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7 阅读理解（名校模拟 说明文12篇）2024年中考英语二轮专项练习（江苏）
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学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________
一、阅读理解
（23-24九年级下·江苏南京·阶段练习）What is the mst stressful part f schl? It is prbably the exams. Exams can put us under a lt f pressure. But sme students d better under pressure, while thers d nt. S, why d sme students perfrm better under stress?
It all cmes dwn t dpamine (多巴胺). Dpamine is a chemical in ur bdy that sends signals t the brain. It has many imprtant rles—it affects ur memry, attentin span and hw we learn. Our brains wrk best when there is a balance f dpamine—nt t much r t little.
Our brains cntrl dpamine in tw ways. It either takes ut dpamine quickly r gradually (逐渐地). Exam success can be linked t hw fast dpamine ges back t an even balance, accrding t new research frm the University f Missuri.
What happens when we take an exam? If yu becme stressed, yur brain will start t verlad n dpamine. It is like a cup verflwing with water. The quicker yu are able t g back t an even balance f dpamine, the quicker yu can cncentrate, helping yu perfrm better n a test.
Scientists fund that during a test, peple wh slwly gt back t an even balance f dpamine scred eight percent lwer. That’s the difference between a gd grade and a bad grade.
But dn’t fear—there is gd news fr every student. The study als fund that the mre practice yu get, the less stressed yu’ll be.
S, it turns ut that practice really des make perfect.
1．Dpamine is a chemical in ur bdy that ________.
A．we need in rder t think
B．keeps ur brains wrking
C．sends signals t the brain
D．puts us under a lt f pressure
2．Which areas des dpamine play a rle in?
① remembering things
② getting enugh rest
③ paying attentin t teachers
④ affecting the way we learn
A．①②③B．①③④C．②③④D．①②④
3．What des the underlined wrd “verlad” mean?
A．raise the pressure f smething
B．stp smething frm happening
C．causing prblems fr smene
D．have t many/much f smething
4．Why d sme students d better under stress?
A．Because they prduce less dpamine than thers.
B．Because they can balance their dpamine mre slwly.
C．Because they can send a lt f dpamine t their brains.
D．Because they can achieve a better balance f dpamine quickly.
【答案】1．C 2．B 3．D 4．D
【分析】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了高压状态下，有些学生能学得更好，而有些学生却不能，这是由于大脑中多巴胺的平衡能力起着重要的作用。
1．细节理解题。根据“Dpamine is a chemical in ur bdy that sends signals t the brain.”可知，多巴胺是人体内的一种化学物质，在大脑中发出信号，故选C。
2．细节理解题。根据“It has many imprtant rles—it affects ur memry, attentin span and hw we learn.”可知，它有许多重要的作用：影响记忆、注意力和我们如何学习，故选B。
3．词句猜测题。根据“It is like a cup verflwing with water.”可知，装满水的杯子这个比喻指前面提到的内容，故上文是如果你感到压力，你的大脑就会开始对多巴胺产生超负荷的反应。因此，verlad的意思是“超载”，故选D。
4．细节理解题。根据“The quicker yu are able t g back t an even balance f dpamine, the quicker yu can cncentrate, helping yu perfrm better n a test.”可知，越快回到平衡的多巴胺，集中注意力越快，这可以帮你考试表现得更好，故选D。
二、阅读理解
（23-24九年级下·江苏无锡·开学考试）Mst f the new diseases we humans have faced in the past several decades have cme frm animals. The mre we cme int cntact with wild animals, the mre we risk a s-called disease “spillver” frm animals t humans.
“As peple mve and wildlife mve in respnse t a changing envirnment, humans and wildlife and animals will cme in cntact mre regularly,” said Jeanne Fair frm the Ls Alams Natinal Labratry in New Mexic. Fair argues that by shifting animal habitats, climate change will als make the pprtunities fr disease spillver mre frequent (频繁的). “Everything is srt f shifting and will shift int the future as the envirnment changes thrugh climate change,” Fair said.
Scientists, including climatlgists and epidemilgists n Fair’s team at Las Alame, are beginning t mdel hw changes t the climate will impact the spread f infectius diseases. It’s early days fr this kind f research, but previus studies suggest that extreme weather has already played a rle in at least ne utbreak. Scientists say drught and defrestatin have cmbined t frce bats ut f rainfrests and int rchards (果园) in Malaysia t find fd. Thse bats, a cmmn disease reservir, then passed the Nipah virus thrugh pigs t humans fr the first time in the late 1990s.
“We’re ging by the past data t really predict what’s ging t happen in the future,” Fair said. “And s, anytime yu increase that wildlife-human interface, that’s srt f an emerging disease ht spt. And s, that’s just increasing as we g frward.”
Jeffrey Shaman, head f the climate and health prgram at Clumbia University’s public health schl, argues we dn’t yet knw whether climate change will cause a net increase in infectius disease rates glbally. Fr example, msquites carry disease that affects (影响) millins f peple acrss the wrld every year. As their habitats expand in sme parts f the wrld, they might cntract diseases elsewhere. Shaman says what we knw fr certain abut climate change is that it will make it harder t predict where disease utbreaks will pp up.
5．Hw des climate change affect the spread f disease accrding t Fair?
A．By breaking animals’ habits.B．By increasing animals’ numbers.
C．By imprving animals’ breeding (繁殖).D．By changing animals’ living envirnment.
6．What is the example f bats fr in paragraph 3?
A．Explaining the influence f Nipah virus.
B．Prving the harm f bats t human beings.
C．Shwing the effects f climate change n disease.
D．Presenting scientists’ early study abut the cause f disease.
7．What can we infer (推断) frm Fair’s wrds in paragraph 4?
A．Humans shuld give up studying animals.
B．Frequent cntact with animals can cause disease utbreaks.
C．Disease ht spts will disappear if animals die ut.
D．Past data can slve the prblems in the future.
8．What culd be the best title fr the text?
A．Climate Change and Disease SpillverB．Animals’ Interactin with Humans
C．Scientists’ Predictin fr Disease OutbreaksD．Early Studies abut Extreme Weather
【答案】5．D 6．C 7．B 8．A
【分析】本文主要介绍了气候变化对疾病传播的影响。
5．细节理解题。根据“Fair argues that by shifting animal habitats, climate change will als make the pprtunities fr disease spillver mre frequent (频繁的).”可知，费尔认为，通过改变动物栖息地，也即是改变动物的生存环境，气候变化也将使疾病蔓延的机会更加频繁。故选D。
6．推理判断题。根据“Scientists ... are beginning t mdel hw changes t the climate will impact the spread f infectius diseases. It’s early days fr this kind f research, but previus studies suggest that extreme weather has already played a rle in at least ne utbreak.”可知，科学家们正在开始模拟气候变化将如何影响传染病的传播。这类研究还处于早期阶段，但之前的研究表明，极端天气已经在至少一次疫情爆发中发挥了作用。所以文中列举蝙蝠的例子是为了说明气候变化对疾病的影响。故选C。
7．推理判断题。根据“And s, anytime yu increase that wildlife-human interface, that’s srt f an emerging disease ht spt. And s, that’s just increasing as we g frward.”可知，任何时候，当野生动物和人类的接触增多时，某种程度上就是一个新出现的疾病高发区。由此可推知，与野生动物频繁的接触会引起疾病爆发。故选B。
8．最佳标题题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了气候变化对疾病传播的影响，因此A选项“气候变化与疾病蔓延”可作为最佳标题。故选A。
三、阅读理解
（23-24九年级上·江苏宿迁·期末）Big data (大数据) is a lt f sets (组) f infrmatin that are put tgether, s they can be used by a cmputer prgram. The prgram lks fr different kinds f answers in the data. Big data can have different kinds f infrmatin frm many surces (来源), such as infrmatin that cmes frm schls, scial media sites, cmpanies and gvernments. One set f data can have peple’s names and addresses. Anther set can have what they like, where they g t schl, and hw much time they spend n the cmputer.
Big data can be used in many ways. The gvernment uses it t understand hw many peple travel n buses r trains. This infrmatin is then used t make bus r train systems better. Sme schls use big data t understand which children may need extra help in class. The teacher can then give certain students mre help r supprt s they can succeed in schl. Cmpanies use big data, t. It helps them understand wh buys their prducts. Fr example, ne cmpany uses weather data t see when peple eat the mst ice cream.
Big data can be used fr gd reasns. Sme hspitals use big data t predict (预测) if a baby wh is brn t early will get sick. The hspital can then take extra actin t take care f that baby, s the baby des nt get sick. Big data can als be used fr bad reasns. It can be used t predict which kinds f peple are likely t break the law r hurt thers, even if they have nt dne anything wrng.
9．What kind f infrmatin may be included in big data frm Paragraph 1?
A．Peple’s addresses.B．Peple’s plans.C．Peple’s minds.D．Peple’s persnalities.
10．Hw des the writer shw his ideas in Paragraph 2?
A．By shwing numbers.B．By giving examples.
C．By telling stries.D．By drawing mindmaps.
11．What des the underlined wrd “they” refer t?
A．Students at schl.B．Students wh succeed in schl.
C．Sme certain tp students.D．Students wh need mre help than thers.
12．What is the best title fr the passage?
A．Big data, gd r bad?B．Big data — Best helper
C．Facts abut big dataD．Many surces f big data
【答案】9．A 10．B 11．D 12．C
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述大数据可以在许多方面发挥重要作用，但也存在一些潜在的风险和滥用问题。
9．细节理解题。根据“One set f data can have peple’s names and addresses.”可知，人们的住址可能会被纳入大数据。故选A。
10．推理判断题。通读第二段可知，作者先用“Big data can be used in many ways.”总起整段，然后用“The gvernment”、“Sme schls”、“Cmpanies”等举例说明大数据的多种使用方式。故选B。
11．词义猜测题。根据“Sme schls use big data t understand which children may need extra help in class. The teacher can then give certain students mre help r supprt s they can succeed in schl.”可知，一些学校使用大数据来了解哪些孩子在课堂上可能需要额外的帮助，然后老师可以给这些学生帮助或支持，这样这些学生就可以在学校取得成功。“they”指代“在课堂上可能需要额外的帮助的学生”。故选D。
12．最佳标题题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述大数据的概念，用途以及它潜在的风险，选项C“关于大数据的事实”最适合作为本文的标题。故选C。
四、阅读理解
（22-23九年级下·江苏盐城·期中）A spn f pickles (榨菜) can smetimes make a meal taste better. Recently, a new type f pickle is being discussed: “digital pickles”. It refers t the vides that peple watch while eating that make their fd seem tastier.
