专题8 阅读理解七选五——2024届高考英语阅读与写作备考策略

这是一份专题8 阅读理解七选五——2024届高考英语阅读与写作备考策略，共13页。试卷主要包含了Ask questins等内容，欢迎下载使用。

看标题：标题为文章的主旨
看副标题：副标题是其对应段落的中心句
无标题和副标题时，看文章首段确定主旨
步骤二：读选项
注意选项句式
祈使句：通常为副标题或建议
问句
= 1 \* GB3 ① 通常选在前一句或后一句或前后句都是问句的地方
= 2 \* GB3 ② 也可观察其后一句是否为这个问题的答案
= 3 \* GB3 ③ 有时可选在首段最后一句话
强调句
Eg. 原文：… is nt imprtant. ( )
选项：It is … that matters.
注意：要注意前后句内容或句式呼应
… 不重要 → … 很重要；不应该做 … → 应该做 …
I didn’t mean t … → I meant …; If it desn’t … → If it des, …
不是完整的句子 (短语；从句等)
= 1 \* GB3 ① 可能选在副标题的位置
= 2 \* GB3 ② 选在文中 (见第4条内容)
…
注意连接词：
连接词可以表明选项与其前一句话之间的逻辑关系，因此非常关键
句子以 and; but; s 等开头
句子以 hwever; therefre; besides; instead等开头
注意：当句子以 instead 开头时，其前一句通常是否定句或含有否定含义的句子
句子以 in fact; actually; unfrtunately; n the cntrary; by cntrast; as a result 等开头
句子句式为 that’s because / why …
…
注意代词
代词通常需要指代前文提及的内容，因此可以通过代词指代的内容及其单复数情况等判断选入某处的正确与否
it; they; yu; we; us; he; she 等 (选项前文须有对应提及的人或物)
注意：当选项中提及“你”或“我”时，注意段落中其他句子中对应的是“你”还是“我”
ne … the ther / anther; sme … thers 等
eg. 原文：Sme prefer wrking ut by themselves. They enjy … ( )
选项：Others may chse t find a partner wh will encurage them when they dn’t have the mtivatin.
either; neither; bth; all … (选项前文须提及对应数量的人或物)
this; these; that; thse; the (虽然the 并不是代词，但当名词前用定冠词时，很可能这个名词在前文有提及)
…
注意选项第一个单词的首字母大小写 (文中空前或后的标点符号为逗号)
1）__________，半句话
= 1 \* GB3 ① 如果后半句是一个完整的句子，选项选择一个大写开头的从句或短语
= 2 \* GB3 ② 如果后半句不是一个完整的句子，选项选择一个正常句子
2）半句，__________
= 1 \* GB3 ① 如果前半句是一个完整的句子，选项选择一个小写开头的从句或短语
= 2 \* GB3 ② 如果前半句不是一个完整的句子，选项选择一个小写开头的完整句子
3）__________，did sth. and did sth.
选项：Sb did sth.
选项中其他重点词
1）数词 (其前文或后文应该有对应数量的内容)
2）序数词
3）比较级或最高级
4）表示顺序的词 （then; next; befre; after; …）
5）在原文中有重复的词（与副标题或原文某段中有重复）
6）带有感情色彩的词
7）某方向或种类的词（时间；饮食；运动；睡眠；等）
8）als; as well; even; still …
步骤三：判断选项的性质并分类
判断
1）判断选项是否为副标题（与其他副标题句式一致）
2）判断选项是否为总结 （可选入首尾段或段落首尾句）
3）判断选项是否为建议；解释；举例等
…
根据选项中的提示合理猜测其前后文
归类相似选项
步骤四：看文章 (注意文章结构和语言逻辑)
有副标题的文章
1）先做选副标题的
2）再做有副标题的
3）最后做第一段的
注意：首段在段尾设空时，选项有可能出现 there are … / here are … / tips / methds / 等
无副标题的文章
1）先做对应性强的，提示明显的
2）再通过排除法做对应性弱的，提示不明显的
注意事项
无论是否有副标题，一定要看设空处前后文的内容 (尤其注意后一句中的句首连词及句中代词)
在无法确定选项时，可以通过排除法缩小范围，先确定不选哪些选项，以提高正确率
练习题
Passage 1
Everyne has smene wh's wrnged them in ne way r anther. Yet frgiveness is smething yu can achieve as lng as yu take the fllwing steps.
