class，which made me become confident and motivated (motivate).③What was your motivation for becoming a teacher!④利润分红计划旨在激励员工努力工作。The profitsharing plan is designed to motivate the staff to work hard． eq \a\vs4\al(知识要点4) applaud vt.& vi. 称赞，赞许；鼓掌[例]When he finished his speech，the audience applauded.当他结束演讲时，听众鼓起了掌。[归纳拓展](1)applaud loudly 大声鼓掌applaud sb.for 称赞某人的……；因为……而赞赏某人(2)applause n. 鼓掌[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子①They applauded Jack for his courage.②They rewarded the champion with some flowers and applause/applauded (applaud)when the match ended.③我们难道不应该为这样的勇气和精神鼓掌吗？Shouldn't we applaud for such braveness and spirits? eq \a\vs4\al(知识要点5) consistent adj. 一致的，始终如一的；连续的[例]Now make comments on your partner's story and see whether the language style is consistent.现在对你同伴的故事进行评论，看看语言风格是否一致。[归纳拓展](1)be consistent with 与……一致(2)consistently adv. 一贯地；始终如一地(3)consist v. 由……组成consist of 由……组成consist in＝lie in 存在于；在于consist with 与……一致/相符[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子①Most food webs，for instance，consist of many weak links rather than a few strong ones.②Listening is thus an active，not a passive behavior consisting (consist)of hearing，understanding and remembering.③If what you say is not consistent with what you do，it will have a bad effect on your children.④信息与报纸中的说法一致。The information consists with/is consistent with what is said in the newspaper. eq \a\vs4\al(知识要点6) call on sb.to do sth.正式邀请某人做某事；请求某人做某事[例]This song is used to call on the people to take up the struggle.这首歌被用来号召人民起来斗争。[归纳拓展]call on/upon 拜访(某人)；号召call at 拜访(某个地点)call for 需求；需要；去接(某人)call off 取消；停止call up 给……打电话；使……回忆起call in 叫(某人)进来；来访；找(请)来； 用电话通知[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子①The saying concerning friendship calls up one unforgettable thing that I went through last year.②A wellwritten composition calls for a good choice of words and clear organization among other things.③The makers have called in some cars with dangerous faults.④号召你的朋友加入到协会来吧！Call on/upon your friends to take part in the association! eq \a\vs4\al(知识要点7) election n. 选举，推选；当选[例]He has already stated his intention to run for the election.他已声明打算参加竞选。[归纳拓展](1)run for an election 参加竞选(2)elect vt. 选举；推选elect sb.to... 选举某人进入……elect sb.as/to be... 选举某人为……elect to do sth. 选择做某事[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子①After she lost the election (elect)，her influence on the public was in decline.②It is said that only two students will be elected to take (take)part in the coming English Contest.③She became the first black woman to be elected to the Senate (参议院).④我英语掌握得很好，因此我被选为英语老师的助手。I have such a good command of English that I am elected as/to be an assistant to my English teacher. eq \a\vs4\al(知识要点8) faith n. 信心；宗教信仰[例] Art is influenced by the customs and faith of a people.艺术受一个民族的生活习俗和信仰影响。[归纳拓展](1)have faith in sb./sth. 对某人/某事有信心lose faith in 不再信任；对……失去信心(2)faithful adj. 忠实的be faithful to sb./sth. 忠实于某人/某事(3)faithfully adv. 忠实地[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子①The public in that country has lost faith in the government thoroughly.②He remained faithful to the ideals of the party.③I have been a faithful (faith)reader of your newspaper for many years.④I have great faith in her ability(对她的能力很有信心)，and she won't let me down. eq \a\vs4\al(知识要点9) ambition n. 追求的目标，夙愿；野心，雄心，壮志[例]My ambition is to set up a business in China after graduation.我的志向是毕业后在中国创业。[归纳拓展](1)have an ambition for sth. 渴望获得某物have an ambition to do sth./of doing sth. 有想做某事的愿望(2)ambitious adj. 有野心的；有雄心的be ambitious for(power，social position，etc.) 