专题3.3 情态动词和虚拟语气（重温高考+考点精析+易错点聚焦+考点集训）-2024高考英语一轮复习【语法精准突破】课件（知识梳理+考点精练）

这是一份专题3.3 情态动词和虚拟语气（重温高考+考点精析+易错点聚焦+考点集训）-2024高考英语一轮复习【语法精准突破】课件（知识梳理+考点精练），共44页。PPT课件主要包含了重 温 真 题，could send，could find，can stay，can cause ，had，考 点 精 析，框架结构图，情态动词，常见情态动词等内容，欢迎下载使用。

单句语法填空1. (2021 天津卷改编) It used t be that yu ________________ (drive) fr miles here withut seeing anther persn, but nw there are huses and peple everywhere. 解析：考查情态动词。句意：过去你可能开车数英里看不到一个人，但现在到处都是房子和人。根据句意和语境可知，这里介绍的是过去和现在的对比，表示“有可能”，故填culd/might drive。2. (2021 天津卷改编) —I hnestly dn’t think I’m ging t be admitted.—Well, yu never knw! Yu ______________ (make) a better impressin than yu think. 解析：考查情态动词。句意：——老实说，我觉得我不会被录取。——唉，谁知道呢！你给人的印象可能比你想象的要好。根据句意可知，此处表示的是有可能，故填may have made。
culd/might drive
may have made
3. (2020 全国I卷改编) Because the mn’s bdy blcks direct radi cmmunicatin with a prbe, China first had t put a satellite in rbit abve the mn in a spt where it __________ (send) signals t the spacecraft and t Earth. 解析：考查情态动词。根据句意，中国第一次在月球上安置了一个卫星，用以发射信号到太空站或地球。故填culd send。4. (2020 全国III卷改编) When he asked the villagers n the banks f the river where he __________ (find) the legendary (传奇的) artist, they smiled and pinted dwn the river. 解析：考查情态动词。句意：当他问江岸边的村民他在哪里可以找到这位传奇的艺术家时，他们笑着指向江的下游。分析句意可知，设空处表达的是能够做某事。时态为一般过去时，故填culd find。
5. (2020 天津卷改编) Jim says we ________ (stay) in his huse as lng as we leave it clean and tidy. 解析：考查情态动词。句意：吉姆说只要我们保持干净整洁，我们就可以待在他家里。根据句意并分析句子结构可知，主句是一般现在时态，介绍的是现在的情况，所以宾语从句用一般现在时态，故填can stay。6. (2020 江苏卷改编) If I hadn’t been faced with s many barriers, I ________ ____________________ nt be where I am. 解析：考查情态动词。句意：如果我没有面对这么多的障碍，我就不会是现在的我。分析句子成分可知，此处是错综时间虚拟语气，根据空后where I am可知，此处是与现在事实相反的假设，主句谓语动词应使用wuld/culd/might/shuld+d。故填wuld/culd/might/shuld。
wuld / culd / might / shuld
7. (2019 江苏卷改编) What a pity! Yu missed the sightseeing, r we _______________ (have) a gd time tgether. 解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：真遗憾啊！你错过了这次游览，否则我们就可以一起度过一段愉快的时光了。根据语境可知，并列连词r在句中意为“否则，要不然”，为含蓄条件的一种表达方式，后面的句子与过去的事实相反，故填wuld have had。8. (2019 天津卷改编) The wrkers were nt better rganized, therwise they _______________________ (accmplish) the task in half the time. 解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：工人们没有被更好地组织起来，否则他们用一半的时间就能完成这项任务。表示对过去的虚拟，需用wuld have dne的形式。故填wuld have accmplished。
wuld have had
wuld have accmplished