Decide yu want t chse frgiveness.
The first step tward achieving frgiveness is t decide it's smething yu actually want t d, nt smething smene has pressured yu int trying. 1 ( ) Als frgiveness desn't mean excusing r frgetting an injustice，r returning t a relatinship that's harmful.
2 ( )
It's kind f a checklist：Hw are yu ding in terms f yur anger? Hw have yu been denying it? Are yu angrier than yu thught yu wuld be? 3 ( ) Tiredness is the mst cmmn physical cmplaint, as is a pessimistic wrldview---believing n ne can be trusted r that everyne is nly ut fr themselves. Once yu lk at thse effects，the questin becmes：D yu want t heal?
Cmmit t frgiveness.
Once yu have cmpleted stage tw and seen hw the effects f yur anger have made yu unhappy，there's a tendency t give this a try. In this stage，it's imprtant t cmmit yurself t ding n harm tward the persn yu're trying t frgive. That desn't mean being gd t them. 4 ( )
Cnsider the ther persn's wunds.
The gal is t finally feel sympathy fr the ther persn，but dn't start there. 5 ( ) Hw was that persn hurt in life? Hw were they treated unjustly? Were they s wunded that they wunded yu? Yu dn't d this t excuse their actins，but t see a scared persn，may beacn-fused persn，smene wh is nt always right and all-pwerful.
Make a list.
Uncver yur anger.
Instead, think abut them in a new way.
It just means yu dn't d anything negative.
Peple shuld nt be frced int frgiving.
What are the physical cnsequences f yur anger?
On the cntrary, be cmmitted t yur wn happiness.
Passage 2
Dream is strength. The strength can bring us wherever we want t get t and it can bring us a lt f wnders n ur way t the place in ur dreams.
Dream is beauty. Maybe yu can see the things full f magic and maybe yu will be mved by yur wn dream. 1 ( ) But shuld we have ur life withut dreams? Of curse nt.
Everyne has his dreams and dreams are especially imprtant t teenagers. As teenagers, yu have many dreams. These dreams can be very big, such as winning the Nbel Prize. Or they can be small，fr example， yu may just want t becme ne f the ten best students in yur class. 2 ( ), what d yu d with it? D yu ever try t make yur dream cme true?
Andrew Matthews， an Australian writer， tells us that making ur dreams cme true is the biggest challenge in ur life. 3 ( )，r that it is impssible fr yu t becme a writer. 4 ( ). In fact，everyne can fulfill his dream. The first thing yu must d is remember what yur dream is. Dn't let it leave yur heart. Keep telling yurself what yu want. D this step by step and yur dream will cme true earlier because a big dream is made up f many small dreams.
Yu must never give up yur dreams. 5 ( ). But the biggest ne cmes frm yurself. Yu need t decide what is the mst imprtant and face all these difficult is bravely.
These kinds f thughts stp yu realizing yur dream
There will be many difficulties n the rad t yur dreams
Once yu find a dream
Yu may think yu're nt very gd at sme schl subjects
Bth big dreams and small nes are very imprtant t ur lives
The wrld is s real that the dreams seem weak
Yur talent is ne f the mst imprtant factrs in living yur dreams.
Passage 3
Cming face-t-face with yur inadequacies(缺点) can be painful，t say the least. 1 ( ) It even makes yu questin yurself. Yur knee-jerk reactin maybe t get defensive r even dis-miss the critique entirely. But handling negative feedback with grace will nt nly make yu lk gracius，but it culd ultimately help yu grw as a persn. Here's hw t d it.
1.Be bjective abut the criticism
Befre yu jump t cnclusins and begin t challenge the ther persn's pinin，take a step back and lk at it bjectively.
