08情态动词和虚拟语气(复习卡)-2024年高考英语一轮复习语法能力突破必备(PPT+复习卡+精练题)(通用版) word+ppt

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08情态动词和虚拟语气一、单项选择1. If I hadn't told him that, nothing______ last week.A. would happen B. should happenC. would have happened D. had happened2. It is required that in no case________ our password.A. we should forget B. should we forgetC. shall we forget D. we shall forget3. ——Jack ________ have fought with the policeman.——Yes. If one ________ ask for trouble, it can’t be helped.A. would; will B. must; mayC. should; must D. need; dare4. -I had butterflies in my stomach before I gave that talk.-I__________nervous too if I had been in you shoes.A. was B. would be C. had been D. would have been5. George would certainly have attended the meetings, ________.A. has he not had a flat tyreB. if he hadn’t a flat tyreC. had he not had a flat tyreD. if he hasn’t had a flat tyre6. But for the rescue team’s efforts, more lives ________ in the wreck accident.A. would be claimed B. should have claimedC. would have claimed D. could have been claimed7. You haven’t gone anywhere today. You ________ your bag in the office.A. could have left B. must have leftC. could leave D. must leave8. —Must I go to medical school and be a doctor like you, Dad? —No, you ________, son. You are free to make your decision.A. can’t. B. mustn’t. C. shouldn’t D. needn’t9. —I stood two hours in a queue for the tickets.—That was a waste of time. You________tickets from the machine.A. can have got B. must have gotC. should have got D. will have got10. I wonder what makes TikTok popular among people of all ages. People have devoted most of their energies which ______for other more significant things.A. would be saved B. could have been saved C. must have been saved D. should be saved11. It might have saved me some trouble ______ the schedule.A. did I know B. have I knownC. do I know D. had I known12. —Hello, John. How are you feeling now? I hear you've been ill.—They ________ me with my twin brother Rod. He's been sick all week, but I've never felt better in my life.A. must confuse B. may canC. could have confused D. must have confused13. —What a pity! You missed my birthday party.—Terribly sorry!___________my uncle not visited me unexpectedly.A. Should B. WouldC. Had D. Did14. You _____ read a book in the sun—it'll do harm to your eyes. A. couldn't B. wouldn't C. needn't D. mustn't15. I appreciate your kindness very much, but you________ have bought such an expensive present.A. needn't B. mustn't C. wouldn't D. couldn't16.   It is usually warm in my hometown in March, but it _____ be rather cold sometimes.A. must B. can C. should D. would17. But for your help, I __________ the work on time. I really do not know how I can thank you enough.A. wouldn't finish B. hadn't finishedC. wouldn't have finished D. won't have finished18. Never ______ forget that poem and the inspiration ______ provided for my first novel.A. can I; which B. will I; that C. shall I; it D. must I; what19. He jumped at the opportunity when he saw the advertisement in a newspaper，because barely ________ make ends meet.A. he could B. could heC. he couldn't D. couldn't he20. — It was not the best time to go there.— Yes. I your advice before I made my decision.A. could accept B. should acceptC. ought to accept D. should have accepted21. If there were no cellphones, life ________ quite different because we depend too much on them.A. will be B. would be C. is D. were22. The government required that every effort ____to bring down house prices.A. should make B. would be made C. be made D. must be made23. Which of the following is Wrong?A. But for his help, I wouldn’t have done such a wonderful job in English.B. His house, all the windows of which face south, enjoys great sunshine.C. Not until the result turned out to be so serious that he realized his fault.D. It is at this moment that he made the most important decision in his life.24. Jenny ________ have finished her work. Or she wouldn’t be playing badminton now.A. should B. needn’t C. must D. can’t25. The ground is wet. It ________ have rained last night.A. will B. must C. should D. may26. It is time that the government_____measures to protect the earth.A. takes B. tookC. has taken D. taking27. My key isn’t in my backpack. Where on earth________ I have put it?A. can B. would C. should D. must28. Trucks _____ be parked here, or you will be fined.A. needn’t B. mustn’t C. wouldn’t D. daren’t29. — Could you please have my car ready today?