2025版高考英语一轮复习题练专题一阅读理解文体4议论文课件

这是一份2025版高考英语一轮复习题练专题一阅读理解文体4议论文课件，共25页。

过基础　必备知识新题精练Passage 1话题:生活节奏　　主题语境:人与自我　词数:约285　　难度:★★★☆☆　　思辨型语篇[2023山东聊城模考(二)]An imprtant life lessn that I’ve drawn frm running is t run at my wn pace. It has guided me in many ways. In particular, it made me challenge the fixed expectatins f retirement and aging.Running is a metaphr(隐喻) fr life. I realized this while training fr a marathn t celebrate my 60th birthday. All the ther runners being faster than me made me embarrassed. But my cach shared sme valuable advice: run at yur wn best pace. Setting a gal r target time culd be a limitatin. He was right. Over time, I ran mre easily and faster. I als enjyed the experience much mre.I have applied this principle t ther areas f my life. Finding a rhythm is nt abut efficiency r hw many things I can get dne in a day. It has mre t d with what I decide t d at this stage in my life.Running carries its wn set f expectatins, including what it means t be a strng runner. But expectatins als extend t ther areas f life, including what peple at certain life stages shuld be ding r nt ding. Expectatins at my age can center n hw leisure time is spent, decisins abut emplyment, and even the rle f a grandmther.I used t think it was yung peple wh bre peer pressure, but it’s easy t view retirement as anther ccupatin with benchmarks(基准) t be met. We ften make what smene else des the reference pint. It’s a cmparisn trap.
　　Frget what thers are ding. Their pace is nt necessarily the pace yu shuld run at. Run in yur wn way. It’s nt better r wrse—nly different.1What des the authr intend t tell in paragraph 2?A.The rigin f a life principle.B.Her misunderstanding f imprtance f life expectatins.D.Her unpleasant training experience.2What des the authr think abut life expectatins?A.They are vital fr retired peple.B.They vary at different life cver every decisin in life.D.They are usually t high t fulfill.3What can we infer frm paragraph 5?A.Yung peple ften cmpete with ld peple.B.Retired peple take up bad peple are als under peer pressure.D.A cmparisn trap makes yung peple strnger.4What message des the authr mainly want t cnvey?A.Retirement can’t stp ld peple's dreams.B.Peple shuld live life t the shuld live at their wn speed.D.Running at a fixed pace is beneficial t retired peple.
【解析】 本文主要论述了作者的一个生活原则:每个人的生活应该有自己的节奏,而不是按照别人的期望生活。1.A　推断　根据第二段中的"Running is a metaphr(隐喻) fr life. I realized this while training fr a marathn t celebrate my 60th birthday"和"my cach shared sme valuable advice: run at yur wn best pace"可知,跑步是人生的一种隐喻。作者是在为庆祝自己60岁生日的马拉松而进行训练时意识到这一点的。她的教练分享了一些有价值的建议:以你自己最好的节奏跑。这成为作者的一个生活原则。又根据第三段的首句"I have applied this principle t ther areas f my life"可知,作者把这个原则应用到她生活的其他方面。由此说明,第二段叙述的是作者这一生活原则的起因,故选A。2.B　理解观点、态度　根据第四段中的"But expectatins als extend t ther areas f life, including what peple at certain life stages shuld be ding r nt ding. Expectatins at my age can center n hw leisure time is grandmther"可知,期望也延伸到生活的其他方面,包括人们在某些人生阶段应该做什么或不应该做什么。作者认为,在她这个年纪,期望可能集中在如何度过闲暇时间、关于就业的决定,甚至是扮演祖母的角色。也就是说,作者认为生活期望在不同的人生阶段是有所不同的。故选B。3.C　推断　根据第五段的内容可知,作者过去认为是年轻人承受着同辈压力,但很容易把退休看作是另一种需要达到基准的职业。我们经常把别人做的作为参照点。这是一个比较陷阱。由此可推知,退休人员也面临着同辈压力。故选C。4.C　理解主旨要义(文章大意)　根据最后一段的内容可知,作者想告诉我们:忘记别人在做什么。他们的节奏不一定是你应该跑的节奏。用你自己的方式奔跑。没有好坏之分——只是不同而已。因此,作者主要想传达的信息是人们应该按照自己的节奏生活。故选C。
