1 短文语法填空之考点破解 2024年中考英语二轮专项练习（江苏）

这是一份1 短文语法填空之考点破解 2024年中考英语二轮专项练习（江苏），文件包含1短文语法填空之考点破解解析版docx、1短文语法填空之考点破解原题版docx等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共36页， 欢迎下载使用。

【题型解读】
语法填空题一共有10个空,其中有6~7个空考查实词,括号内有给出相关的词,另外的3~4个空为考查虚词,不给出相关的词。此题型主要考查学生对语法和词法知识的掌握和运用。要注意不同词性的构词法,学会分析空格里的词在句子中的成分也很重要。其考查形式分为给出提示词和不给出提示词两种：
词性转换（如名词、动词、形容词与副词等的词性转换）；名词单、复数变化；形容词和副词的比较等级变化；动词的时态、语态以及非谓语动词等。
根据上下文语境填入冠词、副词、连词、代词及介词等。
【命题规律】
根据设题规律，可将语法填空题的基本思路归纳成下表：
That的用法、疑问代词（what、wh、which、whm、whse）和疑问副词（when、where、hw、why）的用法
引导词

名词之前,尤其是泛指”一”,或特指某个人或事物;泛指用a/an,特指用the
冠词
虚词
当空格后的名词在句中不是作主语，表语或动词宾语时，选填介词；注意 搭配 常为介词考查主要内容依据。
介词
空格前后都是句子（一个主谓就为一个句子）；前后都是并列单词或短语
1. 单词/短语+并列连词+单词/短语；2. 一个句子+并连/从连+一个句子
3. 从属连词+一个句子，一个句子（主句）；主句+连词（关系词）+从句
连词
1. 词性转换 形容词、副词、动词（同一词根）
名词
2. 名词的单复数、所有格、可数与不可数