— Sure. The damage is not that serious, so it ______ be ready by 5:00 p.m.A. should B. couldC. might D. need30. —Could I use your telephone?—Yes, of course you ________.A. could B. will C. might D. can31. It’s quite warm here; we __________turn the heating on yet.A. couldn’t B. mustn’t C. needn’t D. wouldn’t32. When if he had any idea what the novel was about, Jack kept silent. He have read it very carefully.A. asking; needn't B. asking; shouldn'tC. asked; can’t D. asked; mustn’t33. Jack____________ his homework, for he is playing football outside.A. couldn’t have finished B. must finishC. must have finished D. might have finished34. You a taxi, for it was only about ten minutes’ walk to the park from the school.A. mightn’t have taken B. mustn’t have taken C. needn’t have taken D. couldn’t have taken35. Without his wartime experiences, Hemingway____ his famous novel A Farewell to Arms.A. didn’t write B. hadn’t writtenC. wouldn’t write D. wouldn’t have written36. —Did you quarrel with your wife?—Yes, but _________it.A. I’d rather not doB. I’d rather not to doC. I’d rather not to have doneD. I’d rather not have done37. According to the rules and regulations, all payments ________ be made in cash in the shopping center.A. shall B. canC. must D. should38. —Your sister _________ almost all her spare time to studying when she was in high school.—That’s right, or she _________ great success in the College Entrance Examination.A. devoted; wouldn’t have achievedB. spent; wouldn’t have achievedC. devoted; hadn’t achievedD. hadn’t spent; couldn’t achieve39. Bob ______ his fortune; otherwise, he ______ from stress to pay back the loan.A. must have made; wouldn’t have sufferedB. couldn’t have made; would have sufferedC. must have made; would have sufferedD. couldn’t have made; wouldn’t suffer40. The old professor insisted that the problem requiring paying attention to .A. was discussed B. would be discussedC. be discussed D. being discussed41. One big reason why immigrants are so welcome in London_____be that Britain’s food is famously not its biggest attraction, so foreign food is very welcome.A. could B. shall C. will D. must42. —Could I have a word with you，mum?—Oh，dear，if you _____. A. can B. must C. may D. should43. It’s necessary that not only ________ to see a doctor but also have a good rest.A. will Boy go B. Bob will goC. should Bob go D. Bob should go44. --- Excuse me, where is the Hilton Hotel?--- Go straight ahead and turn right, You _____miss it. It's a huge building.A. needn't B. can't C. mustn't D. wouldn't45. --------May I take this book out of the reading room? ------No,you_________. You read it in here.A. mightn’t B. won’t C. need’t D. mustn’t46. No one ________ be compared with Yao Ming in playing basketball.A. can B. need C. must D. might47. The people trapped in the ruins ____________ that rescue teams ____________ here without delay.A. desire; are sent B. desiring; were sentC. desire; be sent D. desiring; be sent48. -–Mary knows the city quite well.--She______ well have been there before.A. need B. could C. should D. may49. The patient insisted that he _______ ill and _______ to the hospital.A. wasn’t, wasn’t sent B. wasn’t, shouldn’t be sentC. shouldn’t be, wasn’t sent D. shouldn’t be, shouldn’t be sent50. —Did you enjoy your trip?—Yes. If we hadn’t taken your advice, we ________ our stay in London so much.A. wouldn’t have enjoyed B. hadn’t enjoyedC. wouldn’t enjoy D. didn’t enjoy51. Bob looks so happy. He ________ a contract with the famous basketball club.A. should sign B. should have signed C. must have signed D. must sign52. —Tony _______ what I did annoying though he didn’t say anything.