06动词的时态和语态(复习卡)-2024年高考英语一轮复习语法能力突破必备(PPT+复习卡+精练题)(通用版) word+ppt

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考点1 一般时态1.一般现在时(d/des; am/is/are)(1)表示经常发生的、习惯性的、反复出现的动作或状态。常与表示习惯的副词(词组)always, every time, nw and then, ccasinally, ften, seldm,smetimes, usually, every day/night等连用。(2)按时间表、时刻表、日程表等安排将要发生的动作,用一般现在时。只限于g, arrive, leave, start, stay, return, begin, cme等动词。(3)表示普遍真理。
(4)用在时间、条件或让步状语从句中,用一般现在时表示将来。He plays basketball every day.The film starts at tw ’clck.The earth ges rund the sun.If yu lk at all sides f the situatin, yu’ll prbably find a slutin that suits everyne.
2.一般过去时(did; was/were)(1)表示过去某个时间发生的动作或情况。(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)Fitness Magazine recently ran an article titled “Five Reasns t Thank Yur Wrkut Partner”.(2)表示过去的习惯性动作。【拓展】used t d表示“过去常常做……”We used t g there every year.We ften played tgether when we were children.—Haven’t seen yu fr ages! Where have yu been?—I went t Ningxia and stayed there fr three years, teaching as a vlunteer.
考点2进行时态1.现在进行时(am/is/are ding)(1)表示说话时正在进行或表示现阶段正在进行的动作,虽然此时此刻该动作不一定正在进行。(2)表示按计划或安排即将发生的动作,常用的这类动词有g, cme, leave, start, arrive, return, wrk, sleep, stay, have, wear等。(3)表示说话人现在对主语的行为表示赞叹或厌恶等(常与always, cnstantly, cntinually等副词连用)。He is listening t a tape, but he can’t hear it clearly. He is leaving tmrrw t play his first match. We are always finding new beauties in Shakespeare’s petry.
2.过去进行时(was/were ding)(1)表示在过去具体的时间正在发生的动作或者表示过去某个时间段内一直在发生的事情。常同表示过去的时间状语从句以及at that time, at that mment, at this time yesterday, at ten ’clck yesterday等短语连用。(2)过去进行时可以表示过去将来的含义。(3)过去进行时和频度副词连用可以表示说话者或褒义或贬义的感情色彩。We were playing ftball at this time yesterday afternn. Susan had quit her well-paid jb and was wrking as a vlunteer in the neighbrhd when I visited her last year.She was always arguing with him and fighting with him.
3.将来进行时(will/shall be ding)表示将来某一时刻正在进行的动作,或表示要从将来某一时刻开始,并继续下去的动作。常见的标志性的时间状语有this time tmrrw, frm 1:30 p.m. t 4:30 p.m., the day after tmrrw等。I will be discussing the situatin with my clleagues this time tmrrw.
考点3将来时态1.一般将来时(will/shall d)(1)“shall/will+动词原形”表示现在看来以后要发生的动作或存在的状态。“will+动词原形”还可以表示说话时临时做出的决定。(2)“be ging t+动词原形”表示:①现在打算或计划将来要做的事情;②根据某种迹象认为在最近或将来要发生的事情。(3)“be t+动词原形”表示:①预先安排好的计划或约定;②说话人的意志、意图、义务、命令等;③注定要发生的事情。
(4)“be abut t+动词原形”表示正要或即将要做某事,该结构不与表示具体的将来时间状语连用。We shall be punished if we break the rule. My daughter is ging t wrk next year. They are t attempt t be the first t circle the Earth nn-stp by balln.Will yu kindly bey the instructins I am abut t give?
2.过去将来时过去将来时表示在过去某个时间看将要发生的动作或存在的状态,即过去将来时是“立足过去, 着眼未来”的一种时态, 常用于宾语从句中。They said they wuld give the plice their full cperatin. 【拓展】除“shuld/wuld+动词原形”外(第一人称通常用shuld,其他人称通常用wuld),过去将来时还有以下常见表达方式: was/were ging t d, was/were abut t d, was/were t d,但是表示过去的某种习惯性动作时,常用wuld d/used t d。I had a feeling yu were ging t have difficulty ding this.He was abut t ffer an explanatin t the plice.
考点4完成时态1.现在完成时(have/has dne)(1)表示发生在过去而对现在仍有影响的动作,常用的时间状语:already, just, yet, never, befre, lately, recently, in the last/past few years, up t nw, s far等。(2)表示从过去某时开始而延续至今的动作或状态,常与fr, since等引导的表示一段时间的状语连用。(3)在条件、时间、让步状语从句中,表示将来某时间前已完成的动作。(4)This/It is the first/secnd... time+that从句,that从句中谓语动词要用现在完成时。
(5)It(This) is the best(wrst, mst interesting等)+名词+定语从句,从句中的谓语动词用现在完成时。China’s high-speed railways have grwn rapidly in the past few years.(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)My husband, ur children and I have had wnderful camping experiences ver the past ten years.I wn’t pay yu until yu have finished this jb. This is the first time I have left my cuntry and set ft n freign sil.
2.过去完成时(had dne)(1)表示在过去某一时间或某一动作之前完成的动作或存在的状态,即过去的过去。(2)表示从过去某一时间开始,一直延续到过去的另一时间的动作,常用的时间状语:by then, by that time, by the end f, by the time+句子等。(3)表示“愿望,打算”的动词(如hpe, want, expect, think, mean, suppse, plan, intend)用于过去完成时,表示过去本打算实现而未实现的希望或计划。
(4)在“hardly(scarcely)” “n ” 句型中, 主句用过去完成时,从句用一般过去时,意为“一……就……”。By that time, I had already made the decisin t leave.I had hped t send Peter a gift t cngratulate him n his marriage, but I culdn’t manage it.We had n sner had supper than we began t repair the machine.
考点5完成进行时现在完成进行时(have/has been ding)(1)表示从过去某时开始一直持续到现在并且还要继续下去的动作。We have been waiting fr him fr tw hurs. (2)表示到目前为止的一段时间里一直反复进行的动作。(2020·天津高考)—Yu are a great swimmer.—Thanks. It’s because I have been practising a lt these days.
考点6被动语态　　被动语态的构成为“be+过去分词”,只要变换be的形式就可以得到不同时态的被动语态。除be外,被动语态的构成形式还有“get/becme+过去分词”。只有及物动词或相当于及物动词的短语才有被动语态,不及物动词或短语无被动语态。常考的不及物动词或短语:last, cst, spread, happen(t), take place, belng t, break ut, g ut, run ut, wrk ut。
1.被动语态的构成(以d为例)
2.使用被动语态时应注意的几个问题(1)主动变为被动时双宾语的变化。The reprters asked the president sme questins.→The president was asked sme questins by the reprters. →Sme questins were asked the president by the reprters. (2)主动变为被动时,宾语成主语;(作补语的)不定式前需加t(位置不变)。I heard him say gd-bye t his friends.→He was heard t say gd-bye t his friends.
(3)动词短语变被动语态时,勿掉“尾巴”。This dictinary must be taken gd care f. (4)情态动词,be ging t, be t, be sure t等结构变为被动语态时,只需将它们后面的动词原形变为“be+过去分词”。This bk may nt be taken ut f the reading rm. (5)“get+过去分词”构成的表示被动的短语get paid/lst/hurt等。They get paid twice as much as I d, but the jb is exactly the same as mine.N matter hw well yu knw Paris, it is easy t get lst.