Passage 2话题:学会拒绝　　主题语境:人与自我　词数:约335　　难度:★★★☆☆　　Kindness is seen as a true strength, and the success f civilizatins relies n kindness. We teach children frm a yung age t "be kind t ne anther" and "treat thers the way yu want t be treated". Being kind is even shwn t be gd fr well-being. Accrding t May Clinic, when we perfrm acts f kindness, the pleasure center in ur brain is activated, releasing the stress-reducing hrmne(激素). Individuals wh vlunteer n a regular basis reprt greater life satisfactin.That said, cnsider the fllwing questin: Culd kindness ever be cnsidered harmful t us when it has such clear benefits? Let’s think abut this assuming we are in the wrkplace.Yu are a new persn n the team, and yu want t be well-liked and respected by yur c-wrkers. Yu are a kind persn and tell yur team, "Let me knw hw I can help yu; I’m always available t help."Thugh yu may truly mean this, there are peple in this wrld wh can cnsider yur kindness as weakness unfrtunately. This can lead t yu being taken advantage f by thers.Let’s fast-frward t a year later. Yu have been in yur psitin nw fr ne year, and yu are wrking with the same team. Yu ntice that yur c-wrkers cntinue asking fr yur succr ver and ver again. In fact, the nly time they interact with yu is when they need smething. Yu have been always at yur c-wrkers’ service and there has rarely been any return frm them. Imagine the level f discuragement yu’re feeling!In a very brad sense, it is advantageus t be kind t thers, and yur kind acts will be appreciated and,
perhaps, pay ff. Hwever, yu need t be willing t say "n". When peple ask yu fr a favr, assess if yu have the time, energy and attentin t give help t them. T truly be kind, smetimes yu need t be mre cmfrtable t say "n" t thers and say "yes" t yurself.1Why is May Clinic mentined?A.T stress the imprtance f kindness.B.T explain the reasns fr being kind. C.T shw the psitive effect f kindness. D.T assess the current kindness educatin.2Which f the fllwing can replace the underlined wrd "succr" in paragraph 3?A.Cmfrt. B.Cmpany.C.Interactin. des the authr suggest ding in the last paragraph?A.Finding the best way t refuse thers.B.Being a little mre self- grateful fr thers’ kind gestures.D.Acknwledging yur effrts and sacrifices.4What is the text mainly discussing?A.Are we hurting urselves with kindness?B.Why are randm acts f kindness imprtant?C.Is the pwer f kindness at wrk undervalued?D.Hw can shwing kindness prmte well-being?
【解析】 本文讲述了真正的善良并不是一味满足他人的要求,要学会拒绝。1.C　理解目的　明题意:本题问的是"作者为什么提及May Clinic?"→寻线索:根据第一段中的"Being kind is even shwn t be gd fr well-being"可知,善良甚至被证明对健康有益。紧接着,作者陈述了May Clinic的观点,即当我们做善事时,大脑中的愉快中枢被激活,释放出减压激素。定期做志愿者的人对生活的满意度更高。由此可知,作者提及May Clinic是为了说明善良的积极影响→定答案:A项"强调善良的重要性";B项"解释友善的原因";C项"说明善良的积极影响";D项"评价当前的善良教育"。故选C。2.D　理解词汇　根据第二段中的"Let me knw hw I can help yu; I’m always available t help"及第三段中的"Let’s fast-frward t a year later""cntinue asking fr""the nly time they interact with yu is when they need smething. Yu have been always at yur c-wrkers’ service and there has rarely been any return frm them"可知,刚入职时,你告诉同事你随时可以为他们提供帮助。一年过去了,你的同事们只有在他们需要什么东西的时候才会与你互动交流。你一直为你的同事们服务,却几乎没有得到任何回报。由此可知,画线词所在句表示"你注意到你的同事们继续不停地向你寻求帮助"。画线词succr的含义为"帮助,援助",assistance的含义与之相近,故选D。3.B　推断　根据最后一段中的"yu need t be willing t say ‘n’... smetimes yu need t be mre cmfrtable t say ‘n’ t thers and say ‘yes’ t yurself"可知,你需要愿意说"不"。当有人向你寻求帮助时,评估一下你是否有时间、精力和注意力来帮助他们。做到真正的善良,有时你需要更自如地对别人说"不",对自己说"是"。由此可推知,作者给出的建议是要更加注重自我一些。故选B。