The tpic received mre than 16 millin clicks n Sina Weib and abut 100, 000 peple jined in the discussin. Instead f having meals with friends and family members, many yung peple in China are kept cmpany by TV shws r shrt vides. Many believe that their fd is tastier with the “digital pickles”.
Can this habit affect yur diet? Accrding t a recent research, yu may eat mre! The internatinal research team asked 62 vlunteers t fllw different eating habits during fur days, including eating while lking at the mbile phne, reading magazines and withut distractin (干扰). The results shwed that vlunteers wh ate with a distractin tk in much mre calrie (卡路里).
T find ut the reasn, the team als invited tw grups f peple: ne grup ate while listening t an audi clip (音频剪辑) abut anther persn eating, and the ther listened t a clip that made them think abut the fd they were eating. The results shwed that the secnd grup ate less since they were mre fcused n their meals. When eating with the “digital pickles”, ur attentin can be distracted. We are less able t ntice that we are eating much, which leads t eating mre than expected uncnsciusly.
This wrks nt nly fr audis and vides, but ther difficult tasks as well. Anther research prject led by the University f Sussex, UK, pinted ut that activities which need lts f attentin, trick many peple int vereating. The team invited 120 peple t d different tasks while prviding them with drinks and snacks. “Our study suggests that if yu’re eating r drinking while yur attentin is distracted by a very difficult task, yu’re less likely t be able t tell hw full yu feel,” ne f the authrs Martin Yemans explained.
13．What d “digital pickles” refer t (指的是) accrding t the passage?
A．A new type f tasty vegetables.B．Vides peple watch while eating.
C．Electrnic prducts ppular nline.D．Digital games suitable fr families.
14．Why d peple eat mre with “digital pickles” accrding t the text?
A．They are mre fcused n their meals.B．They are distracted by “digital pickles”.
C．The fd tastes better with “digital pickles”.D．The “digital pickles” make them feel hungrier.
15．Which has the clsest meaning t the underlined wrd “uncnsciusly” in Paragraph 4?
A．Unwillingly.B．Unusually.C．Unknwingly.D．Uncertainly.
16．Why des the authr mentin a different study in the last paragraph?
A．T explain hw t decide yu are full.B．T describe the influence f “digital pickles”.
C．T shw hw t avid being distracted.D．T give anther case that causes vereating.
【答案】13．B 14．B 15．C 16．D
【分析】本文主要介绍了“电子榨菜”这一现象，并分析了其导致人们吃得过量的原因。
13．细节理解题。根据第一段“Recently, a new type f pickle is being discussed: ‘digital pickles’. It refers t the vides that peple watch while eating that make their fd seem tastier.”可知，“电子榨菜”指人们吃东西时看的视频。故选B。
14．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“When eating with the ‘digital pickles’, ur attentin can be distracted. We are less able t ntice that we are eating much, which leads t eating mre than expected uncnsciusly.”可知，“电子榨菜”会使人们吃得更多是因为他们被“电子榨菜”分散了注意力。故选B。
15．词义猜测题。根据倒数第二段“We are less able t ntice that we are eating much, which leads t eating mre than expected uncnsciusly.”可知，我们很少能注意到自己吃得太多，这导致我们在不知不觉中吃得比预期的多，由此猜测，unknwingly“不知不觉地”与uncnsciusly意思最接近，故选C。
16．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Anther research prject led by the University f Sussex, UK, pinted ut that activities which need lts f attentin, trick many peple int vereating.”可知，作者在最后一段提到了一项不同的研究是为了给出另一个导致吃得过量的案例。故选D。
五、阅读理解
（23-24九年级上·江苏无锡·期末）
Imagine an island where there are a greater number f cats than there are peple. Des it sund like smething frm a cartn r a manga (日本漫画) stry? Welcme t Tashirjima, a small island in the Pacific Ocean ff the cast f Japan. It’s a great place t be a cat. Nt nly des the cat ppulatin number in the thusands, much larger than the island’s human ppulatin f abut 100, but these cats are taken care f by bth lcal peple and turists.
The Japanese lve cats. There are cat shrines (神庙) all ver Japan. and many f the cuntry’s flk tales feature cats as well. ___▲____?
At ne time, the island’s main industry was fishing. The fishing nets were made f silk, and the fishermen raised silkwrms t prduce the silk fr these nets. They kept cats arund t kill mice, which were the predatrs f the silkwrms. In rder t get fd. the cats wuld als visit the htels where the fishermen frm ther islands wuld be staying. The fishermen became fnd f the cats and started watching them all the time, thinking that the cats’ actins culd tell them the weather r the mvements f the fish in the cean.
A stry is tld that ne day, a fisherman was cllecting rcks t hld dwn his fishing net when ne f the rcks drpped frm his hands and accidentally killed a cat. The fisherman felt s bad abut it that he buried (埋葬) the cat in the center f the island and built a shrine t cats there. The shrine is called Nek-jinja, and by leaving fferings fr the cat gd”, fishermen hpe fr a gd catch and fr their safety.
Wrd sn spread abut Cat Island, and turists came tgether t see and play with the thusands f cats that wuld walk dwn the island’s streets r sit n the drsteps f peple’s hmes. Japanese manga artist Shtar Ishinmri built several manga-related buildings n the island, mst f which lked like cats. These develped int a turist attractin, with guests staying in the cat-shaped huses. Since then, many mvies, televisin series and dcumentaries have been made abut Tashirjima, which has helped bring in even mre visitrs.
S the next time yu see a cat lver lking fr the “purrfect” vacatin spt, recmmend t them a trip t Tashirjima, Japan’s Cat Island.
17．What infrmatin can we get frm this passage?
A．The exact number f cats n Cat Island.B．The reasn why Nek-jinjia gt its name.
C．The methd f building cat-shaped huses.D．The material f fishing nets in earlier times.
18．Which f the fllwing sentences is the mst suitable fr ___▲____?
A．But where can we see the mst cats in Japan?
B．But hw did Tashirjima get t be Cat Island?
C．S why d Japanese peple lve cats s much?
D．S wh built the first cat shrine n Tashirjima?
19．What des the underlined wrd “predatrs” in paragraph 3 prbably mean?
A．enemiesB．friendsC．prducersD．prtectrs
20．What’s the main purpse f the passage?
A．T intrduce Cat Island in Japan.B．T tell us the histry f Cat Island.
C．T shw us the life f cats in Japan.D．T encurage peple t prtect cats.
【答案】17．D 18．B 19．A 20．A
【分析】本文主要介绍了日本的“猫岛”。
17．细节理解题。根据第三段“At ne time, the island’s main industry was fishing. The fishing nets were made f silk, and the fishermen raised silkwrms t prduce the silk fr these nets.”可知，该岛的主要产业是渔业。渔网是用丝绸做的，渔民们养蚕来为这些渔网生产丝绸。此处介绍了早期渔网的材料是丝绸，D选项表述正确。故选D。
18．推理判断题。分析第二段和第三段内容可知，空处应是起承上启下的作用；第二段主要讲述了日本人对猫的喜欢，第三段主要讲述了田代岛为什么对猫情有独钟，因而空处应是B选项最符合语境。故选B。
19．词句猜测题。根据第三段“The fishing nets were made f silk, and the fishermen raised silkwrms t prduce the silk fr these nets. They kept cats arund t kill mice, which were the predatrs f the silkwrms.”可知，此处应是表达老鼠是蚕的“天敌”，因而“predatrs”应和A选项enemies“敌人”意义相近。故选A。
20．主旨大意题。根据全文的内容可知，本文主要介绍了日本的猫岛，包括猫岛的历史以及它的现状， A选项符合语境。 故选A。
六、阅读理解
（2024·陕西西安·三模）Recently, a research n hw a new virtual reality VR (虚拟现实) experience educated children abut the fire disasters (灾害) was dne. The new VR experience was develped by the University f Suth Australia, hping t educate children t learn hw t be safe in a fire. It presents a situatin fr children aged 10-12. In the situatin, they are tasked t lk after a friend’s dg just befre a fire event begins. They take part in a set f prblem-slving activities t help save and prtect themselves and the dg.
The findings shwed that ver 80% f children culd calmly tell the advantages and disadvantages f different chices. They als learned t make wise decisins t prtect themselves frm a fire. Children thught it especially imprtant and meaningful, because 91% f them didn’t have knwledge f fires at the beginning, and 67% had said that they were t yung t make safety decisins in a fire.
The researchers believed such VR experiences made it pssible t engage, educate and empwer the yung. “As children brn in mdern times, they are interested in such technlgy and they can experience events in a real situatin yet within the safe envirnment,” said Delene Weber, ne f the researchers. “Well-designed VR can prvide children with surprisingly valuable learning tls.”
Meanwhile, because children have fewer life experiences, aren’t as physically strng, they’re ften mst at risk. Hwever, the rle that children play in the fire safety at their hmes shuld nt be underestimated (低估). “Children dn’t need t be always waiting fr help in disasters. With these VR experiences, we can make children understand the risks and realize they can help,” said Weber.
21．What’s the purpse f the new VR experience?
A．T describe children’s reactins t fire disasters.
B．T teach children t save themselves in a fire.
C．T intrduce ways f aviding a fire t children.
D．T increase children’s interest in VR experiences.
22．Frm the findings, what’s the children’s attitude (态度) twards the new VR experience?
A．Dubtful.B．Wrried.
C．Uncertain.D．Supprtive.
23．Which f the fllwing in the dictinary best explains the underlined wrd “engage” in Para.3?
A．①B．②C．③D．④
24．Frm Para.3,we mainly get t knw the ________ f the new VR experience.
A．develpmentB．advantages
C．qualityD．intrductin
【答案】21．B 22．D 23．A 24．B
【分析】本文主要介绍了一项研究，探讨了如何通过虚拟现实技术教育儿童如何在火灾中保护自己。
21．细节推理题。根据第一段“ children abut the fire disasters (灾害) was dne.” 可知，新的虚拟现实体验的目的是让孩子们在火灾中保证安全。故选B。
22．细节理解题。根据第二段“Children thught it especially imprtant and meaningful,” 可知，孩子们认为这特别重要和有意义，说明孩子们对虚拟现实体验是支持的。故选D。
23．词义猜测题。根据第三段“The researchers believed such VR experiences made it pssible t engage, educate and empwer the yung.”可知，研究人员相信这样的虚拟现实体验可以使吸引、教育和赋能年轻人。可知engage表示“吸引”，A 选项“吸引某人的注意，保持他们感兴趣”符合句意。故选A。
24．推理判断题。根据第三段“they can experience events in a real situatin yet within the safe envirnment”以及“Well-designed VR can prvide children with surprisingly valuable learning tls.”可知，本段介绍了虚拟现实体验的优点。故选B。
七、阅读理解
（2024·山东泰安·一模）
Imagine a perfect day: the weather is gd and everything seems fine. When, suddenly, yur cell phne lses its signal, the televisin has n prgrams, and yu can’t get nline with yur cmputer.