渴望(权力、社会地位等)be ambitious to do sth. 渴望做某事[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子①His latest book is more ambitious (ambition)and serious than his earlier books.② As your son grows you also age，and your ambitions (ambitious)become more unachievable.③He has an ambition for power.④没有什么能阻止他实现他的抱负。Nothing would stop him from achieving/realizing/fulfilling his ambition． eq \a\vs4\al(知识要点10) relay n. 接力赛 vt. 转发(信息、消息等)；播放，转播[例]Soon after that I ran a relay race during an important high school track and field meet.不久前，在学校一次重要的田径运动会上，我参加了接力赛。[归纳拓展](1)relay sth.to sb. 转达某物给某人(2)work in relays 轮班工作a relay race 接力赛[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子①The concert will be relayed(relay)to a worldwide television audience estimated at one thousand million.②Many groups of workers were sent in relays(relay).③Please relay the news to the villagers.④这个金属塔是用于向遥远的村子转播电视信号的。This metal tower is used to relay television signals to distant villages. eq \a\vs4\al(重点句式1) until引导时间状语从句(教材原句P16)The ancient Olympic Games were held at Olympia in Greece every four years for almost 12 centuries，until they eventually died out around the year 393.在将近12个世纪的时间里，古代奥林匹克运动会每四年在希腊的奥林匹亚举行一次，直到393年左右才结束。[句式分析] 句中until引导的是时间状语从句。[例1]He got a firm hold of a branch until we came to his rescue.他紧紧抓住一根树枝直到我们把他救下来。[例2]His mother couldn't buy him a piano until he was seven.直到7岁，他母亲才给他买了一架钢琴。[归纳拓展](1)until用于肯定句时，表示主句的动作到until所表示的时间结束，所以主句的谓语动词必须为延续性动词。until用于否定句时，意思是“直到……才”，即表示主句的动作到until所表示的时间才开始，主句的谓语动词用短暂性动词。(2)not until可用于强调句型，其构成为：It is/was not until...that...(3)若将not until引导的从句置于句首，此时主句要用部分倒装。[即学即练] 单句语法填空/句型转换①He didn't realize the importance of English until he began to work.②It was not until she got home that Jennifer realized she had lost her keys.③They didn't encourage the development of tourismrelated activities in the rural areas until recently.→Not until recently did they encourage the development of tourismrelated activities in the rural areas. eq \a\vs4\al(重点句式2) 强调句型(教材原句P16)It was a Frenchman，Pierre de Coubertin，who brought the Olympics back to life.是一位叫皮埃尔·德·顾拜旦的法国人使奥运会重现生机。[句式分析] 该句是一个强调句型。强调的是主语a Frenchman，Pierre de Coubertin。强调句型的构成：It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who...[例1]It was my sister who first had the idea to cycle along the entire Mekong River from where it begins to where it ends.是我的姐姐首先想到沿湄公河从源头到终点骑自行车旅游的。[例2]It's the time you spent on your rose that makes your rose so important.你在玫瑰花上花费的时间使你的玫瑰花变得如此重要。[归纳拓展](1)基本句式：It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他部分．(2)一般疑问句：Is/Was it＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他部分？(3)特殊疑问句：疑问词＋is/was it＋that＋其他部分？(4)not...until...句型的强调句：It is/was not until＋被强调部分＋that＋其他部分．[名师点津] (1)强调句型通常用来强调句子的主语、宾语、状语等，不能强调谓语。对句子的谓语动词强调时用“do/does/did＋动词原形”。(2)判断句子是否为强调句型的方法：把it is/was和that/who去掉，再把被强调部分归位到它本来的位置，句子完整，则为强调句。[即学即练] 单句语法填空/句型转换①You are waiting at a wrong place.It is at the hotel that the coach picks up tourists.②Was it because Jack came late for school that Mr.Smith got angry?③It was only after the war broke out that people realized the importance of peace.④He didn't realize the importance of study until he lost his job.→It was not until he lost his job that he realized the importance of study.→Not until he lost his job did he realize the importance of study. eq \a\vs4\al(重点句式3) 动词不定式短语作定语(教材原句P17) At the 2004 Athens Olympic Games，Liu Xiang became the first Asian to win the gold medal in the men's 110metre hurdles，while at the 2016 Rio Olympic Games，the Chinese women's volleyball team won a hardfought victory in the final.