2025版高考英语一轮复习题练专题一阅读理解文体3说明文课件

这是一份2025版高考英语一轮复习题练专题一阅读理解文体3说明文课件，共60页。

过基础　必备知识新题精练Passage 1话题:复合型职业　　主题语境:人与自我　词数:约305　　难度:★★★☆☆　　[2023广东梅州质检]Jbs that use bth technical and creative thinking are amng the fastest-grwing and highest-paying nes, accrding t a new reprt frm Burning Glass Technlgies, a jb market analytic cmpany in Bstn.It studied millins f jb pstings t better understand the skills cmpanies require. What they discvered was that many want wrkers with experience in such new abilities as big-data gathering and analysis, r design using digital technlgy.Burning Glass came up with the term"hybrid jbs" t describe these kinds f psitins, which require skills nt nrmally fund tgether. Fr example, these hybrid jbs might require peple with skills in data science and advertising, r engineering and sales. "The jbs f the future dn't invlve just ne skill, " says Matt Sigelman, CEO f Burning Glass.The cmpany expects general jb grwth f abut 10% between 2018 and 2028, but the hybrid jbs by 21%. What’s mre, hybrid jbs pay mre than psitins that call fr a traditinal set f skills. Fr example, a marketing manager mastering a database prgram gets paid 41% mre than a traditinal ne, with an average yearly salary f $100,000. Mrever, an engineer wh imprves her sales skills and becmes a cnsulting engineer fr a sftware cmpany can mre than duble her pay frm $180,000 t $400,000.While data shws that wrkers wh fail t update their skills will be able t find fewer jbs, peple in
hybrid jbs are less likely t becme ut f date, with nly 12% pssibility f being replaced by machines, cmpared with 42% fr general jbs, says Burning Glass. Hybrid jbs are mstly nt beginner rles, s they mainly g t wrkers with years f experience and, mst imprtantly, mre training after leaving cllege. That means wrkers, bsses and educatrs will have t think abut hw t better prepare peple fr these rles.1Why did the cmpany research int jb advertisements?A.T understand the grwth f best paid cmpare wrkers’experience with new find ut cmpanies’requirements abut tell the pssible changes in future jb market.2Which f the fllwing jbs can be hybrid?A.Data engineer.B.Machine peratr.C.Marketing manager.D.Medical cnsultant.3Hw much is a traditinal marketing manager pssibly paid every year?A.$180,000.B.$71,000.C.$41,000.D.$10,000.4Which f the fllwing is the best title fr this passage?A.Future Jbs Requiring "Hybrid" SkillsB.Hw t Get Trained fr JbsC.Tips n Finding Fastest-Grwing JbsD.The Jbs with Highest Pay
【解析】 本文介绍了什么是复合型职业,并提到未来找工作需要拥有多种技能。1.C　理解具体信息　根据第二段中的"It studied millins f jb pstings t better understand the skills cmpanies require"可知,它研究了数百万份招聘启事,以更好地了解公司所需的技能。故选C。2.A　推断　根据第三段中的"Fr example,these hybrid jbs might require peple with skills in data science and advertising, r engineering and sales"可知,这些复合型工作可能需要具备数据科学和广告技能,或者工程和销售技能的人。由此可推断,数据工程师的工作可能是复合型的。故选A。3.B　理解具体信息(数字计算)　根据第四段中的"Fr example, a marketing manager mastering a database prgram gets paid 41% mre than a traditinal ne,with an average yearly salary f $100,000"可知,掌握数据库程序的营销经理的平均年薪为10万美元,比传统的营销经理高出41%,那么传统营销经理的年薪可能是:100 000美元÷(1+41%)≈71 000美元。故选B。4.A　理解主旨要义(标题判断)　根据第一段中的"Jbs that use bth technical and creative thinking are amng the fastest-grwing and highest-paying nes"和最后一段中的"While data shws that wrkers wh fail t update their skills will be able t find fewer jbs, peple in hybrid jbs are less likely t becme ut f with 42% fr general jbs"可知,同时需要技术和创造性思维的工作是增长最快、收入最高的工作之一。虽然数据显示,无法更新技能的工人能找到的工作更少,但从事复合型工作的人不太可能过时,只有12%的可能性被机器取代,而一般工作的可能性为42%。由此可知,未来找工作需要拥有多种技能。故选A。
Passage 2话题:"旅伴"试点项目　　主题语境:人与社会　词数:约300　　难度:★★★☆☆　　[2023云南统测(二)]Maria Jnes had just finished teaching a yga class when she happened t ntice an elderly man walking arund by himself in the city centre f Aberdeen, Sctland.As they shared a packet f chclate bars ver a cffee, Maria learned that Tm Smith, wh was 83,had left his hme that day fr the first time in three years. Driven by extreme lneliness, he decided t take a ride n the bus. He’d taken tw different buses that day.Accrding t Age UK, 1.1 millin lder peple rely n using public transprt fr cmpany. While health and mbility issues can lead t scial islatin, the upsetting effect f the cst f living crisis has cntributed t a lneliness epidemic(流行病)amng the UK’s lder ppulatin.Senir expert Sally Baker sees the necessity f establishing a prgramme t recnnect the lder peple with their lcal cmmunities. And helping them access lcal transprt links is the first step. She says that she understands why travelling n public transprt can help reduce lneliness. It ffers a setting fr cnversatins t spark up. "Sitting side by side is ften less inhibiting(约束的)than direct eye cntact, "she says.Hwever, Age UK is aware that many lder peple feel wrried abut getting ut and abut, with 38 percent saying they dn’t feel cnfident using public transprt.That’s why the charity has initiated the Travelling Cmpanins’pilt prgramme, designed t help lder peple wh might be feeling lnely t get ut and abut cnfidently. Each lder persn is matched with a vlunteer wh will help them achieve their travel gals.
One man at 80,wh has been helped by Age UK’s new prject, says, "The prgramme is making my wrld a lt bigger and brighter."1Why is Tm Smith’s experience mentined in the text?A.T give an example f smene getting intrduce the majr tpic t be illustrate the bring daily life f 80-year- stress the value f chatting with lder peple.2What can we learn frm paragraph 4?A.Older peple need help t rebuild scial alne n buses can be unsafe fr lder lder peple take buses t ease 's necessary t ffer lder peple free bus rides.3What is Age UK accrding t the text?A.A research institute.B.A senir citizen care centre.C.A bus cmpany. D.A charity rganizatin.
4What is the text mainly abut?A.The widespread ld age prblem in the amng the UK’s lder ppulatin.C.A prgramme t help lder peple use public wh accmpany the elderly peple n their trips.