What has happened? These are just the types f prblems a slar (太阳) strm might cause. It may nt sund as serius as ther natural disasters, such as earthquakes. But tday, a slar strm ften puts ur sciety in danger.
A slar strm is caused by slar flares: large sudden burning near the sun. It can give ff lts f energy. The strng energy can stp the satellite systems (系统) that perate ur cmputers, telecm netwrks and s n. These strms can even cause the pwer t g ut fr weeks r mnths.
In the past few mnths, scientists have recrded sme f the strngest sun flares in years. The mst recent ne happened arund Valentine’s Day. It caused radi and satellite signals t g dwn in sme nrthern cities in China.
“Slar flare activity is ging t be much wrse than what we’ve seen in the past. We’re nt talking abut a few cities lsing pwer. It culd be half the cuntry, maybe mre.” Slar StrmWarning. cm, a US website abut space weather, warned.
Experts say that little can be dne t predict such a strm. Gvernments arund the wrld are trying t wrk tgether befre the next strm, althugh they are nt sure when that may happen.
25．Accrding t the article, hw lng can a slar strm cause pwer cuts?
A．Fr years.B．Fr weeks r mnths.C．Fr a day.D．Fr several hurs.
26．Accrding t the passage, slar flares are ________.
A．telecmputer netwrksB．slar strms
C．large explsins near the sunD．the energy f the sun
27．Frm the passage, the right rder f the fllwing is ________.
a. Slar flares give ff lts f energy.
b. Peple can’t get nline with their cmputers.
c. Slar strms happen.
d. Satellite systems are stpped.
A．a-b-c-dB．c-b-a-dC．c-a-b-dD．a-c-d-b
28．This article mainly tells us ________.
A．sme facts abut a slar strm
B．hw t predict a slar strm
C．the weather is gd and everything seems fine n a perfect day
D．smething abut why we can’t get nline with ur cmputers
【答案】25．B 26．C 27．D 28．A
【分析】本文主要介绍了关于太阳风暴的一些事实。
25．细节理解题。根据“These strms can even cause the pwer t g ut fr weeks r mnths.”可知，太阳风暴会造成几周或几个月的停电。故选B。
26．细节理解题。根据“A slar strm is caused by slar flares: large sudden burning near the sun. It can give ff lts f energy.”可知，太阳风暴是由太阳耀斑引起的：太阳附近突然发生的大规模燃烧。它能释放出大量的能量，因此太阳耀斑是太阳附近的大爆炸。故选C。
27．细节理解题。根据第三段可知，太阳风暴是由太阳耀斑引起的：太阳附近突然发生的大规模燃烧。它能释放出大量的能量。强大的能量可以阻止运行我们计算机、电信网络等的卫星系统。这些风暴甚至会导致断电几周或几月。因此正确的顺序应是先发生太阳耀斑，太阳耀斑引起太阳风暴，之后产生的能量会阻止卫星系统，进而造成不能上网，即a-c-d-b。故选D。
28．主旨大意题。根据“But tday, a slar strm ften puts ur sciety in danger.”及全文可知，本文主要讲述了太阳风暴的一些事情。故选A。
八、阅读理解
（2024·辽宁鞍山·二模）Perhaps mney can smetimes buy happiness but there are als many ther ways t make yu happy. Yu can increase the happiness in yur life within minutes by taking mre ntice f things that make yu happy. Here are sme f them.
◆Life
It’s easy t frget abut the fact—that yu are alive is itself a miracle (奇迹). As the ld saying ges “Every day abve grund is a gd day”.
◆Friendship
Almst everyne has friends, althugh it’s easy t lse news abut them in the rush f events. Tday, take a few minutes t recnnect (重新联系) with sme f them.
◆Family
If yu’ve gt a gd relatinship with yur family, enjy it! Yu’re experiencing ne f the deepest surces (来源) f happiness n the planet.
◆Self-reliance
Feeling safety that yu can depend n yurself t cmplete what yu set ut t cmplete creates quiet but strng happiness.
◆Laughter
It is impssible t laugh and be sad at the same time. Regular dses f laughter are mre than medicine. It’s the flavr f life.
◆Gratitude
Be thankful fr the wnderful things already in yur life, instead f fcusing n what yu dn’t have r what’s ut f reach.
29．Hw d yu increase the happiness in yur life accrding t the passage?
A．By chatting with strangers n the Internet.
B．By depending n parents all the time.
C．By spending a lt f time shpping.
D．By recnnecting friends.
30．Hw d yu understand the ld saying “Every day abve grund is a gd day”?
A．The day when yu are alive is a wnderful day.
B．The day when yu can stand is a wnderful day.
C．The day when yu are traveling is a wnderful day.
D．The day when yu are smiling is a wnderful day.
31．Why is yur family very imprtant in yur life?
A．Because yur parents lve yu very much.
B．Because yu can always depend n yur family.
C．Because it’s ne f the deepest surces f happiness.
D．Because yu can’t always stay with yur family.
32．Which is the best title fr the passage?
A．Mney Can Buy HappinessB．The Ways t Make Yurself Happy
C．Try t Make Yurself HappyD．Lve Yurself; Lve Life
【答案】29．D 30．A 31．C 32．B
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了使自己高兴起来的六种方式。
29．细节理解题。根据短文“Friendship: Almst everyne has friends, althugh it’s easy t lse news abut them in the rush f events. Tday, take a few minutes t recnnect with sme f them.”可知，通过联系朋友来增加你生活中的幸福。故选D。
30．句意猜测题。根据短文“Life: It’s easy t frget abut the fact-that yu are alive is itself a miracle. As the ld saying ges ‘Every day abve grund is a gd day’.”可推知，人生在世的每一天都是一个好日子，这就是对古老谚语“Every day abve grund is a gd day”的正确理解。故选A。
31．细节理解题。根据短文“Family: Yu’re experiencing ne f the deepest surces f happiness n the planet.”可知，家庭是最深切的幸福源泉之一；因此家庭在你的生活中是很重要的。故选C。
32．最佳标题题。综合全文可知，本文主要从生活、友谊、家庭、自立、笑声和感恩这六个方面介绍了使你自己高兴起来的方式；选项B“让自己快乐的方式。”适合作为文章的标题。故选B。
九、阅读理解
（2024·安徽合肥·一模）Recently, a research team frm Nanjing Agricultural University has invented Xunzi, a large language mdel (LLM) and XunziChat alng with Gulian, a leading ancient Chinese text publisher.
When asked why he and his partners made the large language mdel, Wang Dngb, the leader f the research team, explained that “traditinal Chinese characters, the tp-t-dwn design, the absence f punctuatin (标点) are all difficulties that readers have t get ver when they read traditinal texts”.
T create Xunzi the LLM, Wang and his partners first needed t d a lt f research. Since 2013, his team has wrked hard t digitize Chinese classics like the Siku Quanshu. “The hard wrk includes a large crpus (语料库) f tw billin Chinese characters, which is necessary fr the large language mdel,” said Wang.
But their effrts seem t have paid ff. Nw Xunzi the LLM can mark, translate, punctuate, and understand parts f ancient Chinese texts. It can even search fr specific infrmatin, such as names, events, and places frm a text.
Wang and his team have shared the LLM n GitHub and ther websites, allwing users t dwnlad and use it fr free. “We hpe this will encurage mre peple t enjy the beauty f traditinal Chinese culture,” Wang explained.
33．Which is difficult t read accrding t Wang Dngb?
A． B．C． D．
34．Which f the fllwing is TRUE abut Xunzi the LLM?
A．A large crpus can be built n it.
B．The team has put great effrts int it.
C．We can get infrmatin n it as we like.
D．It was develped by Gulian and GitHub.
35．What des “this” refer t?
A．Reading mdern texts.B．Searching fr infrmatin.
C．Sharing the LLM fr free.D．Publishing texts n websites.
36．What’s the best title?
A．Uncver ancient textsB．Develp reading ability
C．Enjy Chinese cultureD．Invent Chinese characters
【答案】33．A 34．B 35．C 36．A
【分析】本文主要介绍了南京农业大学开发的“荀子”古籍大语言模型的相关内容。
33．细节理解题。根据“traditinal Chinese characters, the tp-t-dwn design, the absence f punctuatin are all difficulties that readers have t get ver when they read traditinal texts”可知，繁体字，自上而下的设计，没有标点符号，这些都是读者阅读繁体文本时必须克服的困难。所以王东波认为繁体文本阅读有困难，A选项图示符合。故选A。
34．细节理解题。根据第三段内容可知，为了创建LLM，王东波和他的团队做了大量的研究工作，包括需要制作20亿汉字的语料库，所以该团队为此付出了巨大的努力。故选B。
35．代词指代题。根据“allwing users t dwnlad and use it fr free”和“We hpe this will encurage mre peple t enjy the beauty f traditinal Chinese culture”可知，王东波和他的团队已经在很多网站上分享了LLM，允许用户免费下载和使用，目的是鼓励更多的人可以享受中国传统文化之美。所以此处this指代前文提到的免费共享LLM。故选C。
36．最佳标题题。根据“Nw Xunzi the LLM can mark, translate, punctuate, and understand parts f ancient Chinese texts. It can even search fr specific infrmatin, such as names, events, and places frm a text.”及全文内容可知，文章主要介绍了“荀子”大语言模型，该模型可以标记、翻译和理解中国古代文本，甚至可以从文本中搜索各类信息，所以对古代文本的研究有很重要的意义。选项A“揭秘古代文本”符合文章内容。故选A。
十、阅读理解
（2024·陕西西安·一模）It’s cmmn knwledge that spiders use their webs (网) t catch insects. Hwever, sme spiders have develped ther uses fr their webs. One such spider is the Eurpean water spider, which uses its web t breathe underwater.
The Eurpean water spider spends mst f its life underwater. It gives birth t a baby, cares fr its yung, and feeds n insects underwater. Since it needs t breathe, the spider carefully keeps the air inside its web. This is what allws it t stay underwater fr a lng time.
