英语选择性必修 第三册Unit 6 Nature in words导学案及答案

这是一份英语选择性必修 第三册Unit 6 Nature in words导学案及答案，共29页。

1．ban smking in all ffices 在办公场所全面禁烟
2．three dzen red rses 三打红玫瑰
3．very thrugh and cnscientius勤勤恳恳，一丝不苟
4．a mre precise definitin更确切的定义
5．the launch f the green mvement 绿色运动的发起
6．build a reputatin树立声誉
7．a ring with a diamnd钻石戒指
1．puzzle v．使困惑→ puzzled adj．困惑的，无法理解的→puzzling adj．令人困惑的
2．knw v．知道→knwing adj．会意的→ knwingly adv．故意地
3．elegant adj．优美的；文雅的→elegance n．优美；简洁
4．passin n．激情；酷爱→passinate adj．具有强烈信念的
1．wake up t认识到；意识到；醒来发现
2．alert 使……意识/认识到
3．urge d敦促……做……
4．by prfessin 就职业来说
5．cause harm t 对……造成伤害
6．be determined t d决心做……
7．stand by坚持；遵守；支持；袖手旁观
8．target fr ……的目标
9．attempt t 努力；尝试
1．[句型公式] 形容词短语作状语
Many peple spke f them，puzzled and disturbed．
许多人谈论着，茫然困惑、惴惴不安。
2．[句型公式] thugh引导的倒装让步状语从句
This is nt s much because f the quality f her arguments，strng thugh they are，but because f the beauty and elegance f her writing．
这并不都是因为她书中高质量的论点是多么强有力，而是因为她美丽和高雅的文笔让读者喜欢。
①stillness n．[U]静止，安静
②speak f提起
③puzzled adj．困惑的，无法理解的
④feeding statins饲养站
⑤backyard n．[C]后院
⑥desert vt．舍弃，离弃(某地方)；抛弃(某人)n．[C，U]沙漠
[形近词]dessert n．[U，C](饭后)甜点，甜食
⑦mribund adj．垂死的，奄奄一息的
⑧tremble vi．颤抖，发抖
⑨vilently adv．强烈地；猛烈地
⑩thrb vi．生机勃勃；热闹
⑪chrus n．[C]合唱曲
⑫scres f很多，大量
scre n．[C]20个，约20个
⑬marsh n．[C，U]沼泽，湿地
⑭by prfessin就职业来说
⑮fable n．[C，U]寓言，寓言故事
⑯aim t d sth．＝aim at ding sth．力争做某事
be aimed at...针对……，对象是……；旨在……
⑰alert vt．提醒，使(某人)意识到
alert sb．t sth．使某人意识到某事
⑱the scientific cmmunity科学界
⑲the general public普通百姓，公众
⑳knwingly adv．故意地
knwing adj．会意的，心照不宣的，知情的
㉑cause harm t...对……造成伤害
㉒mnitr [熟词生义]vt．监视，检查，跟踪调查
㉓urge sb．t d sth．敦促某人做某事
㉔detail [熟词生义]vt．详细说明，详述
㉕dzens f许多，很多
dzen n．一打；许多
㉖thrugh adj．仔细的；缜密的
thrughly adv．彻底地，完全地
㉗precise adj．精确的；一丝不苟的
precisely adv．精确地；准确地
㉘alarming adj．使人惊恐的，令人惊慌的
㉙envirnmental awareness环境意识
㉚far-reaching adj．影响深远的，广泛的
㉛milestne n．[C]重要事件，重要阶段，转折点，里程碑
㉜launch [熟词生义]n．[usually sing．]推出，发起
㉝psthumus adj．死后获得的
㉞receive [熟词生义]vt．对……作出反应(通常用于被动语态)
㉟psitively [熟词生义]adv．绝对地；真正地
㊱strng [熟词生义]adj．难以辩驳的，确凿的
㊲becme a target fr...成为……的攻击对象
㊳a marine bilgist海洋生物学家
marine adj．海洋的
marine life海洋生物
㊴reputatin n．[C，U]名誉，名声
㊵stand by sth．坚持某事
stand by sb．支持/帮助/忠于某人
㊶defend ne's claims捍卫某人的主张
㊷ring [熟词生义]vi．反复响起，不断回荡
㊸difficult-t-understand adj．难理解的
㊹elegance n．[U]优美；简洁
elegant adj．优美的，文雅的；精美的；简洁的
㊺deserve t be dne＝deserve ding值得做……
㊻passinate adj．具有强烈信念的
㊼wake up t意识到，认识到
Silent Spring
There was a strange stillness①．The birds，fr example—where had they gne？Many peple spke f②them，[1]puzzled③and disturbed．The feeding statins④in the backyards⑤were deserted⑥．The few birds [2]seen anywhere were mribund⑦；they trembled⑧vilently⑨and culd nt fly．It was a spring withut vices．On the mrnings [3]that had nce thrbbed⑩with the dawn chrus⑪f rbins，catbirds，dves，jays，wrens，and scres f⑫ther bird vices there was nw n sund；nly silence lay ver the fields and wds and marsh⑬．