【解析】 根据Age UK的数据显示,英国110万老年人依赖公共交通出行,考虑到老年人对公共交通缺乏信心,该慈善机构发起了"旅伴"试点项目,旨在帮助那些可能感到孤独的老年人自信地走出家门。 1.B　理解目的　明题意:本题问"文中为什么提到Tm Smith的经历?"→寻线索:根据第一段和第二段内容可知,83岁的Tm Smith在极度孤独的驱使下决定乘公共汽车去兜风;紧接着提到了Age UK机构的数据和该机构"旅伴"试点项目的发起→定答案:由此可知,作者提到Tm Smith的经历是为了介绍下文要讨论的"旅伴"试点项目,这是文章的主要议题,故选B。2.A　理解具体信息　第四段提到让老年人与当地社区重新联系起来很有必要,这样做的第一步就是帮助他们接触当地的交通线路,因为乘坐公共交通工具时并肩而坐没有直接的眼神交流那么受约束,也就提供了一个便于交流的环境。故从该段中我们得知,老年人要想重建社会关系,就需要帮助,故选A。3.D　理解具体信息　第五段提到Age UK意识到许多老年人对出行感到担忧,第六段提到这就是为什么该慈善机构发起了"旅伴"试点项目。由此可推知,第六段中的the charity 指的就是Age UK,即Age UK是一个慈善机构,故选D。4.C　理解主旨要义(文章大意)　通读全文可知,文章主要介绍了Age UK发起的"旅伴"试点项目,旨在帮助感到孤独的老年人乘坐公共交通,减少孤独感,重建社区联系。由此可知,C项最能概括本文的主旨。
【二次精读】　　核心单词:lneliness n. 孤独　mbility n. 流动能力;活动性　cnfidently adv. 自信地　match vt. 使成对,使相配 核心短语:rely n依赖　cntribute t有助于,导致　spark up突然引发(交谈、争论、友谊等)　achieve ne’s gal 实现目标难句分析:That’s why the charity has initiated the Travelling Cmpanins’ pilt prgramme, designed t help why引导的表语从句 过去分词短语作lder peple (wh might be feeling lnely t get ut and abut cnfidently). 定语 wh引导的定语从句译文:这就是为什么该慈善机构发起了"旅伴"试点项目,旨在帮助那些可能感到孤独的老年人自信地到外面活动。
Passage 3话题:美国流芳园　　主题语境:人与社会　词数:约360　　难度:★★★☆☆　　文化传播[2023江苏苏锡常镇四市调研(一)]Ls Angeles native Randall Bartlett sat under the rftp f a traditinal Chinese schlar’s studi, ccasinally turning a page f his bk. The scene was in the repened Liu Fang Yuan garden at the Huntingtn Library, Art Museum and Btanical Gardens. Fr him, the garden brings t life the Chinese philsphies he learned frm bks.Phillip E. Blm, directr f the Center fr East Asian Garden Studies, said the idea fr Liu Fang Yuan ges back t the 1980s with the initial aim f creating a cllectin f Chinese plants, but after research, they realized plants alne were nt sufficient t demnstrate the essence f a Chinese garden. Eventually, it was decided t mdel a garden n 16th and 17th century schlarly retreats(隐居处) in Suzhu.The decisin was made partly due t the fame f Suzhu classical gardens, but als because similarities were fund between the Huntingtn and Suzhu gardens. Blm said that Henry Huntingtn, funder f the Huntingtn Library, was a successful US businessman wh used his frtune t cllect rare bks, artwrks and t create gardens. "Many Suzhu gardens were als created by rich peple wh tried t pursue a schlarly lifestyle," he added.T preserve the character f the Suzhu gardens, the Huntingtn Library sught help frm Suzhu, giving rise t cllabratin between US and Chinese architects, cntractrs and designers. In all stages f cnstructin, artisans(工匠) frm Suzhu came t wrk n details f the venue.After three years f expansin frm 2018 t 2020, Liu Fang Yuan repened t the public with 4.6 hectares
f new landscapes, making it ne f the largest classical-style Chinese gardens in the wrld. The additins include a cmplex f walled curtyards displaying penjing, a replica f a schlar’s studi, a pavilin(亭子) situated at the garden’s highest pint, etc.Nw, it is meaningful t see hw peple frm lcal cmmunities interact with the garden. "A lt f vlunteers cme t different lectures abut Chinese culture r t cncerts that we hld regularly," Blm said. By expsing its visitrs t arts and literature, Liu Fang Yuan ges beynd internatinal bundaries and bridges the cultural gaps between the tw cuntries.1What d we knw abut Liu Fang Yuan?A.It used t be a schlarly retreat in Suzhu.B.It was cnstructed by Suzhu artisans became the largest garden after being expanded.D.It prmtes cultural exchanges between America and China.2What is paragraph 3 mainly abut?A.The intrductin t the funder.B.The fame f Suzhu classical features f a schlarly lifestyle.D.The reasns fr mdeling a Suzhu garden.3What des the underlined wrd "cllabratin" in paragraph 4 mean?A.negtiatinB.cperatinC.inspiratinD.cntradictin
4Why did Blm mentin lcal peple’s interactins with the garden?A.T shw its cultural significance.B.T detail its architectural prmte its diverse activities.D.T bst its internatinal fame.
【解析】 本文介绍了以中国的苏州园林为模版,在中美建筑师、承包商和设计师的合作下,美国的流芳园重新开放。1.D　推断　根据最后一段中的"By expsing its visitrs t arts and literature, Liu Fang Yuan ges beynd internatinal bundaries and bridges the cultural gaps between the tw cuntries"可知,通过让游客接触艺术和文学,流芳园超越了国际边界,弥合了两国之间的文化鸿沟。由此可知,流芳园在促进中美之间的文化交流方面起着重要的作用。故选D。2.D　理解主旨要义(段落大意)　根据第三段第一句"The decisin was made partly due t the fame f Suzhu classical gardens, but als because similarities were fund between the Huntingtn and Suzhu gardens"可知,因为亨廷顿和苏州园林之间有相似之处,同时因为苏州古典园林有名气,所以作出了这一决定。因此本段主要讲述流芳园会以苏州园林为模版来设计的原因。故选D。3.B　理解词汇　根据画线词前的"T preserve the character f the Suzhu gardens, the Huntingtn Library sught help frm Suzhu"和画线词后的"In all stages f cnstructin, artisans(工匠) frm Suzhu came t wrk n details f the venue"可知,为了保持苏州园林的特色,亨廷顿图书馆向苏州寻求帮助,在建设的各个阶段,来自苏州的工匠会到工作的场地参与细节问题的工作。由此说明,中美建筑师、承包商和设计师在这个过程中进行了合作,故画线词指"合作",故选B。4.A　推断　根据最后一段中的"Nw, it is meaningful t see hw peple frm lcal cmmunities interact with the garden"和"By expsing its visitrs t arts and literature, Liu Fang Yuan ges beynd internatinal bundaries and bridges the cultural gaps between the tw cuntries"可知,现在,看到当地社区的人们如何与
花园互动是很有意义的。通过让游客接触艺术和文学,流芳园超越了国际边界,弥合了两国之间的文化鸿沟。由此可推知,通过提及当地人和流芳园的互动,充分说明流芳园在中美之间的文化交流方面起着重要的作用。故选A。
Passage 4话题:儿童更愿意尝试新事物　　主题语境:人与社会　词数:约345　　难度:★★★☆☆　　[2023吉林省吉林市三调]Accrding t a recent study, children explre mre than adults and it helps then learn better than grwn-ups. The study ntes that when adults attempt smething new but get a negative result, they ften wn’t try it again.Dr. Alisn Gpnik, ne f the c-authrs, said, "That might seem like the mst basic kind f intelligence—even rats stay away frm a path leading t a shck. The dwnside is that we will never learn the wrld is mre cmplicated. Children, hwever, have intense curisity and drive t explre and this helps them learn many different things quickly."Tgether with NYU scientist Emily Liquin, Gpnik cnducted a scientific experiment t test if yung children’s drive t explre mre than grwn-ups influences the way they learn.They gave 64 yung children and 87 adults a game where each placed different blcks n a machine with ne rule: If the machine lights up, they get a prize cnsisting f a star, but if the machine desn’t light up, they lse twice as much. The gal f the game was t discver that all the blcks wrk except fr the nes with white spts.Mst f the children were able t figure ut the rule crrectly, whereas mre than 70% adults culdn’t, but it came at a cst: The children earned fewer stars.The experiment shws adults ften leap t faster cnclusins, while children are mre willing t explre and gather mre infrmatin befre they decide n a result.
The experiment nly studied fur t seven-year-lds cmpared t adults in the United States, nting that mre research is needed t generalize it t a brader ppulatin and cntext, accrding t the paper.Gpnik cncluded, "We grwn-ups are ften s anxius t get the result that we dn’t explre, and s afraid f lsing stars that we miss the chance t learn smething new. Children, hwever, are natural explrers, willing t sacrifice stars fr the sake f infrmatin. We need bth types f thinking t grw up, but adults might learn smething frm thse curius kids."1Why did Gpnik mentin rats in Paragraph 2?A.T shw adults’ aviding bad results is cmpare whether adults are much cleverer than tell us rats are apprpriate subjects in suggest that rats are clever enugh t chse safe paths.2What d we knw abut the experiment?A.It aimed t test if children have mre drive t adults culd understand the game rule gt better results than adults in the game.D. It has sme limitatins and needs further research.
3What des Gpnik mean accrding t the last paragraph?A.Adults’ way f thinking shuld be abandned.B.The tw ways f thinking shuld be are better at getting infrmatin.D.Adults shuld learn t think in children’s way.4Based n the study, which f the fllwing is desirable in educating kids?A.Inspiring kids t explre regardless f risks.B.Encuraging kids t be brave t try new kids t draw cnclusins quickly.D.Teaching kids nt t care abut gains and lsses.
