高中英语牛津译林版 (2020)必修 第二册Unit 2 Be sporty,be healthy学案

这是一份高中英语牛津译林版 (2020)必修 第二册Unit 2 Be sporty,be healthy学案，共11页。
1．cngratulate vt.祝贺，恭喜 → cngratulatin n．祝贺，恭喜；贺辞；恭贺
2．tend vi.往往会；趋向 vt.照看→ tendency n．倾向，趋势
3．energy n．能，能量；精力；能源→ energetic adj.精力充沛的；积极的
4．injure vt.&vi.伤害，损伤→injury n．伤害，损伤
5．equip vt.装备，配备→ equipment n．设备；配备，装备
1．assume vt.假定，认为；承担(责任)，就(职)；呈现，显露
①Let us assume fr a mment that the plan succeeds.假定
②She wuld，he assumed，be hme at the usual time.认为
③The curt assumed respnsibility fr the girl's welfare.承担
④This matter has assumed very imprtance.呈现
2．tend vi.往往会；趋向 vt.照看
①When I'm tired，I tend t make mistakes.vi.往往会
②Prices have tended dwnwards ver recent years.vi.趋向
③Dctrs and nurses tended the injured.vt.照看
3．average n．平均水平，平均数；一般水准 adj.平均的；普通的，一般的；典型的
①The average price f gds rse by just 2.2%.adj.平均的
②It takes an average f ten weeks fr a huse sale t be cmpleted.n.平均数
③I was just an average srt f student.adj.一般的，普通的
④Frty hurs is a fairly average wrking week fr mst peple.adj.典型的
eq \a\vs4\al(知识要点1) cngratulatin n．祝贺，恭喜；贺辞；恭贺
[例]An ld cuple was celebrating their 20th wedding anniversary. I thught I shuld ffer my cngratulatins t them，s I came up and cngratulated them n their happy marriage. Much t my jy，they accepted my sincere cngratulatins happily.
一对老夫妇正在庆祝他们结婚二十周年纪念日。我想我应该向他们表示祝贺，所以我走上前祝贺他们幸福的婚姻。使我很高兴的是，他们愉快地接受了我诚挚的祝贺。
[知识拓展]
(1)a letter f cngratulatin贺信
Cngratulatins! 祝贺/恭喜！
ffer/express ne's cngratulatins t sb. n sth.
为某事向某人表示祝贺
(2)cngratulate vt. 祝贺
cngratulate sb. n sth. 为某事向某人祝贺
[名师点津]
cngratulatin 常用复数形式，表示祝贺，其后接事时用介词n，接人时用介词t。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①Cngratulate yu n passing (pass) the driving exam.
②I am writing t ffer my cngratulatins(cngratulate) n yur success.
③He has passed the exam and I'll express my cngratulatins t him.
④Cngratulatins t yu n yur winning first prize in the speech cntest.
恭喜你获得演讲比赛一等奖。
[明辨异同] cngratulate，celebrate
eq \a\vs4\al(知识要点2) assume vt.假定，认为；承担(责任)，就(职)；呈现，显露
[例]In art criticism，yu must assume the artist has a secret message hidden within the wrk.
在艺术评论中，你得假设艺术家有一个秘密的信息隐藏在作品中。
[知识拓展]
(1)assume sb. /sth. (t be)＋adj. /n. 假定/认为某人/某事(为)……
It is assumed that... 人们认为……
assuming (that)... 假设……
(2)assumptin n. 假定，假设
n the assumptin that... 假定……
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/ 完成句子
①Assuming/Assume(assume) that there are n ther appraches，what shuld we d?
②They assumed her t be (be) the best female singer f their time.
③Yur argument is based n a cmpletely false assumptin (assume).
④It is assumed that this is the best pssible slutin.
人们认为这可能是最佳的解决办法。
eq \a\vs4\al(知识要点3) tend vi.往往会，趋向 vt.照看
[例]I'm writing t express my sincere thanks t the nurse wh tended (t) my mther in hspital.