[1]形容词短语作状语，表示主语的状态。
[2]过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰birds。
[3]关系词that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词mrnings。
Rachel Carsn was a scientist by prfessin⑭，but these lines frm the pening chapter f her 1962 bk Silent Spring，“A Fable⑮fr Tmrrw”，shw her talent as a writer．[4]By imagining a wrld withut birds，she aimed t⑯alert⑰nt nly the scientific cmmunity⑱but als the general public⑲t the damaging effects f human activity n natural ecsystems—in particular，t the harmful use f pesticides，such as DDT．She believed that the chemical industry was knwingly⑳causing harm t㉑plants，animals and even humans，and wished t [5]see pesticides used in a mre respnsible，limited and carefully mnitred㉒ way．
[4]该句是较长的简单句。by 是方式状语；nt als...连接并列的宾语。
[5]“see＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构，过去分词短语used 作宾语补足语；过去分词mnitred作定语修饰way。
Carsn urged peple t㉓make themselves aware f the facts and d smething abut the situatin．Silent Spring cntains a lt f scientific research and case studies．The bk details㉔the gypsy mth eradicatin prgramme，which killed birds，in additin t gypsy mths．Anther case study was the fire-ant prgramme that killed cws，but nt fire ants．The bk als gives dzens f㉕ther examples f eradicatin prgrammes that did nthing t reduce the prblems they were riginally designed t slve．The 50 r s pages at the end f the bk list Carsn's surces，[6]shwing hw thrugh㉖and precise㉗she was as a scientist．
[6]动词-ing形式短语作状语，其中hw 为hw引导的宾语从句。
Carsn's message was very alarming㉘，[7]causing a great increase in envirnmental awareness㉙．Its impact was immediate and far-reaching㉚：the use f DDT was banned and the Envirnmental Prtectin Agency (EPA) was established in the US．Silent Spring was therefre regarded as a milestne㉛in the launch㉜f the green mvement in the Western wrld．It als earned Carsn a psthumus㉝Presidential Medal f Freedm and put her face n the 17-cent US stamp．
[7]动词-ing形式短语作结果状语。
Silent Spring was nt，hwever，received㉞psitively㉟by everyne．[8]Thugh Carsn's research was strng㊱and was supprted by mst scientists wh reviewed her wrk，the bk quickly became a target fr㊲critics in the pesticide industry．They said that Carsn did nt understand the science behind her arguments because she was a marine bilgist㊳rather than a chemist．Sme als said that her wrk was mre emtinal than scientific．These were attempts t damage Carsn's reputatin㊴and stp her wrk frm influencing public plicy，but she remained determined t stand by㊵her research．Carsn appeared in public and n televisin t defend her claims㊶—and tday，[9]mre than 50 years after it was published，the vice f Silent Spring is still ringing㊷[10]lud and clear．
[8]thugh引导的让步状语从句，从句中又包含一个wh引导的定语从句。
[9]此处为插入语，修饰tday。
[10]此处意为“掷地有声，深远绵长”。