9. (2018 北京卷改编) In tday’s infrmatin age, the lss f data _________ (cause) serius prblems fr a cmpany. 解析：考查情态动词。句意：在当今这个信息时代，对于一个公司来说，数据的丢失会造成严重的问题。根据句意可知，语境要体现的是一种理论上的可能性，因此用can cause符合语境。10. (2018 天津卷改编) I can’t find my purse. I ___________________ (leave) it in the supermarket yesterday, but I’m nt sure. 解析：考查情态动词。句意：我找不到我的钱包了。我可能昨天把它落在超市了，但我不确定。设空处表示对过去事情的推测，且根据题干中的I’m nt sure可推知此处表示不确定的推测，故用culd/might have left表示“可能”。
culd/might have left
11. (2018 天津卷改编) If we ___________ (catch) the flight yesterday, we wuld be enjying ur hliday n the beach nw. 解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：如果昨天我们赶上那趟航班，我们现在就会正在沙滩上享受我们的假期了。If从句表示与过去事实相反的假设，其谓语动词需用“had+过去分词”形式。故填had caught。 12. (2018 江苏卷改编) There is a gd scial life in the village, and I wish I _____ (have) a secnd chance t becme mre invlved. 解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：这个村子里的人们有良好的社交生活，我希望自己能再获得一次机会去更多地参与其中。wish后面的宾语从句往往用虚拟语气，此处表达现在的一个愿望，谓语动词要用过去式，故填had。
had caught
13. (新课标全国样卷) Mum：Are they there? Oh, my gdness. I ______________ (put) them in there when the phne rang.解析：考查情态动词的推测性用法。根据句意，是对过去发生的动作的最有把握的猜测，肯定句中用must have dne形式。故填must have put。
must have put
否定形式—情态动词＋nt＋动词原形
can / culd, be able twill / wuldshall / shuldmay / mightneeddaremustught t / have t
肯定形式—情态动词＋动词原形
对现在情况的虚拟对过去情况的虚拟对将来情况的虚拟
情态动词的核心考点1．can/culd和be able t的用法(1)can和be able t都表示能力，意思上没多大区别。但can只有现在和过去时，而be able t则有更多的形式。但当成功地完成某一具体动作时，通常不用culd而用was/were able t来表示。这时was / were able t相当于managed t，表示经过一番努力，终于能够完成某事。 She can speak Chinese while her mther can speak French. The bat he tk verturned and he fell int the lake, but he was able t swim t the bank.(2)can/culd表示猜测“可能”，一般用于疑问句和否定句，culd比can的可能性小，也可用于肯定句。 He is in pr health. He can be ill at any time.他身体不好，随时都可能会生病。 Even experts can make mistakes.即使是专家也可能会出差错。 My mther culd be very unpleasant at times.我母亲有时候会让人非常不愉快。
(3)can可以表示理论上的可能性，指常有的行为或情形，意为“有时会……”。 Anybdy can make mistakes. 表示现实可能性，这包含两个方面的含义:一是指将来可能性，一是指现在的可能性，在这两种用法中，通常都不用can，但可用culd(可以指现在，相当于may /might): 今年夏天我们可能要去日本。(将来可能性) We culd [may, might] g t Japan this summer. We can g t Japan this summer. 你可能是对的，但我不认为你对。(现在可能性) Yu culd [may, might] be right, but I dn’t think yu are. Yu can be right, but I dn’t think yu are.
(4)表示请求、允许(表请求时，口语中常用culd代替can使语气更委婉，回答时用can)。 Can / Culd I cme in? Culd yu tell me hw I can get t the railway statin? -- Culd I have the TV n? -- Yes, yu can. (否定答语可用N, I can’t. / I’m afraid nt.)(5)表示惊异、怀疑、不相信的态度(主要用于否定句、疑问句或感叹句中)。 Hw can that be true? I can’t believe my eyes and ears. Hw can yu say that yu really understand the whle stry if yu have nly cvered nly part f the article?