4.A　理解主旨要义(文章大意)　明题意:本题问的是"这篇文章主要在讨论什么?"→寻线索:综观全文可知,作者先引入善良这一话题,进而提到善良的益处,然后笔锋一转,发出提问"当善良有如此明显的好处时,它会被认为对我们有害吗?"。接着作者以工作场所中的例子对这一问题进行阐释和论述,最后给出了自己的建议。由此可知,本文主要讨论的是善良是否会对我们有害→定答案:A项"我们是在用善良伤害自己吗?";B项"为什么随机的善举很重要?";C项"善良的力量在工作中被低估了吗?";D项"表现出善意是如何促进幸福的?"。故选A。
【二次精读】　　词汇积累:civilizatin n.文明社会　activate v.使活动,激活,使活化　that said话虽如此　well-liked adj.受欢迎的,受喜爱的 take advantage f欺骗,占……的便宜;利用　fast-frward v.跳到,快进　at the service f sb./ at sb.’s service随时可供使用(或可以帮助)
【易错点拨】　　曲解原文——根据最后一段中的"yu need t be willing t say ‘n’""smetimes yu need t be mre cmfrtable t say ‘n’ t thers"可知,作者建议你要学会对别人说"不",而不是找到拒绝的最佳方式,故可排除A项。
过能力　关键能力强化提升Passage 1话题:诗与生活　　主题语境:人与社会　　词数:约325　　难度:★★★★☆　　In my Ancient t Medieval Literature class, my students celebrate and are walking n air when they get t the last bk f the term, because it's nt a petry bk but a prse(散文) ne. But it’s nt just my students wh dn’t enjy petry—few adults find themselves desiring an evening with it. Mst peple cmplain that petry is t difficult t understand r nt accessible enugh. But I think it's deeper than that.Nwadays, we have becme s caught up in the shallw bustle(喧闹) f the wrld, senseless in ur shrtsightedness, self-satisfied with ur success and prud f ur prductivity. Our days are filled with "busy" because being busy is easy. T d ten things in five hurs is easy; t d ne thing fr five hurs is difficult. We becme unable t ccupy urselves with listening t a bird’s mrning sng r spend an hur staying alne in deep and free thught. We have lst the miner’s skills in digging. We've just cntented urselves in shallw waters.Many peple think there’s n payff in reading petry. It just desn’t fit int the fast-paced, shallw, prductivity-driven culture. Reading petry des take wrk, but the wrk is rewarding: as ne wrestles with a pem—reading it alud, reading it silently, reading it ver and ver again—the meaning and beauty surface frm it with clarity. Once we explre the depths f petry, we’ll realize it has reached ur wn sul. And as we learn this practice in reading petry, we learn this practice in reading life.
As a child we learned t crawl(爬), then walk, and then run. And we never stp running. But perhaps, if we take a break frm being "prductive" and lk up frm ur plans, we might see the warm sunshine and hear birds singing as described in pems. Petry makes a man himself again when he flashes a smile because f these beautiful scenes.1Hw d the students feel abut the prse learning?A.Surprised.B.Unsatisfied.C.Excited. are peple nwadays like in the authr’s eyes?A.They are prud f their shrtsightedness.B.They suffer terribly frm the busy are separated frm the surrundings.D.They lse the ability t think deeply abut things.3What can be inferred abut petry and life frm paragraph 3?A.It takes hard wrk t truly understand is imprved by the existence f petry is a practice f self- petry begins with a desire fr a reward.4What message is cnveyed in the last paragraph?A.Reading petry is actually a gradual prcess.B.A psitive attitude t life brings gd shuld stp t enjy the beauty f is less imprtant than a gd plan.