我写信向在医院照顾过我母亲的那位护士表示诚挚的谢意。
[知识拓展]
(1)tend t d... 倾向于做……
tend twards sth. 趋于，倾向于
(2)tendency n. 趋势，倾向性
have a tendency t d... 倾向于做……
(3)tend (t) sb. 照料，照管
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/一句多译
①There is an increasing tendency(tend) fr wmen t have children later in life.
②Actually，peple always tend t judge(judge) a persn by his/her appearance initially.
③Julia was tending t her sick mther at hme. That was why she was absent frm wrk.
④当人们处于压力之下时，他们往往会感到焦虑。
→When peple are under pressure，they tend t feel anxius. (tend)
→When peple are under pressure，they have a tendency t feel anxius. (tendency)
eq \a\vs4\al(知识要点4) average n．平均水平，一般水准 adj. 平均的；典型的
[例]There were 90 students getting full marks in the exam，an average f 18 students in each class. Tm's was abve average，while Jhn's was belw average.
有90名学生在考试中获得满分，每班平均18名。汤姆的分数高于平均水平而约翰的低于平均水平。
[知识拓展]
n average 平均起来
abve/belw (the) average 在平均水平以上/以下
up t (the) average 达到平均水平
an average f... 平均有(后跟数词)
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①He is wrking hard，s his grade is abve the average in his class.
②On average，men smke mre cigarettes than wmen.
③The age f the candidates ranged frm 20 t 45 with an average age f 37.
④An average f fur in ten students tend t play with the mbile phne fr a lng time at hme.
平均每十个学生中就有四个倾向于在家里长时间玩手机。
eq \a\vs4\al(知识要点5) make up fr弥补，补偿
[例]As a result，peple will eat mre fd t try t make up fr smething missing.
结果，人们将会吃更多的食物来弥补缺失。
[知识拓展]
make up 构成；占；整理，铺床；化妆；
弥补；和解；编造
be made up f 由……组成
make it 准时到达，获得成功
make up ne's mind t d sth. 下定决心做某事
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①Leave this ntice hanging n yur dr, asking the servant t make up yur rm.
②Yu're brave and curageus. Yu can make it．
③A gd dcumentary shuld be made (make) up f many facts and infrmatin arund ne subject.
④The wrker has made up his mind t make up fr the lst time.
这位工人已经下定决心弥补失去的时间。
eq \a\vs4\al(知识要点6) prevent vt.阻止，阻碍
[例]We recgnized the pssibility and tk steps t prevent it (frm) happening.
我们认识到了这种可能性，并且采取了一些预防措施。
[知识拓展]
(1)prevent... (frm) ding sth. 阻止……做某事
与这种结构相似的有：
stp... frm (ding)... 制止……
keep... frm (ding)... 阻止……
prtect... frm/against (ding)... 保护……免受……伤害
(2)preventin n. 阻止，预防
[名师点津]
短语prevent/stp/prtect... frm...中的frm可以省略，keep... frm... 中的frm不能省略。但在被动结构中，frm均不可省略。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①N ne can prevent this plan frm being carried(carry) ut.
②Preventin(prevent) f a disease is always easier than trying t cure it.
③They were prevented frm ging n hliday by their lack f mney.
④It's high time that we did smething t prevent/stp/keep the envirnment frm being plluted.
到了我们采取措施阻止环境受污染的时候了。
eq \a\vs4\al(知识要点7) equipment n．设备；配备，装备
[例]The curse is designed t equip students fr ging camping，s the bys equipped themselves with fd and water and then set ff. Equipped with sme mdern equipment，the bys headed fr the frest happily.
这门课的目的是让学生们为去露营做好准备，所以男孩们先准备好食物和水，然后出发了。 带着一些现代化的装备，男孩们高兴地向森林进发了。
[知识拓展]
(1)a piece f equipment一件设备
(2)equip vt. 装备；使有能力
equip... with... 用……装备……
be equipped with 配备有……，装备有……
equip sb. fr (ding) sth. 使某人为(做)某事而准备，
使某人具备(做)某事的条件
(3)be well/badly equipped 装备精良的/较差的
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①Yu must try t equip yurself with enugh knwledge.
②Every classrm is equipped(equip) with a cmputer，thrugh which we can lk up the infrmatin n different websites.
③Equipped (equip) with sme tls，the farmers walked int the muntain.
