高中英语Unit 3 War and peace导学案及答案

这是一份高中英语Unit 3 War and peace导学案及答案，共19页。

1．be heavily ______ in the war 在战争中遭到猛烈轰炸
2．______ frm the sea从海里出现
3．a large ___ f mney 一大笔钱
4．a _____ f wheat 一粒小麦
5．a ________ questin相关的问题
1．academy n．学院；研究院；学会；专科院校→________ adj．学术的
2．assciate v．联合；联系→__________ adj．联合的→assciatin n．联合；伙伴；同事
3．mist n．薄雾→_____ adj．多雾的
4．represent vt．代表；象征；描绘；声称→______________ n．代表
5．cllect v．收集→__________ adj．集体的；共同的→cllectin n．收集，收藏品
1．_________压住，压低；按压
2．_____________突破；冲破(障碍)；(在某领域)有进展或突破
3．_____________与……作斗争
1．[句型公式] It is n wnder (that) ...
_____________________many，if nt mst，f China's leading schlars and scientists emerged at Lianda，including the tw Nbel Prize-winning physicists，Yang Zhenning and Li Zhengda．
难怪即使不是大多数，但也有许多中国领先的学者和科学家都是联大出身，包括两位诺贝尔奖得主，物理学家杨振宁和李政道。
2．[句型公式] 过去分词短语作状语
_______________________________，a great many jined the army t resist the Japanese invaders and defend the hnur f the natin．
在献身精神的驱使下，许多人参军抵抗日本侵略者，保卫国家的荣誉。
3．[句型公式] nt nly (als) ...连接并列成分
But it has becme the crwning glry f China's mdern universities，nt nly because f its prminent prfessrs and talented students，___________________________________．
但它已经成了中国现代大学的最高荣耀，这不仅仅是因为那些杰出的教授和才华横溢的学生，也因为联大坚韧不拔和勇于奉献的精神。
①passin n．[C，U]激情，热情
②cmmitment n．[U](对工作或某活动)献身，奉献，投入
cmmit vt．承诺，保证vi．全心全意投入(工作、活动等)
③rather adv．相当，在某种程度上
④academic struggles学术之争
academic adj．学术的
struggle n．[C]斗争，奋斗
⑤symblic adj．象征性的
symbl n．[C]象征；符号，记号
the symbl f...……的象征
the symbl fr...……的符号
⑥immense adj．极大的；巨大的
⑦aggressin n．侵略
⑧be ccupied by被……占领
⑨educatinal and intellectual heritage教育和知识遗产
intellectual adj．智力的，脑力的
heritage n．[usually sing．]遗产(指国家或社会长期形成的历史、传统和特色)
⑩assciated adj．联合的
be assciated with...与……相关
⑪therwise adv．[熟词生义]另；亦
⑫alike adv．两者都，同样地
⑬an epic jurney漫长而艰难的旅程
epic adj．漫长而艰难的，艰苦卓绝的
⑭light up照亮
⑮rugh adj．朴实简单的；粗糙的
⑯a shrtage f...缺乏……
[同义]be shrt f/(a) lack f/be lacking in
⑰furthermre adv．此外；而且；再者(＝mrever)
⑱disrupt v．中断，扰乱
⑲due t由于，因为
⑳air attacks空袭
㉑daunting adj．吓人的，使人气馁的
㉒wrthy [熟词生义]adj．值得尊敬的；值得敬仰的
㉓It is n wnder that...难怪……(＝N wnder that...)