The web is like a balln with a hle in the bttm (底部). This “balln” keeps the air inside and allws the spider t get in and ut thrugh the bttm t catch nearby insects. In fact, the water spider’s web wrks much the same as a diving bell, an early kind f submarine (潜水艇). Diving bells were large bells supplied with air frm a hse (软管) running t the water’s surface. The air kept the water frm filling up the bell, and peple culd g in and ut thrugh the pen bttm. Because f this quality, water spiders are smetimes knwn as “diving bell spiders”.
Althugh the web allws the water spider t stay underwater fr a lng time, sme trips t the surface are necessary. When the web needs mre fresh air, the spider pushes the web and lets the ld air g ut. Then, it swims t the surface t cllect small fresh air bubbles (气泡) and keeps them in the hairs n its stmach and legs. Finally, it ges back dwn t fill the web again.
37．The writer starts the passage by ________.
A．giving an exampleB．telling a stry
C．listing sme numbersD．asking sme questins
38．The underlined wrd “supplied with” means “________” in Paragraph 3.
A．afraid fB．tired fC．empty fD．full f
39．In which paragraph can yu knw what water spiders d fr mre fresh air?
A．Paragraph 3.B．Paragraph 2.C．Paragraph 4.D．Paragraph 1.
40．What is the best title f the passage?
A．Different kinds f spiders.B．A special spider web.
C．An early kind f submarine.D．The wnderful underwater wrld.
【答案】37．A 38．D 39．C 40．B
【分析】本文主要介绍了欧洲水蜘蛛是如何利用“网”在水下呼吸的。
37．细节理解题。根据“One such spider is the Eurpean water spider, which uses its web t breathe underwater.”可知，作者用举例子的方式展开全文。故选A。
38．词句猜测题。根据“Diving bells were large bells supplied with air frm a hse (软管) running t the water’s surface.”可知，此处表示充满空气，“full f”与“supplied with”意思相近。故选D。
39．细节理解题。根据“When the web needs mre fresh air, the spider pushes the web and lets the ld air g ut. Then, it swims t the surface t cllect small fresh...”可知，第四段讲述了水蜘蛛是如何获取新鲜空气的。故选C。
40．最佳标题题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲了水蜘蛛特殊的蜘蛛网，以及它是如何用这张网进行呼吸的。B项“一张特殊的蜘蛛网”符合题意。故选B。
十一、阅读理解
（23-24九年级下·江苏泰州·开学考试）①A smile shws that a persn is happy. Fr example, a persn may smile when he is pleased with a grade n a test. Or a persn might smile if a friend tld a funny jke. Peple smile fr many different reasns. But smiles are mre than just a way fr peple t shw that they are happy. There are ther gd reasns t smile ften.
②First, it is easier t smile than t shw unhappiness. In fact, it nly takes 17 muscles (肌肉) t smile. But it takes 43 muscles t shw unhappiness. S give the muscles in yur face a rest and smile!
③Secnd, smiles are nice. Peple may try t lk nice n the utside by wearing nice clthes. Hwever, there is a famus saying: _________. That is because it is easy t be arund smene wh is smiling and happy. Almst n ne wants t be arund smene wh is unhappy all the time.
④Third, smiles are helpful. Bth smiling and laughing can quickly spread frm ne persn t anther. If ne persn smiles, peple arund him want t smile, t. Similarly, when a persn laughs, peple tend (倾向) t laugh with him. If a persn is sad, the best thing t d is t share a smile r laugh. It is the easiest and cheapest way t cheer smene up. Usually nbdy wuld like t turn dwn the invitatin which is ffered by a persn with a smile.
⑤Finally, smiling and laughing are very gd fr the bdy. Even if yu are mad r sad. try smiling. Yu’ll find that it will be hard t stay mad r sad fr very lng
41．Which f the fllwing sentences can be put in the _______ in Paragraph ③?
A．Life withut smiles is like a spring withut flwers.
B．If yu smile at life, life will smile at yu.
C．Smile is the mst beautiful language in the wrld.
D．A smile is the best thing a persn can wear.
42．What d the underlined wrds “turn dwn” mean mst pssibly?
A．Accept.B．Receive.C．Refuse.D．Share.
43．What can we learn frm the text?
A．Smiling has nthing t d with health.
B．Smiling helps peple change their unhappy feelings.
C．The best way t cmfrt (安慰) smene is t share yur wn stry.
D．Peple wh wear smiles lk mre plite than thse wh dn't.
44．Hw is the text rganized? (①=Paragraph 1, ②=Paragraph 2, . . . )
A．B．C．D．
45．What can be the best title fr this text?
A．The pwer f smiling.B．The imprtance f happiness.
C．Different ways f smiling.D．Ways f making peple happy.
【答案】41．D 42．C 43．B 44．D 45．A
【分析】本文主要讲述了微笑不仅仅是人们表示快乐的一种方式，人们微笑还有许多不同的好处。
41．推理判断题。根据“Peple may try t lk nice n the utside by wearing nice clthes. Hwever, there is a famus saying: ... That is because it is easy t be arund smene wh is smiling and happy.”可知，空处的句子应是一句古话，且内容应与微笑比通过锻炼或穿漂亮的衣服来让自己看起来漂亮更好相关。因此可推知，空处的古话是“笑容是最好的装饰”。故选D。
42．词义猜测题。根据“Third, smiles are helpful.”可知，本段说的是微笑是有帮助的，所以推断没有人愿意拒绝一个面带微笑的人的邀请。划线部分表示“拒绝”，与refuse同义。故选C。
43．推理判断题。根据“If a persn is sad, the best thing t d is t share a smile r laugh. It is the easiest and cheapest way t cheer smene up.”可知，微笑可以帮助人们克服不愉快的感觉。故选B。
44．篇章结构题。本文第一段是总述人们微笑有许多不同的原因，第二、三、四、五段分别介绍了一种原因，所以全篇文章是总分结构。故选D。
45．最佳标题题。本文主要讲述了微笑不仅仅是人们表示快乐的一种方式，人们微笑还有许多不同的好处，体现了微笑的力量，A项“微笑的力量“最适合做标题。故选A。
十二、阅读理解
（23-24九年级上·江苏泰州·期末）
①A new study has shwn hw the clur f a bwl can influence the taste f the fd it hlds.
②Althugh it is hard t say what a picky eater (挑食的人) is like, the type may include peple wh have a limited diet, wh have strng likes r dislikes fr certain fd, wh require fd t be prepared in a special way, wh aren’t willing t accept new fd, r wh shw signs f all these features.
③Accrding t this new study, fd was put int tw grups in red, blue, r white bwls. While the clur made n difference in taste fr nn-picky eaters, the picky eaters reprted changes in their taste senses based n the clur f the bwl being used. Snacks in red and blue bwls were thught t have mre salt than thse in white bwls, while snacks in red bwls were less pleasant than thse in the ther bwls.
④ “This knwledge can be useful fr thse wh want t try mre kinds f fds,” says Lrenz Staffrd, a psychlgist frm the University f Prtsmuth in the UK. “Fr example, if yu want t encurage a picky eater t try sme bitter (苦的) vegetables, yu can try t put them n a pink plate r in a yellw bwl, because this can give him r her a sweet feeling.”
⑤At first it may seem strange that a bwl clur can influence the taste f fd, but the research befre has shwn hw light and music can influence eating habits. All f ur senses are cnnected, including taste.
⑥ “This new study can help in treating fd nephbia—the unwillingness t try new fd,” the team f the study says, and further studies will be required t find ut mre relatinships between clurs and fds.
⑦ “Thrugh further studies, maybe we can decide ways t help actively influence a persn’s diet, and as a result, their health in mind and bdy,” says Staffrd.
46．Accrding t the passage, wh is a picky eater?
• Tm especially likes hamburgers.
• Lucy is able t accept new fd happily.
• Sigmund usually has three meals a day.
• Mary desn’t care hw vegetables are cked.
A．Tm.B．Lucy.C．Mary.D．Sigmund.
47．Accrding t the new study, which f the fllwing is true?
A．All the clurs made n difference in taste t picky eaters.
B．Snacks in red bwls seem t be saltier than thse in blue bwls.
C．Snacks in red bwls seem less pleasant than thse in white bwls.
D．Putting sweet vegetables n a pink plate may give a bitter feeling.
48．Accrding t the passage, why can a bwl clur influence the taste f fd?
A．It desn’t tell us.
B．Because peple like clurful bwls.
C．Because light and music can influence eating habits.
D．Because all f ur senses are cnnected, including taste.
49．What des the underlined wrd nephbia mean?
A．美食综合症B．消化不良C．新奇恐惧症D．暴饮暴食
50．Which paragraphs talk abut the meaning f this new study?
A．④⑤⑥⑦B．⑤⑥⑦C．⑥⑦D．⑦
【答案】46．A 47．C 48．D 49．C 50．C
【分析】本文主要介绍了一项新研究，研究表明碗的颜色会影响食物的味道。
46．推理判断题。根据第二段内容“Althugh it is hard t say what a picky eater (挑食的人) is like, the type may include peple wh have a limited diet, wh have strng likes r dislikes fr certain fd, wh require fd t be prepared in a special way, wh aren’t willing t accept new fd, r wh shw signs f all these features.”可知，挑食的人可能包括饮食有限的人、对某些食物有强烈好恶的人、要求食物以特殊的方式准备的人、不愿意接受新食物的人等。Tm特别喜欢汉堡，属于“对某些食物有强烈好恶的人”，由此可推断Tm是一个挑食的人。故选A。
47．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Accrding t this new study, fd was put int tw grups in red, blue, r white bwls. …, while snacks in red bwls were less pleasant than thse in the ther bwls.”可知，红碗中的小吃不如蓝色和白色碗中的小吃好吃。故选C。
48．细节理解题。根据第五段内容“At first it may seem strange that a bwl clur can influence the taste f fd, but the research befre has shwn hw light and music can influence eating habits. All f ur senses are cnnected, including taste.”可知，碗的颜色能影响食物的味道是因为我们所有的感官都是相连的，包括味觉。故选D。
49．词句猜测题。根据“the unwillingness t try new fd”可知，不敢尝试新食物，可猜测nephbia的意思应是“新奇恐惧症”。故选C。
50．主旨大意题。根据全文内容可知，第六段和第七段说明了这项新研究的意义：不仅有助于治疗新食物恐惧症，还可以通过积极影响一个人的饮食，从而影响他的身心健康。故选C。
engage/en'geɪdʒ/
verb engaged, engaging.