④As we all knw，parents all hpe their children will be better equipped fr their future careers.
众所周知，父母们都希望他们的孩子能为未来的职业生涯做好准备。
eq \a\vs4\al(知识要点8) lack n．缺乏，匮乏，短缺 vt.&vi.没有，缺乏，不足，短缺
[例]Sme experts fear that technlgy can affect family relatinship fr lack f face­t­face cmmunicatin.
一些专家担心，由于缺乏面对面的交流，科技会影响家庭关系。
[知识拓展]
(1)fr lack f 由于缺少……
(2) lacking adj. 缺乏的；缺少的
be lacking in 缺少……
(3)lack (fr) sth. 没有……，缺少……
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/一句多译
①He failed t adapt himself t the hard life fr lack f determinatin and willpwer.
②Thugh he was lacking(lack) in experience，he sn gt a higher pay by wrking hard.
③Despite his lack f experience，Jack made up fr it with great effrts.
④那男孩因为缺钱而辍学了。
→The by drpped ut f schl because he lacked mney. (lack vt.)
→The by drpped ut f schl fr lack f mney. (lack n．)
→The by drpped ut f schl because he was lacking in mney. (lacking)
eq \a\vs4\al(重点句式1) t d... 作后置定语
(教材P17)When yu plan an exercise rutine，the first thing t cnsider is what yu expect t imprve: heart and lung efficiency，muscle strength r flexibility.
制订锻炼计划时，首先要考虑的是你期望在哪些方面有所改善，是心肺功能，肌肉力量还是柔韧性。
句式分析：句中不定式t cnsider作定语，修饰the first thing，与the first thing之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系。被修饰词为序数词、形容词最高级或被序数词、形容词最高级修饰时，常用不定式作后置定语。
[例1]Tu Yuyu is the first Chinese wman t win the Nbel Prize.
屠呦呦是第一个获得诺贝尔奖的中国女性。
[例2]He is amng the best students t d the experiment.
他是做这个实验最好的学生之一。
[知识拓展]
(1)当中心词是序数词、形容词最高级或被序数词、形容词最高级等修饰时或前有the next，the nly，the last等时，常用不定式作后置定语。
(2)英语中常用不定式作后置定语的情况还有：
①被修饰词前有the nly，the very，the next等词时。
②抽象名词time，way，ability，reasn，chance，curage，pprtunity等后常用不定式作定语。
③不定代词smething，nthing，little等后常用不定式作定语。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①If I have any further news，yu will be the first persn t knw (knw).
②The ability t express (express) an idea is as imprtant as the idea itself.
③I had a chance t visit (visit) the Great Wall last mnth.
④It was the first play t win all three f these majr awards.
它是赢得所有这三项大奖的第一部戏剧。
⑤He is always the last ne t cme every day.
他每天总是最后一个来。
⑥The next thing t d is t relax yurself cmpletely.
下一步要做的事情是完全放松你自己。
eq \a\vs4\al(重点句式2) f＋抽象名词
(教材P17)When t eat is als f great imprtance.
何时吃饭也很重要。
句式分析：“f ＋抽象名词＝形容词”可用于说明主语的性质。常见的有use，value，help，imprtance等。
[例1]I regard this as f great imprtance.
我认为这个具有重要意义。
[例2]The wrk I am ding is nt f much value.
我做的工作没有什么价值。
[知识拓展]
(1)为了强调某种抽象的含义，在抽象名词前面可用little，sme，n，great，much等修饰。
(2)f后可接age，clr，size，height，pinin等名词，表示主语的类别特征，名词前一般加不定冠词或the same。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①This inventin is f great value t mankind.
②His speech is f little significance (significant).
③I dn't want t hear what yu are saying. It is f n interest t me.
④They are f great help/very helpful t learners f English.
他们对英语学习者有很大帮助。
⑤The Nbel Prize is f great imprtance/very imprtant t Chinese medicine.
诺贝尔奖对中国医学很重要。
⑥The tw bxes are f a/the same size.
这两个箱子一般大。
1．(教材P16)Sme studies even shw that exercise imprves certain brain functins，meaning yu culd actually exercise yur way t better perfrmance at schl!