形容词
1. 词性转换（变反义词或副词）
2. 比较级或最高级的几种用法


副词
同形容词
时态，注意常考时态
实词
语态，即被动语态
作谓语



动词

1. 词性转换 （动词变动名词或不定式）

1. t d 表:将来/目的
作非谓语


2. V-ing 表:主动/进行/已经发生
2. 非谓语
3. V-ed 表:被动/完成


人称代词、不定代词、反身代词

代词
物主代词：形容词性物主代词后必须加名词; 名词性物主代词作
主语，宾语，本身就是名词，后不需再加名词。

指代上文事物
形式主语
形式宾语
强调句型
It的用法

【解题技巧】
先读首句，预猜文章大意；（若猜不出文章大意，就快速浏览全文）；
边读边填 ；（看要填的空有无提示词，有，是哪些词？用以上的方法去套用）
考点分布一般比较均匀，除动词外，考点一般不重复。
【分配：名词 + 动词 + 形容词 + 副词 + 冠词 + 介词 + 连词 + 连接词 + 代词】
有提示词均需要变形，且变形方向是固定的。因此想不出答案时可以根据考点依次带入排除。如3-4个无提示词的填空已经填入了冠词、介词、连词，则剩下大概率是三大从句的连接词或者疑问词）
【考点诠释】
名词考点：
名词的形式变化主要有可数名词单数复数、名词所有格、词性转变、固定搭配。
名词单复数（依据：横线前有表示复数的词如a few，lts f，these，thse，或者数量词等，或者there be句型中be动词为复数are或were形式）
名词所有格（依据：横线后又是名词且提示词的名词对后面的名词不形成修饰关系，而形成从属关系）
名词词性变化（依据：根据前后文词性判断名词是否要变化成相应的形容词、副词、动词等）
Many men in this situatin wuld want their 164 (wife) t stay with the child, but my dad always thinks abut thers befre himself. This made me start t respect him.
“The hard life had nt nly given me the curage t face s many 26 （difficulty）and challenges, but als inspired（鼓舞）me t chase my dream.”
They are nt nly gd scenery, but als friends f lcal peple and 60 (turist)
They wre 66 (hat), scarves and gggles (护目镜) all the time. In summer, it was s ht that the wrkers had t lie dwn n the grund next t their cars t cl ff.
It was 84 (danger). He tk a big breath and swam back t save them.
And she even didn’t want t g hme when we were leaving. It was really a 80 (wnder) day.
动词【两大方向：谓语动词与非谓语动词】：
时态 + 语态
（依据1：前后文的时态和形式，或者时间状语；
依据2：特殊句型；
依据3：前后文的被动关系）
非谓语动词的三种形式 [ding,，dne，t d]（根据固定的搭配形式来改变动词形式，如want t d就要把d变t d，finish ding就要把d变ding）
【注意】实义动词与实义动词是不可能以两个动词原形的形式直接衔接在一起的，后面一个一定会变形。
比如实义动词want，play，practice在一起，可以形成want play（错），want t play（对），practice t play（错），practice playing（对）
因此，当做到动词题的时候一定要往前一个词看，找是否有实义动词，如果有，则横线上填写的动词肯定是非谓语动词的三种形式之一。【…动词 ______(动词)】
如果横线与前一个动词之间还夹着别的成分，那需要按着语法来判断。【…动词 + 代词/名词 + ______(动词)】
【用t d的其他形式】
1、后置定语（动词不定式在句中作定语时一般都要放在所修饰名词或代词的后面）
如： 1、a chance t d sth 做某事的一个机会 2、the way t d sth 做某事的办法
3、the best time t d sth 做某事的最佳时间 4、smething t eat 一些吃的东西
5、smething t drink 一些喝的东西 6、a lt f wrk t d 许多要做的工作
7、get / have a chance t d sth. 得到一个做某事的机会
2、It’s+形容词（adj.）+fr(f) +sb +t d sth对某人来说做某事怎么样
【分析】形容词（adj.）修饰文中的事情既t d sth时，人前的介词用fr ； 但是如果形容词（adj.）修饰文中的人既sb时，人前面的介词用f.
①It’s hard fr me t learn English well.（句子 hard 是修饰动词不定式t learn English well，意为学好英语难，所以用的介词是fr sb.）
②It’s kind f yu t help me.（句中kind“善良的”修饰yu(人) 意为你善良，所以介词用f sb.）
3、It takes sb. sme time/mney t d sth. 花费某人多长时间做某事（常考）
4、It’s time fr sb. t d sth. 是某人做某事的时候了
After learning the devil wuld cme again t his hme village n the ninth day f the ninth lunar mnth, he went back. He 4 (lead) the peple frm his village up a muntain. He asked them 5 (carry) zhuyu and drink sme chrysanthemum wine.
………………..
The whle village celebrated, because they 8 (save) by the brave yung man. That is why tday the festival is cnnected with muntain climbing, zhuyu and chrysanthemum wine.
Nie gets up early and cmes hme late every day. 56 (lk) fr macaques, he walks arund the frest.
Finally, the great man succeeded in 18 (deal) with a lt f difficulties and went ut f the island because f his fighting spirit and hard wrk.
S far, China’s frest 70 (increase) by ver 70,000,000 hectares (公顷). One tree after anther, these peple built a green Great Wall.
形容词与副词考点：
形容词比较级与最高级（依据1：比较级看句子中是否有than，最高级看形容词前面是否有the或后面有没有in/f+范围的形式。依据2：横线前有even，much、a little/bit等后面需要用比较级的词）
固定句型（常见的为比较级的相关句型：the mre…the mre…，mre and mre。表示建议的句型：had better d sth。表示状态的句型：主语+ be + adj + t d）
形容词副词化（依据：提示词为形容词，空格后有谓语动词或者形容词；或者空格位于句首，用逗号隔开）
动词的ing与ed形式（依据：横线前有be动词或是后面有名词，则用ing形式；横线前有人称代词或人名，则用ed形式）
否定变化（如happy变成unhappy）】
注意：形容词是修饰名词的，而副词是修饰动词、形容词与副词本身的。
The new schl is much better than my ld schl in Cuba, such as it is 143 (big) and mre beautiful than my ld ne.
16 (unlucky), after he grew up, he actually lived n an island fr 28 years, where n peple lived.