①t draw ne’s attentin and keep them interested
②t give smebdy a jb
③t begin fighting with smebdy
④t fit ne part f a machine int anther s they can wrk
学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________
一、阅读理解
（23-24九年级下·江苏南京·阶段练习）What is the mst stressful part f schl? It is prbably the exams. Exams can put us under a lt f pressure. But sme students d better under pressure, while thers d nt. S, why d sme students perfrm better under stress?
It all cmes dwn t dpamine (多巴胺). Dpamine is a chemical in ur bdy that sends signals t the brain. It has many imprtant rles—it affects ur memry, attentin span and hw we learn. Our brains wrk best when there is a balance f dpamine—nt t much r t little.
Our brains cntrl dpamine in tw ways. It either takes ut dpamine quickly r gradually (逐渐地). Exam success can be linked t hw fast dpamine ges back t an even balance, accrding t new research frm the University f Missuri.
What happens when we take an exam? If yu becme stressed, yur brain will start t verlad n dpamine. It is like a cup verflwing with water. The quicker yu are able t g back t an even balance f dpamine, the quicker yu can cncentrate, helping yu perfrm better n a test.
Scientists fund that during a test, peple wh slwly gt back t an even balance f dpamine scred eight percent lwer. That’s the difference between a gd grade and a bad grade.
But dn’t fear—there is gd news fr every student. The study als fund that the mre practice yu get, the less stressed yu’ll be.
S, it turns ut that practice really des make perfect.
1．Dpamine is a chemical in ur bdy that ________.
A．we need in rder t think
B．keeps ur brains wrking
C．sends signals t the brain
D．puts us under a lt f pressure
2．Which areas des dpamine play a rle in?
① remembering things
② getting enugh rest
③ paying attentin t teachers
④ affecting the way we learn
A．①②③B．①③④C．②③④D．①②④
3．What des the underlined wrd “verlad” mean?
A．raise the pressure f smething
B．stp smething frm happening
C．causing prblems fr smene
D．have t many/much f smething
4．Why d sme students d better under stress?
A．Because they prduce less dpamine than thers.
B．Because they can balance their dpamine mre slwly.
C．Because they can send a lt f dpamine t their brains.
D．Because they can achieve a better balance f dpamine quickly.
【答案】1．C 2．B 3．D 4．D
【分析】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了高压状态下，有些学生能学得更好，而有些学生却不能，这是由于大脑中多巴胺的平衡能力起着重要的作用。
1．细节理解题。根据“Dpamine is a chemical in ur bdy that sends signals t the brain.”可知，多巴胺是人体内的一种化学物质，在大脑中发出信号，故选C。
2．细节理解题。根据“It has many imprtant rles—it affects ur memry, attentin span and hw we learn.”可知，它有许多重要的作用：影响记忆、注意力和我们如何学习，故选B。
3．词句猜测题。根据“It is like a cup verflwing with water.”可知，装满水的杯子这个比喻指前面提到的内容，故上文是如果你感到压力，你的大脑就会开始对多巴胺产生超负荷的反应。因此，verlad的意思是“超载”，故选D。
4．细节理解题。根据“The quicker yu are able t g back t an even balance f dpamine, the quicker yu can cncentrate, helping yu perfrm better n a test.”可知，越快回到平衡的多巴胺，集中注意力越快，这可以帮你考试表现得更好，故选D。
二、阅读理解
（23-24九年级下·江苏无锡·开学考试）Mst f the new diseases we humans have faced in the past several decades have cme frm animals. The mre we cme int cntact with wild animals, the mre we risk a s-called disease “spillver” frm animals t humans.
“As peple mve and wildlife mve in respnse t a changing envirnment, humans and wildlife and animals will cme in cntact mre regularly,” said Jeanne Fair frm the Ls Alams Natinal Labratry in New Mexic. Fair argues that by shifting animal habitats, climate change will als make the pprtunities fr disease spillver mre frequent (频繁的). “Everything is srt f shifting and will shift int the future as the envirnment changes thrugh climate change,” Fair said.
Scientists, including climatlgists and epidemilgists n Fair’s team at Las Alame, are beginning t mdel hw changes t the climate will impact the spread f infectius diseases. It’s early days fr this kind f research, but previus studies suggest that extreme weather has already played a rle in at least ne utbreak. Scientists say drught and defrestatin have cmbined t frce bats ut f rainfrests and int rchards (果园) in Malaysia t find fd. Thse bats, a cmmn disease reservir, then passed the Nipah virus thrugh pigs t humans fr the first time in the late 1990s.
“We’re ging by the past data t really predict what’s ging t happen in the future,” Fair said. “And s, anytime yu increase that wildlife-human interface, that’s srt f an emerging disease ht spt. And s, that’s just increasing as we g frward.”
Jeffrey Shaman, head f the climate and health prgram at Clumbia University’s public health schl, argues we dn’t yet knw whether climate change will cause a net increase in infectius disease rates glbally. Fr example, msquites carry disease that affects (影响) millins f peple acrss the wrld every year. As their habitats expand in sme parts f the wrld, they might cntract diseases elsewhere. Shaman says what we knw fr certain abut climate change is that it will make it harder t predict where disease utbreaks will pp up.
5．Hw des climate change affect the spread f disease accrding t Fair?
A．By breaking animals’ habits.B．By increasing animals’ numbers.
C．By imprving animals’ breeding (繁殖).D．By changing animals’ living envirnment.
6．What is the example f bats fr in paragraph 3?
A．Explaining the influence f Nipah virus.
B．Prving the harm f bats t human beings.
C．Shwing the effects f climate change n disease.
D．Presenting scientists’ early study abut the cause f disease.
7．What can we infer (推断) frm Fair’s wrds in paragraph 4?
A．Humans shuld give up studying animals.
B．Frequent cntact with animals can cause disease utbreaks.
C．Disease ht spts will disappear if animals die ut.
D．Past data can slve the prblems in the future.
8．What culd be the best title fr the text?
A．Climate Change and Disease SpillverB．Animals’ Interactin with Humans
C．Scientists’ Predictin fr Disease OutbreaksD．Early Studies abut Extreme Weather
【答案】5．D 6．C 7．B 8．A
【分析】本文主要介绍了气候变化对疾病传播的影响。
5．细节理解题。根据“Fair argues that by shifting animal habitats, climate change will als make the pprtunities fr disease spillver mre frequent (频繁的).”可知，费尔认为，通过改变动物栖息地，也即是改变动物的生存环境，气候变化也将使疾病蔓延的机会更加频繁。故选D。
6．推理判断题。根据“Scientists ... are beginning t mdel hw changes t the climate will impact the spread f infectius diseases. It’s early days fr this kind f research, but previus studies suggest that extreme weather has already played a rle in at least ne utbreak.”可知，科学家们正在开始模拟气候变化将如何影响传染病的传播。这类研究还处于早期阶段，但之前的研究表明，极端天气已经在至少一次疫情爆发中发挥了作用。所以文中列举蝙蝠的例子是为了说明气候变化对疾病的影响。故选C。
7．推理判断题。根据“And s, anytime yu increase that wildlife-human interface, that’s srt f an emerging disease ht spt. And s, that’s just increasing as we g frward.”可知，任何时候，当野生动物和人类的接触增多时，某种程度上就是一个新出现的疾病高发区。由此可推知，与野生动物频繁的接触会引起疾病爆发。故选B。
8．最佳标题题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了气候变化对疾病传播的影响，因此A选项“气候变化与疾病蔓延”可作为最佳标题。故选A。
三、阅读理解
（23-24九年级上·江苏宿迁·期末）Big data (大数据) is a lt f sets (组) f infrmatin that are put tgether, s they can be used by a cmputer prgram. The prgram lks fr different kinds f answers in the data. Big data can have different kinds f infrmatin frm many surces (来源), such as infrmatin that cmes frm schls, scial media sites, cmpanies and gvernments. One set f data can have peple’s names and addresses. Anther set can have what they like, where they g t schl, and hw much time they spend n the cmputer.
Big data can be used in many ways. The gvernment uses it t understand hw many peple travel n buses r trains. This infrmatin is then used t make bus r train systems better. Sme schls use big data t understand which children may need extra help in class. The teacher can then give certain students mre help r supprt s they can succeed in schl. Cmpanies use big data, t. It helps them understand wh buys their prducts. Fr example, ne cmpany uses weather data t see when peple eat the mst ice cream.
Big data can be used fr gd reasns. Sme hspitals use big data t predict (预测) if a baby wh is brn t early will get sick. The hspital can then take extra actin t take care f that baby, s the baby des nt get sick. Big data can als be used fr bad reasns. It can be used t predict which kinds f peple are likely t break the law r hurt thers, even if they have nt dne anything wrng.
9．What kind f infrmatin may be included in big data frm Paragraph 1?
A．Peple’s addresses.B．Peple’s plans.C．Peple’s minds.D．Peple’s persnalities.
10．Hw des the writer shw his ideas in Paragraph 2?
A．By shwing numbers.B．By giving examples.
C．By telling stries.D．By drawing mindmaps.
11．What des the underlined wrd “they” refer t?
A．Students at schl.B．Students wh succeed in schl.
C．Sme certain tp students.D．Students wh need mre help than thers.
12．What is the best title fr the passage?
A．Big data, gd r bad?B．Big data — Best helper
C．Facts abut big dataD．Many surces f big data
【答案】9．A 10．B 11．D 12．C
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述大数据可以在许多方面发挥重要作用，但也存在一些潜在的风险和滥用问题。
9．细节理解题。根据“One set f data can have peple’s names and addresses.”可知，人们的住址可能会被纳入大数据。故选A。
10．推理判断题。通读第二段可知，作者先用“Big data can be used in many ways.”总起整段，然后用“The gvernment”、“Sme schls”、“Cmpanies”等举例说明大数据的多种使用方式。故选B。
11．词义猜测题。根据“Sme schls use big data t understand which children may need extra help in class. The teacher can then give certain students mre help r supprt s they can succeed in schl.”可知，一些学校使用大数据来了解哪些孩子在课堂上可能需要额外的帮助，然后老师可以给这些学生帮助或支持，这样这些学生就可以在学校取得成功。“they”指代“在课堂上可能需要额外的帮助的学生”。故选D。
12．最佳标题题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述大数据的概念，用途以及它潜在的风险，选项C“关于大数据的事实”最适合作为本文的标题。故选C。
四、阅读理解
（22-23九年级下·江苏盐城·期中）A spn f pickles (榨菜) can smetimes make a meal taste better. Recently, a new type f pickle is being discussed: “digital pickles”. It refers t the vides that peple watch while eating that make their fd seem tastier.