【解析】 本文主要介绍了相较于成年人,儿童更愿意探索,尝试新事物,这有助于他们更好地学习,在这一点上,成年人应该向儿童学习。1.A　推断　第二段中的"That might seem like the mst basic kind f intelligence—even rats stay away frm a path leading t a shck"可知,这似乎是一种最基本的智力——即使是老鼠也会远离导致电击的路径。该句中的That指代上一段最后一句中的"when adults attempt smething new but get a negative result, they ften wn't try it again",表示当成年人尝试新事物但结果不理想时,他们通常不会再尝试了。由此可知,作者将成年人避免不良结果与老鼠躲避导致电击的路径进行类比,旨在说明趋利避害是具有基本智力的生物的共性,因此成年人的这一行为是可以理解的。故选A。2.D　理解具体信息　根据倒数第二段"The experiment nly studied fur t seven-year-lds cmpared t adults in the United States, nting that mre research is needed t generalize it t a brader ppulatin and cntext, accrding t the paper"可知,该实验只将美国4到7岁的儿童与成年人进行了对比,因此它有一定的局限性,需要进一步研究。故选D。3.B　推断　根据最后一段Gpnik所说的话可知,成年人常常急于得到结果,以至于他们不去探索,因为害怕失去星星而错过了学习新东西的机会。然而,孩子们是天生的探险家,他们愿意为了获取信息而牺牲星星。我们需要这两种思维方式来成长,但成年人可以从这些好奇的孩子身上学到一些东西。故可推知,Gpnik的意思是这两种思维方式应该结合起来。故选B。4.B　推断　根据最后一段中的"Children, hwever, are natural explrers, willing t sacrifice stars fr the sake f infrmatin. We need bth types f thinking t grw up, but adults might learn smething frm thse
curius kids"可知,孩子们是天生的探险家,他们愿意为了获取信息而牺牲星星。我们在成长过程中需要这两种思维方式,但成年人可以从这些好奇的孩子身上学到一些东西。故可推知,基于这项研究,在教育孩子方面,我们应该鼓励孩子勇敢地尝试新事物。故选B。
过能力　关键能力强化提升题组1Passage 1话题:电子游戏对大脑的影响　　主题语境:人与社会　　词数:约335　　难度:★★★★☆　　科学探究精神[2023江苏南通、如皋适应性考试(二)]D yu play vide games? If s, yu aren’t alne. Vide games are becming mre cmmn and are increasingly enjyed by adults. The average age f gamers has been increasing and was estimated t be 35 in 2016. Changing technlgy als means that mre peple are expsed t vide games. A new breed f casual gamers has cme, wh play n smart phnes and tablets at spare mments thrughut the day. But d they have any effect n ur brains and behavir?Over the years, the media have made varius claims abut vide games and their effect n ur health and happiness."Games have smetimes been praised r demnized, ften withut real data backing up thse claims. Mrever, gaming is a ppular activity, s everyne seems t have strng pinins n the tpic," says Marc Palaus, wh with his clleagues wanted t see if any trends had appeared frm the research t date cncerning hw vide games affect the structure and activity f ur brains. They cllected the results frm 116 scientific studies, 22 f which lked at structural changes in the brain and 100 f which lked at changes in brain functinality and behavir.The studies shw that playing vide games can change hw ur brains perfrm, and even their structure. Fr example, playing vide games affects ur attentin, and sme studies fund that gamers shw imprvements in several types f attentin, such as sustained attentin r selective attentin. Vide games can
als be addictive, and this kind f addictin is called"Internet gaming disrder". Researchers have fund functinal and structural changes in the neural reward system in gaming addicts. These neural changes are basically the same as thse seen in ther addictive disrders.S, what d all these brain changes mean?"We fcused n hw the brain reacts t vide game expsure, but these effects d nt always translate t real-life changes," says Palaus. As vide games are still quite new, the research int their effects is still in its babyhd.1What factr causes a new breed f casual gamers t appear?A.Vide games becme mre and mre pressure frm wrk becmes bigger and adults are usually very curius abut new advanced technlgy makes games easily accessible.2What des Palaus’s research mainly fcus n?A.What effects vide games have n gamers’ brain regins are affected by vide vide games affect health and vide games influence gamers’ brains.
3Accrding t the research, why d sme gamers get addicted t vide games?A.Because their memry systems are their sustained attentin is their neural reward systems are the inner structure f their brain is changed.4What can we learn frm the last paragraph?A.Addictin t vide games will effect ur daily influence f vide games needs a further shuld be certain laws t regulate vide game expsure brings harm instead f benefits.
【解析】 研究人员对电子游戏对玩家大脑的影响进行了研究。他们发现,游戏成瘾者的神经奖励系统在功能和结构上都发生了变化。1.D　理解具体信息　根据第一段中的"Changing technlgy als means that mre peple are expsed t vide games. A new breed f casual gamers has cme"可知,不断变化的技术也意味着更多的人接触电子游戏,这导致新一代休闲游戏玩家的出现,故选D。2.A　理解具体信息　根据第二段中的"Marc Palaus, wh with his clleagues wanted t see if any trends had appeared frm the research t date cncerning hw vide games affect the structure and activity f ur brains"可知,Marc Palaus和他的同事们想看看迄今为止的研究中是否出现了关于电子游戏如何影响我们大脑结构和活动的趋势。由此可知,Marc Palaus的研究主要集中于电子游戏对玩家大脑的影响。故选A。3.C　理解具体信息　根据倒数第二段中的"Researchers have fund functinal and structural changes in the neural reward system in gaming addicts"可知,研究人员发现,游戏成瘾者的神经奖励系统在功能和结构上都发生了变化。也就是说,一些游戏上瘾者沉迷于游戏是因为他们的神经奖励系统改变了。故选C。4.B　推断　根据最后一段中的"As vide games are still quite new, the research int their effects is still in its babyhd"可知,由于电子游戏仍然相当新,对其影响的研究仍然处于婴儿期。由此可推知,电子游戏的影响还需要进一步研究。故选B。
Passage 2话题:MIB课程受到欢迎　　主题语境:人与社会　　词数:约330　　难度:★★★★☆　　[2023辽宁协作校一模]Prfessinal curses, such as Master f Internatinal Business r MIB, have been taken by many students in the last tw decades. They are chsing new-age uncnventinal curses that guarantee a better future. MIB is a specialized curse that teaches the internatinal business. There are slid reasns fr s much ppularity f the MIB curse.The curse cntent and teaching methds f MIB differ frm a nrmal MBA r Master f Business Administratin. It has been designed with the bjective f develping prfessinals with an in-depth understanding and knwledge f the internatinal trade. The curse ffers varius advantages ver the cnventinal MBA degree curse.The massive increase in the internatinal business and freign trade gives excellent jb prspects t the new generatin. Acquiring a degree f MIB ffers utstanding grwth f jb pprtunities. Thse wh want t pursue the field f marketing als have a gd future after cmpleting the degree frm a MIB cllege with a gd reputatin. Big multinatinal rganizatins lk fr talented peple wh can handle the jb f Internatinal Marketing Manager, and peple with MIB degrees are preferred. The jb needs an in-depth understanding f the verseas markets, because it is the strategic pst frm the aspect f cmpany’s internatinal business grwth.Since business finance and ecnmics are cvered at length in the curses f MIB, students have great jb ffers in the field f finance as well. Typically, rganizatins ffer the psitins f internatinal finance
cntrllers t thse wh cmplete MIB with the specializatin f finance. The specializatin cvers aspects f internatinal taxes, accunts, budgeting and s n. Peple in this field are well-paid, and grwth prspects are unlimited. After cmpleting degree curses frm a reputed MIB cllege, there is a gd pprtunity in the banking and finance field as well. Internatinal banks appint peple wh have an excellent grasp f the internatinal banking plicies, currency exchange, and internatinal plicies. Thus, MIB is the glden key t success with brilliant jb pprtunities in natinal and multinatinal areas.1Hw is the secnd paragraph mainly develped?A.By analyzing causes.B.By prving making cmparisns.D.By prviding examples.2Why d mre and mre peple intend t acquire a degree f MIB?A.It is required in the clleges.B.It cntributes t great jb appeals t mst f the graduates.D.It helps t start up ne's wn business.3What can we learn frm the last paragraph?A.The internatinal finance cntrller is a high-quality hlders are mre prmising in all careers than banks nly accept emplyees frm MIB earn mre in the business field than in the finance field.
4What’s the writer’s purpse f writing this article?A.T predict the future trend f the MIB describe the develpment f the MIB prmte the prfessinal MIB curse explain why the MIB curse is gaining ppularity.