【解析】 文章分析了人们不爱读诗的原因,并建议人们给忙碌的生活按下暂停键,体会生活的美好。1.C　理解具体信息　根据第一段中的"my students celebrate and are walking n air ... prse(散文) ne""it’s nt just my students wh dn’t enjy petry"可知,作者的学生们不喜欢读诗。当他们开始本学期的最后一本书时,他们都在庆祝,并欢呼雀跃,因为这不是诗集,而是散文。由此可知,学散文时学生们应是很兴奋的。故选C。
【名师点津】　　本题的解题关键是对"celebrate and are walking n air"的正确理解,celebrate"庆祝,庆贺"和walking n air"欣喜若狂,得意扬扬"均表明学生们当时是非常高兴的。
2.D　推断　各选项分析如下:
3.A　推断　明题意:本题问的是"关于诗与人生,我们能从第三段中推断出什么?"→寻线索:根据第三段中的"reading it alud, reading it silently, reading it ver and ver learn this practice in reading life"可知,大声读,默读,反复读之后才能理解一首诗的真正含义,即"书读百遍,其义自见"。我们若掌握了读诗的方法,自然也就掌握了读懂人生的方法。由此可知,人生和诗一样,需要花费工夫才能理解其真谛→定答案:A项"需要花费工夫才能真正理解人生";B项"诗的存在使生活更加美好";C项"学习诗歌是一种自我反省的方法";D项"读诗以渴望获得回报开始"。故选A。4.C　推断　明题意:本题问的是"最后一段传达了什么信息?"→寻线索:根据最后一段中的"As a child we learned t crawl(爬)... hear birds singing as described in pems"可知,人自出生以后就不停地前行。或许人们应给忙碌的生活按下暂停键,享受诗中描述的阳光和鸟鸣。由此可推知,作者认为人们应该停下来享受生活之美→定答案:A项"读诗其实是一个渐进的过程";B项"积极的生活态度会带来好运";C项"人们应该停下来享受生活之美";D项"一个好的计划比生产效率更重要"。故选C。
【二次精读】　　熟词生义:1.wrestle常用义:v.摔跤　文章义:v.奋力对付,努力处理,全力解决She spent the whle weekend wrestling with the prblem.她整个周末都在绞尽脑汁处理这个问题。2.surface常用义:n.表面　文章义:v.重新出现,显露,被披露Dubts began t surface.质疑声开始出现。词汇积累:becme/be caught up in sth.被卷入,陷入　shallw adj.肤浅的,浅薄的;浅的,不深的　senseless adj.不明智的;无道理的,无意义的　rewarding adj.值得做的,有益的　clarity n.清晰,清楚,明确　flash a smile (at sb.)(对某人)一笑
Passage 2话题:人人都有口音　　主题语境:人与社会　　词数:约315　　难度:★★★★☆　　[2023湖北武汉四月调研]When I mentined t sme friends that we all have accents, mst f them prudly replied, "Well, I speak perfect English/Chinese/etc." But this kind f respnse misses the pint. Mre ften than nt, what we mean when we say smene "has an accent" is that their accent is different frm the lcal ne, r that prnunciatins are different frm ur wn. But this definitin f accents is limiting and culd give rise t prejudice. Funnily enugh, in terms f the language study, every persn speaks with an accent. It is the regular differences in hw we prduce sunds that define ur accents. Even if yu dn’t hear it yurself, yu speak with sme srt f accent. In this sense, it’s pintless t pint ut that smene "has an accent". We all d!Every persn speaks a dialect(方言), t. In the field f the language study, a dialect is a versin f a language that is characterized by its variatins f structure, phrases and wrds. Fr instance,"Yu gt eat r nt?"( meaning "Have yu eaten?")is an acceptable and understd questin in Singapre Oral English. The fact that this expressin wuld cause a standard American English speaker t take pause desn’t mean that Singapre Oral English is "wrng" r "ungrammatical". The sentence is well-frmed and clearly cmmunicative, accrding t native Singapre English speakers’ slid system f grammar. Why shuld it be wrng just because it’s different?We need t mve beynd a narrw cnceptin f accents and dialects—fr the benefit f everyne. Language differences like these prvide insights int peple’s cultural experiences and backgrunds. In a
glbal age, the way ne speaks is a distinct part f ne’s identity. Mst peple wuld be happy t talk abut the cultures behind their speech. We'd learn mre abut the wrld we live in and make friends alng the way. 1What des the authr think f his/her friends’ respnse in paragraph 1?A.It reflects their self-cnfidence. B.It reflects their language levels. C.It misses the pint f cmmunicatin. D.It misses the real meaning f accents. 2Why des the authr use the example f Singapre Oral English?A.T justify the use f dialects. B.T shw the diversity f dialects. C.T crrect a grammatical mistake. D.T highlight a traditinal apprach. 3What des the authr recmmend us t d in the last paragraph?A.Learn t speak with ur lcal dialect. B.Seek fr an fficial definitin f accents. C.Appreciate the value f accents and dialects. D.Distinguish ur lcal languages frm thers’. 4What can be a suitable title fr this passage?A.Everyne Has an AccentB.Accents Enhance Our IdentitiesC.Dialects Lead t MisunderstandingD.Standard English Is at Risk