(6)can的特殊用法。can but只好；can’t but不得不；can’。再……也不为过，越……越好 I dn’t think we’ll manage it. Still, we can but try. 我想我们应付不了这事。但不妨试试。 I can’t but admire yur bravery. 我不得不佩服你的勇气。 Yu can’t be t patient t the custmers. 你不能对顾客太有耐心。
2．may和might的用法(1)表示允许、请求，might比may的语气更委婉一些。—May I watch TV nw?—Yes, yu may. (Yes, please.)—N, yu mustn’t. (N, yu’d better nt.)(2)表示可能性时，might比may的可能性小，may表示的可能性比can / culd小(主要用于肯定或否定句，疑问句用can/culd代替)。He may nt cme tday, fr it’s raining. 今天他可能不会来，因为在下雨。He cannt cme tday, fr he has gne t America. 他今天不可能来，因为他去美国了。
(3)表示祝愿(不用might) May yu succeed! 祝你成功! May yu live happily. 祝你生活幸福！(4)may/might as well最好还是……，不妨 Yu might as well d it nw. 你不妨现在就做。 If n ne else wants it, we might as well give it t him. 如果没人要这个，我们不妨给他吧。(5)may/might well很可能 He may well be late fr class. 他很可能上学迟到了。 An ld friend might well be able t get thrugh t her and help her. 一位老朋友也许能让她理解并帮助她。
3. must, have t和ught t的用法(1)must①表示“必须，应该，一定要”。强调主观看法，只有现在时形式，否定式是must nt (mustn’t)表“禁示，不允许”。must开头的问句，其否定回答要用needn’t或dn’t have t来表达。 All visitrs must reprt t receptin. All this mail must be answered. —Must I hand in the paper rday? —Yes, yu must. —N, yu needn’t / dn’t have t.
②表推测“一定”，用于肯定句。比may的语气强。 There must be sme mistake. ③表示必然的结果。 All the enemies must die.④还可表示主语固执、偏要做他人不希望做的事。 It can’t help；he must d that.(2)have t着重客观需要，能用于更多时态(过去时或将来时)。 Yu’ll have t play inside tday n such a rainy day.(3)ught t表示义务和责任，意为“应该”，比shuld语气要强。 The cmpany ught t d smething abut the pr service.
4. need和dare的用法(1)need表示“需要，必要”，只能用于否定句和疑问句。在肯定句中，常用must和have t代替。 Yu dn’t need t rar in the public place. —Need I cme at nce? —Yes, yu must.(2)dare表示“敢”，通常用于否定句、疑问句和条件状语从句中。 They daren’t ask fr any mre mney. Hw dare yu pick up the phne and listen in n my cnversatins! If yu dare speak t me like that again, yu’ll be srry.
(3)need和dare的特殊用法①need表“需要”时，可用want, require代替。 The bicycle needs repairing/t be repaired. ＝The bicycle wants/requires repairing/t be repaired.②dare作实义动词时，在肯定句中要接t，在疑问句和否定句中t可省去。 Dare t dream and wrk hard t achieve it. Mst peple hate Harry but they dn’t dare t say s. D yu dare (t) swim in the river?
5. will和wuld的用法(1)will①表示请求、建议，常用于第二人称。 Will yu please g with me? Will yu meet me at the airprt?②表示意愿、决定、允许。 I will never allw that t happen again. Accrding t Zhng Wei sme things will never change.③表示习惯性动作或某种倾向，意为“总是，惯于”，通常用于第三人称。 Rsa will always be late fr schl. We will always remember his generus hspitality.
(2)wuld①表示请求、建议，比will委婉，指现在时间，多用于第二人称。 Wuld yu like a cup f cffee? 你想喝杯咖啡吗？ Yu wuld pass yur exams if yu applied yurself. 努力学习就会通过考试。②表示过去习惯性动作或某种倾向。 We wuld play badmintn n Sundays. 我们过去在星期天打羽毛球。 Yu wuld think my wn father wuld stick up fr me nce in a while. 你会认为我的亲生父亲偶尔也会支持我一下。
6. shall和shuld的用法(1)shall用于第一、三人称，在问句中表示征求对方意见或请求。 What shall I wear n the jurney? When shall he be able t leave fr the cncert?用于第二、三人称的陈述句中，表示命令、允诺或威胁等。 Yu shall d as yur father tells yu t. Yu shall have yur mney back tmrrw. He shall have the bk when I finish reading. His life shall be at the mercy f the Duke f Venice.
