译林版高中英语选择性必修第二册UNIT4教学知识细解码学案

这是一份译林版高中英语选择性必修第二册UNIT4教学知识细解码学案，共13页。
1．capable adj.有能力；能力强的→capacity n．领悟(或理解、办事)能力；容量，容积；职位，职责；生产量→capability n．能力2．analyse vt.分析→analysis n．分析→ analytical adj.分析性的；解析的3．finance n．财政，金融；资金；财力，财务管理 vt.提供资金→financial adj.财政的；金融的4．threat n．构成威胁的人(或事物)；威胁；恐吓；凶兆→threaten vt.危及，对……构成威胁；威胁，恐吓5．commit vt.犯(罪)；承诺；保证；花(钱或时间) vi.全心全意投入，忠于→commitment n．献身，投入；承诺，许诺；花费→committee n．委员会6．crime n．罪，罪行；犯罪活动→criminal adj.犯罪的 n．罪犯7．urge vt.敦促，催促；大力推荐，竭力主张；驱赶，鞭策 n．冲动，强烈的欲望→urgent adj.紧急的8．apparent adj.明显的→apparently adv.显然，可见9．warn vt.警告→warning n．警告，先兆；警戒10．recognize vt.认可；承认；意识到→recognition n．识别，认出；承认，认可；赞誉，赏识1．input n. 输入的信息；投入vt. (input，input)输入(信息)①There has been a big input of resources into the project from industry. 投入②This program accepts input from most word processors. 输入的信息③All this information had to be input to the computer. 输入2．capacity n. 领悟(或理解、办事)能力；容量，容积；职位，职责；生产量①Two water tanks provide a total capacity of 400 litres. 容量，容积②She has an enormous capacity for hard work. 领悟(或理解、办事)能力③Does the head of Quality Control function in any other capacity？ 职位，职责3．recognition n. 识别，认出；承认，认可；赞誉，赏识①There is a general recognition of the urgent need for reform. 认可②He glanced briefly towards her but there was no sign of recognition. 认出③He received the award in recognition of his success over the past year. 赏识4．put forward 提出(建议)；推荐；将……提前；将(钟表等)向前拨①His suggestion put forward at the conference is worth considering. 提出②I think he is fit for the position；therefore，I'll put him forward as a candidate. 推荐③You ought to put your watch forward by ten minutes. 将(钟表)向前拨④They have put forward the date of their wedding by one week. 将……提前 eq \a\vs4\al(知识要点1) 　put forward 提出(建议)；推荐；将……提前；将(钟表等)向前拨[例]He put forward a very good suggestion at the meeting.他在会上提出了一个很好的建议。[归纳拓展]put aside　　　 忽视；不理睬；储存；留出put away 把……放回原处；积蓄put off 延期；推迟put up 提高；张贴；建造；投宿put up with 容忍；忍受put through 接通电话；完成；使经受(磨炼、痛苦)[即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子①He decided that he would drive back to town instead of putting up for the night at the hotel.②We do not have to put up with pollution.③We are trying to put aside some money every month for our vacation.④经理提出了我们应该有一个助手的建议。The manager put forward a suggestion that we (should)have an assistant. eq \a\vs4\al(知识要点2) 　threaten vt. 危及，对……构成威胁；威胁，恐吓[例]The incident threatens to ruin his chance in the election.这件事威胁到他当选的机会。[归纳拓展](1)threaten to do sth. 威胁要做某事threaten sb.with sth. 用某物威胁某人threaten(that)... 威胁……(2)threat n. 构成威胁的人(事物)；威胁，恐吓； 凶兆 threatening adj. 恐吓的，威胁的threatened adj. 受到威胁的[即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子①Our neighbour threatened to call (call)the police if we didn't stop the noise.②Some cultures see direct eye contact as impolite or threatening (threaten)behaviour.③The attacker threatened them with a gun.④他恐吓说要把那张照片公开。He threatened to make the photo public． eq \a\vs4\al(知识要点3) 　urge vt. 敦促，催促；大力推荐，竭力主张；驱赶，鞭策 n．冲动，强烈的欲望[例]Our teacher urges us to study hard with the College Entrance Examination drawing near.随着高考的临近，老师敦促我们努力学习。[归纳拓展](1)urge(sb.) eq \b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(to do sth.,into doing sth.))  催促(某人)做某事urge that...(should)do sth. 极力主张；强调……It is urged that... (should)do sth. 坚决要求……(2)urgent adj. 紧急的；迫切的urgently adv. 迫切地urgency n. 紧急的事[即学即练]　单句语法填空/句型转换①People not only cast online votes themselves，but also urge others into voting for competitions like the “Most Beautiful Teacher” and the “Cutest Baby”．②A student whose friends are good at academics may be urged to study (study)harder and get better grades.③It is urged that immediate action (should)be taken (take)to prevent such a thing happening again.④The attack added a new urgency (urge)to the peace talks.⑤Our teacher urges us to study hard with the exam drawing near.→It is urged that/Our teacher urges that we study hard with the exam drawing near. eq \a\vs4\al(知识要点4) 　apparently adv. 