【解析】 本文主要讲述了口音指的是什么,口音存在的普遍性以及口音的价值所在。1.D　推断　根据第一段中的"Well, I speak perfect English/Chinese/etc."和第二段中的"what we mean when we say smene... with an accent"可知,通常情况下,当我们说某人"有口音"时,我们的意思是某个人的口音与当地的口音有差别或者和我们自己的发音有区别,事实上每个人都有口音。据此可以推测,朋友的回答很明显误解了"口音"的真正含义,故D项正确。2.A　推断　举例一般是为了说明上文中提到的较为抽象或晦涩的概念。根据第三段中举例前面的"a dialect is a versin f a language that is characterized by its variatins f structure, phrases and wrds"可以看出,作者之所以拿新加坡的英语口语举例是为了说明方言是一种语言变体,它的特点是结构、短语和单词的变形。由该段最后一句也可知,不能因为方言是不同的就认为它不正确。故A项"证明使用方言是正当的"正确。3.C　推断　根据最后一段中的"Language differences like these prvide insights int ... make friends alng the way"可知,语言的差异会让我们更加了解不同的文化经历和背景,了解我们居住的世界,并帮助我们结交朋友。由此可以推断,作者建议我们要懂得欣赏口音和方言的价值,故C项正确。4.A　理解主旨要义(标题判断)　本文第一段通过朋友们的反应引出口音这个话题;第二段讲述了对口音的正确理解,并指出每个人都有口音;第三段讲到了每个人都在讲方言,并以新加坡英语口语为例证明使用方言是正当的;第四段讲到了口音和方言的价值所在,并鼓励读者学会欣赏口音和方言。故A项"每个人都有口音"适合作本文的标题。
【二次精读】　　核心单词:limiting adj. 限制性的　pintless adj. 无意义的;无目标的;不值得做的　cmmunicative adj. 交际能力的　cnceptin n. (对某事物的) 概念,理解核心短语:give rise t使发生,引起难句分析:The fact that this expressin wuld cause a standard American English speaker t take pause 同位语从句desn’t mean that Singapre  Oral English is "wrng" r "ungrammatical".  宾语从句译文:这个表达会导致一个说标准美式英语的人停顿,但这一事实并不意味着新加坡英语口语是"错误的"或"不符合语法的"。
Passage 3话题:授人以鱼不如授人以渔　　主题语境:人与自我　　词数:约315　　难度:★★★★☆　　创新设问[2023福建省适应性练习卷]Yu’ve heard an ld Chinese saying befre: Give a man a fish and yu feed him fr a day; teach a man t fish and yu feed him fr a lifetime. Yu may even be ndding yur head in agreement right nw. Hwever,we can have a different understanding f it.When a persn is starving, that’s nt the time t fill their head with knwledge but t first give the persn a fish—eradicating their hunger—and nly then teach them t fish. Far t ften, peple ignre this cmmn-sense first step. They see smene wh is struggling, and they rush t ffer wisdm. "Let me tell yu what I’d d in yur psitin," a well-meaning individual might ffer.But few f us understand the anxiety, cnfusin and uncertainty that cme with verwhelming need. Peple meeting with persnal disasters dn’t have the ability t think straight. Their nerves may be sht. Their cnfidence may be nn-existent. Can yu imagine what it wuld be like t be in that persn’s situatin?Rushing t ffer a struggling persn lng-term advice is a waste f time. Instead, it makes far mre sense t help them regain their emtinal balance. Once their ears, heart and mind pen, yu'll have an pprtunity t teach a new skill.But hw d we knw whether a persn needs a fish befre a fishing lessn? Tw things: One is the ability t pay attentin. We need t knw whether the persn is pen and receptive, r lking at the wrld with narrwed eyes. Yu can’t just take their wrds but have t lk at hw the persn acts and what they dn’t say. The ther is empathy(共情).The mre successful yu are, the harder it is t imagine what it must be like t be
the ppsite. Try t create a safe envirnment fr emtinal acceptance befre the fishing lessn.1What is the functin f the first paragraph?A.T illustrate a cncept.B.T bring in a new intrduce the backgrund.D.T put up an example.2What des the underlined wrd "eradicating" mean in Paragraph 2?A.Getting rid f.B.Paying attentin up fr.D.Putting up with.3What shuld we d first fr thse in disasters?A.Get them t think straight.B.Enhance their their primary needs.D.Teach them a new skill.4Which des the authr prbably agree with accrding t the last paragraph?A.Live and learn.B.Never teach a fish t yurself in thers' shes.D.Dn't teach an ld dg new tricks.