Persnally，I enjy Carsn's bk．She [11]made a crucial but ptentially difficult-t-understand㊸subject interesting and accessible t millins f peple．This is nt s much because f the quality f her arguments，[12]strng thugh they are，but because f the beauty and elegance ㊹f her writing．Her bk nt nly changed the wrld；half a century later it remains a bk that deserves t be reread㊺tday，[13]s that we can nce again feel urselves warm t the fire f its passinate㊻message．[14]Fr unless we d listen t Rachel Carsn's warning，ne day we may wake up t㊼the strange and quiet hrrr f anther silent spring．
[11]“make＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构，此处为形容词短语作宾语补足语。
[12]thugh引导的让步状语从句，此处使用了部分倒装语序。
[13]s that引导的结果状语从句。
[14]此处fr作并列连词，表示因果关系；unless引导条件状语从句，从句中谓语用“d＋动词原形”的形式表示强调。
寂静的春天
“一片古怪的寂静笼罩着这里。小鸟都飞到哪里去了？许多人谈论着，茫然困惑、惴惴不安。后院的饲养站已经被遗弃，为数不多的几只鸟也奄奄一息；它们浑身打战，无法飞翔。这是一个寂静的春天。原本喧闹的清晨，再也没有了知更鸟、北美猫鸟、鸽子、松鸦、鹪鹩的奏鸣曲以及其他小鸟的鸣叫声；只留下一片寂静，笼罩在田野、树林和沼泽的上空。”
蕾切尔·卡森本是一位科学家，但是1962 年，她在《寂静的春天》一书的开篇章节“明天的寓言”中的这段描写，展现了她作为作家的天赋。通过想象一个没有鸟类的世界，她想要警告科学界，提醒公众，人类活动已经对自然生态系统造成了破坏性的后果，尤其是使用DDT之类的杀虫剂给自然界带来了严重的危害。她认为化学工业正在明目张胆地对动植物，甚至对人类本身造成伤害，她希望人们在使用杀虫剂时能够更加负责、节制，并且严加监管。
卡森敦促人们认清事实，并且为此做出努力。《寂静的春天》中含有大量的科学研究和真实案例。在灭除舞毒蛾项目这一案例中，她细致讲述了人们在消灭舞毒蛾的同时，也杀死了鸟类；另一个案例则是在开展消灭火蚁计划时，人们杀死的是奶牛，而非火蚁。书中还讲了几十个其他灭除计划的案例，都未能像预期那样解决问题。这本书最后的五十几页列出了卡森的资料来源，显示出她作为一名科学家的周密和严谨。
卡森所述的事实让人们十分担忧，大大提升了人们保护环境的意识。这本书的效果立竿见影，并且影响深远：DDT被禁用，环境保护署也在美国成立。《寂静的春天》因此被视为西方发起绿色运动的里程碑，这使作者在去世后获得了“总统自由勋章”的荣誉，美国17美分的邮票上也印上了她的头像。
但并不是所有人都支持《寂静的春天》。虽然卡森的研究很有说服力，而且得到多数审阅过这本书的科学家的支持，但是这本书很快成了杀虫剂行业批判的对象。他们说卡森并不理解她论证背后的科学原理，因为她是一位海洋生物学家，而非化学家。还有一些人说她的作品过于情感化，科学性并不强。他们想要通过破坏卡森的名声来削减她的作品对公共政策的影响，但卡森仍然坚持自己的研究，在公众面前、在电视节目中捍卫自己的观点。时至今日，《寂静的春天》已经出版五十多年了，但它的影响力依旧深远绵长。
而我个人也十分喜欢卡森的书。她把一个至关重要但十分复杂的问题用简单有趣的方式传达给了数百万人。这并不都是因为她书中高质量的论点是多么强有力，而是因为她美丽和高雅的文笔让读者喜欢。她的书不仅在当时改变了世界，就是在半个世纪后的今天，它仍然值得人们重新阅读，以感受她充满感情的文字带给我们如火焰般的温暖。因为如果我们不听从卡森的劝告，可能有一天在我们醒来之后，真的会面对一个古怪而又相当恐怖的寂静的春天。
1．What's mainly talked abut in the text?
A．Praising the silent spring．
B．Hw t write a beautiful essay．
C．The use f DDT is prhibited．
D．Reminding peple t prtect the envirnment．
[答案] D
2．Read the text quickly and fill in the blanks．
Read the text carefully and then chse the best answer．
1．Why did many peple get puzzled and disturbed?
A．Because they didn't speak f birds again．
B．Because the feeding statins were destryed．
C．Because birds' vices were unusual．
D．Because mst birds were gne．
2．What des Rachel Carsn think f the use f pesticides?
A．The use f pesticides shuld be ttally banned．
B．The use f pesticides des little harm t human．
C．Pesticides shuld be used in a mre reasnable way．
D．Pesticides shuld be widely used in plants and animals．
3．What caused a great increase in the awareness f prtecting the envirnment?
A．Carsn's scientific research．
B．The fire-ant prgram．
C．The green mvement．
D．Sme gypsy mths．
4．What is the authr's attitude t Carsn's bk?