在2004年雅典奥运会上，刘翔成为首位夺得男子110米栏金牌的亚洲人，而在2016年里约奥运会上，中国女排在决赛中获得了一场艰难的胜利。[句式分析] 句中 to win the gold medal为动词不定式短语作定语，修饰the first Asian。[例1]She immediately became the first woman ever to be hired as a resident physician in the OBGYN department of the PUMC Hospital.她立刻成为第一个被聘为北京协和医学院妇产科住院医师的女性。[例2]In 1931，Addams became the second American woman to win the Nobel Peace Prize.1931年，亚当斯成为第二个赢得诺贝尔和平奖的美国女性。[归纳拓展](1)当中心词是序数词或被序数词、形容词最高级以及the next，the only，the last等修饰时，常用不定式作后置定语。(2)动词不定式作定语用来修饰的词是抽象名词，常见的有：ability，chance，ambition，offer，anxiety，answer，reply，attempt，belief等。[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子①If I have any further news，you will be the first person to know (know).②He is always the first to bear(bear)hardships and the last to enjoy(enjoy)comforts.③There was no signal in that faraway village and all my attempts to contact (contact)you failed.④我儿子高兴地对我说他是他们班第三个完成作业并且唯一得满分的人。My son told me gladly that he was the third person to finish his homework and the only one to get full marks in their class.Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．He is a newly elected (elect) representative.2．Details of the competition are available at all participating (participate) stores.3．As far as I am concerned, she's a highly motivated (motivate) student.4．He remained faithful (faith) to the ideals of the party during the rest of his life.5．We were given a brief demonstration (demonstrate) of the computer's functions.6．The event was organized jointly (joint) by all the students and the staff concerned in the school.7．It is widely known that Chinese parents are very ambitious(ambition) for their children.8．The species has nearly died out because its habitat is being destroyed.9．The results are entirely consistent with our earlier research.10．I applaud her for having the courage to refuse.Ⅱ.短语填空take place；be recognized as；die out；bring...back to life；devote...to；lead to；call on；in addition to；for the first time；a wide range of1．If you are in the absence of social skills，it can lead to many problems.2．After the earthquake，the villagers tried their best to bring the village back to life．3．Otherwise，you will be recognized as a human and not a selfish person in cold blood.4．Are you nervous when you give performances to strangers for the first time?5．As we all know，the 31st Summer Olympics took place in Brazil in 2016.6．Because she devotes herself to teaching the deaf children，the young lady has little time to care for her own daughter.7．We have a wide range of choices such as travelling and visiting our relatives or friends.8．We need three more chairs in addition to these two.9．With the living environment becoming worse and worse，many of the earth's species are dying out．10．Because pollution caused by plastic bags is increasing，we call on people to use cloth bags and baskets instead of plastic bags.Ⅲ.课文语法填空The Olympic Games are an extraordinary sporting event which are held every four years for thousands of highly trained and 1.extremely talented athletes from different countries across the world.The Olympic Games have 2. a long history. The ancient Olympic Games began in the year 776 BCE when only Greek men were allowed to participate and died out around the year 393. It was a Frenchman, Pierre de Coubertin, 3.who/that brought the Olympics back to life. The modern Olympics were first held in 1896, in Athens.Many talented 4.athletes(athlete) made their contributions to the Olympic Games. The boxer Cassius Clay won the light heavyweight gold medal for the USA during the 1960 Rome Olympics. Afterwards, he 5.returned(return) to the 1996 Atlanta Olympic Games to light