显然，可见[例]Apparently，he was lost in thought.显然他陷入了沉思。[归纳拓展]apparent adj. 显而易见的；显然的；表面上的It is quite apparent that... 显而易见……It is apparent from sth.that... 从……可看出……；……是显而易见It is apparent to sb.that... 某人明白……[即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子①Apparently (apparent)everyone knows that global warming only makes climate more extreme.②It was apparent from her face that she was really upset.③很明显药物对他的疾病起了积极的作用。Apparently/It is apparent that the medicine has a good effect on his disease. eq \a\vs4\al(知识要点5) 　warning n. 警告，先兆；警戒[例]If you start to have sleep or weight problems，it will send a warning to your phone.如果你开始出现睡眠或者体重问题，它就会向你的手机发送警告信息。[归纳拓展]warn vt. 　　　　　　 　　 警告；提醒注意；使警惕　 　vi. 预先通知warn sb.of sth. 警告某人某事warn sb.against (doing)sth. 警告(使对……有所防备)warn sb.(not)to do sth. 警告某人(不要)做某事warn sb.that... 警告某人……[即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子①They warned him of/against the dangers of sailing alone again and again but he wouldn't listen.②They warned people not to keep (keep)large amounts of cash in their homes.③须警告孩子们远离交通要道。Children must be warned to stay away from main roads． eq \a\vs4\al(知识要点6) 　demand vt. 需要；强烈要求 n. 要求，所需之物；需求，需要[例]It was a dilemma because the footballer could have demanded damages if we were wrong.这是一个两难问题，因为如果我们错了，足球队员就可以要求补偿损失。[归纳拓展](1)be in (great)demand (迫切)需求meet/satisfy one's demands 满足某人的需求(2)demand to do sth. 要求做某事demand that...(should)do sth. 要求……(3)demanding adj. 要求高的，要求严格的[名师点津]　demand作动词时，后可接名词、不定式和从句作宾语，但不可跟sb.to do结构；后接that从句时，从句用虚拟语气，谓语动词用“(should＋)动词原形”；作名词引导表语从句或同位语从句时，从句中也用虚拟语气。[即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子①My father came downstairs and demanded to know (know)what was going on.②The UN has demanded that all troops (should)be withdrawn (withdraw).③A lot of goods are in demand before the Spring Festival.④这位老师要求学生们准时到校。The teacher demanded that the students (should)go to school on time． eq \a\vs4\al(知识要点7) 　greedy adj. 贪心的，贪婪的[例]As far as I'm aware，we are supposed to earn money by working hard and we shouldn't be too greedy for wealth.据我所知，我们应该通过辛勤劳动赚钱，而且我们不应该对财富贪婪。[归纳拓展](1)be greedy for 对……贪婪；渴望得到……be greedy to do sth. 急于做某事It is/was greedy of sb.to do sth. 做某事对于某人来讲真是贪婪(2)greedily adv. 贪婪地(3)greed n. 贪婪，贪心[即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子①The cruel and greedy (greed)woman was punished by the two boys.②The students are greedy for knowledge.③It was greedy of them to eat up all the candy.④她的外祖父吃得很香，她看了很高兴。Her grandfather ate greedily，which she was glad to see. eq \a\vs4\al(知识要点8) 　recognition n. 识别，认出；承认，认可；赞誉，赏识[例]In time，he gained recognition as one of the greatest artists China has ever known.随着时间的推移，他被公认为中国有史以来最伟大的艺术家之一。[归纳拓展](1)beyond recognition 认不出来(2)recognize vt. 承认，意识到；认出，辨别出recognize sb./one's voice 认出某人/听出某人的声音be recognized as/to be... 被认作……/被认为是……It is recognized that... 人们公认……[即学即练]　单句语法填空/一句多译①As a matter of fact，illness and age changed him beyond recognition(recognize).②We all recognized Tu Youyou as a great scientist.③那本书被公认为是21世纪最重要的文学作品之一。It is recognized that the book is one of the greatest works of literature of the 21st century.＝The book is recognized to be/as one of the greatest works of literature of the 21st century. eq \a\vs4\al(知识要点9) 　alternative n. 可供选择的事物 adj.可供替代的；非传统的[例]We should make better use of alternative energy，such as solar and wind power.我们应该更好地利用可替代能源，比如太阳能和风能。[归纳拓展](1)have no alternative but to do sth. 别无选择只好做某事have the alternative of doing sth. 有做某事的选择an alternative to... ……的替代品(to是介词)(2)alternatively adv. 可供选择地[名师点津]　“别无选择只好做某事”的表达形式还有：have no choice but to do sth.，can't do sth.but do sth.，can do nothing but do sth.在这些结构中若but之前出现实义动词do的某种形式 (does，did，done)，but之后要用省略to的不定式，否则，but之后的to不能省略。[即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子①I had no alternative but to report (report)him to the police.②The Internet also provides us with a cheap alternative to communicating (communicate)with others.