—So you think you will have to make an apology?A. could find B. should have foundC. might find D. must have found53. Some people who don’t like to talk much are not necessarily shy；they ______ just be quiet people.A. must B. may C. should D. would54. If only I ________ a solid foundation in senior one! I wouldn’t be struggling in English now.A. lay B. laidC. had laid D. were to lay55. A left-luggage office is a place where bags ________ be left for a short time, especially at a railway station.A. should B. can C. must D. will56. Volunteering is pleasant and there is so much more I could do if I ________ the time.A. had had B. had C. would have D. could have had57. 一Julia，you look upset. What's up？…The computer break down at this busy hour. I have lots of typing to do. A. should B. canC. may D. must58. What would you do if the war against COVID-19 again in China?A. is broken out B. will break out C. were to break out D. would break out59. Even a small personal computer store vast amounts of information.A. might B. canC. ought to D. has to60. —Lisa, what do you think of the job of being a nurse?—In my opinion, it ________ be difficult sometimes though it seems easy.A. should B. can C. must D. need二、完成句子61. 英语老师坚持要我们在课堂内外都讲英语。Our English teacher insists that we______________ ______________ ______________in and out of class.62. 药水是否涂在适当的位置对其效果的发挥是有影响的。Whether the liquid medicine is applied _________  _________ or not can _________  _________  _________ in exerting its effect.63. 这不是你的错，你不需要承担责任。It’s not your fault. You needn’t ________.64. 做早操会对我们的健康很有利。（“of+名词”结构）Doing morning exercises will_____________________________.65. 谈及广告，我们都必须运用自己的智慧，而不要做广告的奴隶。_______advertisements, we must all use our intelligence and not_______.66. 安德森重申了推迟会议的要求。Anderson repeated his request__________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________.67. 卓别林在人们沮丧的时候带去欢笑，使他们对生活多了一些满足。Charlie Chaplin made people laugh when they felt depressed，so they could _____________more_____________ _____________ their lives.68. 他的导师建议他报名参加高级英语的课程。His adviser recommended he ___________ advanced English.69. 她要求他归还向她借的书。（一句多译）（1）________________ he borrowed from her. (that引导的从句)（2）________________ he borrowed from her. (不定式)70. They should not __________________________what they will do next.他们不应该不让我们知道他们下一步要做什么。71. Look at the trouble we're in.If only we _______________ our teacher's advice!看看我们所处的困境，要是我们接受老师的建议就好了！72. We cannot just_________________six months later.（根据汉语意思完成句子)我们不能在六个月后就把钱花光。73. Things in colour can often ________________________ easily.彩色的东西常能容易地吸引孩子们的注意。74. 假若有必要，我会去的。 ________  ________  ________  ________, I would go.75. 如果你能等一下，我看看我能做些什么。(使用委婉语，表示客气的请求)________ your turn, I’ll see what I can do.76. 以前你本应该多进行锻炼的。You ________ more exercise before.77. 老师建议我们报名参加这个专门为新生开设的课程。Our teacher recommends that____________the course ____________freshmen.78. They then tried boiling fresh wormwood, and using the liquid obtained from this to treat malaria, but this did not work either. Their project got stuck._____________之后他们尝试水煎新鲜青蒿叶，用熬出的液体治疗疟疾，但是依旧无效。他们的项目陷入了僵局。然而，屠呦呦并不认输。79. 我们不能再等下去了，否则会赶不上飞机的。We can't___________ any longer, or we`ll miss the plane.(afford)80. You ________ ________ ________ here five minutes ago.你五分钟前就该到这里了。81. 你别担心我，我能照顾自己。Don’t worry about me, I __________ take care of myself. 82. 我想建议你在上学的时候就参加这个考试。I’d like to suggest you_____________when you are still at school.83. He ______________________ the driving test this time, but he suddenly fell ill during the test. (pass)他本来能够通过驾驶考试的，但是考试时他突然生病了。84. 如果您能给我这个绝好的机会，我将不胜感激。I’d ______ it if you could offer me the golden opportunity.85. 你的情报可能有助于查明他的死因。Your information may ________ ________ ________ the cause of his death.86. 在高中, 你应该多思考、学习和探索。At senior high you should think, study and ______  ______ .87. 如果你能帮他一个忙，你的邻居会很感激的。Your neighbour would appreciate it if you could ________ ________ ________ ________.88. 学生们仍然不懂他所说的，他可能没有把他的话表达清楚。The students still can’t understand what he said. He ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________. (get)89. Embarrassed and ashamed, I can’t ________ ________ anything.感到尴尬和羞愧，我无法集中精神在任何事情上。90. 汤姆，你太懒惰了，这项工作本来应该昨天就做完的。（情态动词+have done）Tom, you are too lazy. ______________________________ yesterday.三、用单词的适当形式完成短文1阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。