Three mnths 27 （late）, he went t an Air Frce flight cllege in Bading, Hebei prvince.
Tai Chi is a symbl f Chinese culture. It was first develped in China as wushu, but it’s becming ne f the 46 (ppular) sprts arund the wrld.
Nie is like a parent, and all the macaques are like his children. “The macaques are 59 (lve) and cute.
代词考点：
宾格（横线在谓语动词后面）
形容词性物主代词（横线后面有名词）
名词性物主代词（横线后面没有名词，前面有f或者前面有be动词等动词）
反身代词（横线前有和括号里同一类的且做主语成分的代词，此时把括号内的代词改为反身代词）
不定代词（一般以sme/ever/any + thing为主，其次是thers，anther）
It was difficult t plant trees here. The wrkers had t cver 65 (them) r their muths wuld be full f sand.
Then I saw 88 (he) cme up ut f the water like a dlphin.
Hw 98 （they） use was intrduced t ther cuntries is nt knwn.
Wh shuld yu write t? Think abut a friend r relative that lives far away. A parent r best friend wuld als lve t receive 133 (yu) letter.
Many men in this situatin wuld want their wives t stay with the child, but my dad always thinks abut 165 (ther) befre himself. This made me start t respect him.
During 17 (that) years, he had t experience hunger and fight against natural disasters (灾害).
数量词考点：
基数词变序数词（横线前一般有the）
基数词变次数（一般只考nce，twice）
单位词变复数（主要是百-hundred，千-thusand，百万-millin，十亿-billin的用法）
注意： 300名学生——three hundred students（此时hundred后无s）
成百上千名学生——hundreds f students（hundred后有了f则要加s）
成百上千名学生——hundreds upn hundreds f students
Last weekend, it was my little sister Anna’s 71 (nine) birthday. She kept asking us t take her ut t play. It was a lvely day in spring. After a discussin, we decided t pick strawberries n a farm.
介词考点：
单一介词（即介词表示某种具体的含义，如方向或时间，能够根据上下文含义推理出来）
动词、形容词、介词词组中的固定搭配，例如：cme/be frm，fall in lve with……
注意：介词的判断依据除了看有没有词组，还可以依靠横线后的词性，因为介词后面只能接名词性质的词，所以后面要么是名词和代词，要么是动词ing形式。
He suggested me ging there 37 ft because it was nt far.
Tai Chi is a fun exercise, easy t learn, and peple dn’t have t be gd 49 it t enjy it. He lves the feeling f calm he gets frm it.
连词考点：
根据词性判断（空格两边词性或结构一致，大概率是并列连词；一个长句被逗号或横线隔开，左右两边结构完整，有可能是从属连词构成的复合句）
根据逻辑判断（并列连词都是有很强的逻辑性的，可以根据上下文的意思来判断）
第一看横线前后的词性结构是否一致，如It makes us smart and healthy。此时smart和healthy就属于词性结构一致。
第二看横线前后是否有完整的主谓（宾）结构，如I dn't like her because she smkes t much。 左边主谓宾完整，右边主谓完整。
最后看逻辑关系，如果满足第一或第二，只需要把平常常考的连词代入去想就可以了。
【连词总结】and（常与bth组合出现），r（常与either组合出现），but（常与als组合出现，形成nt nly…but als…），nr（常与neither组合出现），because，s等
注意：hwever是副词，常用作连词使用，出现的形式是单独在句首，用逗号与后文隔开：hwever，后句。也可能是放在中间，左右都用逗号隔开：前句，hwever，后句
The “red spirit” has a deep influence n lts f Chinese peple, bth ld 41 yung.
Hwever, frks were nt used in England 97 1611. Chpsticks riginated in China, and are used in all Asian cultures.
And in sme areas in India, peple d nt celebrate the New Year, but cry. D yu knw why? It is said that they cry 120 time ges quickly and life is s shrt.
冠词考点：
冠词分类：定冠词（the），不定冠词（a/an），零冠词（一般不考）
[空格后面一定有名词，或是被形容词修饰的名词。所以做题一定要注意往横线后面一直看，看有没有名词出现。]
定冠词与不定冠词的区分：the用于特指，第二次出现，形容词最高级。a/an用于泛指，第一次出现，固定搭配。[根据元音音素来判断用a还是an，【特殊例子特殊记】an + hur / hnr / hnesty；a + useful / university]
3、固定词组与搭配：take a walk，have a fever中的a就是固定的，by the way中the也是固定搭配
Last mnth I went t UK and had 33 gd time. Let me tell yu what I did n the first day in Lndn, the capital f the UK.
T Asian peple, frks are 93 dd （奇怪的） utensil.
It’s 50 perfect way t help give yu a sense f happiness and peace after spending a tiring day. It’s wrth a g, isn’t it?
句子引导词、关系词等【常考的：that / whether / if/which/wh与各类疑问词等】
根据句子的结构和成分分析是考查定语从句、状语从句还是宾语从句来判定。
“Excuse me, d yu knw 38 (连词) there is a restaurant arund here?” I asked the yung man. With his help, I fund a gd restaurant.
In Hua’s phts, many things can 63 (find), frm the sandstrms t yung trees, as well as the peple 64 fight against desertificatin (沙漠化).
Beryl said, “I thught Christpher and Rsie were dead. Then I saw 88 (he) cme up ut f the water like a dlphin. 89 amazing it was!”
词性转换：
根据句子确定词性，再根据构词法知识进行词形式变化。
Bks play an 11 (imprtance) rle in ur life. Then which bk is yur favrite?
The clerk shwed me the 35 (direct) t the dinning hall.