Next time yu get a bad review，dn't immediately allw yur emtins t get the better f yu，but rather，take a mment t cnsider whether the criticism is at all accurate. 2 ( )
2.Avid unnecessary cnflict
If yu decide that the pint is valid，it may be hard t take. In yur discmfrt，yu may feel the urge t criticize the ther persn angrily and defend yurself. 3 ( )
3.Be pen t the idea f change
4 ( ) And it maybe because f a cncept called “cgnitive dissnance” that can prevent us frm changing even when that's what we need mst.
4.Ask questins
If yu're pen t using the criticism as a springbard t imprvement，yu will likely need mre infrmatin. 5 ( ) Yur emtins will be running high，and yu may nt be particularly receptive t extra infrmatin. Hwever，when yu feel ready，it culd be wrth revisiting the subject with the persn wh criticized yu. Even if yu dn't agree with their advice，thank them and prmise t cnsider it.
Mst f us are pretty stubbrn.
There is n dubt that change is necessary.
But it's best t avid getting int an argument.
Being sensitive t criticism leads yu nwhere.
It challenges the way yu believe peple see yu.
Give yurself a chance t really take in the infrmatin and evaluate it.
The initial mment yu hear it may nt be the best tine t ask fr mre details.
Passage 4
Mre than the challenge f fitting int a new culture, there are many benefits that a student can get with an exchange prgram. These benefits include：
Diverse academic pprtunities. It’s nt actually the travel that students wuld lve t study abrad. 1 ( ) Instead, it will be an ffering f diverse pprtunities fr the student. Fr example, the student will be able t experience the differences f teaching methds, educatinal frmats and academic prgram fferings.
2 ( ) Studying in anther cuntry pens the student t different surrundings, which makes the student knw abut the cuntry’s custms, peple and regins. Knwing ther culture als teaches the student hw t be pen­minded.
Persnality develpment. 3 ( ) Thus, the student needs t make decisins n his r her wn and suffer the cnsequences r enjy the fruits f thse decisins. With this, the student is taught hw real life is, what it means t be respnsible, and hw being resurceful can help in his r her survival. It’s n wnder that mst students wh returned after the exchange prgram were seen with significant imprvement n their persnal develpment. 4 ( )
S, why nt let yur child have the benefits f a student exchange prgram? Exchange prgrams r study-abrad prgrams are a great investment fr the student. 5 ( ) Just imagine, by transfrming students in a freign cuntry, the sciety is starting t build a new bld f mre mature peple wh might just be able t create a better tmrrw fr the generatins t cme.
A．Imprved prtectin f scial rights.
B．Better awareness f cultural differences.
C．Mre imprtantly, it is helpful fr the imprvement f the sciety.
D．Mst f them are mre cnfident and have better decisin-making skills.
E．The hsting schl can als benefit by making a student’s dream cme true.
F．Althugh students really lve traveling, studying is nt a travel-fun activity at all times.
G．Being an exchange student ften means living far away frm hme and parental guidance.
Passage 5
Practical Ways t Shw Respect fr a Friend
Shw respect fr their life chices and decisins.
Accept that peple aren't always ging t be just like yu. They will make different life chices，have different views n plitics and religin，and act differently in many ways. This desn't mean they can't be yur friend. 1 ( )
Give them the benefit f the dubt.
2 ( ) If yu're in dubt abut smething，ask yur friend. Be respectful and give them the benefit f the dubt when yu dn't d. This alne will help yu stay in their gd graces(好感) . Give friends yur full attentin.
One f the best ways t shw respect fr smene is t listen t them fully. Allw them t pause，cnvey nnverbal cmmunicatin clues，cllect their thughts，and get it all ut. T f-ten friends listen with half an ear r jump in the minute their friend pauses with an even wrse stry. 3 ( ) When yur friend is talking，pay attentin.
4 ( )
Treat yur friends respectfully when yu argue with them. Make yur friendship a safe place by nt embarrassing yur friend r expressing yur private disagreements in frnt f ther peple. Be publicly supprtive and kind t yur friends s they knw yu value yur friendship with them.