The tpic received mre than 16 millin clicks n Sina Weib and abut 100, 000 peple jined in the discussin. Instead f having meals with friends and family members, many yung peple in China are kept cmpany by TV shws r shrt vides. Many believe that their fd is tastier with the “digital pickles”.
Can this habit affect yur diet? Accrding t a recent research, yu may eat mre! The internatinal research team asked 62 vlunteers t fllw different eating habits during fur days, including eating while lking at the mbile phne, reading magazines and withut distractin (干扰). The results shwed that vlunteers wh ate with a distractin tk in much mre calrie (卡路里).
T find ut the reasn, the team als invited tw grups f peple: ne grup ate while listening t an audi clip (音频剪辑) abut anther persn eating, and the ther listened t a clip that made them think abut the fd they were eating. The results shwed that the secnd grup ate less since they were mre fcused n their meals. When eating with the “digital pickles”, ur attentin can be distracted. We are less able t ntice that we are eating much, which leads t eating mre than expected uncnsciusly.
This wrks nt nly fr audis and vides, but ther difficult tasks as well. Anther research prject led by the University f Sussex, UK, pinted ut that activities which need lts f attentin, trick many peple int vereating. The team invited 120 peple t d different tasks while prviding them with drinks and snacks. “Our study suggests that if yu’re eating r drinking while yur attentin is distracted by a very difficult task, yu’re less likely t be able t tell hw full yu feel,” ne f the authrs Martin Yemans explained.
13．What d “digital pickles” refer t (指的是) accrding t the passage?
A．A new type f tasty vegetables.B．Vides peple watch while eating.
C．Electrnic prducts ppular nline.D．Digital games suitable fr families.
14．Why d peple eat mre with “digital pickles” accrding t the text?
A．They are mre fcused n their meals.B．They are distracted by “digital pickles”.
C．The fd tastes better with “digital pickles”.D．The “digital pickles” make them feel hungrier.
15．Which has the clsest meaning t the underlined wrd “uncnsciusly” in Paragraph 4?
A．Unwillingly.B．Unusually.C．Unknwingly.D．Uncertainly.
16．Why des the authr mentin a different study in the last paragraph?
A．T explain hw t decide yu are full.B．T describe the influence f “digital pickles”.
C．T shw hw t avid being distracted.D．T give anther case that causes vereating.
【答案】13．B 14．B 15．C 16．D
【分析】本文主要介绍了“电子榨菜”这一现象，并分析了其导致人们吃得过量的原因。
13．细节理解题。根据第一段“Recently, a new type f pickle is being discussed: ‘digital pickles’. It refers t the vides that peple watch while eating that make their fd seem tastier.”可知，“电子榨菜”指人们吃东西时看的视频。故选B。
14．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“When eating with the ‘digital pickles’, ur attentin can be distracted. We are less able t ntice that we are eating much, which leads t eating mre than expected uncnsciusly.”可知，“电子榨菜”会使人们吃得更多是因为他们被“电子榨菜”分散了注意力。故选B。
15．词义猜测题。根据倒数第二段“We are less able t ntice that we are eating much, which leads t eating mre than expected uncnsciusly.”可知，我们很少能注意到自己吃得太多，这导致我们在不知不觉中吃得比预期的多，由此猜测，unknwingly“不知不觉地”与uncnsciusly意思最接近，故选C。
16．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Anther research prject led by the University f Sussex, UK, pinted ut that activities which need lts f attentin, trick many peple int vereating.”可知，作者在最后一段提到了一项不同的研究是为了给出另一个导致吃得过量的案例。故选D。
五、阅读理解
（23-24九年级上·江苏无锡·期末）
Imagine an island where there are a greater number f cats than there are peple. Des it sund like smething frm a cartn r a manga (日本漫画) stry? Welcme t Tashirjima, a small island in the Pacific Ocean ff the cast f Japan. It’s a great place t be a cat. Nt nly des the cat ppulatin number in the thusands, much larger than the island’s human ppulatin f abut 100, but these cats are taken care f by bth lcal peple and turists.
The Japanese lve cats. There are cat shrines (神庙) all ver Japan. and many f the cuntry’s flk tales feature cats as well. ___▲____?
At ne time, the island’s main industry was fishing. The fishing nets were made f silk, and the fishermen raised silkwrms t prduce the silk fr these nets. They kept cats arund t kill mice, which were the predatrs f the silkwrms. In rder t get fd. the cats wuld als visit the htels where the fishermen frm ther islands wuld be staying. The fishermen became fnd f the cats and started watching them all the time, thinking that the cats’ actins culd tell them the weather r the mvements f the fish in the cean.
A stry is tld that ne day, a fisherman was cllecting rcks t hld dwn his fishing net when ne f the rcks drpped frm his hands and accidentally killed a cat. The fisherman felt s bad abut it that he buried (埋葬) the cat in the center f the island and built a shrine t cats there. The shrine is called Nek-jinja, and by leaving fferings fr the cat gd”, fishermen hpe fr a gd catch and fr their safety.
Wrd sn spread abut Cat Island, and turists came tgether t see and play with the thusands f cats that wuld walk dwn the island’s streets r sit n the drsteps f peple’s hmes. Japanese manga artist Shtar Ishinmri built several manga-related buildings n the island, mst f which lked like cats. These develped int a turist attractin, with guests staying in the cat-shaped huses. Since then, many mvies, televisin series and dcumentaries have been made abut Tashirjima, which has helped bring in even mre visitrs.
S the next time yu see a cat lver lking fr the “purrfect” vacatin spt, recmmend t them a trip t Tashirjima, Japan’s Cat Island.
17．What infrmatin can we get frm this passage?
A．The exact number f cats n Cat Island.B．The reasn why Nek-jinjia gt its name.
C．The methd f building cat-shaped huses.D．The material f fishing nets in earlier times.
18．Which f the fllwing sentences is the mst suitable fr ___▲____?
A．But where can we see the mst cats in Japan?
B．But hw did Tashirjima get t be Cat Island?
C．S why d Japanese peple lve cats s much?
D．S wh built the first cat shrine n Tashirjima?
19．What des the underlined wrd “predatrs” in paragraph 3 prbably mean?
A．enemiesB．friendsC．prducersD．prtectrs
20．What’s the main purpse f the passage?
A．T intrduce Cat Island in Japan.B．T tell us the histry f Cat Island.
C．T shw us the life f cats in Japan.D．T encurage peple t prtect cats.
【答案】17．D 18．B 19．A 20．A
【分析】本文主要介绍了日本的“猫岛”。
17．细节理解题。根据第三段“At ne time, the island’s main industry was fishing. The fishing nets were made f silk, and the fishermen raised silkwrms t prduce the silk fr these nets.”可知，该岛的主要产业是渔业。渔网是用丝绸做的，渔民们养蚕来为这些渔网生产丝绸。此处介绍了早期渔网的材料是丝绸，D选项表述正确。故选D。
18．推理判断题。分析第二段和第三段内容可知，空处应是起承上启下的作用；第二段主要讲述了日本人对猫的喜欢，第三段主要讲述了田代岛为什么对猫情有独钟，因而空处应是B选项最符合语境。故选B。
19．词句猜测题。根据第三段“The fishing nets were made f silk, and the fishermen raised silkwrms t prduce the silk fr these nets. They kept cats arund t kill mice, which were the predatrs f the silkwrms.”可知，此处应是表达老鼠是蚕的“天敌”，因而“predatrs”应和A选项enemies“敌人”意义相近。故选A。
20．主旨大意题。根据全文的内容可知，本文主要介绍了日本的猫岛，包括猫岛的历史以及它的现状， A选项符合语境。 故选A。
六、阅读理解
（2024·陕西西安·三模）Recently, a research n hw a new virtual reality VR (虚拟现实) experience educated children abut the fire disasters (灾害) was dne. The new VR experience was develped by the University f Suth Australia, hping t educate children t learn hw t be safe in a fire. It presents a situatin fr children aged 10-12. In the situatin, they are tasked t lk after a friend’s dg just befre a fire event begins. They take part in a set f prblem-slving activities t help save and prtect themselves and the dg.
The findings shwed that ver 80% f children culd calmly tell the advantages and disadvantages f different chices. They als learned t make wise decisins t prtect themselves frm a fire. Children thught it especially imprtant and meaningful, because 91% f them didn’t have knwledge f fires at the beginning, and 67% had said that they were t yung t make safety decisins in a fire.
The researchers believed such VR experiences made it pssible t engage, educate and empwer the yung. “As children brn in mdern times, they are interested in such technlgy and they can experience events in a real situatin yet within the safe envirnment,” said Delene Weber, ne f the researchers. “Well-designed VR can prvide children with surprisingly valuable learning tls.”
Meanwhile, because children have fewer life experiences, aren’t as physically strng, they’re ften mst at risk. Hwever, the rle that children play in the fire safety at their hmes shuld nt be underestimated (低估). “Children dn’t need t be always waiting fr help in disasters. With these VR experiences, we can make children understand the risks and realize they can help,” said Weber.
21．What’s the purpse f the new VR experience?
A．T describe children’s reactins t fire disasters.
B．T teach children t save themselves in a fire.
C．T intrduce ways f aviding a fire t children.
D．T increase children’s interest in VR experiences.
22．Frm the findings, what’s the children’s attitude (态度) twards the new VR experience?
A．Dubtful.B．Wrried.
C．Uncertain.D．Supprtive.
23．Which f the fllwing in the dictinary best explains the underlined wrd “engage” in Para.3?
A．①B．②C．③D．④
24．Frm Para.3,we mainly get t knw the ________ f the new VR experience.
A．develpmentB．advantages
C．qualityD．intrductin
【答案】21．B 22．D 23．A 24．B
【分析】本文主要介绍了一项研究，探讨了如何通过虚拟现实技术教育儿童如何在火灾中保护自己。
21．细节推理题。根据第一段“ children abut the fire disasters (灾害) was dne.” 可知，新的虚拟现实体验的目的是让孩子们在火灾中保证安全。故选B。
22．细节理解题。根据第二段“Children thught it especially imprtant and meaningful,” 可知，孩子们认为这特别重要和有意义，说明孩子们对虚拟现实体验是支持的。故选D。
23．词义猜测题。根据第三段“The researchers believed such VR experiences made it pssible t engage, educate and empwer the yung.”可知，研究人员相信这样的虚拟现实体验可以使吸引、教育和赋能年轻人。可知engage表示“吸引”，A 选项“吸引某人的注意，保持他们感兴趣”符合句意。故选A。
24．推理判断题。根据第三段“they can experience events in a real situatin yet within the safe envirnment”以及“Well-designed VR can prvide children with surprisingly valuable learning tls.”可知，本段介绍了虚拟现实体验的优点。故选B。
七、阅读理解
（2024·山东泰安·一模）
Imagine a perfect day: the weather is gd and everything seems fine. When, suddenly, yur cell phne lses its signal, the televisin has n prgrams, and yu can’t get nline with yur cmputer.