A．Critical． B．Indifferent．
C．Supprtive． D．Unfavurable．
[答案] 1～4 DCAC
1．ban v．禁止，取缔 n．禁令
(1)ban sb．frm (ding) sth．禁止某人(做)某事
(2)a ban n对……的禁令
lift/remve a ban (n)解除(对……的)禁令
impse/put/place a ban (n)颁布(对……的)禁令
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①After decades f effrt，the city is still trying t figure ut hw t ban smking (smke) in public places．
②I am writing t aplgize fr the damage I had indirectly caused and t ask yu t recnsider my lifetime ban frm the htel．
③Certain chemicals have been banned (ban) because f their damaging effects n the envirnment．
④在这个国家，18岁以下的人禁止吸烟，吸烟是公认有害的。
In this cuntry，there is a ban n smking under the age f 18，which is acknwledged t be harmful．
[温馨提示]
ban作动词时，其过去式和过去分词均为banned；作名词时，为可数名词。
2．alert 使……意识/认识到
(1)alert v． 提醒，使(某人)意识到
(2)alert n．警戒，戒备；警惕
n the alert fr密切注意……；提防……
(3)alert adj．警觉的，警惕的，戒备的
be alert t sth．意识/注意到某事
(4)alertly adv．警惕地，警觉地
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/词汇升级/完成句子
①He had phned the nearby villagers，alerting them t the pssibility f frest fires．
②The signal alerted castal residents t prepare (prepare) fr the hurricane．
③The public were warned t be watching carefully fr suspicius packages．
→The public were warned t be n the alert fr suspicius packages．
④举行海报宣传活动以提醒人们注意这种疾病。
A pster campaign was held t alert peple t the disease．
3．urge sb．t d sth．敦促某人做某事
(1)urge v． 敦促；催促
urge that sb．(shuld) d sth．敦促某人(应该)做某事
(2)urge n．强烈的欲望；冲动
the urge t d sth．做某事的强烈欲望/迫切要求
(3)urgency n．紧急
(4)urgent adj．紧急的，迫切的
in urgent need f迫切需要
It is urgent that ...(从句谓语用“shuld＋动词原形”，shuld可以省略) ……是迫切的
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①Because f all this extra time，there was n sense f urgency (urgent) t d my schlwrk immediately．
②We need brad supprt as we urge Cngress t increase (increase) farmland cnservatin．
③我们必须强烈要求由各个工厂选出来代表。
We must urge that delegates (shuld) be elected frm each factry．
④人们迫切需要政府和专家采取措施解决这些问题。
It is urgent that gvernment and experts (shuld) take measures t slve these prblems．
4．wake up t 认识到；意识到；大彻大悟；醒来发现
(1)wake up 醒来；活跃起来
wake sb．up唤醒/弄醒某人；使活跃；使
清醒
(2)awake adj． 醒着的
v． 觉醒，意识到；使醒来；激发起
stay awake保持清醒；不睡觉
[即学即练] 完成句子
①人们应该认识到残疾人也同样享有投票权。
Peple shuld wake up t the fact that peple with disabilities have gt a vte as well．
②有一天，他们会醒悟过来，发现他们一直知道的关于窗户的一切都是谎言。
One day they'll wake up and discver that everything they've always knwn abut windws is a lie．
③他告诉我如果他睡着的话就叫醒他。
He tld me t wake him up if he was sleeping．
5．stand by 坚持，遵守；支持；袖手旁观
(1)stand fr 代表；象征；主张；容忍
stand ut突出；显眼；杰出
(2)can't stand (sb．/sth．) ding sth．
不能忍受(某人/某物)做某事
[即学即练] 写出黑体短语的含义/完成句子
①The decisin has been made and I have gt t stand by it．坚持
②Hw can yu stand by and see him accused f smething he didn't d？
袖手旁观
③We're always standing fr a peaceful settlement f the brder dispute．
主张
④She stands ut in the crwd，fr she is tw meters in height．显眼
⑤我不能忍受和简在一个办公室工作，工作的时候她老是喋喋不休。
I can't stand wrking with Jane in the same ffice．She just refuses t stp talking while she wrks．
[温馨提示]
stand意为“忍受”时等同于put up with，常与can，culd连用，用于否定句和疑问句，其后常接名词、代词或动词-ing形式，不能用于进行时态。
6．launch n．推出，发起；(航天器)的发射 v．发起，发动，发射
launch int sth．/launch yurself int sth．
开始做，投身于
launch ut 开始从事，着手
[即学即练] 一词多义/单句语法填空/完成句子
①The launch f the space shuttle was delayed fr 24 hurs because f bad weather．n．发射
②The plice have launched an investigatin int the case．v．发起
③It's time that I launched ut n my wn business．
④本系统于1999年开发，现已投入业务运行20多年了。
This system，develped in 1999，has already launched int the peratin wrk fr mre than 20 years．
7．reputatin n．名誉，名望，名声
(1)have a reputatin fr 以……著称
(2)earn/win a reputatin 赢得声誉
establish a reputatin 确立声誉
build a reputatin 树立声誉
(3)damage/ruin ne's reputatin