Have you ever wondered where Lego(乐高积木)came from? Like many great inventions,the story is not just one of a great idea, 113 one of a ton of hard work and perseverance（毅力）.The story started in Denmark. Ole Christiansen was a carpenter 114 was struggling with his small business. His wife died 115 (short) after his fourth son was born. He had to work hard to support his family alone. He started making wood toys,but they didn't sell well. He decided his toys needed a name,and he chose 116 name"Lego".Unfortunately, several years later, his workshop 117 (burn) to the ground. Soon,he started to make a few plastic toys. He got the idea to create a “system" of toys that would build up kids' 118 (imagine) and creativity. He decided to stop 119 (make) wood toys and focus only on the connected plastic toys. Then he started to build more and more kinds of 120 (model). Each one had to be of the 121 (high) quality, which can be reflected in Lego's motto —“Only the best is good enough. ”Thanks to their perseverance, kids can enjoy Lego toys, movies, amusement parks and clothing. But none of this would have existed at that time if they 122 (give up) when times got hard.2What does it take to graduate from a university? Many 123 say all you have to do is take classes and pass the exams. Well, it requires more than it if you’re a student at Tsinghua University.Starting this September, freshmen at the university will have to take swimming courses. If they fail a swimming test at the beginning of their university course, they won’t receive their degree 124 they can pass the test successfully, according to an announcement by Tsinghua University president Qiu Yong.Exceptions 125 (allow) for students with certain physical or mental conditions, if proved by medical staff.Liu Bo, head of the Division of Sports Science and Physical Education, explained 126 the university is linking swimming ability with degrees.“As a requisite(必要的) survival skill, swimming is beneficial for students in the long run, since swimming is helpful in improving students’ endurance and is 127 (harmful) to joints(关节) and muscles as a water sport,” he told China Daily.Viewing the ability 128 (swim) as a must for students is not something new to this university - it was also a requirement in the early 20th century.It was later dropped 129 a rising number of students and a lack of facilities. Besides Tsinghua University, Peking University and Xiamen University have also listed swimming as a compulsory course for students.However, the announcement has caused a heated debate.Some welcomed the new rule, saying it’s a necessary skill that can save lives. “Swimming is a fundamental(基本的) skill. It’s a way to stay healthy and is lifesaving in emergency situations. I believe making 130 mandatory(强制的) is necessary,” Yuan Jiaxiang, a junior in Tsinghua’s Department of Civil Engineering, told China Daily.However, some said it has nothing to do with getting a degree. “It’s not reasonable to require people to be able to swim for them to graduate,” Zheng Xiaoyu, a high school student from the Middle School Affiliated to Northern Jiaotong University, told China Daily. “For a lot of people who grew up in inland cities, learning how to swim as an adult will be difficult.”In fact, Chinese universities are not the only education organizations 131 encourage their students to swim. A few colleges in the United States - including Cornell, Columbia and MIT - offer swim classes to students. “Anything 132 (prevent) people from dying needlessly is a valuable skill,” Fred DeBruyn, director of aquatics(水上运动) at Cornell, told The New York Times.参考答案一、1. C【解析】本题解析略。2. B【解析】考查虚拟语气及倒装。It is required that后跟从句用虚拟语气（should do ）结构，in no case意为“绝不”，否定词放在句首使用部分倒装。句意：这要求我们在任何情况下都不能忘记密码。故选B。3. C【解析】考查情态动词。句意：——难以置信，杰克竟然与警察打了一架。——是的。如果一个人非要找麻烦，实在没法子。A.would; will将会(will的过去式),(表示愿意)愿；B. must; may硬要,或许；C. should; must竟然,硬要；D. need; dare需要，敢。根据句意可知，杰克竟然与警察打了一架，第一句中用should表示“竟然”；第二句话表示如果一个人非要找麻烦，实在没法子，must表示“硬要，非要”。故选C。4. D【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：——我在演讲前心里一直忐忑不安。——如果当时我是你的话，我也会很紧张的。根据后文had been可知此处表示对过去的虚拟，从句用 had been，主句用 would have done sth，故选D。