the Olympic flame at the opening ceremony. Jessica EnnisHill is a former track and field athlete from the UK, who won an Olympic gold medal in her home country in 2012.China and Chinese athletes make an outstanding 6.contribution(contribute) to the Olympic Games. In addition to 7.hosting(host) the 2008 Beijing Olympics, China also 8.ranked (rank) first in the medal table. Xu Haifeng won our country's firstever gold medal. Then Liu Xiang became the first Asian 9.to win(win)the gold medal in the men's 110metre hurdles at the 2004 Athens Olympic Games. The Chinese women's volleyball team won a hardfought victory in the final at the 2016 Rio Olympic Games. Beijing has won the 10.election(elect) to host the 2022 Winter Olympics. 教材高考1.They competed in such events as boxing, running and the long jump.(2021·浙江1月卷)In the pumpkin field, I compete with my three brothers and sister to seek out the biggest pumpkin.2.For over a century, people from diverse backgrounds have made joint efforts to help realize Coubertin's dream.(2021·浙江卷)Diverse methods were adopted during training.3.He came to public attention during the 1960 Rome Olympics, when he won the light heavyweight gold medal for the USA, demonstrating great talent and personality in the process.(2021·天津卷)At the Chinese art festival, there are different stands where artists demonstrate their skills and teach the visitors.4.In addition to hosting the Olympics for the first time, China also ranked first in the medal table.(2021·全国乙卷)For the biggest stadiums in the world, we have used data supplied by the World Atlas list so far, which ranks them by their stated permanent capacity, as well as updated information from official stadium websites.5.Since then the upward trend for Chinese sport has been unstoppable.(2021·浙江卷)In the past few years, an increasing number of people and organisations have begun coming up with plans to counter this trend.
1．participate vi. 参加，参与→participation n. 参加；参与→participant n. 参加者，参与者2．compete vi. 参加比赛；竞争→competition n. 竞争；比赛→competitive adj.竞争的；有竞争性的→competitor n. 竞争者3．diverse adj. 多种多样的，不同的→diversity n．多种多样；多样性4．motivate vt. 激励，激发；成为……的动机，是……的原因→motivated adj. 积极的；主动的 →motivation n. 动力；积极性；动机5．demonstrate vt. 表现，表露；证实，证明；示范，演示 vi. 游行示威 →demonstration n. 表示，表露；演示；示威，游行→demonstrator n. 示威者，游行者→demonstrable adj. 可表明的，可证实的6．faith n. 信心；宗教信仰→faithful adj. 忠实的；守信的→faithfully adv. 忠实地7．ambition n. 追求的目标，夙愿；野心，雄心，壮志→ambitious adj. 有野心的；有雄心的8．fellow adj.同类的，同情况的，同伴的 n．同辈，同类；男人，家伙→fellowship n．伙伴关系；友谊；交情1．demonstrate vt. 表现，表露；证实，证明；示范，演示vi. 游行示威①These results demonstrate convincingly that our campaign is working. 证实，证明②Her job involves demonstrating new educational software. 示范，演示③They are demonstrating in favour of free higher education. 游行示威④You need to demonstrate more selfcontrol. 表现2．rank vi.& vt. 属于某等级，把……分等级；排列，使排成行 n. 地位，级别；排，列；等级；军衔①The tasks have been ranked in order of difficulty. 把……分等级②She was not used to mixing with people of high social rank. 地位③She ranked her students according to their grades. 排列 eq \a\vs4\al(知识要点1) participate vi. 参加，参与[例]I'm eager to participate in such a meaningful activity，for I am fond of reading various books and ready to share my books with others.我渴望参加这么有意义的活动，因为我喜欢读各种各样的书，喜欢与他人分享我的书。[归纳拓展](1)participate in 参加；参与participate with sb.in sth. 与某人分担……； 同某人一起参与某事(2)participation n. 参加；参与participant n. 参加者；共享者[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子①The study by the university showed that walking helped participants (participate)sleep better and feel more alert during the day.②Many countries participated in searching (search)for the missing plane.