③The manager said that they had an alternative plan if the plan they had submitted was not accepted.④有时候，为了成功，我们不得不勇敢地直面失败并从中吸取教训。Sometimes，in order to succeed，we have no alternative but to face failure bravely and learn from it. eq \a\vs4\al(知识要点10) 　break into强行闯入，撬开；突然开始(笑，唱、跑)；顺利打入[例]We have our car broken into last week.我们的车上周被撬了。[归纳拓展]break down 　 　 (机器)出故障；撞倒，打破； 拆毁，破坏；(谈判、计划等)失败； 破裂；(身体)垮掉；分解break away from 脱离(政党)；放弃break off 中断；折断break in 破门而入；打断(谈话等)break out (战争、打斗等不愉快的事情) 突然开始；爆发break through 取得突破；克服break up 解散；打散；拆开；结束(关系)[即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子①Can't you break away from old habits?②She broke off the conversation and answered the phone.③The scientists hope to break through soon in the research for a cure for cancer.④妈妈闯进我的房间，告诉我不要熬夜了，否则身体会累垮的。Mother broke into my room and told me not to stay up or I would break down． eq \a\vs4\al(重点句式1) 　感叹句(教材原句P44)How cool that would be!那该多酷啊！[句式分析]　本句为how引导的感叹句。[例1]How difficult it was to solve the problem.解决这个问题有多难。[例2]What a strange plant(＝How strange a plant)! I've never seen it before.这种植物真奇怪！我以前从未见过。[归纳拓展]感叹句常用来表示惊叹、赞美、喜悦等语气。常见句型：(1)How＋形容词/副词＋主语＋谓语！(2)How＋主语＋谓语！(3)What＋a/an＋形容词＋单数名词＋主语＋谓语！＝ How ＋形容词＋a/an＋单数名词＋主语＋谓语！(4)What＋形容词＋不可数名词/复数名词＋主语＋谓语！[即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子①What lovely children they are!②How silly it was of you to give up such a good chance!③昨天我们在海滩上玩得多开心啊！What a good time/How good a time we had on the beach yesterday! eq \a\vs4\al(重点句式2) 　given(that)...考虑到，鉴于(教材原句P44)It may seem like building castles in the air，but given the rate at which artificial intelligence，or AI，is being developed，in the future such dreams may actually come true.也许这看上去可能像建造空中楼阁一样不切实际，但是考虑到目前人工智能(AI)的发展速度，将来这样的梦想很可能会实现。[句式分析]　given(that)，意为“考虑到，鉴于”，表示原因。[例1]Given this data，it seems that the link between human activities and rising global temperatures is not merely a coincidence.鉴于这些数据，好像人类活动与正在升高的地球温度之间的联系并不仅仅只是巧合而已。[例2]Given that if he can get another chance，he will surely succeed.考虑到他如果能得到再一次机会，他肯定会成功。[归纳拓展](1)given可作介词，表示“考虑到；鉴于”等意思。given that...意思是“考虑到”，相当于considering。(2)引导条件状语从句用法相似的表达有：①considering (that)... 考虑到，鉴于②seeing (that)... 既然，鉴于③provided/providing (that)... 假定……④assuming (that)... 假设，如果⑤suppose/supposing (that)... 假如，如果[即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子①Given (give)the present circumstances，you've done really well.②Given that the patients have some disabilities，we still try to enable them to be as independent as possible.③Supposing/Suppose (suppose)that you were failing in the coming exam，what should you do?④考虑到他还是个孩子，我就原谅他了。Given that he was still a boy，I forgave him. eq \a\vs4\al(重点句式3) 　as引导时间状语从句(教材原句P45)As we become more and more dependent on computers，some scientists are urging us to think about the dangers posed by the advances in AI.随着我们变得越来越依赖于电脑，一些科学家正敦促我们思考人工智能发展带来的危险。[句式分析]　as在句中引导时间状语从句，意为“随着”。[例]As children get older，they become more and more interested in everything.随着孩子们一天天长大，他们对所有的事物越来越感兴趣。[归纳拓展]as作为连词的用法主要有：(1)“当……时；随着……”，引导时间状语从句。(2)“如同；像”，引导方式状语从句。(3)“因为；由于”，引导原因状语从句。(4)“尽管”，引导让步状语从句，常用倒装语序，可与though互换。(5)引导比较状语从句，常用于as...as...句型，意为“和……一样……”(第一个as是副词，第二个as是连词)。[名师点津]　as是连词，意为“随着”，引导时间状语从句； with是介词，意为“随着”，后接名词或代词等，构成with短语或with复合结构。As time went by/With time going by，I gradually adapted myself to the school life.随着时间的流逝，我逐渐适应了学校生活。[即学即练]　写出下列句中as的含义/完成句子①Young as he is，he knows a lot. 尽管②They sang songs as they were doing farm work. 当……时③Ann wouldn't write down a series of facts in her diary as most people do. 如同④It's not as hard as I thought. 和……一样⑤As you were out，I left a message. 因为；由于⑥随着生活水平的提高，我们发现和朋友的聚会时间变少了。As our life improves，we find little time to gather with our friends.Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．It had a small brain, apparently (apparent)walked upright, and had teeth more like those of a human than an ape.2．