【解析】 现在MIB课程大受欢迎,作者对其受欢迎的原因进行了分析。1.C　推断(写作手法)　根据第二段中的"The curse cntent and teaching methds f MIB differ frm a nrmal MBA r Master f Business Administratin"和"The curse ffers varius advantages ver the cnventinal MBA degree curse"可知,MIB的课程内容和教学方法与普通MBA或工商管理硕士不同,而且与传统的MBA学位课程相比,该课程提供了各种优势。由此可知,本段主要是通过对比的方式来展开的,故选C。2.B　理解具体信息　根据第三段中的"Acquiring a degree f MIB ffers utstanding grwth f jb pprtunities" "Big multinatinal rganizatins lk fr talented peple wh can handle the jb f Internatinal Marketing Manager, and peple with MIB degrees are preferred"可知,获得MIB学位会使工作机会明显增多;大型跨国公司寻找能胜任国际营销经理工作的人才,具有MIB学位者优先。由此说明,越来越多的人打算获得MIB是因为它有助于提供好的工作机会,故选B。3.A　理解具体信息　根据最后一段中的"Since business finance and ecnmics are cvered at length in the curses f MIB, students have great jb ffers in the field f finance as well. Typically, rganizatins ffer the psitins f internatinal finance cntrllers t thse wh cmplete MIB with the specializatin f finance"可知,由于商业金融和经济学在MIB的课程中有详细的介绍,学生们在金融领域也有很好的工作机会。通常,组织会向那些完成MIB的金融专业人员提供国际财务总监的职位。由此可知,国际财务总监是一份高质量的工作,故选A。4.D　理解目的　文章第一段讲到"MIB is a specialized curse that teaches the internatinal business. There
are slid reasns fr s much ppularity f the MIB curse"可知,MIB是一门教授国际商务的专业课程。MIB课程如此受欢迎是有切实的理由的。那么,作者写这篇文章就是为了解释为什么MIB课程大受欢迎,故选D。
Passage 3话题:联合国气候变化报告　　主题语境:人与自然　　词数:约335　　难度:★★★★☆　　[2023江苏南京、盐城一模]This year saw the publicatin, in stages, f the sixth reprt by the UN’s Intergvernmental Panel n Climate Change (IPCC)—a reprt which was depressing reading fr many climate scientists, and in sme ways ffered a ray f hpe.Why is it depressing? Because the reprt cnfirmed what scientists have been saying fr years: that human activity, particularly in the frm f emissins (排放) f greenhuse gases, is respnsible fr the warming in the past few centuries, and that unless such emissins are greatly reduced, we will in the future bring abut ur entire ecsystem’s destructin.The reprt cncluded that 1.5℃ f glbal warming ver the next cuple f hundred years is already "baked in". This makes the gals utlined in the 2015 Paris Agreement—that natins agreed t keep warming belw 2℃, and hpefully belw 1.5℃—much harder t meet. Wrse still, the IPCC reprt was fllwed later in the year by the COP27, described by Prf Dann Mitchell, as "a cmplete failure, ther than sme cmmitment t lss and damage". And the ray f hpe? The IPCC’s sixth reprt was brader in the apprach than previus studies—taking an in-depth lk fr the first time at the rle played in warming by shrt-term greenhuse gases such as methane(甲烷), fr instance."Reducing carbn emissins is always the best apprach: stp the prblem at its surce," said Mitchell. "But we als need ther appraches t help with this. Methane is imprtant, but it’s s shrt-lived—that’s why
we haven’t been s bthered when cmpared with CO2."The IPCC wrking grups shwed ptential adaptatin paths, and they are the ther things we can d in terms f fighting climate change and relieving its wrst effects, rather than simply reducing carbn emissins. This wuld include taking measures such as switching t a mre plant-based diet (t reduce methane emissins), cntrlling ppulatin grwth, reducing financial inequality and develping means by which we might remve CO2 that's already in ur atmsphere, rather than simply preventing it being released. 1Which f the fllwing can best describe the sixth reprt by the IPCC?A.Seemingly cntradictry. B.Whlly hpeless. D.Exceptinally new.2What des the underlined phrase "baked in" in paragraph 3 mean?A.Out f date.B.T the full. C.Under discussin.D.In prgress.3Accrding t the passage, what can we learn abut methane?A.It has been lng regarded as a majr surce f glbal rle in glbal warming had been verlked befre the bst t glbal warming is as much as ther greenhuse is cnsidered as a new apprach t reducing glbal warming.4Hw many aspects d the adaptatin paths invlve in the last paragraph?A.2. B.3.C.4. D.5.
【解析】 本文主要分析了联合国政府间气候变化专门委员会(IPCC)发布的第六份气候变化报告,首次研究分析短期温室气体在变暖中的作用,呼吁找到减缓气候变暖的科学方法。1.A　推断　根据第一段"This year saw the publicatin, in sme ways ffered a ray f hpe"可知,这份报告既让人沮丧,又给人一线希望,由此可以推断,该报告似乎有些矛盾。故A项正确。2.D　理解词汇(短语)　根据第三段中的"This makes the gals utlined in the 2015 Paris 1.5 ℃—much harder t meet"可知,此处是描述在画线短语所在的句子中的内容产生的结果:使得2015年《巴黎协定》中概述的目标更难实现了。这说明画线短语所在的句子陈述的内容已经存在,间接造成《巴黎协定》的目标更难实现,所以该短语的意思是"在进展中,在进行中"。故D项正确。3.B　推断　根据第四段中的"The IPCC’s sixth in warming by shrt-term greenhuse gases such as methane(甲烷), fr instance"可知,在IPCC的第六份报告中第一次深入研究了像甲烷这样的短期温室气体在气候变暖中的作用,由此可以推断,之前报告从未提到过甲烷给气候变暖带来的影响。故B项正确。4.C　理解具体信息　根据最后一段中的"This wuld include taking than simply preventing it being released"可知,该段提到的适应性路径有转向更多的植物性饮食、控制人口增长、减少财政不平等以及想方法消除已经存在于大气中的二氧化碳。故C项正确。
【二次精读】　　核心单词:publicatin n. 出版,发行,出版物　particularly adv. 尤其,特别　inequality n. 不平等,不平均核心短语:be respnsible fr 对……负责;是……的原因　in terms f 在……方面,就……而言,谈及
Passage 4话题:文化与物种生存的关联　　主题语境:人与自然　　词数:约365　　难度:★★★★★　　[2023广东深圳二调]In shallw castal waters f the Indian cean, the dugng, a kind f sea cw, is in truble. Envirnmental prblems pse such a majr threat t its survival that the Internatinal Unin fr Cnservatin f Nature(IUCN)upgraded the species’ extinctin risk status(地位) t vulnerable(脆弱的).Much wrse, dugngs are at risk f lsing the prtectin f the Trres Strait Islanders, wh have lked after them histrically, hunting them fr fd sustainably and mnitring their numbers. These native peple keep their bidiversity, and have deep knwledge abut their envirnment. But these peple are als threatened, in part because rising sea levels are making it difficult fr them t live there.This situatin isn’t unique t dugngs. A glbal analysis f 385 culturally imprtant plant and animal species fund 68 percent were bth bilgically vulnerable and at risk f lsing their cultural prtectin.The findings clearly illustrate that bilgy shuldn’t be the primary factr in shaping cnservatin plicy, says anthrplgist Victria Reyes-García. When a culture declines, the species that are imprtant t that culture are als threatened. "Lts f cnservatinists think we need t separate peple frm nature," says Reyes-García. "But that strategy misses the caring relatinship many cultural grups have with nature."One way t help shift cnservatin effrts is t give species a"bi-cultural status," which wuld prvide a fuller picture f their vulnerability. In the study, the team used a new way t determine a species’ risk f disappearing: The mre a cultural grup’s language use declines, the mre that culture is threatened. The mre a culture is threatened, the mre culturally vulnerable its imprtant species are. Researchers then cmbined a
species’ cultural and bilgical vulnerability t arrive at its bi-cultural status. In the dugng’s case, its bi-cultural status is endangered, meaning it is mre at risk than its IUCN categrizatin suggests.This new apprach t cnservatin invlves peple that have histrically cared fr them. It can highlight when cmmunities need supprt t cntinue their care. Scientists hpe it will bring mre effrts that recgnize lcal cmmunities’ rights and encurage their participatin—taking advantage f humans’ cnnectin with nature instead f creating mre separatin.1What is the relatinship between the native peple and dugngs?A.The native peple help cnserve dugngs.B.The native peple train dugngs t ruin the native peple’s envirnment.D.Dugngs frce the native peple t leave hme.2Which statement will Reyes-García prbably agree with?A.The prtectin plicy is used incrrectly.B.Culture is cnnected t species’ grups take gd care f each ther.D.Cnservatinists prefer nature ver peple.3Hw is the study methd different frm previus nes?A.It invlves mre preservatin effrts.B.It relies n the IUCN’s highlights the effect f human languages.D.It assesses the bilgical influence f a species.4What is the authr’s attitude twards the latest apprach?A.Cnservative.D.Ambiguus.