5. C【解析】试题分析：句意：要不是乔治的车胎坏了，他肯定会参加这个会议。表示对过去情况的假设，主句动词形式为would(should, could, might)+have+过去分词，条件句为过去完成式，if可以省略但要把had提前主语前面，故选C。考点：考查虚拟语气6. D【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：要不是团队的努力，更多人的就会在这次失事事故中丧生。分析句子可知，句子为过去时态，更多人本会在失事事故中丧生，与过去事实相反，用情态动词could​+have done结构表示，又因为lives与claim之间存在逻辑是的动宾关系，用被动语态，所以填could have been claimed。故选D项。7. B【解析】考查情态动词+have done。句意：你今天哪儿也没去。你一定是把包落在办公室了。由“You haven’t gone anywhere today”可知，空格处所在句子表示“你一定已经把包落在办公室了”，空格处是对过去的肯定推测，用must have done，因此空格处是must have left。故选B。8. D【解析】考查情态动词。句意：——爸爸，我必须上医学院当像你一样的医生吗？——不，不用。你可以自由地去做你自己的决定。A. can’t 不可能，B. mustn’t不许，C. shouldn’t 不应该，D. needn’t 不必要。情态动词must的一般疑问句的回答，否定要用needn’t表示“不必要；不需要；不用”。故选D。9. C【解析】考查情态动词+have done用法。句意：——为了这些票我排了两个小时的队。——那是浪费时间。你本来应该在售票机那儿得到票的。should have done表示"本来应该做却没有做"，故选C。10. B【解析】考查情态动词用法。句意：我想知道是什么让TikTok在所有年龄段的人当中都很受欢迎。人们把大部分精力都花在了本来可以用来做其他更重要的事情上。本题考查could + have done结构，表示过去本来有能力、有可能、有打算、有选择做某事的，但实际上却没有那样做，通常译为“本来可以”，“本来能够”，根据句意分析，主语energy与谓语动词save构成被动意义，故答案为could have been saved，所以选B。11. D【解析】考查虚拟倒装句。句意：如果我早知道日程安排，可能会省去我一些麻烦。根据题干中might have saved可知主句是对过去的虚拟，从句应用if I had known与主句保持一致。if虚拟条件句中含有had时，可将if省去，同时将had提前构成倒装结构。故选D项。12. D【解析】考查情态动词+have done用法。句意：——嘿，约翰。你现在感觉怎么样？我听说你病了。——他们一定是把我和我的孪生兄弟罗德搞混了。他病了一周了，但我这辈子从没感觉这么好过。A. must confuse必须混淆；B. may can可能可以；C. could have confused可能会混淆；D. must have confused一定是搞混了，对过去的肯定猜测。根据语境可知此处表示对过去的肯定猜测，应用must have done形式。故选D。13. C【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：——真可惜！你错过了我的生日聚会。——非常抱歉！要是我叔叔没有突然来看我，（我就不会错过你的生日聚会了）。根据语境该句补充完整为：_____ my uncle not visited unexpectedly, I wouldn’t have missed your birthday party. 该句表示对过去事情的虚拟，条件句部分应用had done形式。在虚拟条件句中，从句中有助动词had时，可将if省略，had提前，故C选项正确。14. D【解析】考查情态动词词义辨析。句意：你千万不能在阳光下看书，这对你的眼睛有伤害。根据句意可知，此处意为“禁止，千万不能做某事”，应用mustn't。A. couldn't不能；B.wouldn't不会；C. needn't不必，不需要。D.mustn't禁止，一定不要。故选D。15. A【解析】考查情态动词+have done。句意：我非常感谢你的好意，但你不必买这么昂贵的礼物。A.  needn't have done本不必做；B. mustn't have done肯定没做；C. wouldn't have done不会做；D. couldn't have done本来做不成的。根据前后文语境，表示“本不必买这么昂贵的礼物”应用needn't have done。故选A。16. B【解析】考查情态动词用法。句意：通常在我的故乡三月份是很温暖的，但是有时候也有可能相当冷。A. must一定，必定；B. can可能；C. should应该；D. would会。结合句意可知是表示存在某种可能性，所以an正确。故选B。17. C【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：要不是你的帮助，我就不会按时完成这项工作了。我真不知道该怎么感谢你才好。此处But for“要不是”，相当于if引导的虚拟语气，与过去的事实相反，所以主语部分应该是would/might/could+have done结构。故选C。18. C【解析】考查情态动词和定语从句。句意：我永远不会忘记那首诗和它为我的第一部小说提供的灵感。Can表示能够；will 表示将要；shall 用于第一人称，则表示决心；must 必须，故第一个空用shall。inspiration后面是定语从句，关系代词省略，定语从句还缺少主语the poem，用it特指前面的that poem，故选C。19. B【解析】考查倒装句。句意：因为勉强维持生计，当他在报纸上看到这则广告时，他抓住了这个机会。当否定副词barely位于句首时，句子要进行部分倒装，需要将助动词、情态动词或系动词be等置于主语前，排除A项和C项。结合句意，barely为否定副词，句中缺乏肯定意。故选B项。20. D【解析】考查情态动词表推测。句意：——那不是去那里的最佳时机。——是的。我应该在做决定之前接受你的建议。根据句意可知，句子表示的是“本该在做决定之前接受你的建议，但实际没有”，应用“should have done”，意为“过去本该做某事，而实际上没做”，“could”意为“可以”，“should”意为“应该”，“ought to”意为“应该”，均不符合语境。故选D项。21. B【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果没有手机，生活将会有很大不同，因为我们现在太依赖它了。分析句子结构可知，If引导条件状语从句，谓语动词were使用了一般过去式，故本句为虚拟语气。根据if引导条件状语从句表示与现在事实相反的假设，主句谓语动词应用would/should/might/could+动词原形。故选B项。22. C【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：政府紧急督促要尽一切努力降低房价。此处require后宾语从句用should+动词原形形式，should被省略；宾语从句还是make every effort to do sth被动形式。故选C。23. C【解析】考查倒装句。A项考查虚拟语气。but for his help是含蓄条件句，表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，主句用would have done，故A项正确；B项是定语从句。which指代house，从句中作介词of的宾语，指物，用关系代词which，故B项正确；D项是强调句型，去掉it is…that，句子at this moment he made the most important decision in his life.是完整的句子，故D项正确。C项Not until the result turned out to be so serious置句首，主句用倒装句，that改为助动词did，故C项错误。故选C。24. C【解析】考查情态动词辨析。句意：珍妮一定完成了她的工作。不然她现在就不会打羽毛球了。A. should应该；B. needn’t不必；C. must一定，肯定，表示有把握的推测；D. can’t不可能。根据下一句“Or she wouldn’t be playing badminton now.”可知，珍妮现在正在打羽毛球，所以她一定是完成了工作，此处表示有把握的推测，用must。故选C项。25. B【解析】考查情态动词用法。句意：地面是湿的。昨晚一定下雨了。根据“The ground is wet.”可知，此处是指对于过去的肯定猜测，所以应用must have done表示。故选B。26. B【解析】本题解析略。27. A【解析】考查情态动词+have done用法。句意：我的钥匙不在我的背包里。我到底可能将它放在哪里了？根据所给句子及选项可知，此处是“情态动词+have done”，can have done通常用于否定句及疑问句，用于疑问句时，表示怀疑和推测；would have done表示对过去事情的假设，意思是“本来会做”；should have done表示“过去应该做谋事却没有做”；must have done表示对过去的推测，意思是“一定已经，想必已经，准是已经”,只用于肯定句中。根据语境可知，此处表示对过去行为的怀疑和推测，应用can have done。