(2) shuld①表示责任、义务，意为“应该”。 Yu shuld listen t yur dctr’s advice. Yu shuld (= ught t) tell yur mther abut it at nce.②表示惊讶语气，或者在说话人看来是不可思议的，尤其在以 why, wh, hw 等开头的修辞疑问句或某些感叹句中，意为“竟然”。 Yu shuld wear slippers in class. Hw shuld I knw it? ③用于条件句，表示“假如，万一”；省去if，shuld可提至句首。 If yu shuld fail t cme, ask Mrs Chen t wrk in yur place. (= Shuld yu fail t cme, ask Mrs Chen t wrk in yur place.) Shuld yu be late, aplgize t the teacher.
7. 情态动词表示推测或判断的用法
must have dne
may/might d
may/might have dne
can/culd have dne
否定句、疑问句(culd可用于肯定句)
shuld have dne
肯定句、否定句、疑问句
情态动词＋have dne的用法：(1)shuld have dne表示“过去本来应该做某事而实际上未做”，而shuldn’t have dne则表示“过去本不应该做某事而实际上做了”。 Yu shuld have been mre careful in mney matters. Yu shuldn’t have said such implite wrds t yur parents.(2)ught t have dne表示“过去本应该做某事而实际上未做”，而ught nt t have dne则意为“过去本不应该做某事而实际上做了”。 With yur ability, yu ught t have dne better. I’m feeling sick. I ught nt t have eaten s much fd.
(3)needn’t have dne表示“过去本无必要做某事而实际上做了”。 Yu needn’t have walked s quickly since time was enugh. I gt up early, but needn’t have dne s, because I had nthing t d that mrning. (4)culd have dne表示“过去本来有可能做某事而事实上未做到”。 I culd have cme n time, but my car brke dwn n the way. I certainly dn’t think this is smething that nly we culd have dne.(5)may/might have dne表示“过去可能发生过某事”或“本来应该/可以做某事(实际上没做)”。 Yu might have given him mre help, but yu were s busy. Pwers like these might have dne smething abut Greece.
虚拟语气1. if条件句中的虚拟语气
动词过去式(be的过去式用were)
were t＋动词原形
shuld / wuld / culd / might＋动词原形
shuld / wuld / culd / might＋have＋过去分词
①If I were in yur psitin, I wuld try my best t change the situatin. 如果我是你，我就努力改变情形。②If it had nt rained s hard yesterday, we culd have played tennis. 如果昨天没有下大雨，我们就能玩网球了。③If I saw/shuld see/were t see him tmrrw, I wuld invite him hme. 如果明天见到他，我会邀请他到我家。
[提示]　(1)if引导的非真实条件句中如果出现shuld, were或had，可以把if省略，把shuld, were或had提到句首，其他语序不变。 Had she been here five minutes earlier she wuld have seen her ld friend.(2)当if条件句中主、从句表示的动作或行为所发生的时间不一致时，被称为错综时间条件句，这时动词的形式应根据动词所指的时间进行调整。 If yu were in better health, I wuld have let yu g with them.(3)有时假设的情况并不用条件句表现出来，而是暗含在上下文中，比如通过withut, r, therwise, but fr等词或短语来表示。 I ran all the way t schl, therwise I wuld have been late. But fr electricity (=If there were n electricity), there wuld be n mdern industry.