【解析】 本文主要通过儒艮的例子讲了文化与物种生存的内在关联。1.A　理解具体信息　根据第二段中的"Much wrse, dugngs are at risk f lsing the prtectin f the Trres Strait Islanders, wh have lked after them histrically, hunting them fr fd sustainably and mnitred their numbers"可知,托雷斯海峡岛民以前一直在照顾儒艮,可持续地猎杀它们作为食物,并监控它们的数量。由此可知,当地人帮助保护儒艮。故选A。2.B　推断　根据第四段中的"When a culture declines, the species that are imprtant t that culture are als threatened"可知,当一种文化衰落时,对该文化重要的物种也受到威胁。Reyes-García可能会同意"文化与物种的生存息息相关"。故选B。3.C　理解具体信息　根据第五段中的"In the study, the team used a new way t determine a species’ risk f disappearing: The mre a cultural grup’s language use declines, the mre that culture is cmbined a species’ cultural and bilgical vulnerability t arrive at its bi-cultural status"可知,在这项研究中,研究小组使用了一种新的方法来确定一个物种消失的风险:一个文化群体的语言使用下降得越多,该文化受到的威胁就越大。一种文化受到的威胁越多,其重要物种在文化上就越脆弱。然后,研究人员将一个物种的文化和生物脆弱性结合起来,以得出它的生物文化状态。由此可知,与以前的研究方法相比,现在的研究方法突出了人类语言的影响。故选C。4.B　理解观点、态度　根据最后一段中的"This new apprach t cnservatin invlves peple that have histrically cared fr them. It can highlight when cmmunities need supprt t cntinue their care"可知,这种新的保护方法涉及历史上一直照顾它们的人。它可以突出社区何时需要支持以继续提供护理。由此可知,作者赞成这种最新的方法,故选B。
题组2Passage 1话题:解决塑料垃圾污染　　主题语境:人与自然　　词数:约330　　难度:★★★★☆　　环境保护[2023浙江杭州质检]Kenya has been at the frefrnt(前沿) f the glbal war n plastic since the gvernment banned single-use plastics in prtected areas in June 2020. Unfrtunately, the preventive measures have barely received attentin. Hundreds f tns f industrial and cnsumer plymer waste cntinue t get dumped int landfills daily. Hwever, if 29-year-ld Nzambi Matee has her will, the unsightly plastic heaps will sn be transfrmed int clrful bricks. The material engineer’s seeking t find a practical slutin t cntrl plastic pllutin began in 2017. She quit her jb and set up a small lab in her mther’s backyard. It tk her nine mnths t prduce the first brick and even lnger t cnvince a partner t help set up the machinery t make them. But the determined ec-entrepreneur was cnfident in her idea and did nt give up.She says, "I wanted t use my educatin t handle plastic waste pllutin. But I was very clear that the slutin had t be practical, sustainable, and affrdable. The best way t d this was by channeling the waste int the cnstructin space and finding the mst efficient and affrdable material t build hmes." Her cmpany prduces ver 1,500 bricks a day. The pavers are made using a mix f plastic prducts that cannt be reprcessed r recycled.The cllected plastic is mixed with sand, heated at very high temperatures, and cmpressed(压缩) int bricks that vary in clr and thickness. The resulting prduct is strnger, lighter, and abut 30 percent cheaper
than cncrete bricks. Mre imprtantly, it helps repurpse the lwest quality f plastic. "There is that waste they cannt prcess anymre; they cannt recycle. That is what we get," Matee says.Matee is nt nearly dne. Her dream is t reduce the muntain f trash t just a hill by increasing prductin and expanding her fferings. She says, "The mre we recycle the plastic, the mre we will prduce affrdable husing, the mre we will creat emplyment fr the yuth."1What des the underlined sentence in paragraph 1 imply?A.Matee’s methd can be effective if adpted.B.Matee's idea has been widely bricks are in huge demand.D.Plastic waste hasn't attracted enugh attentin.2Which f the fllwing can best describe Nzambi Matee?A.Generus and ambitius.B.Cnfident and and reslved.D.Optimistic and mdest.3What is Nzambi Matee’s ultimate purpse in using a mix f plastic prducts?A.T build cheaper huses.B.T supprt the create jb pprtunities.D.T tackle plastic pllutin.4Which f the fllwing is the best title fr the text?A.Kenya: Pineer in Banning Single-use PlasticsB.Nzambi Matee: Innvatr in Slving Plastic WasteC.Mix f Plastic Prducts: a New Cnstructin MaterialD.Plastic Recycling: a Creative Slutin t Pllutin
【解析】 肯尼亚的Nzambi Matee利用回收的塑料和沙子混合在一起制作成建筑用砖来解决塑料污染问题。1.A　理解句意　画线句的上一句"Hundreds f tns f industrial and cnsumer plymer waste cntinue t get dumped int landfills daily"讲到肯尼亚推出的解决塑料污染的方案并不起作用。画线句出现在转折词Hwever之后,据此可以推断,画线句讲的应该是一个有效的解决塑料污染的方案,故A项"如果被采纳,Matee的方法肯定很有效"与画线句的意思最为接近。have ne's will"遂愿";unsightly"难看的,不雅观的,不悦目的";heap"(凌乱的)一堆"。句意:然而,如果29岁的Nzambi Matee能遂愿,那么那些难看的塑料垃圾堆不久就会被转变成彩砖。2.C　推断(人物特征)　根据第二段中的"the determined ec-entrepreneur was cnfident in her idea and did nt give up"可以看出,Nzambi Matee是一个意志坚定的(reslved)人;根据第三段中的"The best way t d this was by channeling the waste int the cnstructin "和常识可知,Nzambi Matee解决塑料垃圾的方法很有创意(creative),故C项最能概括她的性格。generus"慷慨的,大方的";ambitius"有志向的,有抱负的";cnfident"自信的";grateful"感恩的";ptimistic"乐观的";mdest"谦虚的"。3.D　推断　根据第四段中的"Mre imprtantly, it helps repurpse the lwest quality f plastic"和最后一段中的"Her dream is t reduce the muntain f trash t just a hill"可知,Nzambi Matee制造彩色塑料砖的终极目标是解决塑料污染,故D项正确。repurpse"(为适合新用途)对……稍加修改,略微改动"。4.B　理解主旨要义(标题判断)　通读全文可知,文章主要讲述了29岁的肯尼亚女孩Nzambi Matee创造性地利用回收的塑料和沙子混合在一起制作成建筑用砖来解决塑料污染问题,故B项"Nzambi Matee:解决塑料污染的创新者"最适合作本文的标题。
【二次精读】　　核心单词:preventive adj. 预防性的　plymer n. 聚合物　machinery n. 机器;机械　reprcess v. 再加工
Passage 2话题:节俭购物　　主题语境:人与社会　　词数:约350　　难度:★★★★☆　　[2023山西太原一模]As thrift was intrduced int mainstream pp culture, yung peple started ging t thrift stres fr cheaper, fashinable finds. Gen Z cnsumers state that sustainability is an imprtant factr while making buying decisins. Many chse t shp fr a secnd-hand r resale item f ec-friendly prducts. Thrift shpping may have nce been n the t-d list f peple in pverty. But nw a rise in ec-cnscius thinking has caused yung peple t pp t thrift stres.Hwever, scientists recently have cme t realize such trendy sustainable practices culd actually be less rsy than expected.Actually, the rt f this sustainability dilemma is nt nly assessing what yu use in yur life, but the vercnsumptin."Buying piles f secnd-hand clthing desn’t help t build a sustainable future r challenge ur addictin t shpping whenever we want them," says Anna Fitzpatrick, a prject crdinatr at the Centre fr Sustainable Fashin. In sme cases, the very existence f secnd-hand stres can give us a false sense f guiltlessness. Fitzpatrick adds, "We can clear ut ur entire wardrbe by leaving what we dn’t want at a secnd-hand stre in the hpe that it’ll be put int gd use. Instead f buying less, we trick urselves int thinking we can shp and then slve ur prblems by dnating again and again."While shpping secnd-hand may seem like fun, r even an adventurus activity fr fashin lvers, it’s abslutely essential fr peple f limited budget. With thrifting reaching new levels f ppularity, a great many peple are nticing a rise in prices at their lcal thrift stres. This can influence thse wh rely n the used
market fr everyday wear."Actually, they aren’t shpping in secnd-hand shps t be sustainable r cl—they’re ding it ut f necessity," says Fitzpatrick. S, when yu walk int a thrift shp r really any stre, it's imprtant t ask yurself whether it is necessary. While buying secnd-hand used t be ecnmical and sustainable, it’s nw abut cnsumptin and staying n trend. Just remember, when it cmes t yur wardrbe, less is mre helpful fr sciety and the planet.1Wh has becme the mainstream thrift stre shppers recently?A.Fashin fllwers.B.Lwer-incme envirnmentalists.D.Green initiative scientists.2What view d scientists hld twards thrift shpping?A.It is a virtue f thrift.B.It is sustainable challenges addictin t shpping.D.It cmes with wrrying effects ptentially.3Why d secnd-hand stres make us feel guiltless accrding t Fitzpatrick?A.They can cut dwn ur living expenses.B.They give us gd excuses fr the are respnsible fr the envirnment.D.They prvide affrdable items fr the pr.4Which is suggested abut thrift shpping accrding t the text?A.Restrict the desire f vercnsumptin.B.Feel free t purchase the things yu cntributins t sciety by dnating.D.Keep away frm cheap and fashinable finds.