Shw up，be there，and d what yu say yu're ging t d.
5 ( ) S just shw yur friend the best kind f respect by being n time, keeping prmises，and being the ne friend they can always cunt n. That's the way t truly shw respect.
Assumptins can be a dangerus thing.
Cnsider yur friendship a precius gift.
This type f behavir is very disrespectful.
Tell yur friends what yu think abut them directly.
In fact，yu can almst d nthing but accept the differences.
It means that yu'll need t take a step back，reserve judgment，and shw respect.
N ne likes an unreliable friend wh says they'll be there and then desn't shw.
Passage 6
Rise and Shine All Day
Making these easy tasks part f yur mrning schedule will imprve yur nutritin, energy, and md tday—and beynd.
Stretch in bed
Try this even befre yu pen yur eyes. Lift ne arm and begin by stretching each finger, then yur hand, then yur wrist, and then yur whle arm.1 ( ). Then stretch yur tes, feet, ankles, and legs. Finally, end with a neck and back stretch that pushes yu ut f bed. This “pwer pse” makes yu feel mre cnfident all day lng.
2 ( )
Wrking ut befre yu eat encurages yur bdy t burn mre fat fr energy rather than relying n carbhydrates (碳水化合物) frm fd. In a study, participants wh exercised after breakfast still gained weight, but thse wh exercised n an empty stmach did nt.
Turn n the music
3 ( ). If anyne plays an instrument, and if yu have a little time, mrning is the perfect time t practice, as it prepares yur brain fr learning. One study fund that bth playing and listening t music help imprve academic perfrmance in 16 different ways, including increasing fcus and memry.
Enjy sme fun
Many peple fear t face a new day f wrk, schl, r chres.4 ( ). This can be having a cup f cffee as yu read yur favrite blg, etc. Chse activities yu enjy and that set yu n a gd path fr the day.
Yu’ve imprved yur state f mind, yur health, and yur prductivity—all befre the weekday has even begun.5 ( )．
A．Pick smething energetic that yu and thers in the huse enjy and put it n while yu get ready
B．Nw yu’re ready t cnquer yur t-d list fr tday and every day
C．D regular exercise in the mrning
D．Mve n t the ther arm
E．Exercise a bit—n an empty stmach
F．Take up the entire length f the bed when yu stretch
G．But if the first thing yu d is pleasant, yu’ll find it much easier t get ging
参考答案
Passage 1
【答案】EBFDC
【解析】