㉔emerge v．出现
㉕lay the fundatin fr...为……打下基础
㉖temprary adj．短暂的；暂时的；临时的
㉗hld dwn压住，压低；按压
㉘shirk ne's duty逃避责任
㉙defend the hnur f the natin捍卫国家荣誉
㉚peer n．同龄人；同辈
㉛gne adj．不复存在；离开了
㉜the crwning glry至高无上的荣耀
crwning adj．使圆满的，使完美的
crwn n．[C]王冠，皇冠
glry n．辉煌的成就；荣耀的事
㉝prminent adj．著名的，杰出的
㉞talented adj．有天资的，有才能的
be talented in...(＝be gifted in...)在……方面有天赋
㉟perseverance n．[U]毅力；韧性；不屈不挠的精神
㊱representative n．代表
㊲cmmemrate v．纪念，作为……的纪念
㊳priceless adj．无价的；极珍贵的；极重要的
㊴cllective memry集体记忆
cllective adj．集体的；共同的
㊵blueprint n．蓝图
LIANDA：A PLACE OF PASSION①，
BELIEF AND COMMITMENT②
Thrughut histry，the great thinkers f the wrld have ften rather③rmantically referred t their academic struggles④as being like“war”．Hwever，fr mst f them，the“war”has been purely symblic⑤．Real war is never rmantic [1]as it brings suffering and immense⑥challenges．
[1]as引导原因状语从句。
In 1937，the aggressin⑦f the Japanese army brught disaster t China's three great universities：Peking University and Tsinghua University were ccupied by⑧Japanese trps，while Nankai University was cmpletely destryed by bmbing．T save their educatinal and intellectual heritage⑨，the three universities jined tgether in Kunming as Natinal Suthwest Assciated⑩University，therwise⑪knwn as Lianda．
Prfessrs and students alike⑫in the three universities made an epic jurney⑬ver a distance f mre than 2，000 kilmetres，[2]mst f them n ft．Their bed was the dusty rad and their rf was the pen sky，ften lit up⑭by explding Japanese bmbs．Cnditins were little better [3]nce they reached the remte and muntainus suth-west part f China．They had t live in rugh⑮buildings，packed 40 t a rm，like sardines．There were dire shrtages f⑯fd，bks，and equipment．Furthermre⑰，classes were frequently disrupted⑱due t⑲fierce air attacks⑳and ften had t be held befre 10 am and after 4 pm．
[2]独立主格结构。
[3]nce引导时间状语从句，nce相当于when。
[4]Hwever，despite the immense hardships and the daunting㉑challenges，it was right in this place，ver a perid f eight lng years，that the natin's intellectual heritage was nt nly guarded but frtified by the passin and belief f the wrthy㉒academics f Lianda．It is n wnder that㉓many，[5]if nt mst，f China's leading schlars and scientists emerged㉔at Lianda，including the tw Nbel Prize-winning physicists，Yang Zhenning and Li Zhengda．“Lianda laid the fundatin fr㉕every achievement I have made，”Yang recalled．He still remembers learning in a temprary㉖classrm that had n glass in the windws．“On windy days，we had t hld dwn㉗the paper n the desk，[6]which wuld therwise be blwn away，”he said．
[4]本句包含了强调句型，强调地点状语right in this place，还包含nt (als)...结构。其中“”为介词短语作让步状语。
[5]if型省略结构。
[6]which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the paper。
With the cuntry at war，students at Lianda were nt ging t shirk their duty㉘．[7]Driven by a sense f cmmitment，a great many jined the army t resist the Japanese invaders and defend the hnur f the natin㉙．In fact，Lianda prvided the largest number f student-sldiers frm any campus in China．Of the thusands f cllege students frm all ver China wh served as interpreters，ne tenth were frm Lianda，including the well-knwn translatrs Zha Liangzheng and Xu Yuanchng．Zha later depicted the cntributins f his peers㉚in a pem：
Sftly，n the hillside frgtten by all，
A misty rain falls in a gentle breeze；
There is n trace f the ftprints f histry；
Where brave suls nce std，breathing new life int the trees．
[7]本句中过去分词短语driven by a sense f cmmitment作原因状语，句中and连接两个并列的不定式短语作目的状语。
A prduct f the war，Lianda is nw physically gne㉛．But it has becme the crwning glry㉜f China's mdern universities，nt nly because f its prminent㉝prfessrs and talented㉞students，but als because f the schl's strng spirit f perseverance㉟and dedicatin．In 2017，representatives㊱frm Peking University，Tsinghua University，Nankai University and Yunnan Nrmal University gathered t cmmemrate㊲the 80th anniversary f its funding．