③Everyone in class is expected to participate in these discussions.④I sincerely hope that the festival will be a great success and I'm looking forward to your participation (participate).⑤两队每天都要训练两小时，并定期参加比赛。Both teams train for two hours a day and participate in competitions regularly． eq \a\vs4\al(知识要点2) compete vi. 参加比赛；竞争[例]Traditional bookstores can't compete with large bookstore chains.传统书店无法与大型连锁书店竞争。[归纳拓展](1)compete in 参加……比赛；在……方面竞争compete for 为……而竞争compete with/against... 与……竞争/抗争(2)competition n. 比赛competitive adj. 有竞争力的competitor n. 竞争者；对手[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子①Small shops can't compete in prices with big ones.②I'm afraid I might not make it if I want to compete for first place.③Living in a highly competitive (compete)society，you definitely have to arm yourself with modern technology and skills.④我们可以和来自其他大学的学生在辩论比赛或演讲比赛中竞争。We can compete with/against students from other universities in debate contests or speech contests. eq \a\vs4\al(知识要点3) motivate vt. 激励，激发；成为……的动机，是……的原因[例]As far as I am concerned，not only will her generosity help those in need realize their dreams and rebuild faith in life，but also it will motivate more people to participate in such a good deed.在我看来，她的慷慨不仅能帮助那些处于困境的人实现梦想、重拾生活信心，而且还能激励更多的人加入这样的善举。[归纳拓展](1)motivate sb.to do sth. 成为某人做某事的动机； 激发/激励某人做某事(2)motivated adj. 积极的；有动机的(3)motivation n. 动力；积极性；动机motivation for (doing)sth. 做某事的动机[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子①If a student lacks the motivation (motivate)to study，he will quickly become tired of studying.②Soon，I became one of the top students in my class，which made me become confident and motivated (motivate).③What was your motivation for becoming a teacher!④利润分红计划旨在激励员工努力工作。The profitsharing plan is designed to motivate the staff to work hard． eq \a\vs4\al(知识要点4) applaud vt.& vi. 称赞，赞许；鼓掌[例]When he finished his speech，the audience applauded.当他结束演讲时，听众鼓起了掌。[归纳拓展](1)applaud loudly 大声鼓掌applaud sb.for 称赞某人的……；因为……而赞赏某人(2)applause n. 鼓掌[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子①They applauded Jack for his courage.②They rewarded the champion with some flowers and applause/applauded (applaud)when the match ended.③我们难道不应该为这样的勇气和精神鼓掌吗？Shouldn't we applaud for such braveness and spirits? eq \a\vs4\al(知识要点5) consistent adj. 一致的，始终如一的；连续的[例]Now make comments on your partner's story and see whether the language style is consistent.现在对你同伴的故事进行评论，看看语言风格是否一致。[归纳拓展](1)be consistent with 与……一致(2)consistently adv. 一贯地；始终如一地(3)consist v. 由……组成consist of 由……组成consist in＝lie in 存在于；在于consist with 与……一致/相符[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子①Most food webs，for instance，consist of many weak links rather than a few strong ones.②Listening is thus an active，not a passive behavior consisting (consist)of hearing，understanding and remembering.③If what you say is not consistent with what you do，it will have a bad effect on your children.④信息与报纸中的说法一致。The information consists with/is consistent with what is said in the newspaper. eq \a\vs4\al(知识要点6) call on sb.to do sth.正式邀请某人做某事；请求某人做某事[例]This song is used to call on the people to take up the struggle.这首歌被用来号召人民起来斗争。[归纳拓展]call on/upon 拜访(某人)；号召call at 拜访(某个地点)call for 需求；需要；去接(某人)call off 取消；停止call up 给……打电话；使……回忆起call in 叫(某人)进来；来访；找(请)来； 用电话通知[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子①The saying concerning friendship calls up one unforgettable thing that I went through last year.②A wellwritten composition calls for a good choice of words and clear organization among other things.③The makers have called in some cars with dangerous faults.