What has happened? These are just the types f prblems a slar (太阳) strm might cause. It may nt sund as serius as ther natural disasters, such as earthquakes. But tday, a slar strm ften puts ur sciety in danger.
A slar strm is caused by slar flares: large sudden burning near the sun. It can give ff lts f energy. The strng energy can stp the satellite systems (系统) that perate ur cmputers, telecm netwrks and s n. These strms can even cause the pwer t g ut fr weeks r mnths.
In the past few mnths, scientists have recrded sme f the strngest sun flares in years. The mst recent ne happened arund Valentine’s Day. It caused radi and satellite signals t g dwn in sme nrthern cities in China.
“Slar flare activity is ging t be much wrse than what we’ve seen in the past. We’re nt talking abut a few cities lsing pwer. It culd be half the cuntry, maybe mre.” Slar StrmWarning. cm, a US website abut space weather, warned.
Experts say that little can be dne t predict such a strm. Gvernments arund the wrld are trying t wrk tgether befre the next strm, althugh they are nt sure when that may happen.
25．Accrding t the article, hw lng can a slar strm cause pwer cuts?
A．Fr years.B．Fr weeks r mnths.C．Fr a day.D．Fr several hurs.
26．Accrding t the passage, slar flares are ________.
A．telecmputer netwrksB．slar strms
C．large explsins near the sunD．the energy f the sun
27．Frm the passage, the right rder f the fllwing is ________.
a. Slar flares give ff lts f energy.
b. Peple can’t get nline with their cmputers.
c. Slar strms happen.
d. Satellite systems are stpped.
A．a-b-c-dB．c-b-a-dC．c-a-b-dD．a-c-d-b
28．This article mainly tells us ________.
A．sme facts abut a slar strm
B．hw t predict a slar strm
C．the weather is gd and everything seems fine n a perfect day
D．smething abut why we can’t get nline with ur cmputers
【答案】25．B 26．C 27．D 28．A
【分析】本文主要介绍了关于太阳风暴的一些事实。
25．细节理解题。根据“These strms can even cause the pwer t g ut fr weeks r mnths.”可知，太阳风暴会造成几周或几个月的停电。故选B。
26．细节理解题。根据“A slar strm is caused by slar flares: large sudden burning near the sun. It can give ff lts f energy.”可知，太阳风暴是由太阳耀斑引起的：太阳附近突然发生的大规模燃烧。它能释放出大量的能量，因此太阳耀斑是太阳附近的大爆炸。故选C。
27．细节理解题。根据第三段可知，太阳风暴是由太阳耀斑引起的：太阳附近突然发生的大规模燃烧。它能释放出大量的能量。强大的能量可以阻止运行我们计算机、电信网络等的卫星系统。这些风暴甚至会导致断电几周或几月。因此正确的顺序应是先发生太阳耀斑，太阳耀斑引起太阳风暴，之后产生的能量会阻止卫星系统，进而造成不能上网，即a-c-d-b。故选D。
28．主旨大意题。根据“But tday, a slar strm ften puts ur sciety in danger.”及全文可知，本文主要讲述了太阳风暴的一些事情。故选A。
八、阅读理解
（2024·辽宁鞍山·二模）Perhaps mney can smetimes buy happiness but there are als many ther ways t make yu happy. Yu can increase the happiness in yur life within minutes by taking mre ntice f things that make yu happy. Here are sme f them.
◆Life
It’s easy t frget abut the fact—that yu are alive is itself a miracle (奇迹). As the ld saying ges “Every day abve grund is a gd day”.
◆Friendship
Almst everyne has friends, althugh it’s easy t lse news abut them in the rush f events. Tday, take a few minutes t recnnect (重新联系) with sme f them.
◆Family
If yu’ve gt a gd relatinship with yur family, enjy it! Yu’re experiencing ne f the deepest surces (来源) f happiness n the planet.
◆Self-reliance
Feeling safety that yu can depend n yurself t cmplete what yu set ut t cmplete creates quiet but strng happiness.
◆Laughter
It is impssible t laugh and be sad at the same time. Regular dses f laughter are mre than medicine. It’s the flavr f life.
◆Gratitude
Be thankful fr the wnderful things already in yur life, instead f fcusing n what yu dn’t have r what’s ut f reach.
29．Hw d yu increase the happiness in yur life accrding t the passage?
A．By chatting with strangers n the Internet.
B．By depending n parents all the time.
C．By spending a lt f time shpping.
D．By recnnecting friends.
30．Hw d yu understand the ld saying “Every day abve grund is a gd day”?
A．The day when yu are alive is a wnderful day.
B．The day when yu can stand is a wnderful day.
C．The day when yu are traveling is a wnderful day.
D．The day when yu are smiling is a wnderful day.
31．Why is yur family very imprtant in yur life?
A．Because yur parents lve yu very much.
B．Because yu can always depend n yur family.
C．Because it’s ne f the deepest surces f happiness.
D．Because yu can’t always stay with yur family.
32．Which is the best title fr the passage?
A．Mney Can Buy HappinessB．The Ways t Make Yurself Happy
C．Try t Make Yurself HappyD．Lve Yurself; Lve Life
【答案】29．D 30．A 31．C 32．B
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了使自己高兴起来的六种方式。
29．细节理解题。根据短文“Friendship: Almst everyne has friends, althugh it’s easy t lse news abut them in the rush f events. Tday, take a few minutes t recnnect with sme f them.”可知，通过联系朋友来增加你生活中的幸福。故选D。
30．句意猜测题。根据短文“Life: It’s easy t frget abut the fact-that yu are alive is itself a miracle. As the ld saying ges ‘Every day abve grund is a gd day’.”可推知，人生在世的每一天都是一个好日子，这就是对古老谚语“Every day abve grund is a gd day”的正确理解。故选A。
31．细节理解题。根据短文“Family: Yu’re experiencing ne f the deepest surces f happiness n the planet.”可知，家庭是最深切的幸福源泉之一；因此家庭在你的生活中是很重要的。故选C。
32．最佳标题题。综合全文可知，本文主要从生活、友谊、家庭、自立、笑声和感恩这六个方面介绍了使你自己高兴起来的方式；选项B“让自己快乐的方式。”适合作为文章的标题。故选B。
九、阅读理解
（2024·安徽合肥·一模）Recently, a research team frm Nanjing Agricultural University has invented Xunzi, a large language mdel (LLM) and XunziChat alng with Gulian, a leading ancient Chinese text publisher.
When asked why he and his partners made the large language mdel, Wang Dngb, the leader f the research team, explained that “traditinal Chinese characters, the tp-t-dwn design, the absence f punctuatin (标点) are all difficulties that readers have t get ver when they read traditinal texts”.
T create Xunzi the LLM, Wang and his partners first needed t d a lt f research. Since 2013, his team has wrked hard t digitize Chinese classics like the Siku Quanshu. “The hard wrk includes a large crpus (语料库) f tw billin Chinese characters, which is necessary fr the large language mdel,” said Wang.
But their effrts seem t have paid ff. Nw Xunzi the LLM can mark, translate, punctuate, and understand parts f ancient Chinese texts. It can even search fr specific infrmatin, such as names, events, and places frm a text.
Wang and his team have shared the LLM n GitHub and ther websites, allwing users t dwnlad and use it fr free. “We hpe this will encurage mre peple t enjy the beauty f traditinal Chinese culture,” Wang explained.
33．Which is difficult t read accrding t Wang Dngb?
A． B．C． D．
34．Which f the fllwing is TRUE abut Xunzi the LLM?
A．A large crpus can be built n it.
B．The team has put great effrts int it.
C．We can get infrmatin n it as we like.
D．It was develped by Gulian and GitHub.
35．What des “this” refer t?
A．Reading mdern texts.B．Searching fr infrmatin.
C．Sharing the LLM fr free.D．Publishing texts n websites.
36．What’s the best title?
A．Uncver ancient textsB．Develp reading ability
C．Enjy Chinese cultureD．Invent Chinese characters
【答案】33．A 34．B 35．C 36．A
【分析】本文主要介绍了南京农业大学开发的“荀子”古籍大语言模型的相关内容。
33．细节理解题。根据“traditinal Chinese characters, the tp-t-dwn design, the absence f punctuatin are all difficulties that readers have t get ver when they read traditinal texts”可知，繁体字，自上而下的设计，没有标点符号，这些都是读者阅读繁体文本时必须克服的困难。所以王东波认为繁体文本阅读有困难，A选项图示符合。故选A。
34．细节理解题。根据第三段内容可知，为了创建LLM，王东波和他的团队做了大量的研究工作，包括需要制作20亿汉字的语料库，所以该团队为此付出了巨大的努力。故选B。
35．代词指代题。根据“allwing users t dwnlad and use it fr free”和“We hpe this will encurage mre peple t enjy the beauty f traditinal Chinese culture”可知，王东波和他的团队已经在很多网站上分享了LLM，允许用户免费下载和使用，目的是鼓励更多的人可以享受中国传统文化之美。所以此处this指代前文提到的免费共享LLM。故选C。
36．最佳标题题。根据“Nw Xunzi the LLM can mark, translate, punctuate, and understand parts f ancient Chinese texts. It can even search fr specific infrmatin, such as names, events, and places frm a text.”及全文内容可知，文章主要介绍了“荀子”大语言模型，该模型可以标记、翻译和理解中国古代文本，甚至可以从文本中搜索各类信息，所以对古代文本的研究有很重要的意义。选项A“揭秘古代文本”符合文章内容。故选A。
十、阅读理解
（2024·陕西西安·一模）It’s cmmn knwledge that spiders use their webs (网) t catch insects. Hwever, sme spiders have develped ther uses fr their webs. One such spider is the Eurpean water spider, which uses its web t breathe underwater.
The Eurpean water spider spends mst f its life underwater. It gives birth t a baby, cares fr its yung, and feeds n insects underwater. Since it needs t breathe, the spider carefully keeps the air inside its web. This is what allws it t stay underwater fr a lng time.