损害/毁坏某人的名声
live up t ne's reputatin 名副其实
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①The cmpany has a wrldwide reputatin fr quality f design．
②He established a reputatin as an entertaining speaker．
③She has earned/wn a gd reputatin fr (因……赢得好声誉) her cntributin t medicine．
④He really lives up t his reputatin (名副其实) as a “walking dictinary”．
⑤The dctr is skilled at treating heart truble and never accepts any gift frm his patients，s he has a very gd reputatin (有很好的名声)．
重点句式1 形容词短语作状语
(教材P90)Many peple spke f them，puzzled and disturbed．
许多人谈论着，茫然困惑、惴惴不安。
[句式分析] 句中puzzled and disturbed为形容词短语作状语。
Excited and verjyed，the children rushed t the frnt．
孩子们跑到了前面，既激动又欣喜。
形容词(短语)作状语的用法如下：
(1)结构：可以是单个形容词，也可以是形容词短语，一般要用逗号将其和句子的其他部分分开。
(2)位置：通常位于句子主语前或句子主语后，有时位于句末。
(3)作用：一般用于说明主语的状态，可表示原因、结果、伴随状况等。
[即学即练] 完成句子/句型转换
①小偷躲在角落里，担心被抓住。
The thief hid himself in the crner，afraid f being caught．
②我们气喘吁吁地登上山顶，并欣赏了美丽的景色。
Tired and breathless，we reached the tp f the muntain and enjyed the beautiful views．
③Because I was amazed at hw skillful they were，I determined t be just as gd．
→Amazed at hw skillful they were，I determined t be just as gd．(形容词短语作状语)
④Because he was wrried abut making a bad impressin n the custmer，he sped up his car n the way t get there in time．
→Wrried abut making a bad impressin n the custmer，he sped up his car n the way t get there in time．(形容词短语作状语)
重点句式2 thugh引导的倒装让步状语从句
(教材P92)This is nt s much because f the quality f her arguments，strng thugh they are，but because f the beauty and elegance f her writing．
这并不都是因为她书中高质量的论点是多么强有力，而是因为她美丽和高雅的文笔让读者喜欢。
[句式分析] 句中strng thugh they are为thugh引导的倒装让步状语从句。
Much tired thugh he was，he still wrked late int the night．
虽然他很累，但他仍然工作到深夜。
其用法如下：
(1)名词/形容词＋thugh＋主语＋系动词：把系表结构中的“表语”(而非be动词)提到从属连词thugh之前(而非主语之前)。
(2)副词＋thugh＋主语＋动词：把修饰谓语动词的某个“副词”提到从属连词thugh之前。
(3)动词原形＋宾语/状语＋thugh＋主语＋助动词/情态动词：跟真正倒装句(部分倒装)的要求恰恰相反，把实义动词提到连词之前，而把情态动词放在后面。
(4)动词-ing形式短语＋thugh＋主语＋be动词：把进行时或被动语态情况下的分词短语提到从属连词thugh之前。
[即学即练] 用倒装句完成句子/翻译句子
①虽然他努力尝试了，但还是没能举起那块石头。
Hard thugh he tried，he culdn't lift the stne．
②尽管他尝试了，但还是不能自己解决这个问题。
Try thugh he might，he culdn't slve the prblem himself．
③尽管雪下得很大，但我还是要去上班。
Snwing heavily thugh it is，I have t leave fr wrk．
④虽然正下着大雨，但我还是要出去散步。
Raining hard thugh it is，I'm ging ut fr a walk．
Ⅰ．单词拼写
1．If yu are passinate (具有强烈信念的) abut smething，pursue it n matter what anyne else thinks．That's hw dreams are achieved．
2．The cuntry successfully launched (发射)104 satellites in a single space missin t explre the space．
3．He earned himself a reputatin (名誉) f a bkwrm because he was crazy abut reading．
4．Nicle lves wearing her diamnds (钻石)，even with jeans and a white T-shirt．
5．Tm sang the verses and everybdy jined in chrus (合唱曲)．
6．He bught three dzen (一打) bttles f wine．
7．We were just talking abut her when，at that precise (精确的) mment，she walked in．
8．He was banned (禁止) frm driving fr six mnths．
9．It was her natural elegance (优美) that struck me，and I fell in lve with her at first sight．
10．Up t nw the plice has carried ut a thrugh (缜密的) investigatin．
Ⅱ．选词填空
cause harm t；target fr；stand by；；attempt t
1．Yu'd better alert them t the necessity f bserving rules，r they will be severely punished．
2．Dctrs always tell us that drinking t much causes harm t ur health，but sme peple dn't care．
3．N matter what yu say，I will stand by the decisin I have made befre．
4．Higher degrees in English are a target fr freign students．
5．She made a few half-hearted attempts t jin in their cnversatin．
Ⅲ．课文语法填空