④号召你的朋友加入到协会来吧！Call on/upon your friends to take part in the association! eq \a\vs4\al(知识要点7) election n. 选举，推选；当选[例]He has already stated his intention to run for the election.他已声明打算参加竞选。[归纳拓展](1)run for an election 参加竞选(2)elect vt. 选举；推选elect sb.to... 选举某人进入……elect sb.as/to be... 选举某人为……elect to do sth. 选择做某事[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子①After she lost the election (elect)，her influence on the public was in decline.②It is said that only two students will be elected to take (take)part in the coming English Contest.③She became the first black woman to be elected to the Senate (参议院).④我英语掌握得很好，因此我被选为英语老师的助手。I have such a good command of English that I am elected as/to be an assistant to my English teacher. eq \a\vs4\al(知识要点8) faith n. 信心；宗教信仰[例] Art is influenced by the customs and faith of a people.艺术受一个民族的生活习俗和信仰影响。[归纳拓展](1)have faith in sb./sth. 对某人/某事有信心lose faith in 不再信任；对……失去信心(2)faithful adj. 忠实的be faithful to sb./sth. 忠实于某人/某事(3)faithfully adv. 忠实地[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子①The public in that country has lost faith in the government thoroughly.②He remained faithful to the ideals of the party.③I have been a faithful (faith)reader of your newspaper for many years.④I have great faith in her ability(对她的能力很有信心)，and she won't let me down. eq \a\vs4\al(知识要点9) ambition n. 追求的目标，夙愿；野心，雄心，壮志[例]My ambition is to set up a business in China after graduation.我的志向是毕业后在中国创业。[归纳拓展](1)have an ambition for sth. 渴望获得某物have an ambition to do sth./of doing sth. 有想做某事的愿望(2)ambitious adj. 有野心的；有雄心的be ambitious for(power，social position，etc.) 渴望(权力、社会地位等)be ambitious to do sth. 渴望做某事[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子①His latest book is more ambitious (ambition)and serious than his earlier books.② As your son grows you also age，and your ambitions (ambitious)become more unachievable.③He has an ambition for power.④没有什么能阻止他实现他的抱负。Nothing would stop him from achieving/realizing/fulfilling his ambition． eq \a\vs4\al(知识要点10) relay n. 接力赛 vt. 转发(信息、消息等)；播放，转播[例]Soon after that I ran a relay race during an important high school track and field meet.不久前，在学校一次重要的田径运动会上，我参加了接力赛。[归纳拓展](1)relay sth.to sb. 转达某物给某人(2)work in relays 轮班工作a relay race 接力赛[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子①The concert will be relayed(relay)to a worldwide television audience estimated at one thousand million.②Many groups of workers were sent in relays(relay).③Please relay the news to the villagers.④这个金属塔是用于向遥远的村子转播电视信号的。This metal tower is used to relay television signals to distant villages. eq \a\vs4\al(重点句式1) until引导时间状语从句(教材原句P16)The ancient Olympic Games were held at Olympia in Greece every four years for almost 12 centuries，until they eventually died out around the year 393.在将近12个世纪的时间里，古代奥林匹克运动会每四年在希腊的奥林匹亚举行一次，直到393年左右才结束。[句式分析] 句中until引导的是时间状语从句。[例1]He got a firm hold of a branch until we came to his rescue.他紧紧抓住一根树枝直到我们把他救下来。[例2]His mother couldn't buy him a piano until he was seven.直到7岁，他母亲才给他买了一架钢琴。[归纳拓展](1)until用于肯定句时，表示主句的动作到until所表示的时间结束，所以主句的谓语动词必须为延续性动词。until用于否定句时，意思是“直到……才”，即表示主句的动作到until所表示的时间才开始，主句的谓语动词用短暂性动词。(2)not until可用于强调句型，其构成为：It is/was not until...that...(3)若将not until引导的从句置于句首，此时主句要用部分倒装。[即学即练] 单句语法填空/句型转换①He didn't realize the importance of English until he began to work.②It was not until she got home that Jennifer realized she had lost her keys.③They didn't encourage the development of tourismrelated activities in the rural areas until recently.→Not until recently did they encourage the development of tourismrelated activities in the rural areas. eq \a\vs4\al(重点句式2) 强调句型(教材原句P16)It was a Frenchman，Pierre de Coubertin，who brought the Olympics back to life.