Hw are the yung peple frm these places influenced by “red spirit”? Hw d they carry ut the spirit in their 44 (day) lives?
【典题举隅】
1.阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词（有提示词的，填入所给单词的正确形式）。
Last weekend, it was my little sister Anna’s 71 (nine) birthday. She kept asking us t take her ut t play. It was a lvely day in spring. After a discussin, we decided t pick strawberries n a farm.
As sn as we arrived 72 the farm, we started picking strawberries. Anna and I were carrying the baskets 73 Mm and Dad were picking the strawberries. After picking enugh strawberries, we went shpping at 74 small market. There were all kinds f fresh 75 (vegetable), fruits and snacks. Dad 76 (buy) each f us an ice cream. We liked them very much, 77 (especial) when they had the taste f strawberries. We als 78 (find) sme strawberry seeds. Next year we culd plant strawberries in ur yard. Anna enjyed 79 (her) very much that day. And she even didn’t want t g hme when we were leaving. It was really a 80 (wnder) day.
（2023·江苏苏州·中考真题）请认真阅读下面短文，在答题卡标有题号的横线上，填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Dancing with the Light
A few years ag, I visited the Classical Gardens f Suzhu. During the visit, my attentin was drawn away frm the plants, bridges and stnes, twards 1 walls f the gardens. Mstly white, sme parts f the walls are lsing small 2 (piece) f their cvering. This creates space in which light and plants can be 3 (see). The walls are nt nly the bundaries f the gardens, but they als frm prtected paths that guide yu n a trip.
The memry f the white walls stayed with me. I kept 4 (imagine) hw many shadws (影) culd be cllected by them t dance with the light. This fantastic mment was s lively 5 I came back t explre it with my camera.
Wrking 6 (free) with these walls and their marks, I began t feel like cllecting all the stries that were painted there. Weather and time have turned these 7 (amaze) white walls int Chinese landscape paintings.
I 8 (take) the phts during the mnth f June, just after the rain. The air was full f small drps f water, shwing the light and the clr 9 the things arund. As clr was brn ut f a dance between light and a bdy, when phtgraphing in clr I fund 10 (I) enjying a mment f this dance.
（2023·江苏常州·中考真题）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Dear Millie,
Yu asked me abut the Dragn Bat Festival. Nw let me tell yu smething abut it.
The Dragn Bat Festival is a traditinal Chinese festival we Chinese 11 (celebrate) fr ver 2, 000 years. It’s ne f the three mst imprtant lunar festivals in China, alng with the Spring Festival and the Mid-Autumn Festival. The Dragn Bat Festival takes place n the 12 (twenty-tw) f June this year.
Thrughut the years, many stries have been tld abut the 13 (begin) f this festival. Amng them, 14 (famus) ne is abut Qu Yuan, a well-knwn schlar in ancient China. He nt nly 15 (write) gd pems but als gave suggestins t the king. 16 he devted himself t his cuntry, the king didn’t like him. This great persn drwned (溺水) himself in the Milu River n the 5th day f the 5th Chinese lunar mnth because his Chu State fell t Qin State. Lcal peple tried t save him r find his bdy, but they didn’t 17 (success). Qu Yuan was later cnsidered as 18 natinal her. T remember him, every fifth day f the fifth lunar mnth, peple beat drums and g bat racing n the river as they nce did 19 (keep) fish away frm his bdy.
Dragn bat racing is ne f the mst imprtant custms Chinese peple practice t celebrate the Dragn Bat Festival. This activity 20 (hld) widely in China’s suthern and sutheastern areas where there are lts f rivers and lakes.
Lts f lve,
Wendy
（2023·江苏徐州·中考真题）用括号中所给单词的正确形式填空，使短文完整、通顺。
Frederic Chpin （1810-1849）was a great cmpser and an excellent pianist. He cmpsed twenty-fur shrt 21 (piece) fr the pian called preludes. The lngest ne, Prelude n.15, is better 22 (knw) by its nickname, the “Raindrp” Prelude. Hw did it get its nickname?