Mre than eighty years n，the priceless㊳cntributin f Lianda still needs t be reaffirmed．It has becme part f the cllective memry㊴f the Chinese natin，with its spirit as the blueprint㊵fr all universities in China in the mdern era．
联大：一个充满热情、信念和奉献的地方
纵观历史，世界上伟大的思想家们常常以一种浪漫的说法把他们的学术之争比喻为“战争”。然而，对他们中的大多数人来说，“战争”一词纯粹是象征性的。真正的战争从来不是浪漫的，因为它会带来痛苦和巨大的挑战。
1937年，日军的侵略给中国三所著名大学带来了灾难：北京大学和清华大学被日本军队占领，而南开大学被彻底炸毁。为了保护教育和知识遗产，这三所大学在昆明联合成立了国立西南联合大学，简称联大。
这三所大学的教授和学生们完成了一次长达2 000多千米的漫长而艰辛的行程，其中大部分都是徒步完成的。他们以尘土飞扬的道路为床，以开阔的、经常被日军的炸弹照亮的天空为屋顶。到了中国西南部的偏远山区后，情况也没有好多少。他们不得不住在简陋的房子里，40 个人像沙丁鱼一样挤在一间屋子里，食物、书籍和设备严重短缺。此外，由于猛烈的空袭，课堂经常中断。因此上课时间往往在上午10点前和下午4点后。
然而，尽管面临着巨大的困难和艰巨的挑战，就是在这个地方，经过八年漫长的岁月，国家的知识遗产不仅得到了保护，还得到了强化，这些都归功于联大杰出学者们的热情和信念。难怪即使不是大多数，但也有许多中国领先的学者和科学家都是联大出身，包括两位诺贝尔奖得主，物理学家杨振宁和李政道。“联大为我所取得的每项成就奠定了基础。”杨振宁回忆道。他还记得在一间窗户没有玻璃的临时教室里学习。“在刮风的日子里，我们不得不把纸按在桌子上，否则纸就会被风吹走。”他说。
国家正处于战争状态，联大的学生们不会逃避他们的责任。在献身精神的驱使下，许多人参军抵抗日本侵略者，保卫国家的荣誉。事实上，联大输送的学生士兵的数量是中国所有校园中最多的。在来自全国各地担任翻译的数千名大学生中，有十分之一的人来自联大，其中包括著名的翻译家查良铮和许渊冲。查良铮后来在一首诗中描述了他的同龄人所做的贡献：
……
静静地，在那被遗忘的山坡上，
还下着密雨，还吹着细风，
没有人知道历史曾在此走过，
留下了英灵化入树干而滋生。
作为战争的产物，联大现在已经不复存在。但它已经成了中国现代大学的最高荣耀，这不仅仅是因为那些杰出的教授和才华横溢的学生，也因为联大坚韧不拔和勇于奉献的精神。2017年，北京大学、清华大学、南开大学和云南师范大学的代表们齐聚一堂，共同纪念联大建校 80 周年。
尽管已经历经80多年，联大做出的无价贡献仍值得重申。它已成为中华民族集体记忆的一部分，联大精神更是描绘了现代中国所有大学的蓝图。
1．What's mainly talked abut in the passage?
A．Lianda at war．
B．The histry f Lianda．
C．Hw the students f Lianda study hard．
D．The establishment f Lianda and its influence．
2．Read the passage quickly and fill in the blanks．
Read the text carefully and then chse the best answer．
1．Which f the fllwing is nt included in Lianda?
A．Peking University．
B．Kunming University．
C．Tsinghua University．
D．Nankai University．
2．Hw did the prfessrs and students get t Lianda?
A．By bike． B．By plane．
C．On ft． D．By truck．
3．What was the purpse t build Lianda?
A．T save their educatinal and intellectual heritage．
B．T fight against the Japanese invaders．
C．T teach students t be interpreters．
D．T make the students experience hardship．
4．Why has Lianda becme the crwning glry f China's mdern universities?
A．Because f a prduct f the war．
B．Because f its strng spirit f perseverance and dedicatin．
C．Because f its cllective memry．
D．Because f the hnur f the natin．
1．emerge v．出现
(1)emerge frm从……中出现或显露
emerge ut f来源于
emerge as作为……出现
(2)emergence n．出现，兴起
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①A pedestrian suddenly emerged ____ a tree，which frightened the driver int braking sharply．
②Envirnmental prtectin has recently emerged __ a majr issue．
③The musical frms emerged ut __ the American black experience．
④直到中午他才从卧室里出来。
He ______________________________ until nn．
2．hld dwn 压住，压低；按压
hld n坚持；(打电话时用语)别挂断
hld n t紧紧抓住
hld back阻碍，克制，隐瞒
hld ut坚持；维持；伸出
[即学即练] 用hld的相关短语填空/完成句子
①She __________ a branch until we came t her rescue．
②They are ready t ________ friendly hands as sn as they see the guest．
③When he left the telephne t find a pencil，he asked me t _______．
④They are making an attempt t _________ prices until the new year．
⑤他紧紧地抓住岩石以免向下滑。
He ___________________ t stp himself frm slipping．
⑥他拿了本词典压住试卷，以防试卷被风吹走。
He tk a dictinary t _________________________ fr fear that they might be blwn away by the wind．
3．fight against 与……作斗争
fight fr 为……而斗争
fight with与……一起战斗(奋斗);用……反对
fight back还击，抑制住(尤指情感)
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①I std there with a lump in my thrat and tried t fight ____ tears．
②The Chinese peple are willing t fight ____ peple all ver the wrld ___ wrld peace．
③In the Secnd Wrld War，Britain fught _______ Germany with France．
④在那之后，我们都看了校友们抗击流行病的视频。
After that，we all watched the vide f alumni _____________________________．
4．sum n．金额，款项
(1)d/wrk/make sums/a sum
计算；做算术题
a large sum f一大笔
in sum总而言之；总之
(2)sum up总结；概括；是……的总和；合计
t sum up总而言之；概括起来说
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子/一句多译
①Will yu please sum __ the main idea f the passage?