是一位叫皮埃尔·德·顾拜旦的法国人使奥运会重现生机。[句式分析] 该句是一个强调句型。强调的是主语a Frenchman，Pierre de Coubertin。强调句型的构成：It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who...[例1]It was my sister who first had the idea to cycle along the entire Mekong River from where it begins to where it ends.是我的姐姐首先想到沿湄公河从源头到终点骑自行车旅游的。[例2]It's the time you spent on your rose that makes your rose so important.你在玫瑰花上花费的时间使你的玫瑰花变得如此重要。[归纳拓展](1)基本句式：It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他部分．(2)一般疑问句：Is/Was it＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他部分？(3)特殊疑问句：疑问词＋is/was it＋that＋其他部分？(4)not...until...句型的强调句：It is/was not until＋被强调部分＋that＋其他部分．[名师点津] (1)强调句型通常用来强调句子的主语、宾语、状语等，不能强调谓语。对句子的谓语动词强调时用“do/does/did＋动词原形”。(2)判断句子是否为强调句型的方法：把it is/was和that/who去掉，再把被强调部分归位到它本来的位置，句子完整，则为强调句。[即学即练] 单句语法填空/句型转换①You are waiting at a wrong place.It is at the hotel that the coach picks up tourists.②Was it because Jack came late for school that Mr.Smith got angry?③It was only after the war broke out that people realized the importance of peace.④He didn't realize the importance of study until he lost his job.→It was not until he lost his job that he realized the importance of study.→Not until he lost his job did he realize the importance of study. eq \a\vs4\al(重点句式3) 动词不定式短语作定语(教材原句P17) At the 2004 Athens Olympic Games，Liu Xiang became the first Asian to win the gold medal in the men's 110metre hurdles，while at the 2016 Rio Olympic Games，the Chinese women's volleyball team won a hardfought victory in the final.在2004年雅典奥运会上，刘翔成为首位夺得男子110米栏金牌的亚洲人，而在2016年里约奥运会上，中国女排在决赛中获得了一场艰难的胜利。[句式分析] 句中 to win the gold medal为动词不定式短语作定语，修饰the first Asian。[例1]She immediately became the first woman ever to be hired as a resident physician in the OBGYN department of the PUMC Hospital.她立刻成为第一个被聘为北京协和医学院妇产科住院医师的女性。[例2]In 1931，Addams became the second American woman to win the Nobel Peace Prize.1931年，亚当斯成为第二个赢得诺贝尔和平奖的美国女性。[归纳拓展](1)当中心词是序数词或被序数词、形容词最高级以及the next，the only，the last等修饰时，常用不定式作后置定语。(2)动词不定式作定语用来修饰的词是抽象名词，常见的有：ability，chance，ambition，offer，anxiety，answer，reply，attempt，belief等。[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子①If I have any further news，you will be the first person to know (know).②He is always the first to bear(bear)hardships and the last to enjoy(enjoy)comforts.③There was no signal in that faraway village and all my attempts to contact (contact)you failed.④我儿子高兴地对我说他是他们班第三个完成作业并且唯一得满分的人。My son told me gladly that he was the third person to finish his homework and the only one to get full marks in their class.Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．He is a newly elected (elect) representative.2．Details of the competition are available at all participating (participate) stores.3．As far as I am concerned, she's a highly motivated (motivate) student.4．He remained faithful (faith) to the ideals of the party during the rest of his life.5．We were given a brief demonstration (demonstrate) of the computer's functions.6．The event was organized jointly (joint) by all the students and the staff concerned in the school.7．It is widely known that Chinese parents are very ambitious(ambition) for their children.8．The species has nearly died out because its habitat is being destroyed.9．The results are entirely consistent with our earlier research.10．I applaud her for having the courage to refuse.Ⅱ.短语填空take place；be recognized as；die out；bring...back to life；devote...to；lead to；call on；in addition to；for the first time；a wide range of1．