[分析] 此句为主从复合句。句中shw后面的that引导宾语从句，其中meaning yu culd actually exercise yur way t better perfrmance at schl为动词­ing形式短语作状语， 而且meaning后也是省略了连词that的宾语从句。
[译文] 一些研究甚至表明锻炼会改善大脑的某些功能，这意味着你确实可以通过锻炼来提高学业成绩！
2．(教材P17)When yu plan an exercise rutine，the first thing t cnsider is what yu expect t imprve: heart and lung efficiency，muscle strength r flexibility.
[分析] 此句为主从复合句。其中，when引导时间状语从句；what引导表语从句。
[译文] 制订锻炼计划时，首先要考虑的是你期望在哪些方面有所改善，是心肺功能，肌肉力量还是柔韧性。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．It is assumed (assume) that stress is caused by t much wrk.
2．The club als ffers its cngratulatins (cngratulatin) t Dr.Brwn n her appintment as president.
3．There is a tendency (tend) fr this disease t run in families.
4．Keeping a prper balance between study and rest keeps us energetic (energy).
5．Try stretching (stretch) yur legs and pulling yur tes upwards.
6．We dn't find anything f value in yur infrmatin.
7．We shuld try ur best t make up fr ur lss.
8．She felt nervus，lacking (lack) in cnfidence abut herself.
9．She has had a number f different jbs，ranging(range) frm chef t swimming instructr.
10．The situatin in that cuntry shuld be prevented(prevent) frm becming wrse.
Ⅱ.短语填空
d wnders; stick with; n average; make up fr; ver the lng term; t start with; in general; abve all; keep up; play a rle in
1．English plays a rle in the internatinal cmmunicatin.
2．The sleeping time fr Senir 3 students is abut six hurs r s per day n average．
3．Wrk harder t make up fr the time wasted in the past.
4．Eight glasses f water per day can d wnders．
5．If the tl wrks well，then stick with it.
6．But anyway，we shuld make effrts t start with．
7．Never waste anything，and abve all never waste time.
8．If they were psitive，cngratulate yurself and keep up the gd wrk.
9．Over the lng term，this plicy will benefit the cmmn peple.
10．I think we need t imprve ur educatinal system in general．
Ⅲ.课文语法填空
Regular exercise 1.des(d) wnders fr peple's physical and mental health.It can increase the 2.efficiency(efficient) f yur heart and lungs.It tends 3.t imprve(imprve) yur immune ，it helps yu reduce stress and negative feelings.When planning an exercise rutine，it is wise f yu t cnsider first 5.what yu'd like t imprve，such as heart and lung efficiency，muscle strength r flexibility.Then chse activities yu enjy and stick with them.Hwever，that's nt enugh.Yu shuld eat right and prevent 6.injury(injure).Eat fds 7.cntaining(cntain) carbhydrates t keep up yur energy.Eat fds rich in prtein t help t recver and repair yur muscles.But dn't eat 8.immediately(immediate) after exercise.Yu shuld drink thrughut exercise t make up 9.fr water lst t sweat.Last but nt least，10.wearing(wear) prper clthes and equipment is necessary fr exercise.Yu shuld als start small and slwly frm yur regular exercise rutine.cngratulate
意为“祝贺”，是用语言表达祝贺之意，其宾语是人；若要表明所祝贺的事情，后面用介词n连接，即cngratulate sb. n sth. 。
celebrate
意为“庆祝，庆贺”，指举行盛大、隆重的仪式来庆祝或纪念有意义的日子或事件。常用表示节日、胜利、成功等的名词作宾语。
教材
高考
1.It has als been prven that active peple tend t have better immune systems and are at lwer risk f diseases.
(2021·全国乙卷)Even sccer fans tend t have a seat each; gne are the days f thusands standing t watch the match.
2.In general，yu shuld have yur meal an average f 1.5 t 2.5 hurs befre exercising.
(2021·浙江6月卷)Tday's children spend an average f fur and a half hurs a day lking at screens, split between watching televisin and using the Internet.
3.T prevent sft tissue injury，make sure that yu wear prper clthes and equipment when exercising.
(2021·浙江1月卷)At first I gt jammed just abve my eyes and then, as I went n with my task, unwilling t quit, my nse briefly prevented entry.