Compared to his greedy ( greed) brother, he has won many friends for his generosity.3．Many of those interviewed said their hometown had changed beyond recognition (recognize) over the past five years.4．However, others are in favour of the inclusion because it is hard to say whether it will threaten (threat)the native language.5．We had just sat down and were beginning the class when he broke into the classroom.6．He originally hoped to begin it with a sample of Peking Opera, which fell victim to the finance. 7．The airport to be completed next year will have the capacity to handle (handle) 500，000 passengers.8．That the Somali robbers frequently robbed ships on the sea urged the United Nations to call (call) on all nations to take immediate action.9．The public demanded that a stricter law on gun ownership (should)be made (make) to reduce the rate of gun killing in the state.10．There are many kinds of music, jazz, rhythm and blues, rock and roll and pop music, to name but a few.Ⅱ.短语填空build castles in the air；be capable of；to name but a few；on demand；break into；fall victim to1．When taking the train, passengers must show their tickets on demand. 2．Just like building castles in the air, this idea raised in the board meeting is totally impractical. 3．I hate to see you fall victim to vanity(虚荣). Be yourself, and you can be welcomed by others. 4．We must learn to better understand how our brains are capable of finding new solutions, whatever the situation is. 5．It turned out that we had to break into the house as we had lost the key. 6．Lots of our friends are coming: Anne, Ken and George, to name but a few．Ⅲ.课文语法填空As AI develops, we can stay in bed and press a button to send a robot to do all the work for us in the future. One of the essential 1.aims(aim) of AI is to develop computer intelligence which can learn from experience, adjust to new inputs and perform tasks like humans. The development of computers has made the dream of AI 2.a reality. A major advancement in AI 3.came (come) in 1997 and then in 2017, a computer program 4.named(name) AlphaGo demonstrated a 5.significant(significance) advance in deep­learning AI systems. Nowadays, AI is already being applied in many fields, from autonomous vehicles to domestic robots. Ordinary people are now using AI 6.to get(get) instant translations of text in foreign languages, and machines can recognize fingerprints and even faces. 7.However, these benefits also bring concerns and fears 8.that the thinking machines will 9.threaten(threat) the existence of humans. We must make sure that we will not fall victim 10.to AI.教材高考1.Deep­learning AI has the capacity to analyse massive amounts of data through multiple layers, imitating the complex networks of the human brain.(2021·全国乙卷)For the biggest stadiums in the world, we have used data supplied by the World Atlas list so far, which ranks them by their stated permanent capacity, as well as updated information from official stadium websites.(2021·全国乙卷)He builds massive sculptures out of plastic garbage, forcing viewers to re­examine their relationship to single­use plastic products.2.Years before the term “artificial intelligence ”was coined in the mid­1950s, the theory had been explored by Alan Turing, one of the pioneers in the field of computer science.(2021·浙江1月卷)The other side of the coin is equally a deprivation: for health and well­being, as well as lost opportunities(机会)for children to get to know their local surroundings.3.Nowadays, AI is already being applied in many fields：finance, health care, machine translation and art, to name but a few.(2021·全国乙卷)Provide financial aid and other benefits for local peoples.4.We need to make sure that we will not fall victim to AI.(2021·全国新高考Ⅰ卷)The ability to accurately understand how others are feeling may be used by a doctor to find how best to help her patients, while a cheater might use it to control potential victims.