【解析】 随着节俭购物开始流行,许多人选择购买二手或转售的环保产品。但科学家认为节俭购物带来了潜在的令人担忧的影响。1.C　理解具体信息　根据第一段的内容可知,随着节俭被引入主流流行文化,年轻人开始去旧货店买更便宜、更时尚的东西。Z世代消费者表示,可持续性是他们作出购买决定时的一个重要因素。许多人选择购买二手或转售的环保产品。由此说明,最近年轻的环保主义者成为旧货店的主流消费者。故选C。2.D　推断　根据第二段中的"scientists recently have cme t realize such trendy sustainable practices culd actually be less rsy than expected"和第三段中的"Actually, the rt f this sustainability dilemma is nt nly assessing what yu use in yur life, but the vercnsumptin"可知,科学家们最近意识到,这种时髦的可持续的做法可能真的没有预期的那么美好。事实上,这种可持续性困境的根源不仅在于评估你在生活中使用了什么,还在于过度消费。由此可推知,科学家们认为节俭购物带来了潜在的令人担忧的影响。故选D。3.B　推断　根据第三段中Fitzpatrick所说的"We can clear ut ur entire wardrbe by leaving what we dn’t want at a secnd-hand and again"可知,Fitzpatrick认为,我们可以把不想要的东西留在二手店,希望它能得到很好的利用,这样就可以清理我们整个衣柜。我们不会少买东西,而是欺骗自己,认为我们可以购物,然后通过一次又一次的捐赠来解决问题。根据Fitzpatrick的观点,二手商店会让我们感到无罪是因为它们为我们的浪费找了很好的借口。故选B。4.A　推断　根据最后一段中的"S, when yu walk int a thrift shp r really any stre, it’s imprtant t ask yurself whether it is is mre helpful fr sciety and the planet"可知,当你走进旧货店或其他任何商店时,问问自己是否有必要这样做是很重要的。购买二手商品曾经是既经济又可持续的,但现在,
这关乎消费和保持潮流。只要记住,说到你的衣柜,越少对社会和地球越有帮助。由此可推知,文章关于节俭购物的建议是限制过度消费的欲望。故选A。
Passage 3话题:新型加密技术　　主题语境:人与社会　　词数:约355　　难度:★★★★★　　[2023广东省模拟测试(一)]Like any dctr, Jacques Fellay wants t give his patients the best care. Hidden inside ur bdies are genetic markers that can tell him which patients culd prbably have diseases such as AIDS and prvide early treatments. Hwever, there are wrries fr Fellay: they cntain sensitive details that culd lead t embarrassment, discriminatin r even wrse. A new kind f encryptin, fully hmmrphic encryptin (FHE)(全同态加密), is making it pssible fr data users t run multiple peratins n genetic data withut seeing the cntents. This can help end big data's privacy prblems, and Fellay's patients can be sme f the first t benefit. In 1978, the cncept f hmmrphic encryptin (HE) was firstly prpsed. Accrding t it, ne culd encrypt and share data with thers, wh culd analyze and perfrm calculatins n the data with n idea what it means. After getting the data back, the data user culd simply arrive at the result using the secret key and it will make ttal sense. In 2009, Craig Gentry firstly prvided a wrkable FHE prgram. Like HE, it rests n a mathematical idea called a hmmrphism, which mstly relies n using algebra(代数) t map data frm ne frm t anther withut changing its underlying structure. Hwever, it supprts multiple peratins n encrypted data, rather than nly ne calculatin in HE. Later, Gentry went n t wrk at IBM, which nw has cmplicated FHE tls t run encrypted data. In the medical field, fr example, it detected signs f pneumnia(肺炎) infectin by applying FHE t analyze the
encrypted CT scans f mre than 1,500 peple’s lungs. In a paper published in Octber 2021, the team used FHE t cllect data frm multiple surces and predicted the effect f cancer treatments r the prcess f HIV infectin, as in Fellay’s case. Wrkable, but still slw: calculatins n the FHE-encrypted data culd take millins f times lnger than thse n raw data. But, as Gldwasser said, "If yu believe that security is nt a plus, but it’s a must, then in sme sense there is n verhead."1What is Fellay cncerned abut?A.Serius diseases. B.Sensitive patients. C.The safety f persnal data. D.The lack f genetic infrmatin. 2In what way is FHE different frm HE?A.It speeds up the analyses. B.It allws mre calculatins. C.It prevents direct access t data. D.It depends n the use f algebra. 3What is Gldwasser’s attitude twards FHE?A.Cntradictry. B.Unclear. C.Favrable. D.Intlerant. 4What is the main idea f the text?A.FHE prtects privacy in the big data era. B.FHE pens a new wrld fr medical wrkers. C.Gentry prpsed a new encryptin technlgy. D.Hmmrphic encryptin develped ver time.
【解析】 文章介绍了一种新型加密技术——全同态加密的开发过程以及意义。1.C　理解具体信息　根据第一段中的"Hidden inside ur , there are wrries fr Fellay: they cntain sensitive details that culd lead t embarrassment, discriminatin r even wrse"可知,Fellay医生担忧隐藏在我们体内的基因标记物所包含的敏感细节被泄露后会导致尴尬、歧视甚至更糟的情况,即他担心个人数据的安全问题,故选C。2.B　理解具体信息　明题意:本题问"完全同态加密和同态加密有什么不同?"→寻线索:根据第四段最后一句话"Hwever, it supprts multiple peratins n encrypted data, rather than nly ne calculatin in HE"可知,全同态加密支持对加密数据进行多次操作,而不是在同态加密中只进行一次计算→定答案:由此可知,全同态加密和同态加密的区别在于全同态加密允许多次计算,故选B。3.C　理解观点、态度　根据最后一段Gldwasser 所说的话"If yu believe that security is nt a plus, but it's a must, then in sme sense there is n verhead"可知,Gldwasser认为在某种意义上,全同态加密是必须的,即她对全同态加密持赞成态度,故选C。4.A　理解主旨要义(文章大意)　文章开头介绍医生担心病人个人数据的安全问题,从而引入了全同态加密,然后以此为线索对全同态加密进行介绍,即这篇文章主要讲述了全同态加密保护个人隐私的功能,故选A。
【二次精读】　　核心单词:discriminatin n. 歧视　encryptin n. 加密　privacy n. 隐私　wrkable adj. 可行的　encrypted adj. 加密的　security n. 安全核心短语:make sense讲得通,有意义　rely n依靠
Passage 4话题:地球内核旋转速度的研究　　主题语境:人与自然　　词数:约330　　难度:★★★★★　　[2023河北邯郸二模]Scientists have learned mre abut the inner wrkings f the Earth by studying the way waves frm earthquakes travel thrugh the planet’s center. The results suggest that the Earth’s inner cre may be starting t spin mre slwly than the Earth.The Earth’s cre has tw parts: the uter cre and the inner cre. Bth f these are made mainly f the metals, irn and nickel. The uter cre is liquid. But the inner cre is a slid ball held in this liquid almst like the ylk(蛋黄) in an egg.Scientists suspected fr a lng time that the inner cre might be spinning slightly differently frm the way the Earth spins.In the 1990s, tw scientists, Paul Richards and Sng Xiadng, studied the inner cre by lking at the waves frm earthquakes that travel thrugh the center f the Earth. They fcused n grups and pairs f waves frm earthquakes that naturally repeat. If the inner cre was spinning exactly with the Earth, each wave f the pair shuld have taken the same time t pass thrugh the Earth. Instead, sme mved faster than thers. This was because they were hitting different parts f the inner cre as it spun. Their studies revealed that the inner cre was spinning in the same directin as the Earth, but slightly faster.Nw Dr. Sng and Yang Yi—anther scientist wh studies the Earth—say they’ve used the same methd t learn that the Earth’s inner cre may be starting t spin slwer than the Earth. The researchers studied earthquake wave pairs frm Alaska, ging all the way back t 1964. They nticed that the inner cre’s spin als
seemed t change speed in the early 1970s. The scientists say that the inner cre may have a pattern f speeding up and slwing dwn every 70 years r s.Nt everyne agrees. Many scientists wh study the Earth say mre infrmatin needed t figure ut what is really ging n.1Why is an egg mentined in the secnd paragraph?A.T explain hw the Earth’s cre mves.B.T shw the imprtance f the inner illustrate the cmpsitin f the uter cre.D.T help picture the structure f the Earth’s cre.2What did the scientists discver abut the inner cre in the 1990s?A.It sent ut earthquake waves.B.It changed speed mved exactly with the Earth.D.It mved a little faster than the Earth. 3What des the authr say abut the study result?A.It is accurate and reliable.B.It excites the needs further cnfirmatin.D.It has caused a heated discussin.4What is the text?A.A science reprt.B.A sci-fi stry.C.A diary entry.D.A brchure.
【解析】 一项研究发现,地球内核的旋转速度可能开始比地球慢,但这一发现并非所有人都认可,仍需要进一步弄清楚到底发生了什么。1.D　理解目的　根据第二段的内容可知,地核有两部分:外核和内核。这两部分主要由金属铁和镍构成。外核是液态的。但内核是一个被液体包裹的固体球。本段主要介绍的是地核的构造,它与鸡蛋的构造有相似之处。所以,此处提到鸡蛋是以此来说明地核的构造。故选D项。2.D　理解具体信息　根据题干中的"in the 1990s"将答案定位到第四段,根据第四段中的"In the 1990s, tw scientists, Paul Richards and Sng Xiadng, studied the inner the center f the Earth"可知,20世纪90年代,Paul Richards和宋晓东两位科学家通过观察穿过地球中心的地震波来研究内核。那么该段中的"Their studies revealed that the inner cre was spinning in the same directin as the Earth, but slightly faster"就是他们的研究发现,即他们的研究表明,内核的旋转方向与地球相同,但速度略快。故选D项。3.C　推断　根据最后一段的内容可知,并非所有人都同意。许多研究地球的科学家表示,需要更多的信息来弄清楚到底发生了什么。由此可知,这项研究需要进一步证实。故选C项。4.A　理解文章结构、类型(文章类型)　首段介绍了文章的主旨,即通过研究地震波穿过地球中心的方式,科学家们对地球的内部的运作有了更多的了解。结果表明,地球内核的旋转速度可能开始比地球慢。下文对此研究进行分析。由此可知,本文介绍了一项科学研究发现,是一篇科学研究报告。故选A项。
题组3Passage 1话题:交通信号灯的发展历史　　主题语境:人与社会　　词数:约345　　难度:★★★★☆　　[2023河北石家庄部分重点中学质检]The first traffic lights in the United States were installed(安装) because f an increase in travellers n the rad in the 1920s. Wrried abut accidents, twns and cities installed traffic twers t help the flw f cars. Officers manned the twers, using whistles and red, green and yellw lights t indicate t drivers when they shuld stp and g.Due t the absence f effective traffic signal systems n sme streets, it caused risks at intersectins. Then, William Ptts created the first triclur, fur-directinal traffic signal. The very first fur-directinal traffic light was installed at Wdward Avenue and Frt Street. But thrughut the cuntry, there were still a lt f systems fr traffic lights and patterns in place. Since this culd end up causing mre prblems fr drivers, the Federal Highway Administratin set unifrm standards in 1935 fr all rad signs, pavement markings and traffic signals, requiring them t all use red, yellw and green light indicatrs.Red is the clur with the lngest wavelength; that means that as it travels thrugh air mlecules, it gets diffused(扩散) less than ther clurs, s it can be seen frm a greater distance. Yellw has a shrter wavelength than red but a lnger wavelength than green. This means that red is visible the furthest away, yellw in the middle and green the least distance away—a helpful advanced warning fr needing t slw r stp. But this culd be a cincidence. Red meaning a stp riginated with train warning lights, and it’s nt clear whether that was chsen based n wavelengths, cntrast with green nature r natural assciatin f red with
things like bld. It culd be a cmbinatin f all three!Back in the 1900s, sme stp signs were yellw because it was t hard t see a red sign in a prly lit area. Eventually, highly reflective materials were develped, and red stp signs were brn. Since yellw can be seen well at all times f the day, schl znes, sme traffic signs and schl buses cntinue t be painted the clur.1What’s the purpse f installing traffic lights in the 1920s?A.T increase the speed f cars.B.T imprve rad safety and reduce traffic jams in twns and cities.D.T bey the standards f the gvernment.2What des the underlined wrd "this" in Paragraph 2 refer t?A.The absence f traffic signal installatin f the first traffic first triclur, fur-directinal traffic existence f different traffic lights and patterns.3What’s the main idea f Paragraph 3?A.The wavelengths f the three differences amng the three reasns fr chsing red as the stp relatinship between red clur and its wavelength.