2. shuld＋d...结构的虚拟语气一些表示命令、要求、请求、建议的动词，后面接宾语从句时，从句谓语要用“shuld＋动词原形”，shuld可以省略，但不能换成其他的情态动词，常见的这类动词有：rder, cmmand, require, request, demand, advise, suggest (建议), prpse, recmmend, insist (坚持，坚决要求)等；以上这些动词以及其所对应的名词在涉及主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句时，从句谓语也要用“shuld＋动词原形”来表示，同样，shuld可以省略，但不能换成其他的情态动词。 Yur suggestin that we (shuld) g swimming is ut f the questin; it’s t cld tday. 我们不可能按你的建议去游泳，因为今天太冷了。
3. wish后面接宾语从句时，从句谓语通常要用虚拟语气，即与现在事实相反时，谓语用过去式(be的过去式用were)；与过去事实相反时，谓语用过去完成时；与将来事实相反时，谓语用“culd/wuld/might＋动词原形”。 I wish (that) I were a bird and culd fly freely in the sky. 我希望我是只小鸟，能在天空自由飞翔。4. wuld rather“宁愿……”后接宾语从句时，谓语动词要用虚拟语气，即与现在和将来事实相反，谓语动词用一般过去时(be的过去式用were)；与过去事实相反，谓语动词用过去完成时。 Yu always g withut me and I’d rather yu didn’t. 你总是不带我去，我可不愿意你这样。
5. It is (high / abut) time (that) ...意为“是……的时候了”，that在此引导定语从句，从句谓语要用虚拟语气，从句谓语的形式有两种：一种是用一般过去式；另一种是用“shuld＋动词原形”，需要注意的是，这里的shuld不能省略。 It’s high time that we shuld get/gt dwn t wrking. 该我们着手工作的时候了。
注意：此结构和It is the first (secnd, third ...) time that 有区别。后者引导的从句中，常用现在完成时态形式。It is the first time that she has taken part in a film shting and she says it’s a little bit difficult. 这是她第一次参加电影拍摄。她说这有点困难。
6. if nly从句中的虚拟语气if nly引导的感叹句，其虚拟语气的结构与wish后接宾语从句中的虚拟语气的结构相同。 The pills might have helped him, if nly he’d taken them regularly. 他当时要是按时服药，也许可以对他有帮助的。7. as if, as thugh引导的表语从句和方式状语从句中常用虚拟语气，其虚拟语气结构与wish后接宾语从句中的虚拟语气的结构相同。 It seems as thugh it were spring already. 看起来好像已经是春天了一样。(事实上不是) He talks as if he had been abrad. 他说起话来好像曾经出过国。
写作中情态动词和虚拟语气易错点聚焦1. 表达的单调性例如：在写一封建议信时，如果向好友表达建议，重复使用Yu shuld...既显得单调，同时“你应该”等强硬的语气又会影响交际效果。我们可以灵活多样地表达建议，如Yu’d might as nt...？等。
Maybe yu’d better tell me what this is all abut. 也许你该告诉我，这到底是怎么一回事。The cuple might as well have been strangers. 这对夫妇简直就像是陌路人。
2. 情态动词搭配错误
Yu’d nt better quarrel with yur neighbrs whatever happens.
Yu’d better nt quarrel with yur neighbrs whatever happens.
--- Need I tell me everything that has happened t his father?--- Yes, yu need.--- Yes, yu must.
The king was s ht-tempered that n ne dared tell him the bad news.The king was s ht-tempered that n ne dare (dared t) tell him the bad news.
题组一　情态动词集训单句语法填空1. --- A: The Dragn Bat Race fr this year will be canceled. --- B: Yu ______ be jking. That cannt be true.2. There _____ be n harmny between tw selfish peple.3. I heard yu bught a new bk. _________________ I have a lk?4. The children ______ get lst in the wds; therwise, they wuld have been at the lakeside camp as scheduled.5. When he was there, he _______ g t that cffee shp at the street crner after wrk every day.