【解析】 人们总认为饥饿的人最需要的是食物,只有填饱肚子才能帮助他们平复因饥饿而产生的焦虑、困惑等消极因素,让他们愿意接受新思想,第二步才能教会他们智慧和方法。但是,人们往往忽视了第一步的重要性。1.B　推断　通读第一段并结合下文内容可知,该段从中国谚语"授人以鱼不如授人以渔"说起,引出本文的新观点:在别人饥饿时,当务之急是给他食物让他消除饥饿,这是关键的一步,却常被人忽略。故B项正确。2.A　理解词汇　根据第二段的"t first give the persn a fish—eradicating their hunger"并结合常识可知,当一个人挨饿的时候,不要给他灌输知识,而是先给他一条鱼,以消除他们的饥饿,然后再教他们钓鱼。据此可知,画线词意为"消除",故A项正确。3.C　推断　根据第二段的"When a persn them t fish"可知,当一个人挨饿的时候,不要给他灌输知识,而是先给他一条鱼——消除他们的饥饿——然后再教他们钓鱼。据此可以推知,对于那些身陷灾难中的人,我们首先应当满足其基本需求,故C项正确。4.C　推断　通读尾段可知,尾段指出确定一个人在上钓鱼课之前是否需要一条鱼,第一要看对方集中注意力的能力,要确定对方是开放的、乐意接受的;第二是要有同理心,即让对方在安全的环境中接受帮助。据此可知,尾段强调应当设身处地为别人着想,故C项正确。A项意为"活到老,学到老";B项意为"不要班门弄斧";D项意为"老古董学不会新东西",都与文意不符。
【二次精读】　　核心单词:ignre v. 佯装未见,不理睬;忽视　individual n. 个人　verwhelming adj. 难以抗拒的,令人不知所措的　emtinal adj. 情感的,情绪的;激动人心的　receptive adj. (对新观点、建议等)愿意倾听的,乐于接受的
Passage 4话题:对于修建水坝的争议　　主题语境:人与自然　　词数:约325　　难度:★★★★☆　　Arund the wrld, rivers seem t be either flding r shrinking. While Pakistan’s rivers have left ne-third f that cuntry flded and millins f peple withut hmes, a drught(旱灾)unseen fr 500 years has left Eurpe’s majr waterways almst dry. In the United States, the Kentucky River suffered deadly flding this summer, while the Clrad River drpped sharply, which brught abut water distributin cuts acrss several states.There is little disagreement abut what’s ging n: Scientists have warned fr years that ur changing climate will cause the frequency f bth rainfall and drughts t increase, making the wet wetter and the dry drier, with ever mre extreme impacts n rivers. The questin nw may be hw t manage thse waterways affected by climate change and, specifically, what rle dams shuld r shuld nt play in relieving the disasters we've been seeing lately and will see mre f.Advcates say water strage dams will becme mre significant which can stp water during flding and allw it ut in times f drughts. Dams, they say, can help relieve climate change by prducing clean hydrpwer(水电). "Dams and hydrpwer are fundamental t climate relief and adaptatin," says Richard Taylr, a leading hydrpwer expert. Nt s, cunter pinins claim dams d mre harm than gd. Their arguments have lng centered n the negative impact mst dams have n bidiversity and river ecsystems, and increasing data shw that dams actually wrsen bth flds and drughts. They als pint ut studies have shwn that lakes created by dams
ften prduce far mre harmful greenhuse gases than peple previusly understd. "Dams are thught t be a climate slutin," says Isabella Winkler, wh c-leads Internatinal Rivers, a advcacy grup. "They have been praised as a surce f green energy but they are actually nt." Besides, scientists warn that many existing dams use perating rules based n ld climate assumptins. New dams, experts agree, must be built fr the wrst cases.1Hw des the authr intrduce the tpic in paragraph 1?A.By explaining reasns. B.By making describing a disaster. D.By intrducing sme findings.2What has been a lng-existing cncern t scientists?A.Building dams destrys the ecsystem. B.Natural disasters ccur mre are in terrible cnditin widely. D.Climate change wrsens natural disasters. 3What’s Isabella Winkler’s attitude twards building dams?A.Oppsed. B.Uncertain. C.Favrable. is mainly talked abut in the text? A.What accunts fr the difference in rainfall? B.Is hydrpwer really envirnmentally friendly?C.Is building dams the way t fight climate change?D.Wh is t blame fr the increasing natural disasters?