②Even thugh in rags，he wns a large sum __ mney．
③我很快就算出了需要花费的钱数。
I ___________________________ t wrk ut hw much it wuld cst．
④总而言之，表扬应该与孩子们付出的努力相匹配。
a．_________，the praise shuld be equal t the amunt f effrt f the children．
b．______，the praise shuld be equal t the amunt f effrt f the children．
5．break thrugh 突破；冲破(障碍)；(在某领域)有进展或突破
break dwn(机器)出故障；(身体)垮掉；
(化学)分解；失败；消除
break up打碎；分裂；解体；结束；分手；
放假
break in破门而入；打断(谈话等)
break int强行闯入；突然……起来
break away frm脱离；挣脱
break ut(战争、火灾等)爆发；发生
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①When I gt hme，I fund the dr pen．It ccurred t me that smene brke ____ my huse．
②The newly-elected president fficially laid ut a plan t break _______ the trade barrier．
③Old-fashined phnes matter when wireless netwrks break ____ in disasters．
④The American Revlutinary War brke ___ in 1775 and ended in 1783．
⑤现在许多农民都不愿务农，想到城里谋生。
Nwadays many farmers want t _______________________ and make a living in cities．
6．relevant adj．有关的，切题的
(1)be relevant t与……有关
irrelevant adj． 不相干的，不相关的
(2)relevance n． 相关性，关联
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①Dn't interrupt unless yu have smething relevant __ say．
②What yu are saying has n _________ (relevant) t the matter in hand．
③Be sure t stay n tpic and nt ffer __________ (relevant)infrmatin．
④教科书的主题应与学生的兴趣有关。
Tpics fr textbks ___________________________________ f the students．
重点句式1 It is n wnder (that)...
(教材P43)It is n wnder that many，if nt mst，f China's leading schlars and scientists emerged at Lianda，including the tw Nbel Prize-winning physicists，Yang Zhenning and Li Zhengda．
难怪即使不是大多数，但也有许多中国领先的学者和科学家都是联大出身，包括两位诺贝尔奖得主，物理学家杨振宁和李政道。
[句式分析] 本句中含有句式“It is n wnder＋that从句”，其中it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的that从句。
I am tld that he studies very hard and it is n wnder that he stands ut in every subject.