Silent Spring by Rachel Carsn was published in 1962．Carsn wrte the bk 1．aiming (aim) t alert peple t the damaging effects f human activity 2．n natural ecsystems．And she wished t see pesticides 3．used (use) in a mre respnsible，limited and carefully mnitred way．The bk cntained a lt f scientific research，examples and s n，4．which shwed hw thrugh and precise she was as a scientist．The arguments were strng and the writing was 5．elegant (elegance) and influential．Hwever，the bk was nt received psitively by everyne．It quickly became a target fr critics in the pesticide industry，wh said that Carsn's research was nt precise．Carsn appeared in public and n televisin 6．t defend (defend) her claims．
Carsn's message was very alarming and 7．its (it) influence was immediate and far-reaching．The use f DDT 8．was banned (ban) and the EPA was established in the US．The bk was cnsidered as 9．a milestne in the launch f the green mvement in the Western wrld．It earned Carsn a Presidential Medal f Freedm after she passed away．
The bk changed the wrld by increasing peple's 10．awareness (aware) f prtecting natural ecsystems．
课时分层作业(十七)
Ⅰ．单句语法填空
1．Bb Christiansen became puzzled(puzzle) abut smething that，ddly，had nt trubled anyne befre: he culdn't find the park's vlcan．
2．Steve mved t the pian and sat at the bench，hands trembling(tremble) as he gently placed his fingers n the keys．
3．She went t the bkstre and bught dzens(dzen) f bks．
4．The dctr urged me t have(have) an X-ray test，and then，he culd make a cnclusin．
5．It is said that the new mdel will be launched (launch) in July．
6．The cmpany has been targeted fr its use f dgs in drugs trials．
7．It's nt clear precisely (precise) hw the accident happened．
8．We all knw that chemical weapns are banned (ban) internatinally．
9．I hld the belief that ne filled with knwledge always behaves with elegance (elegant)．
10．Knwledge passed dwn frm ne persn t anther must be thrughly (thrugh) recrded．
Ⅱ．阅读理解
Blue whales，the earth's largest animals，call t thers f their kind，thugh exactly what these cries cmmunicate remains a mystery．But these sunds have begun evlving (逐渐演变)．Since at least the 1960s，the pitch (音高) f Antarctic blue whales has dwnshifted．Scientists have theries as t why: all invlving humans．
The deepening f their sunds is nt unique．Many blue whales arund the wrld have als drpped their pitch．In the study last year that analyzed mre than 1 millin individual recrdings f whale calls，pitch shifts were fund acrss the species，and amng ppulatins (种群) that dn't necessarily interact with ne anther．This is t say，whatever has caused the change desn't seem t have a specific gegraphic rigin．
The underwater nises caused by cean traffic and at sea industries might seem likely criminals．Hwever，scientists have identified lwered pitch even acrss ppulatins f whales that live in seas withut majr shipping rutes．
One pssible explanatin fr the change is the achievements f glbal cnservatin effrts．As their ppulatins grw，the whales may have decreased their vlume because they are mre likely t be cmmunicating ver shrt distances．
Last year's study f whale calls als suggests a threatening reasn fr the drp in pitch，hwever．Perhaps whales dn't need t be s lud because sund waves travel farther in ceans made acidic by the absrptin f carbn dixide．
Carbn dixide in the atmsphere，meanwhile，may als indirectly influence whale vices in ther ways．A recent study shws that，during the summer，the whales must use their tp vlume t make themselves heard in the cracking ice — a natural sund increased by unnatural prcesses，as rising temperatures wrsen ice-melt．S the impacts f a warming planet may mdulate animal sunds even in remte places．
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了蓝鲸的声调降低的几个原因，这些原因都涉及人类。
1．T what extent des whales' pitch drp?