故选A。28. B【解析】考查情态动词。句意：卡车不能停在这里，否则你会被罚款的。A. needn’t不必；B. mustn’t禁止；C. wouldn’t不会；D. daren’t不敢。根据后文“be parked here, or you will be fined”指禁止停车，应用mustn’t。故选B。29. A【解析】A 考察情态动词。句义：我的车今天能够修好吗？当然，损失并不严重。在下午5点之前应该能够修好。根据语境可知，空格处表示的是推测。A项表示应该之意，语气较强。故A正确。30. D【解析】考查情态动词。句意：——我能用一下你的电话吗？——当然可以。A. could可以，能；B. will将要；C. might或许；D. can可以，能。此处一般疑问句“Could I...?”表示委婉的请求，不表示过去，肯定回答应用can，而不用could，故选D项。31. C【解析】考查情态动词。句意：今天很暖和，我们不需要开暖气。couldn’t不能；mustn’t禁止；needn’t不必；wouldn’t不会。根据上文“这里相当暖和”可以推知下文应该是：我们没必要开暖气。故选C。32. C【解析】考查状语从句的省略和情态动词+have done。句意：当被问及是否知道这本小说的内容时，杰克答沉默不语。他不可能看得非常仔细。第一个空是when引导的时间状语从句的省略，完整形式为：when he was asked，省略了he was；第二空，杰克答不上来表明他肯定没有认真看书，用can't have done表示“不可能做过某事”，故选C。33. C【解析】考查情态动词。句意：杰克一定是做完他的作业了，因为他在外面踢足球。A. couldn’t have finished不可能已经完成；B. must finish必须完成；C. must have finished一定已经完成了；D. might have finished可能已经完成了。由“he is playing football outside”可知，杰克是肯定已经做完作业了，空格处用must have finished，表示过去一定已经做完了某事，是对过去的肯定推测，故选C。34. C【解析】考查语境及情态动词。mightn’t have taken本来可以不做某事而做了；B. mustn’t have taken没有这个用法，是错误的；C. needn’t have taken本不必做而做了；D. couldn’t have taken本不能做而做了。句意：你本不必坐出租车，因为步行到公园只需10分钟。根据“for it was only about ten minutes’ walk to the park from the school.”，可知距离很近，所以不必要坐出租车，C项符合题意，故选A。35. D【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：没有他战时的经验，海明威就不可能写出著名的小说《永别了武器》。根据without his wartime experience没有战时的经历，可知表示与过去相反的虚拟语气，否定式用wouldn't have done，因此选D项。36. D【解析】考查情景交际和虚拟语气。“你和妻子吵架了？”“是的，但是我宁愿没有吵过。”对现在虚拟，用过去式；对将来虚拟，用过去将来时；根据did可知，是对过去的虚拟，用would rather have done。故选D。37. A【解析】答案：A　考查情态动词。句意为：根据规定，购物中心的所有款项都应以现金支付。情态动词shall用于第三人称时，表示“法律和条文等的规定”。故答案选A。38. A【解析】考查时态和虚拟语气。句意：——你姐姐在高中时几乎把所有的业余时间都用来学习了。——是的，否则她就不会在高考中取得巨大的成功。第一空考查固定搭配devote some time to sth./doing sth. (致力于某事/做某事)，用一般过去时表过去发生的事；第二空的关键词是or (否则，要不然)，表示的是一个含蓄的条件句，相当于If she hadn’t devoted almost all her spare time to studying when she was in high school.，这是一个与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，后面的主句要使用“should/could/might/would + have done”。故选A。39. C【解析】考查情态动词和虚拟语气。句意：鲍勃一定发了财，否则，他会承受偿还贷款的压力。otherwise前是对过去事情的推测，must + have + done表示对已发生事情的肯定推测，意为一定做过某事，一定已经做过某事，想必已经做过某事，该结构只用于肯定的陈述句中。otherwise 意为否则，要不然，根据其后的句意，是不真实的，句子要用虚拟语气，且是与过去的事实相反的虚拟语气，要用should/would/might/could+ have done，故选C。40. C【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：老教授坚持要讨论那个需要注意的问题。insist表示“坚持要求”时，其后的宾语从句要用should do的虚拟语气，其中should可以省略，其discuss与主语problem是被动关系，故C项正确。【点睛】在表示建议、坚持、要求、命令等词后的宾语从句中，要用should do的虚拟语气，本题中，requiring paying attention to作后置定语修饰the problem，所以to后不用动名词作宾语。41. A【解析】试题分析：考查情态动词用法。情态动词could能够；shall将要；会；will将要；must必须，一定；句意：移民在伦敦受欢迎的一个重要原因可能是因为英国的食物并不吸引人，所以我们欢迎外国的食物来到英国。本句中情态动词could表示推测，这种推测的语气并不是很强烈。故A正确。42. B【解析】考查情态动词。句意：---妈妈，我能和你说句话吗？---哦，宝贝，如果你偏要说的话。A. can能够；B. must偏偏，一定，非要；C. may可以；D. should应该。故选B。43. C【解析】考查倒装句。句意：不仅Bob应该去看医生而且也应该好好休息，这是很必要的。当not only…but also…连接两个分句时，以not only开头的句子要用部分倒装，又因为it is necessary后的that从句一般要用should +动词原形，故选C。44. B【解析】试题分析： 考查情态动词。A. needn't没有必要；B. can't 不能；C. mustn't 禁止；D. wouldn't 将不要。句意：对不起，希尔顿酒店在哪？直走到顶右拐。你会看到，很明显的一个建筑。根据语境可知选B项。考点 : 考查情态动词45. D【解析】　D解析　考查情态动词。根据答语的第二句话可知“不能把书拿出阅览室”，表禁止，故选D项。46. A【解析】考查情态动词词义辨析。句意：打篮球，没有人能够和姚明相比较。A. can能；可以； B. need需要； C. must必须；  D. might或许。根据句意，此处表示没有人能够和姚明相比。故选A。47. C【解析】考查主谓一致和虚拟语气。句意：被困在废墟中的人们希望立即派救援队到这里来。第一空主语为people，时态为一般现在时，故谓语动词用原形desire；第二空desire(要求)后接 that 从句时，其谓语通常用“(should)＋动词原形”这样的虚拟语气形式，should可以省略，且team与send构成被动关系，故第二空应填be sent。故选C。48. D【解析】考查情态动词辨析。句意：——Mary非常了解这个城市。——她肯定以前在那里呆过。may have done过去可能做过某事。表示对过去的肯定猜测。need have done本需要做某事却没做；could have done本可以做某事却没做；should have done本应该做某事却没做。故选D。49. B【解析】考查宾语从句和虚拟语气。句意：病人坚持说他没有病，他不应该被送往医院。第一空insist表示“坚持”时，它后面的从句不用虚拟，因为主句用的是过去时，所以从句也用过去式wasn’t；第二空insist表示“坚持要求”讲时，它后面的从句应该用虚拟语气，谓语动词用should+动词原形，should可以省略，又因为patient与send之间是被动关系，故应填shouldn’t  be sent，故选B。50. A【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：——你旅行愉快吗？——是的。如果我们不听你的劝告，我们在伦敦的逗留不会这么愉快。此处表示对过去事实的虚拟，if引导的条件句使用过去完成时，主句使用would/could/might/should have done。故选A。51. C【解析】考查情态动词+have done结构。句意：鲍勃看起来非常开心。他肯定和那家著名的篮球俱乐部签订了合同。结合语境可知，“他和俱乐部签订合同”发生在过去，故此处是对过去情况的肯定推测，应用must have done。故选C。52. D【解析】考查情态动词+have done。句意：—Tony一定觉得我做的事很烦人，尽管他什么也没说。—所以你认为你得道歉吗?。由“what I did”可知，此处是对过去事情有把握的推测，must have done“一定是做某事了”。故选D项。53. B【解析】考查情态动词的用法。