One day in 1838, when Chpin’s lver Gerge Sand went ut in a rainstrm, Chpin became wrried. While he 23 (wait) fr Sand, he wrte Prelude n.15.
When Sand came back, Chpin played 24 (she) the music. Sand thught the ntes sunded like raindrps. She let Chpin 25 (listen) t the raindrps falling n the rf. This made Chpin 26 (happy). He insisted that he never paid attentin t thse sunds r 27 (cpy) them.
Hwever, like Sand, many peple hear raindrps in this prelude. Sme ntes repeating thrughut the piece sund like raindrps. The flw f the music is like rain, t. The piece starts 28 (sft), but it gets luder, like rain getting 29 (heavy). Then the music gets quiet and finally 30 (end), like rain when it stps.
（2023·江苏宿迁·中考真题）根据短文内容，用括号内所给词的正确时态或形式填空，使短文完整。
Deng Qingming is ne f the three Chinese astrnauts carrying ut China’s Shenzhu-15 spaceship missin. He 31 (final) gt the chance t g t space after nearly 25 years f preparatin.
Deng was brn in a village in Jiangxi Prvince in 1966. As his 32 (parent) bth wrked in the fields, he had t lk after his yunger brthers and sisters. At that time, his dream was t g t cllege and find a jb 33 (supprt) his family.
Deng 34 (be) a member f the PLA Air Frce (空军) since 1984. When he left his village that year, his friends came t say gdbye t him. He was deeply tuched and decided t wrk hard. Years f hard 35 (train) made him an excellent pilt, and he was chsen as ne f the 36 (ne) grup f Chinese astrnauts in 1998.
Fr a lng time, Deng served as a backup (后备) astrnaut. His rad t space was 37 (lng) than that f his teammates. He spent almst all f his time preparing and waiting and he 38 (give) the chance t travel t space in the end.
Besides that, Deng’s wife supprted him a lt. She 39 (take) care f the whle family and never cmplained. “Yu’ve set an example t 40 (we) daughter and we are prud f yu,” she tld him.
After a lng wait, he flew int space by Shenzhu-15 spaceship in Nvember 2022 at last. Twenty-five years was quite a lng time, but Deng never gave up. Whenever the natin needs him, he is always waiting there, ready t take n any challenge.
（2023·江苏泰州·中考真题）阅读下面的短文，在空白处填入适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。有提示词的空格不限一词，无提示词的空格限填一词。
Students at a university in Anhui Prvince will prbably nt receive their diplmas (毕业文凭) if they fail a fitness test. The test has running, standing lng jump and sme ther sprts 41 (activity). This rule has caused ht discussin. Accrding t the plan, the new rule 42 (cme) int frce sn. And if students fail t pass the fitness tests, they wn’t get their diplmas.
Hwever, it is nt a ne-time test like gaka. Students wh fail the tests 43 graduatin will be given anther chance. He can take the test fr a 44 (tw) time. And if they fail again, they will have t take the test even after graduatin.
D yu think it is 45 nly university ding s? N! If students want t enter Tsinghua University, they als have t be able t swim. Or they will prepare t learn swimming. And they must pass a swimming test after schl begins.
Tsinghua University will ask the students 46 (learn) swimming and will rganize a swimming test fr all new students in September. If students fail t swim as lng as at least 50 metres, they will have t take the swimming curse thrughut their studies. And f curse, students are als reminded t learn and practise swimming 47 (safe). They will be able t swim by the time they graduate, 48 the university wn’t give them diplmas.
University students 49 (encurage) t d mre exercise after class. But sme just stay in the classrm all day lng. Few students take exercise even if they are free. They need t d sme exercise t keep 50 (they) healthy. Swimming is als a survival skill. It des n harm t peple at all and is the crrect sprt fr students. Any student wh wants t enter Tsinghua University, remember, swimming is yur necessary skill.