A．Acrss the species．
B．In the Antarctic Ocean．
C．Amng sme ppulatins．
D．Within ne millin individual recrdings．
A [细节理解题。根据第二段中的“In the study last year 't necessarily interact with ne anther．”可知，去年一项分析了超过一百万条鲸鱼叫声录音的研究发现，声调变化现象不仅存在于同物种之间，而且还存在于那些互不交流的种群之间。]
2．What causes the evlving f whales' pitch accrding t the passage?
A．Less cmmunicatin and mre threat．
B．Prtectin effrts and acidic sea water．
C．Sharp decrease f whales' ppulatins．
D．Underwater nises by ships and industries．
B [细节理解题。根据第四段中的“One pssible explanatin cnservatin effrts．”以及第五段中的“Perhaps whales dn't need the absrptin f carbn dixide．”可知，全球保护行动以及酸性海水是鲸鱼声调变化的两个可能的原因。]
3．What des the underlined wrd “mdulate” in the last paragraph mean?
A．Prduce． B．Damage．
C．Balance． D．Change．
D [词义猜测题。文章主要讲述了鲸鱼叫声音调改变的几个原因。最后一段讲了全球变暖导致冰川融化，这同样也是动物声调变化的原因。由此可推断，mdulate是“改变”的意思。]
4．What can we infer frm the passage?
A．Man is the sul f nature．
B．Man and nature are in ne．
C．Nature pardns n mistakes．
D．Nature has the final say ver man．
B [推理判断题。文章讲述了鲸鱼叫声音调改变的几个原因，而所有的原因均与人类有关，不管是人类的保护行动，还是人类活动导致的全球变暖对动物均有影响。因此人类和自然并非是相互独立的，而是相互依存的。]
Ⅲ．完形填空
Befre ur rund-the-wrld trip we always thught that in Peru visiting Machu Picchu wuld be ur mst amazing experience．
Althugh Machu Picchu is simply indescribable，it 1 ut that a ttally imprvised (即兴的) adventure gave us a much strnger 2 ．When we were staying at a Cuchsurfer's place in Cusc，we 3 him whether it wuld be 4 t visit a real Quechua village．
He said we culd 5 ，althugh we wuld have t find it ut urselves since these Quechua 6 live quite far in the Andes． 7 ，there's n public transprt t get there．In the end，we gt very lucky．While 8 fr transprt，we fund ut that the lcal dctr and ther scial wrkers were ging t 9 sme f these tribes and they let us jin them．
We were 10 happy because we had the chance t stay in a Quechua cmmunity．We 11 abut their traditins，saw the clurful clthes they wre every day and 12 their daily activities fr sme time．We ften had t use 13 t cmmunicate，since mst f these peple dn't speak Spanish，nly Quechua．This is ne f ur mst interesting travel 14 and a real heart-warming experience that we will never 15 ．
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者一行人探访秘鲁的克丘亚村落的故事。
1．A．figured B．went
C．turned D．pinted
C [虽然马丘比丘简直难以形容，但事实证明，一次完全即兴的冒险给“我们”留下了更深刻的印象(impressin)。it turned ut that ...为固定句型，意为“结果是……，证明是……”。]
2．A．impressin B．understanding
C．sense D．message
A [参见上题解析。]
3．A．questined B．infrmed
C．interviewed D．asked
D [根据语境可知，此处表示“我们”问(asked)他是否有可能(pssible)参观真正的克丘亚村落。]
4．A．suitable B．pssible
C．right D．necessary
B [参见上题解析。]
5．A．try B．stp
C．fail D．wait
A [根据空后的“we wuld have t find it ut urselves”可知，他说“我们”可以试试(try)，不过得自己去弄清楚。]
6．A．turists B．cmmunities
C．ancestrs D．regins
B [根据第二段尾句中的“a real Quechua village”可知，作者他们想参观一个真正的克丘亚村落。再结合最后一段第一句中的“a Quechua cmmunity”可知，此处表示克丘亚人居住在很远的地方。]
7．A．Mre imprtantly B．Sure enugh
C．Wrse still D．Strange t say