【解析】 科学家们多年来一直警告不断变化的气候将导致降雨和干旱的频率增加,对河流的影响越来越极端。然而,对于在河流上修建的水坝,科学家们褒贬不一。1.B　推断(写作手法)　明题意:本题问的是"作者在第一段中是如何引入主题的?"→寻线索:根据第一段中的"While Pakistan’s rivers have left ne-third f that cuntry several states"可知,巴基斯坦的河流已经使该国三分之一的地区被洪水淹没,数百万人无家可归,与此同时,一场500年未见的干旱使欧洲的主要水道几乎干涸。在美国,肯塔基河今年夏天遭遇了致命的洪水,而科罗拉多河的水位急剧下降,导致几个州的供水减少。由此可知,作者是通过作比较的方式来引入主题的→定答案:A项"通过解释原因";B项"通过作比较";C项"通过描述一次灾难";D项"通过介绍一些发现"。故B项正确。2.D　理解具体信息　根据第二段中的"There is little disagreement abut what's ging n: Scientists have warned fr ever mre extreme impacts n rivers"可知,科学家们多年来一直警告说,不断变化的气候将导致降雨和干旱的频率增加,使湿润的地方更湿润,干旱的地方更干旱,对河流的影响越来越极端。由此可知,气候变化加剧了自然灾害是科学家们长期以来的担忧。故选D项。
【易错点拨】　　断章取义——部分考生看到第一段的内容和第二段中的"changing climate will cause the frequency f bth rainfall and drughts t increase"就误以为科学家们担心的是自然灾害更加频繁,然而下文中的"making the wet wetter and the dry drier, with ever mre extreme impacts n rivers"表明,气候变化使洪涝和干旱灾害变得更加严重,故排除B项。
3.A　理解观点、态度　根据题干中的Isabella Winkler可将解题信息定位至最后一段。根据最后一段中的"cunter pinins claim dams d mre harm than gd"可知,最后一段重点介绍的是水坝反对者的观点。再根据Isabella Winkler的话"Dams are thught t be a climate slutin""They have been praised as a surce f green energy but they are actually nt"可知,Isabella Winkler认为,水坝被认为是一种气候问题的解决方案,它们被誉为绿色能源的来源,但实际上它们并不是。由此可推知,Isabella Winkler对建设水坝持反对态度。4.C　理解主旨要义(文章大意)　明题意:本题问的是"本文主要谈论了什么?"→寻线索:通读全文可知,前两段介绍了气候变化使洪涝和干旱灾害频发,并提出了科学家们争论的焦点:水坝的作用;第三段介绍了支持者的观点;最后一段主要介绍了反对者的看法。由此可知,本文重点围绕建水坝是否是应对气候变化的一种方式展开→定答案:A项"什么导致了降雨量的不同?";B项"水力发电真的环保吗?";C项"建水坝是应对气候变化的方法吗?";D项"谁该为日渐增多的自然灾害负责?"。故C项正确。
【二次精读】　　核心单词:shrink v.(使)缩水,收缩,缩小　distributin n.分配,分布　advcate n.拥护者,支持者,提倡者 v.拥护,支持,提倡 strage n.贮存,贮藏 熟词生义:cunter 常用义:n.(商店、银行等的)柜台　 文章义:n.(对意见、态度等的)反对,反驳The plicy is intended as a cunter t effrts t decrease spending n educatin.这项政策旨在对抗减少教育支出的努力。