句意：有些不喜欢多说话的人不一定是害羞，他们可能只是安静的人。A. must一定；B. may也许；C. should应该；D. would将。前半句not necessarily未必，不一定，可知，这里表示可能性，所以用may。故选B。54. C【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：我要是在高一打下坚实的基础就好了！我现在就不会在英语上挣扎了。if only“要是……就好了”，用于表示与事实相反的愿望，其后所虚拟语气的时态，表示与过去事实相反的愿望用过去完成时，故选C。55. B【解析】查情态动词的用法。句意：行李寄存处就是一个书包可以暂时存放的地方，尤其是在火车站。A. should应该；B. can能够；C. must必须；D. will意愿。根据句意及常识可知，此处指人们可以把包存放在也可以不存放，不做强调要求。故选B。56. B【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：做志愿者是很愉快的，如果我有时间，我能做得更多。根据there is so much more I could do可知本句是与现在事实相反的假设，从句应用“If+主语+动词的过去式（be动词用were）。故选B项。57. A【解析】A。意思是“电脑应该是出故障了”58. C【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果中国再次爆发抗新冠肺炎战争，你会怎么做？此句是与将来事实相反的虚拟语气，主句中用would+动词原形，if从句中用were to+动词原形，break out“爆发，发生”没有被动语态。故选C。59. B【解析】考查情态动词。句意：即使是一台小型个人电脑也能储存大量的信息。A. might可能；B. can能，会；C. ought to应该；D. has to不得不。此处表示一种能力，故答案为B。60. B【解析】试题分析：A. should应该；B. can可能；C. must必须；D. need需要。句意：——Lisa，你认为当一名护士怎么样？——以我来看，尽管看似容易但有时可能是很难的。此处表示推测，故选B。二、61. should speak English【解析】考查虚拟语气。insist作“坚持要求”时后面的宾语从句要用虚拟语气，谓语动词用should+do，should可以省略；“说英语”表达为动词短语speak English，所以设空处填should speak English。故答案为①should②speak③English。62. in place make a difference【解析】考查介词短语和动词短语。in place“在适当位置”为固定短语。make a difference“有影响”为固定短语。它们都符合汉语提示。故填(1). in     (2). place    (3). make    (4). a    (5). difference 。63. shoulder responsibilities【解析】考查动词短语。表示“承担责任”可用动词短语shoulder responsibilities，动词原形shoulder“承担”和前文needn’t构成复合谓语，可数名词responsibility“责任”可用零冠词复数表泛指。故填shoulder responsibilities。64. be of great benefit to our health【解析】此处考查"be+of+名词"结构，该结构在句中可以作后置定语、表语和宾语补足语，相当于名词对应的形容词。分析句子结构可知，will后填动词原型，be of benefit相当于be beneficial，表示“对……有益”，后加宾语时用介词to，综上，be of great benefit to our health。65. When it comes to be a slave to them【解析】考查固定句式、固定短语、时态和代词。第一空：固定句式“当谈到……，当提及……”是 when it comes to；在时间状语从句中，如果主句是含有情态动词的一般现在时，从句多用一般现在时；因此表达为When it comes to；第二空：短语“做/成为……的奴隶”be a slave to ；此处“不要做广告的奴隶”和前面的“use our intelligence”是并列成分；前面有情态动词must，后接动词原形；“广告”前面出现的是复数形式advertisements，为避免重复，此处用代词them指代；因此表达为be a slave to them。故填(1) When it comes to (2) be a slave to them。66. that the meeting should be put off【解析】考查同位语从句、被动语态和虚拟语气。分析句子可知，“推迟会议的”可处理为名词request的同位语从句，用连词that引导，“会议”作主语，用the meeting表示，“推迟”是谓语动词，用put off表示，与主语之间是被动关系，应用被动语态be put off，又因request后同位语从句中应使用虚拟语气，谓语动词用“(should)+动词原形”，所以同位语从句中谓语动词可用should be put off。故填①that；②the；③meeting；④should；⑤be；⑥put；⑦off。67. feel/be satisfied/content with【解析】考查形容词定语。短语be/feel content/satisfied with意为“对…感到满意”在句中充当谓语，其宾语是名词短语their lives。所以句中要填be/feel satisfied/content with。68. (should) sign up for【解析】考查虚拟语气和短语。表示“报名参加”应用短语sign up for，recommend后面加宾语从句时，从句需要用虚拟语气，即should+动词原形，should可以省略，故填(should) sign up for。69. She demanded that he (should)return the books She demanded of him to return the books【解析】考查宾语从句中的虚拟语气和固定短语。根据句意和第一句的翻译要求可知，第一句在demand后面使用that引导的宾语从句，从句谓语动词使用“should+do”的形式，should可以省略。“归还书”可翻译为return the books，主句的谓语动词使用一般过去时，因此第一句翻译为：She demanded that he (should) return the books.；根据句意和第二句的翻译要求可知，使用固定短语“demand of sb to do”，主句的谓语动词使用一般过去时，因此第二句翻译为：She demanded of him to return the books.故填① She demanded that he (should)return the books②She demanded of him to return the books。70. leave us wondering【解析】考查非谓语动词。根据中英文提示可知，此处考查短语leave sb. doing sth.“让某人保持某种动作”，其中doing是sb.的补语，表主动和一直保持动作，故填leave us wondering。71. had taken【解析】考查虚拟语气。观察所给中英文提示可知，If only句型在本句中表示对于过去已经发生的事情相反的假设，此处用had done结构。take one's advice意思为：采纳某人的建议，固定搭配。故填：had taken。72. run out of money【解析】考查动词短语。情态动词后用动词原形，run out of 是用光的意思，结合汉语提示可知run out of money符合题意，故填run out of money。73. absorb children’s attention【解析】考查动词短语。根据提示可知本句考查短语absorb one’s attention“吸引某人注意力”，主语things是复数形式，时态为一般现在时，用动词原形，故填absorb children’s attention。74. Should it be necessary【解析】考查虚拟语气。结合语境和主句中的would go推知，此处为与将来事实相反的虚拟条件状语从句，从句部分可用should加动词原形，省略if时，将should提前，“有必要”为it be necessary，故填Should；it；be；necessary。75. If you could wait【解析】考查情态动词用法。根据中文提示可知，表示“如果你能等一下”应用句子If you could wait，其中could表示委婉礼貌地请求别人做事。故填If you could wait。76. ought to have taken /should have taken【解析】考查虚拟语气。should have done可表示“本应该做而实际上没有做”，其中should可与ought to进行替换。故填ought to have taken 或should have taken。77. we should sign up for for【解析】考查虚拟语气、短语和介词。recommend后接宾语从句，从句用虚拟语气，报名参加为“sign up for”，为了“for”。