4Which may be a disadvantage f red as a stp sign?A.It can’t be seen in the distance.B.It is a kind f highly reflective is nt suitable t be used in schl znes.D.It can nt be clearly seen in certain surrundings.
【解析】 本文介绍了交通信号灯的发展历史以及选用红色、绿色和黄色作为信号灯颜色的原因。1.B　推断　根据题干中的"in the 1920s"可将答案定位在第一段,根据该段中的"The first traffic lights in the United States were installed because f an increase in travellers n the rad in the 1920s. Wrried abut accidents, twns and cities installed traffic twers t help the flw f cars"可知,20世纪20年代,由于路上旅客的增加,美国的第一个交通信号灯被安装。由于担心发生事故,城镇和城市安装了交通塔来帮助汽车流动。由此可知,在20世纪20年代安装交通信号灯是为了道路的安全和通行效率,故选B。2.D　理解词汇(代词指代)　代词this通常指代上文的内容,根据前一句"But thrughut the cuntry, there were still a lt f systems fr traffic lights and patterns in place"可知,但在全国各地,仍然有很多交通灯系统和模式。画线词this所在的从句表示,因为这最终可能会给司机带来更多问题。也就是说,不同的交通信号灯和模式的存在可能导致更多问题,因此画线词this指的就是不同交通信号灯和模式的存在,故选D。3.C　理解主旨要义(段落大意)　根据第三段的内容可知,红色是波长最长的颜色;这意味着,当它在空气分子中传播时,它比其他颜色扩散得更小,因此人们可以从更远的地方看到它。黄色的波长比红色短,但比绿色长。这意味着红色在最远的地方是可见的,黄色在中间,绿色在距离最小的地方是可见的——这是一个有用的需要减速或停车的提前警告。但这可能是个巧合。红色意味着停止起源于火车警示灯,目前尚不清楚选择红色是基于波长、与绿色的大自然的对比,还是红色与血液等事物的自然联系。这可能是三者的结合!由此可知,本段主要介绍选择红色作为停止信号的原因,故选C。4.D　理解具体信息　根据最后一段中的"Back in the 1900s, sme stp signs were yellw because it was t hard t see a red sign in a prly lit area"可知,早在20世纪,一些停止标志是黄色的,因为在光线不好的地方很难看到红色标志。也就是说,红色的停止标志在昏暗的地方很难看到,故选D。
Passage 2话题:老鼠的研究价值　　主题语境:人与自然　　词数:约335　　难度:★★★★☆　　[2023重庆市高调研抽测(二)]Lts f peple dislike rats. They slide arund sewers(下水道). They get in the garbage. They can spread disease. It can be difficult t see their value—ther than as an animal mdel fr studying human illnesses. But rats have mre t share.When the first Eurpeans came t Virginia, black rats tk a ride in their ships. They went n t live with the Eurpeans and ften built nests in the walls f peple's hmes. Thse nests are full f infrmatin abut early settlers. They shw what specific materials the early settlers used, which helps histrians find ut what they culd make and prduce fr themselves—and what they had t imprt frm acrss the cean.In rats, DNA "really tells a stry abut the peple," says Emily Puckett, wh studies hw a species’ DNA differs acrss its range. Anther species—the brwn rat can help tell a large stry abut hw peple spread arund the glbe, Puckett finds. Brwn rats were riginally frm Eastern China and Mnglia. Puckett’s DNA samples have shwn that the brwn rat spread suth and east frm there, t India and almst everywhere else. The DNA in its bnes culd help determine where the rats came frm—and which cities might have been linked.At the University f Yrk in England, David Ortn studies animals that lived with ancient humans. Usually, when histrians find remains f an ancient city, they want t dig and find mre. "The truble is that mst f the time, the ancient cities tend t be underneath mdern cities," Ortn says. "And yu can’t just g and dig the whle thing up." But yu can fllw the rats. Rats are "very dependent n humans fr their fd
supplies and fr their shelter," he explains.These rats have given us a new appreciatin. "It is fascinating t think that these little creatures are stealing things and that nw we’re safeguarding them t make a study," Maureen Elgersman Lee, a histrian, says.1What d histrians prbably learn frm the nest f rats?A.The appearance f their nests.B.The family members’ living cnditins f early settlers.D.The prcess f their fd transprtatin.2Why can the brwn rat help tell a large stry?A.Because it riginated frm Eastern its DNA reflected its spreading it enjyed travelling arund the its bnes were full f infrmatin f cities.3What d David Ortn’s wrds mean?A.Humans ffered fd and shelter t culd study the ancient city by ancient cities were mstly lcated abve mdern culd ffer a clue t learning the size f ancient cities.
4What is a suitable title fr the text?A.Rats Differ in Different ReginsB.Rats Change Peple’s AttitudeC.Rats Reveal the Histry f UsD.Rats Depend n Humans fr Living
【解析】 老鼠除了可以作为研究人类疾病的动物模型之外,它还有其他的一些研究价值:可以为了解古代城市的大小提供线索,可以揭示我们的历史。1.C　理解具体信息　根据第二段的"Thse nests are full f infrmatin abut early settlers"可知,这些老鼠窝充满了早期定居者的信息。由此可知,历史学家可能会从老鼠窝中了解到早期定居者的生活条件。故选C项。2.B　理解具体信息　根据第三段的"In rats, brwn rat can help tell a large stry abut hw peple spread arund the glbe, Puckett finds"可知,Puckett说,在老鼠身上,DNA"确实讲述了一个关于人的故事"。Puckett发现,另一个物种——褐家鼠可以帮助讲述人类是如何在全球范围内扩散的大故事。由此可知,褐家鼠可以帮助讲述一个大故事,因为它的DNA反映了它的扩散经历。故选B项。3.D　推断　明题意:本题问"David Ortn的话是什么意思?"→寻线索:根据第四段中David Ortn说的话可知,大多数时候,古城往往位于现代城市的下面。你不能直接把整个东西都挖出来。但是你可以跟着老鼠→定答案:由此可推知,David Ortn的话的意思是老鼠可以为了解古代城市的大小提供线索。故选D项。4.C　理解主旨要义(标题判断)　通读全文可知,本文介绍了老鼠除了可以作为研究人类疾病的动物模型之外,它还有其他的一些研究价值:可以为了解古代城市的大小提供线索,可以揭示我们的历史。故选C项。
【二次精读】　　核心单词:slide v. (使)滑行,滑动　remains n. 古代遗物,遗迹,遗址　dependent adj. 依赖的难句分析:They shw what specific materials the early settlers used, which helps histrians find ut (what 非限制性定语从句 宾语从句1they culd make and  prduce fr themselves )—and (what they had t imprt frm  acrss the cean).  宾语从句2译文:它们展示了早期定居者使用的具体材料,这有助于历史学家了解他们可以为自己制造和生产什么,以及他们必须从大洋彼岸进口什么。
Passage 3话题:步态识别技术 　　主题语境:人与社会　　词数:约380　　难度:★★★★☆　　科技前沿[2023浙江杭州地区(含周边)重点中学模考]One Chinese startup has apparently develped technlgy that allws it t identify individuals by their walk, even if their face is cvered r they have their back t the camera.Knwn as"gait recgnitin", the technlgy invented by artificial intelligence startup Watrix analyses thusands f metrics(指标) abut a persn’s walk, frm their bdy shape and the angle f arm mvement t their psture and whether they have a te-in r te-ut gait. All these individual features g int a database that the sftware then ges thrugh when attempting t identify peple. Accrding t an fficial statement frm Watrix, the accuracy rate f gait technlgy at the labratry level exceeds 96 percent.Facial recgnitin technlgy has cme a lng way in recent years, but it still has a fundamental weakness—it needs t"see" peple’s faces in rder t identify them, s if smene’s face is cvered r if their back is t the camera, it’s basically useless. Gait recgnitin, n the ther hand, is much mre reliable. It wrks frm virtually any angle, and because it analyses s many metrics, it can identify subjects even if they attempt t cver their legs. Disguises(伪装物) r fake limps are nt very effective in fling the technlgy either."Cvering yur legs wuld reduce the recgnitin scre but we analyse all f a persn’s bdy," Huang Yngzhen, c-funder and chief executive f Watrix, said in an interview. "With facial recgnitin peple need t lk int a camera—cperatin is nt needed fr them t be recgnized by ur technlgy."Watrix revealed the first versin f their gait recgnitin technlgy in Octber, 2018 and has since been
in talks with security cmpanies frm Singapre, India, Russia, the Netherlands and the Czech Republic fr cntracts. The technlgy has als been tested by public security fficials fr thusands f hurs and used t slve dzens f plice cases. Authrities in Shanghai and Beijing are already using gait recgnitin t detect wanted criminals and identify jaywalkers(乱穿马路的人).The current versin f gait recgnitin sftware isn’t yet capable f detecting peple in real time, but the Chinese startup claims that it’s able t analyse an hur's wrth f vide ftage in just 10 minutes, with ver 94% accuracy.1Hw culd Watrix guarantee the accuracy f "gait recgnitin"?A.By checking the angle f peple’s arm cmbining facial recgnitin with peple’s setting up a database f numerus individuals’ analysing thusands f features f peple’s legs and tes.2What advantage des gait technlgy have ver facial recgnitin?A.Unlimited angles.B.Free gestures.C.N need t cver.D.Active cperatin.