1. E. 联系上下文，根据前文可知实现宽恕的第一步是决定你真正想做的事情，而不是别人强迫你做的，与E选项人们不应该被迫宽恕别人内容一致，故选E。
2. B. 根据其他副标题的祈使句可知，本题答案应该限定在A和B中，再根据下文内容可知，本段并没有让我们列清单，而是通过几个问题对愤怒进行剖析，故选B。
注意：虽然C和G选项也是祈使句，但句子以连接词Instead 和 On the cntrary 开头，需要有前文内容进行支撑，故不适合选在副标题的位置。
F. 根据前后文可知，前文提出问题对愤怒进行剖析，F选项这个问题符合题意；其次，后文说疲劳是对身体最常见的影响，是对F选项中这一问题的回答，故选F。
D. 根据前文That desn’t mean being gd t them. 可知，D选项不仅与前文句式一致，且内容 (它只意味着你不做任何消极的事) 也契合，故选D。
C. 根据空前内容：我们的目标是同情别人，但不要从那里开始可知，后文应该告诉我们应该怎么做。C选项相反，我们要以另一种方式思考符合题意，故选C。(这里也符合选项以 instead 开头，前一句为否定句)
Passage 2
【答案】FCDAB
【解析】
F. 根据后一句中的But可知，选项内容应该与后一句话存在转折关系，因此F选项 (世界如此真实，梦想似乎很弱) 符合，故选F。
C. 根据出题处逗号及后半句为完整句子可知，选项应该为短语或从句，只有C选项符合，故选C。
根据出题处句子结构可知，连词r 后连接一个 that 引导的从句，因此选项应该为带有从句的完整句子，选项中D 与F 符合，F 为第一题答案，因此本题只能选D。
A. 选项中These thughts 指代前文内容，即前文提及的认为不擅长一些科目或不可能成为一名作家，因此A选项符合题意，故选A。
B. 从出题处后一句 (但最大的一个来自于你自己) 可知，选项中应该有复数名词能过让 ne 进行指代，且B 选项句意也与后文契合，故选B。
Passage 3
【答案】
【解析】EFCAG
E. 根据前一句可知，面对不足之处事痛苦的，至少可以这样说。它让你质疑人们看待你的方式。选项中it 指代前文，故选E。
F. 根据前一句可知，花一些时间考虑这些批判是否都是正确的，与选项中的给自己机会真正接受这些信息并对其进行评估意思相近，故选F。
C. 根据副标题可知本段中心内容是避免与人发生冲突，因此C 选项符合题意
A. 根据后一句可知，it 指代前文内容，且 it 会阻止我们改变即使这个改变是我们需要的，因此可知 it 指代的内容比较消极，A 选项我们很多人很固执符合题意。
G. 根据本段 Hwever, when yu feel ready, … 可知，前后存在转折或对比，G选项中的 The initial mment … 与此相对应，故选G。
Passage 4
【答案】FBGDC
【解析】
F. 根据后一句中的Instead 可知，选项很有可能是含有否定含义的句子，只有F选项符合，并且其内容 (… 学习从来都不是一项像旅游一样有趣的活动，相反，它将为学生提供多样化的机会)也与前后文相符，故选F。
B. 根据其他段首句句式可知，本题应该选一个名词短语，只有 A 与 B 符合，再根据段落大意可知本段与了解文化差异有关，故选B。
G. 根据后一句中的 Thus 可知，选项与后一句为因果关系，后一句提及需要自己做决定并承担或享受自己做决定的后果，因此G选项远离家乡和父母的指导符合题意，故选G。
D. 根据本段内容可知交换生回国后再个人发展方面取得了显著的进步，D选项他们大多数都更自信且能更好的做决定符合题意，故选D。 (选项中them 指代前文的mst students)
C. 根据前后文可知，本段在讲述交换项目对对社会的好处，故C选项符合题意。
Passage 5
【答案】FACBG
【解析】
F. 根据前一句中的 That desn’t mean … (这不意味着他们不能成为你的朋友) 与F选项句式和内容均相符，故选F。
A. 根据本段内容可知，当你不同意的时候要询问对方尊重对方，选项A 假设是一件很危险的事符合题意，故选A。
C. 根据一句内容“很多时候朋友们不认真听或当朋友停下来时插嘴是一件很糟糕的事”可知，选项C 这是一种非常不尊重的行为符合题意，故选C。(选项中This type f behavir 指代前文提及的内容)
B. 根据其他副标题句式可知，本题应该选一个祈使句，因此B 和D 选项符合，再根据本段大意尊重朋友，让友谊处于安全的位置可知 B选项符合题意，故选B。
G. 根据副标题可知，本段中心是准时，陪伴与信守承诺，G选项符合题意。
Passage 6
【答案】DEAGB
【解析】
D. 根据前文可知描述了伸展动作的过程，因此D选项符合题意，且人只有两只手臂，选项中 the ther arm 与前文呼应，故选D。
E. 根据其他副标题可知，本题应该选一个祈使句，CDEF符合，再根据本段内容 (吃东西前锻炼可以燃烧更多脂肪 …) 可知，E选项符合，故选E。
A. 根据副标题及后问提及的如果有人演奏乐器，那么晨练是最佳运动时间可知，A选项找一些你和家人都喜欢的令人精力充沛的东西符合题意，故选A。
G. 根据副标题享受其中二段乐趣可知G 选项符合题意，且G选项以 But 开头，与前一句的内容符合转折关系，故选B。
B. 根据文章结构可知，本句在文章最后一句，应该选择可以总结全文的句子，且根据前文内容“已经改善了精神健康状态即工作效率”与 B 选项 yu are ready t …内容相对应，故选B