The web is like a balln with a hle in the bttm (底部). This “balln” keeps the air inside and allws the spider t get in and ut thrugh the bttm t catch nearby insects. In fact, the water spider’s web wrks much the same as a diving bell, an early kind f submarine (潜水艇). Diving bells were large bells supplied with air frm a hse (软管) running t the water’s surface. The air kept the water frm filling up the bell, and peple culd g in and ut thrugh the pen bttm. Because f this quality, water spiders are smetimes knwn as “diving bell spiders”.
Althugh the web allws the water spider t stay underwater fr a lng time, sme trips t the surface are necessary. When the web needs mre fresh air, the spider pushes the web and lets the ld air g ut. Then, it swims t the surface t cllect small fresh air bubbles (气泡) and keeps them in the hairs n its stmach and legs. Finally, it ges back dwn t fill the web again.
37．The writer starts the passage by ________.
A．giving an exampleB．telling a stry
C．listing sme numbersD．asking sme questins
38．The underlined wrd “supplied with” means “________” in Paragraph 3.
A．afraid fB．tired fC．empty fD．full f
39．In which paragraph can yu knw what water spiders d fr mre fresh air?
A．Paragraph 3.B．Paragraph 2.C．Paragraph 4.D．Paragraph 1.
40．What is the best title f the passage?
A．Different kinds f spiders.B．A special spider web.
C．An early kind f submarine.D．The wnderful underwater wrld.
【答案】37．A 38．D 39．C 40．B
【分析】本文主要介绍了欧洲水蜘蛛是如何利用“网”在水下呼吸的。
37．细节理解题。根据“One such spider is the Eurpean water spider, which uses its web t breathe underwater.”可知，作者用举例子的方式展开全文。故选A。
38．词句猜测题。根据“Diving bells were large bells supplied with air frm a hse (软管) running t the water’s surface.”可知，此处表示充满空气，“full f”与“supplied with”意思相近。故选D。
39．细节理解题。根据“When the web needs mre fresh air, the spider pushes the web and lets the ld air g ut. Then, it swims t the surface t cllect small fresh...”可知，第四段讲述了水蜘蛛是如何获取新鲜空气的。故选C。
40．最佳标题题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲了水蜘蛛特殊的蜘蛛网，以及它是如何用这张网进行呼吸的。B项“一张特殊的蜘蛛网”符合题意。故选B。
十一、阅读理解
（23-24九年级下·江苏泰州·开学考试）①A smile shws that a persn is happy. Fr example, a persn may smile when he is pleased with a grade n a test. Or a persn might smile if a friend tld a funny jke. Peple smile fr many different reasns. But smiles are mre than just a way fr peple t shw that they are happy. There are ther gd reasns t smile ften.
②First, it is easier t smile than t shw unhappiness. In fact, it nly takes 17 muscles (肌肉) t smile. But it takes 43 muscles t shw unhappiness. S give the muscles in yur face a rest and smile!
③Secnd, smiles are nice. Peple may try t lk nice n the utside by wearing nice clthes. Hwever, there is a famus saying: _________. That is because it is easy t be arund smene wh is smiling and happy. Almst n ne wants t be arund smene wh is unhappy all the time.
④Third, smiles are helpful. Bth smiling and laughing can quickly spread frm ne persn t anther. If ne persn smiles, peple arund him want t smile, t. Similarly, when a persn laughs, peple tend (倾向) t laugh with him. If a persn is sad, the best thing t d is t share a smile r laugh. It is the easiest and cheapest way t cheer smene up. Usually nbdy wuld like t turn dwn the invitatin which is ffered by a persn with a smile.
⑤Finally, smiling and laughing are very gd fr the bdy. Even if yu are mad r sad. try smiling. Yu’ll find that it will be hard t stay mad r sad fr very lng
41．Which f the fllwing sentences can be put in the _______ in Paragraph ③?
A．Life withut smiles is like a spring withut flwers.
B．If yu smile at life, life will smile at yu.
C．Smile is the mst beautiful language in the wrld.
D．A smile is the best thing a persn can wear.
42．What d the underlined wrds “turn dwn” mean mst pssibly?
A．Accept.B．Receive.C．Refuse.D．Share.
43．What can we learn frm the text?
A．Smiling has nthing t d with health.
B．Smiling helps peple change their unhappy feelings.
C．The best way t cmfrt (安慰) smene is t share yur wn stry.
D．Peple wh wear smiles lk mre plite than thse wh dn't.
44．Hw is the text rganized? (①=Paragraph 1, ②=Paragraph 2, . . . )
A．B．C．D．
45．What can be the best title fr this text?
A．The pwer f smiling.B．The imprtance f happiness.
C．Different ways f smiling.D．Ways f making peple happy.
【答案】41．D 42．C 43．B 44．D 45．A
【分析】本文主要讲述了微笑不仅仅是人们表示快乐的一种方式，人们微笑还有许多不同的好处。
41．推理判断题。根据“Peple may try t lk nice n the utside by wearing nice clthes. Hwever, there is a famus saying: ... That is because it is easy t be arund smene wh is smiling and happy.”可知，空处的句子应是一句古话，且内容应与微笑比通过锻炼或穿漂亮的衣服来让自己看起来漂亮更好相关。因此可推知，空处的古话是“笑容是最好的装饰”。故选D。
42．词义猜测题。根据“Third, smiles are helpful.”可知，本段说的是微笑是有帮助的，所以推断没有人愿意拒绝一个面带微笑的人的邀请。划线部分表示“拒绝”，与refuse同义。故选C。
43．推理判断题。根据“If a persn is sad, the best thing t d is t share a smile r laugh. It is the easiest and cheapest way t cheer smene up.”可知，微笑可以帮助人们克服不愉快的感觉。故选B。
44．篇章结构题。本文第一段是总述人们微笑有许多不同的原因，第二、三、四、五段分别介绍了一种原因，所以全篇文章是总分结构。故选D。
45．最佳标题题。本文主要讲述了微笑不仅仅是人们表示快乐的一种方式，人们微笑还有许多不同的好处，体现了微笑的力量，A项“微笑的力量“最适合做标题。故选A。
十二、阅读理解
（23-24九年级上·江苏泰州·期末）
①A new study has shwn hw the clur f a bwl can influence the taste f the fd it hlds.
②Althugh it is hard t say what a picky eater (挑食的人) is like, the type may include peple wh have a limited diet, wh have strng likes r dislikes fr certain fd, wh require fd t be prepared in a special way, wh aren’t willing t accept new fd, r wh shw signs f all these features.
③Accrding t this new study, fd was put int tw grups in red, blue, r white bwls. While the clur made n difference in taste fr nn-picky eaters, the picky eaters reprted changes in their taste senses based n the clur f the bwl being used. Snacks in red and blue bwls were thught t have mre salt than thse in white bwls, while snacks in red bwls were less pleasant than thse in the ther bwls.
④ “This knwledge can be useful fr thse wh want t try mre kinds f fds,” says Lrenz Staffrd, a psychlgist frm the University f Prtsmuth in the UK. “Fr example, if yu want t encurage a picky eater t try sme bitter (苦的) vegetables, yu can try t put them n a pink plate r in a yellw bwl, because this can give him r her a sweet feeling.”
⑤At first it may seem strange that a bwl clur can influence the taste f fd, but the research befre has shwn hw light and music can influence eating habits. All f ur senses are cnnected, including taste.
⑥ “This new study can help in treating fd nephbia—the unwillingness t try new fd,” the team f the study says, and further studies will be required t find ut mre relatinships between clurs and fds.
⑦ “Thrugh further studies, maybe we can decide ways t help actively influence a persn’s diet, and as a result, their health in mind and bdy,” says Staffrd.
46．Accrding t the passage, wh is a picky eater?
• Tm especially likes hamburgers.
• Lucy is able t accept new fd happily.
• Sigmund usually has three meals a day.
• Mary desn’t care hw vegetables are cked.
A．Tm.B．Lucy.C．Mary.D．Sigmund.
47．Accrding t the new study, which f the fllwing is true?
A．All the clurs made n difference in taste t picky eaters.
B．Snacks in red bwls seem t be saltier than thse in blue bwls.
C．Snacks in red bwls seem less pleasant than thse in white bwls.
D．Putting sweet vegetables n a pink plate may give a bitter feeling.
48．Accrding t the passage, why can a bwl clur influence the taste f fd?
A．It desn’t tell us.
B．Because peple like clurful bwls.
C．Because light and music can influence eating habits.
D．Because all f ur senses are cnnected, including taste.
49．What des the underlined wrd nephbia mean?
A．美食综合症B．消化不良C．新奇恐惧症D．暴饮暴食
50．Which paragraphs talk abut the meaning f this new study?
A．④⑤⑥⑦B．⑤⑥⑦C．⑥⑦D．⑦
【答案】46．A 47．C 48．D 49．C 50．C
【分析】本文主要介绍了一项新研究，研究表明碗的颜色会影响食物的味道。
46．推理判断题。根据第二段内容“Althugh it is hard t say what a picky eater (挑食的人) is like, the type may include peple wh have a limited diet, wh have strng likes r dislikes fr certain fd, wh require fd t be prepared in a special way, wh aren’t willing t accept new fd, r wh shw signs f all these features.”可知，挑食的人可能包括饮食有限的人、对某些食物有强烈好恶的人、要求食物以特殊的方式准备的人、不愿意接受新食物的人等。Tm特别喜欢汉堡，属于“对某些食物有强烈好恶的人”，由此可推断Tm是一个挑食的人。故选A。
47．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Accrding t this new study, fd was put int tw grups in red, blue, r white bwls. …, while snacks in red bwls were less pleasant than thse in the ther bwls.”可知，红碗中的小吃不如蓝色和白色碗中的小吃好吃。故选C。
48．细节理解题。根据第五段内容“At first it may seem strange that a bwl clur can influence the taste f fd, but the research befre has shwn hw light and music can influence eating habits. All f ur senses are cnnected, including taste.”可知，碗的颜色能影响食物的味道是因为我们所有的感官都是相连的，包括味觉。故选D。
49．词句猜测题。根据“the unwillingness t try new fd”可知，不敢尝试新食物，可猜测nephbia的意思应是“新奇恐惧症”。故选C。
50．主旨大意题。根据全文内容可知，第六段和第七段说明了这项新研究的意义：不仅有助于治疗新食物恐惧症，还可以通过积极影响一个人的饮食，从而影响他的身心健康。故选C。
engage/en'geɪdʒ/
verb engaged, engaging.
①t draw ne’s attentin and keep them interested
②t give smebdy a jb
③t begin fighting with smebdy
④t fit ne part f a machine int anther s they can wrk
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