If you are in the absence of social skills，it can lead to many problems.2．After the earthquake，the villagers tried their best to bring the village back to life．3．Otherwise，you will be recognized as a human and not a selfish person in cold blood.4．Are you nervous when you give performances to strangers for the first time?5．As we all know，the 31st Summer Olympics took place in Brazil in 2016.6．Because she devotes herself to teaching the deaf children，the young lady has little time to care for her own daughter.7．We have a wide range of choices such as travelling and visiting our relatives or friends.8．We need three more chairs in addition to these two.9．With the living environment becoming worse and worse，many of the earth's species are dying out．10．Because pollution caused by plastic bags is increasing，we call on people to use cloth bags and baskets instead of plastic bags.Ⅲ.课文语法填空The Olympic Games are an extraordinary sporting event which are held every four years for thousands of highly trained and 1.extremely talented athletes from different countries across the world.The Olympic Games have 2. a long history. The ancient Olympic Games began in the year 776 BCE when only Greek men were allowed to participate and died out around the year 393. It was a Frenchman, Pierre de Coubertin, 3.who/that brought the Olympics back to life. The modern Olympics were first held in 1896, in Athens.Many talented 4.athletes(athlete) made their contributions to the Olympic Games. The boxer Cassius Clay won the light heavyweight gold medal for the USA during the 1960 Rome Olympics. Afterwards, he 5.returned(return) to the 1996 Atlanta Olympic Games to light the Olympic flame at the opening ceremony. Jessica EnnisHill is a former track and field athlete from the UK, who won an Olympic gold medal in her home country in 2012.China and Chinese athletes make an outstanding 6.contribution(contribute) to the Olympic Games. In addition to 7.hosting(host) the 2008 Beijing Olympics, China also 8.ranked (rank) first in the medal table. Xu Haifeng won our country's firstever gold medal. Then Liu Xiang became the first Asian 9.to win(win)the gold medal in the men's 110metre hurdles at the 2004 Athens Olympic Games. The Chinese women's volleyball team won a hardfought victory in the final at the 2016 Rio Olympic Games. Beijing has won the 10.election(elect) to host the 2022 Winter Olympics. 教材高考1.They competed in such events as boxing, running and the long jump.(2021·浙江1月卷)In the pumpkin field, I compete with my three brothers and sister to seek out the biggest pumpkin.2.For over a century, people from diverse backgrounds have made joint efforts to help realize Coubertin's dream.(2021·浙江卷)Diverse methods were adopted during training.3.He came to public attention during the 1960 Rome Olympics, when he won the light heavyweight gold medal for the USA, demonstrating great talent and personality in the process.(2021·天津卷)At the Chinese art festival, there are different stands where artists demonstrate their skills and teach the visitors.4.In addition to hosting the Olympics for the first time, China also ranked first in the medal table.(2021·全国乙卷)For the biggest stadiums in the world, we have used data supplied by the World Atlas list so far, which ranks them by their stated permanent capacity, as well as updated information from official stadium websites.5.Since then the upward trend for Chinese sport has been unstoppable.(2021·浙江卷)In the past few years, an increasing number of people and organisations have begun coming up with plans to counter this trend.
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