May / Can / Culd
6. Our schl makes it a rule that students ______ have lunch and supper in the dining rm.7. If yu are unsure abut what t d next, yu ___________ as well cnsult yur adviser.8. The participants fllwed suit, taking mre fd than they nrmally ______ have.9. There was a lt f fun at yesterday’s party. Yu ________ cme, but why didn’t yu?10. Yu ________ return my umbrella nw. Yu can keep it till next week if yu like.
may / might
题组二　虚拟语气集训1.Hw I wish every family _____ (have) a large huse with a beautiful garden. 2.They wuld ___________ (kill) him if he had nt defended himself. 3.They set ff fr the destinatin t late; therwise they wuldn’t ________ ____________ (stick) in the strm. 4.Tm recmmended me that I _______________ (accept) the invitatin. 5.The ld man treated the by as if he ______ his wn sn.
have killed
(shuld) accept
6. The manager required that the wrk ___________________ (finish) befre Friday. 7. Only when the results came ut did he realize that he shuld ____________ (devte) himself t his studies, but it was t late.8. The wman std by the river still as if she __________ (turn) int a stne. 9. I _____________________ (abandn) my dream f becming a pianist, but fr the encuragement frm that music teacher. 10. Eye dctrs recmmend that a child’s first eye exam ___________ (is) at the age f six mnths.
(shuld) be finished
have devted
might have abandned
题组三　情态动词和虚拟语气专练(1) Tm and Peter are twins. They lk as if they ______ (be) the same persn. Bth the tw bys are smart, but Tm is hard-wrking while Peter is lazy. Tm always wins the first place in the exams while Peter desn’t. Hwever, peple believe if Peter ________ (wrk) as hard as Tm, he wuld d as well as his brther in his study. At hme, their parents suggest that they _____________ (finish) their hmewrk befre playing cmputer games. But Peter insists that it ____ (be) OK t play games first as lng as he can hand in his hmewrk in time. Their mther gives in in the end.
(shuld) finish
One day, when ding his hmewrk, Tm fund he made a serius mistake. S he put his exercise bk aside and used anther ne. When Peter fund the previus exercise bk, he _______ (strike) ut Tm’s name and signed his name n its cver, and handed it in as his wn hmewrk the next day. When the teacher tld the truth t the twins’ mther, she was very angry and shuted at Peter. “Hw I wish yu _____ (be) as diligent as yur brther! Nw it’s time that I _______________ (give) yu a gd lessn. And yu mustn’t play any cmputer games fr a mnth!” “Oh, n! Mm. Withut a cmputer fr such a lng time, I __________ (die). I wuld rather yu ______ (ask) me t d the dishes fr a mnth alne.” Peter was upset. “If yu ___________ (finish) yur hmewrk n time yesterday, yu wuldn’t be punished nw,” said the mther.
gave/shuld give
had finished
题组三　情态动词和虚拟语气专练(2) Lucy is an utging lady. She _____ play many kinds f musical instruments. Actually, she culd play the pian when she was 8 years ld. Lucy als keeps taking exercise every day. She says that she has t d sme sprts because she ______ keep slim. “Yu ______ get fat sn if yu dn’t take exercise every day.” She usually says t her friends. As fr her, an elegant lady shuld try t keep fit. Hwever, last week, she fund that she _______ put n weight and her husband suggested that she shuld lse weight. And these days she’d rather that she _____ (take) mre exercise every day. Hwever, she is always lacking in time because she has t take care f her children.
One night after supper, she walked quickly in rder t g dancing at the Tmrrw Park and she was late. On her way, she thught that the dancing must ___________ (begin), and the cach ______ have taught r shwn many new mves. She was afraid that her friends might ________ (leave) befre she gt there. She was regretful then. She _______ have had supper earlier, r she culd have taken a taxi, and indeed she needn’t __________ (take) a bath in advance. When she reached the park finally, she fund nbdy was there. She remembered suddenly that it had been reprted n the radi that there wuld be a heavy rain that night.
have begun
have taken