3What can we learn frm the fifth paragraph?A.Watrix has fund several cperative partners fr its first recgnitin has been widely used in the field f public is trying t extend the use f the technlgy in Chinese big technlgy has been prved beneficial in identifying wanted criminals.4Which f the fllwing can best describe the future f the technlgy?A.Challenging.B.Prmising.C.Prfitable.D.Unknwn.
【解析】 本文主要介绍了一家中国初创公司Watrix开发出了步态识别技术。1.C　理解具体信息　根据第二段中的"the thusands f metrics(指标) these individual features g int a database that the sftware then ges thrugh when attempting t identify peple"可知,这项技术分析了数千个关于一个人走路的指标,从他们的体型、手臂运动的角度到他们的姿势,以及他们是脚趾向内还是脚趾向外的步态。所有这些个人特征都会进入一个数据库,在试图识别人时,软件会通过数据库进行识别。也就是说,Watrix通过建立一个包含众多个人指标的数据库来保证"步态识别"的准确性,故选C。2.A　理解具体信息　根据第三段的"Gait recgnitin, n the ther hand, is much mre reliable. It wrks frm virtually any angle, and because it analyses s many metrics, it can identify subjects even if they attempt t cver their legs"可知,步态识别从几乎任何角度进行工作,因为它分析了如此多的指标,即使实验对象试图遮住他们的腿,它也能识别出实验对象。由此可知,与人脸识别相比,步态识别技术的优点是无识别角度限制,故选A。3.D　推断　根据第五段中的"The technlgy has als been tested by public security fficials fr thusands f hurs and used t slve dzens f plice cases. Authrities in Shanghai and Beijing are already using gait recgnitin t detect wanted criminals and identify jaywalkers(乱穿马路的人)"可知,该技术还经过公安人员数千小时的测试,并被用于侦破数十起警方案件。上海和北京的有关部门已经在使用步态识别技术来侦查通缉犯和识别乱穿马路的人。由此可推知,步态识别技术已被证明有助于识别通缉犯。故选D。4.B　推断　根据第五段中的"Watrix revealed the first versin f their gait recgnitin technlgy in
Octber,2018 and has since been in talks with security cmpanies frm Singapre, India, Russia, the Netherlands and the Czech Republic fr cntracts"可知,Watrix在2018年10月公布了他们的步态识别技术的第一个版本,此后已经与来自新加坡、印度、俄罗斯、荷兰和捷克共和国的安全公司谈判合同;根据最后一段中的"the Chinese startup claims that it's able t analyse an hur's wrth f vide ftage in just 10 minutes, with ver 94% accuracy"可知,这家中国初创公司声称,它能够在短短10分钟内分析一小时的视频片段,准确率超过94%。这些信息都说明,这项技术的未来是有希望的。故选B。
Passage 4话题:饮食与健康　　主题语境:人与自我　　词数:约340　　难度:★★★★★　　以结构图设题[2023山东潍坊、安丘检测]A diet rich in fruit and vegetables and incrprating a daily glass f wine can prtect the brain against dementia(痴呆), a study suggests. Sticking clsely t Mediterranean eating habits, which als include plenty f nuts, seafd, whle grains and live il, has been linked t a 23 per cent lwer risk f dementia.Based n data gathered n 60,000 peple via the UK Bibank, a medical database set up in 2006, the researchers scred participants’ diets fr hw clsely they matched the ideal Mediterranean diet n tw scales.Using ne, thse whse eating habits were the best match were 23 per cent less likely t develp dementia than thse whse diets least fit the pattern. A diet with a perfect scre wuld invlve mre than fur tablespns f live il, at least tw prtins f vegetables and three f fruit per day as well as a glass f wine. It wuld als include at least three servings f legumes, 90 grams f nuts, and three servings f fish r shellfish a week. The ideal diet wuld als invlve very little red r prcessed meat, aviding t many sweetened drinks, butter, margarine r cream.The secnd scale used similar criteria and a clse match n that was linked t a 14 per cent lwer risk f dementia. The findings, published in the jurnal BMC Medicine, appeared t shw a "prtective effect regardless f smene’s genetic risk".
Dr Susan Mitchell f Alzheimer’s Research UK, said,"There is a wealth f evidence that eating a healthy, balanced diet can help reduce the risk f cgnitive decline. But the evidence fr specific diets is much less clear-cut." She pinted ut that the study nly drew n data frm peple with white, British r Irish ancestry. She said, "While there are n surefire(一定成功的) ways t prevent dementia yet, a diet rich in fruit and vegetables, alng with plenty f exercise and nt smking, all cntribute t gd heart health, which in turn helps t prtect ur brain frm diseases that lead t dementia."1What did the study find ut?A.A new way t cure a disease.B.A ppular diet t keep balance.C.A medical database t d research.D.A pssible strategy t reduce the risk f dementia.2Hw did the researchers carry ut the study?A.By making cmparisn.B.By presenting the cnsulting ther studies.D.By analyzing cause and effect.3What des Susan Mitchell think f the study?A.It’s evident.B.It’s limited.C.It’s practical.D.It’s prmising.
4Which f the fllwing best shws the structure f the passage?
【解析】 一项研究表明,富含水果和蔬菜且每天喝一杯葡萄酒的饮食,可以保护大脑免受痴呆的侵害。本文介绍了该项研究的发现、开展的方式、过程以及Susan Mitchell博士对此研究的看法。1.D　理解具体信息　根据第一段的内容可知,一项研究表明,富含水果和蔬菜且每天喝一杯葡萄酒的饮食,可以保护大脑免受痴呆的侵害。坚持地中海饮食习惯,包括大量的坚果、海鲜、全谷物和橄榄油,可以将患痴呆的风险降低23%。由此可知,这项研究发现了一种降低痴呆风险的可能策略。故选D。2.A　理解具体信息　根据第二段中的"the researchers scred participants’ diets fr hw clsely they matched the ideal Mediterranean diet n tw scales"可知,研究人员以两个标准对参与者的饮食与理想的地中海饮食的匹配程度进行了评分;再根据第三段中的"Using ne, thse whse eating habits were the best match were 23 per cent less likely t develp dementia than thse whse diets least fit the pattern"可知,使用一种标准,那些饮食习惯最匹配的人患痴呆的可能性比饮食习惯最不匹配的人低23%。由此可知,研究人员通过对比的方式来进行这项研究。故选A。3.B　理解观点、态度　根据最后一段中的"She pinted ut that the study nly drew n data frm peple with white, British r Irish ancestry"可知,Susan Mitchell指出这项研究只利用了白人、英国或爱尔兰血统的人的数据。由此可知,Susan Mitchell认为这项研究有局限性。故选B。4.C　理解文章结构、类型(文章结构)　第一段是文章的主旨,介绍了一项研究发现了降低痴呆风险的可能策略;第二段介绍的是这项研究开展的方式;第三段和第四段为第二段的分论点,具体阐述研究过程;最后一段是Susan Mitchell对此研究的看法。由此可推知,C选项最符合本文的结构。故选C。