C [上文说到这些克丘亚人居住在很远的地方，下文说没有公共交通能到达那里。据此可知，空处表示“更糟糕的是(wrse still)”。]
8．A．applying B．lnging
C．changing D．lking
D [上文讲到没有公共交通能到达那里。再结合该句中的“fr transprt”和“they let us jin them”可知，“我们”在寻找(lking)交通工具时，发现当地的医生和其他社会福利工作者要去参观(visit)其中一些部落，他们让“我们”一同前去。]
9．A．leave B．manage
C．save D．visit
D [参见上题解析。]
10．A．really B．mainly
C．reasnably D．relatively
A [根据下文的“because we had Quechua cmmunity”可知，“我们”真的很高兴，因为“我们”有机会待在一个克丘亚村落。]
11．A．heard B．wrried
C．learned D．cmplained
C [根据空后的“abut their traditins”可知，“我们”了解了(learned)他们的传统。]
12．A．made use f B．tk part in
C．paid attentin t D．gt used t
B [根据语境可知，“我们”参加了(tk part in)他们的日常活动。]
13．A．gestures B．wrds
C．writings D．mails
A [根据下文的“since mst f Quechua”可知，大部分克丘亚人不会讲西班牙语，只会讲克丘亚语，所以“我们”经常得用手势(gestures)和他们交流。]
14．A．plans B．brchures
C．tips D．stries
D [上文叙述了“我们”待在克丘亚村落体验当地人的生活的情况，由此可知，这是一个有趣的旅游故事(stry)。]
15．A．remind B．remember
C．frget D．get
C [根据上文的“a real heart-warming experience”可知，这是一次真正温暖人心的经历，所以这次经历让“我们”永远难忘(frget)。]
Ⅳ．语法填空
Our ancestrs did it ut f necessity，but we are returning t their ways ut f a desire t preserve the planet 1． future generatins．Claire Jacksn investigates the return f ur make-d-and-mend and it turns ut that “fast” fashin has been replaced by a “slw” fashin 2． (mve)．
Reprts that 300，000 tns f 3． (use) clthing ends up in UK landfill every year have led t a cmeback f make-d-and-mend，encuraging increasing numbers f peple t take a renewed interest in maintenance，4． (buy) secnd-hand clthes and t chse quality ver quantity．
“There used t be a feeling f shame attached t wearing secnd-hand clthes，” reflects Anita Taylr，a shp wner．“We're nw meeting peple 5． are surcing their clthes frm agencies such as urs，having been cmmitted t nt buying anything new fr a year．”
In days gne by，wearing a 6． (visible) mended jacket wuld have been cnsidered an embarrassment，but nw it may be prized fr 7． (it) beauty and practicality．
Despite the grwing interest in mending，basic sewing skills—particularly amng yunger generatins — 8． (be) surprisingly scarce (不足的)．If yu really can't fix smething，yu can always repurpse it．By the way，it's all 9． matter f taste．N matter 10． my mther-in-law may say，I happen t like my silver bracelet made ut f an ld frk very much．
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了“修补一下对付使用”这一文化的回归，以及作者对这一文化的点评和态度。
1．fr [结合语境“出于为后代保护地球的渴望”可知，空处的意思是“为了”，故填介词fr。]
2．mvement [根据空前的“by a”可知，空处应用名词形式，此处整体上为“冠词＋形容词＋名词短语”结构，故填mvement。]
3．used [分析句子结构可知，空处修饰后面的名词clthing，需用形容词，意为“二手的，旧的”，故填used。]
4．t buy [此处考查固定表达encurage sb．t d sth．，意为“鼓励某人做某事”，故填t buy。]
5．wh/that [分析句子结构可知，此处是一个限制性定语从句，先行词为peple，关系词在从句中作主语，故填wh/that。]
6．visibly [分析句子结构可知，此处修饰后面的mended，需用副词，故填visibly。]
7．its [分析句子结构可知，此处修饰后面的名词短语beauty and practicality，需用形容词性物主代词，故填its。]
8．are [此处是“主系表”结构。结合语境可知，此处需用一般现在时表示客观情况；主语basic sewing skills为复数，故填are。]
9．a [此处为固定表达a matter f ...，意为“……的问题”，故填a。]
10．what [分析句子结构可知，此处考查让步状语从句，结合句意可知，空处表示“什么”，故填what。]