故填①we should sign up for；②for。78. However, Tu Youyou would not acknowledge defeat.【解析】考查副词，情态动词和动词。对比中英文句子可知，空格处意为“然而，屠呦呦并不认输”，“然而”是however，“屠呦呦”是Tu Youyou，情态动词would表示过去的意愿，“并不”是would not，其后跟动词原形，“认输”是acknowledge defeat，位于句首的单词however首字母要大写，因此空格处是However, Tu Youyou would not acknowledge defeat，故填However, Tu Youyou would not acknowledge defeat.79. afford to wait【解析】考查动词及短语。根据句意及句子结构可知，此处应表示“等下去”。根据空前can’t可知，其后应接动词原形。根据提示，应使用动词短语afford to do sth.，故填afford to wait。80. should have been【解析】考查should have done结构。固定结构：should have done表示“本应该做而没有做”；此处表达的意思是“五分钟前就该到这里，而实际上没到”。故答案为should have been。81. can【解析】考查情态动词。结合句意表示“能”应用can，表示能力，后跟动词原形。故填can。82. take the test【解析】考查固定搭配和虚拟语气。根据中文句意可知，空处意为参加这个考试。suggest “建议”后接宾语从句，从句用虚拟语气。故填take the test。83. could have passed【解析】考查固定结构。表示“本来能做成的（却没做成）”应用could have done，通过是动词pass。故填could have passed。84. appreciate【解析】考查动词。对比中英文句意可知，空处需表示“感激”之意，appreciate感激，动词，符合题意；情态动词would后需接动词原形。故填appreciate。85. throw light on【解析】考查动词短语。空处表示“有助于”，使用动词短语throw light on，意为“使了解，提供信息”，空前may为情态动词，后接动词原形。故填①throw②light③on。86. explore more【解析】考查动词和副词比较级。根据汉语提示，此空应填意为“探索”explore，且think, study and explore 三个动词应由副词“much”的比较级“more”（更多地）修饰放在句末。故填(1). explore    (2). more。87. do him a favour【解析】考查固定短语。空处表示“帮他一个忙”，用动词短语do sb a favour，空前为情态动词could，空处动词用原形，故填①do②him③a④favour。88. may not have got himself across【解析】考查情态动词+have done及短语。根据汉语，空白处的内容为“可能没有把他的话表达清楚”。表示“可能没有做某事”用may not have done；表示“使某人表达清楚”用短语get oneself across；结合句意，故填①may②not③have④got⑤himsel⑥across。89. concentrate on【解析】考查动词短语。空处表示“集中精神于”，使用动词短语concentrate on，can’t后接动词原形。故填①concentrate②on。90. You should have finished the work【解析】考查固定结构。此处主语为you；表示“本应该做而没有做”应用should have done，表示“完成工作”短语为finish the work。故填You should have finished the work。三、1113. but 114. who/that 115. shortly 116. the 117. was burned(burnt) 118. imagination 119. making 120. models 121. highest 122. had given up【解析】这是一篇记叙文。记叙了丹麦的一个木匠奥尔·克里斯琴森创造乐高玩具的经过。113. 考查连词。句意: 像许多伟大的发明一样，这个故事不仅仅是一个伟大的想法，而是大量的努力和毅力的结晶。短语not…but…“不是……而是……”，故填but。114. 考查定语从句连接词。句意：奥尔·克里斯琴森是个木匠，他的小生意做得很艰难。本句为定语从句修饰先行词carpenter，且先行词在从句中做主语，指人，故填who/that。115. 考查副词。句意：他的妻子在他的第四个儿子出生后不久就去世了。短语shortly after表示“不久之后；很快”应填副词shortly。116. 考查冠词。句意：他觉得他的玩具需要一个名字，于是他选择了“乐高”这个名字。name为可数名词，此处特指下文"Lego"这个名字，故用定冠词the。117. 考查动词时态语态。句意：不幸的是，几年后，他的工作室被夷为平地。根据上文several years later可知为描述过去发生的事情用一般过去时，且主语workshop与谓语动词构成被动关系，故填was burned(burnt)。118. 考查名词。句意：他的想法是创造一个玩具“系统”，可以培养孩子的想象力和创造力。根据下文并列结构and creativity可知应填名词imagination。119. 考查固定搭配。句意：他决定停止制作木制玩具，只专注于连接塑料玩具。短语stop doing sth.“停止正在做的事”后跟-ing形式，故填making。120. 考查名词的数。句意：然后他开始建立越来越多的模型。model为可数名词，且根据上文more and more kinds of可知应填名词的复数形式models。121. 考查形容词最高级。句意：每一个都必须是最高质量的，这可以体现在乐高的格言“只有最好的才足够好”。根据句意以及上文the可知应填形容词最高级highest。122. 考查虚拟语气。句意：但如果他们在困难时期放弃了，这一切在当时都不会存在。在if引导的虚拟语气中，表示与过去事实相反的情况。其句型为“ if + 主语 + 动词的过去完成式，主语 +would / could / should / might + have + 动词的过去分词”。故填had given up。2123. may/might 124. until 125. will be allowed 126. why 127. less harmful 128. to swim 129. due to/because of/owing to 130. it 131. that 132. preventing【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍游泳成功之道。123. 考查情态动词。句意：许多人可能会说，你所要做的就是上课并通过考试。此处指不是很确定，故填may/might。124. 考查not---until引导的时间状语从句。句意：据清华大学校长邱勇宣布，如果他们在大学课程开始时的游泳考试中不及格，那么他们只有通过考试才能获得学位。按照句义，他们将得不到他们的学位除非能成功通过考试，所以这里是not...until...“直到------才”引导的时间状语从句。故填until。125. 考查一般将来时态的被动语态。句意：有一定身体或精神状况的学生，经医务人员证明，可以例外。首先确定本句没有谓语，应该是谓语动词，然后是例外会被允许，最后确定if条件状语从句中的主将从现，所以用一般将来时态的被动语态。故填will be allowed。126. 考查宾语从句。句意：体育科学与教育部部长刘波解释了为什么学校将游泳能力与学位联系起来。解释之后应该是解释为什么，所以是why引导的宾语从句。故填why。127. 考查形容词比较级。句意：游泳作为一项必不可少的生存技能，从长远来看对学生是有益的，因为作为一项水上运动，游泳有助于提高学生的耐力，对关节和肌肉的伤害较小。这里在讲游泳的好处，所以应是harmful 的降级比较级less harmful to joints and musles，故填less harmful。128. 考查动词不定式做后置定语。句意：将游泳能力视为学生必须具备的能力，这对这所大学来说并不新鲜——在20世纪初，这也是一种要求。固定搭配：the ability to do sth, 做某事的能力。故填to swim。129. 考查固定短语。句意：后来，由于学生人数的增加和设施的缺乏，这个项目被取消了。这件事情后来被放下了，由于......原因，所以填due to/because of/owing to。130. 考查代词it。句意：我认为强制执行是必要的。这里是it作making的宾语，把这件事变为强制的是很必要的，it代指游泳。故填it。131. 考查定语从句。句意：事实上，中国的大学并不是唯一鼓励学生游泳的教育机构。此处organizations是先行词，指物，后面的定语从句缺主语和引导词，理论上应该用that/which引导定语从句,但是前面有the only修饰先行词,所以只能填that。132. 考查现在分词作后置定语。句意：任何防止人们无谓死亡的方法都是一种宝贵的技能。句子中已经有谓语动词is，所以这里应是非谓语动词，“任何阻止人们死亡的事情”是主动，所以用现在分词作后置定语。故填doing。