有人告诉我他学习很认真，难怪他门门学科表现突出。
(1)It is n wnder (that)...＝N wnder (that)...难怪……；怪不得……
It's a wnder (that)...令人惊奇的是；……说来也怪。
in wnder 惊讶地
(2)wnder at/abut sth．对某事感到惊讶
wnder if/whether...不知是否……
wnder wh-从句 想知道……
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①It's _ wnder that yu recgnized me since we hadn't seen each ther fr s lng．
②What cmes next is the endless series f steps．Yu can't help wndering ___ hard it was fr the peple then t put all thse rcks int place．
③我想知道您是否愿意给我们一些意见，因为情节部分的词汇和语法需要调整。
_________________________________________________________ because the vcabulary and grammar f the plt need t be adjusted．
④汤姆一直工作了三个小时。难怪他看上去很累。
Tm has been wrking fr three hurs．_______________________________．
⑤地震发生后，他靠一瓶矿泉水幸存了下来，这真是个奇迹。
____________________ he had survived n a bttle f mineral water after the earthquake．
重点句式2 过去分词短语作状语
(教材P43)Driven by a sense f cmmitment，a great many jined the army t resist the Japanese invaders and defend the hnur f the natin．
在献身精神的驱使下，许多人参军抵抗日本侵略者，保卫国家的荣誉。
[句式分析] 本句中driven by a sense f cmmitment为过去分词短语作状语，与句子的主语a great many存在逻辑上的动宾关系。另外，drive在此处表示“驱使，驱动”。表示此意时，常用于被动语态。
[即学即练] 完成句子
①如果按照说明书服用这种药，就没有副作用。
_____ accrding t the directin，the drug has n side effect．
②为了确保我选择的那个人是最好的，我对他进行了彻底的评估。
____________ the ne I chse wuld be the best，I evaluated him thrughly．
③把那些问题看作是发展自己才能的机会，你迟早会提高自己并取得成功。
______ thse prblems as pprtunities t develp yur wn talents，yu will imprve yurself and succeed sner r later．
④被狼袭击时，马克很害怕，但他必须冷静下来，勇敢地与狼搏斗。
________ by the wlf，Mac was frightened，but he had t calm dwn and fight with it bravely．
[温馨提示]
过去分词短语作状语，与句子的主语存在逻辑上的动宾关系；动词-ing形式短语作状语，与句子的主语存在逻辑上的主谓关系；动词不定式位于句首作状语，表示目的。
eq \a\vs4\al(重点句式3) nt nly (als) ...连接并列成分
(教材P44) But it has becme the crwning glry f China's mdern universities，nt nly because f its prminent prfessrs and talented students，but als because f the schl's strng spirit f perseverance and dedicatin．
但它已经成了中国现代大学的最高荣耀，这不仅仅是因为那些杰出的教授和才华横溢的学生，也因为联大坚韧不拔和勇于奉献的精神。
[句式分析] 本句中nt nly als ...连接两个原因状语。
Thrugh the exhibitin，nt nly can yu admire wnderful pictures，but als yu can understand the art f traditinal Chinese painting better．
通过展览，您不仅可以欣赏到精彩的图画，还可以更好地了解中国传统绘画艺术。
(1)nt nly als ...常用来连接并列成分，如两个主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语或句子，在意义上强调后者，其中als可以省略。
(2)nt nly als ...连接主语时，谓语动词的数遵循“就近一致”原则；当nt als...连接两个句子且nt nly位于句首时，nt nly后的分句要用部分倒装，but als后的分句不倒装。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子/句式升级
①Nt nly we students but als ur teacher __ (be) fnd f watching basketball matches．
②He nt nly wants t be taken seriusly as a musician，___ as a pet，t．
③他们不仅闯进了他的办公室，而且还撕碎了他的文件。
They _________________________________________ tre up his papers．
④They are experienced，knwledgeable，patient and understanding．
→___________________________________________________________________________________(nt als...)
⑤He can nt nly speak English crrectly，but he als speaks it fluently．
→_________________________________________________________(倒装句)
Ⅰ．单词拼写
1．Their ________ (学术的) standards are high and they are all experts in different fields．
2．All the _______________ (代表) were in favur f the bill，s it was passed and became a law．
3．The city was heavily _______(轰炸) in the war．
4．A few chickens were scratching arund in the yard fr ______ (谷物)．
5．When we lk a bit deeper，prblems begin t ______ (出现) immediately．
6．As this trade invlves a very large ___(金额) f mney，yu have t think twice befre making a decisin．
7．Fr further infrmatin，please refer t the ________(相关的) bks．
Ⅱ．选词填空
light up；hld dwn；a sum f；break thrugh；n standby
1．We need t raise ________ mney t help the rphanage．
2．We hpe t _____________ sn in the fight against AIDS．
3．T prtect the safety f the lcal peple，a special team f plice are kept __________．
4．He was unable t _________ a jb after his breakdwn．
5．When Susan heard the gd news that she came first in the race，her face ______ with great jy．
Ⅲ．课文语法填空
Due t the aggressin f the Japanese army in 1937，Peking University，Tsinghua University and Nankai University 1．______ (jin) tgether in Kunming as Natinal Suthwest Assciated University t save their educatinal and intellectual heritage，therwise 2．_____ (knw)as Lianda．
Bth prfessrs 3．___ students walked mre than 2，000 kilmetres with Japanese bmbs falling n the way．Cnditins were little 4．______ (gd) nce they reached the remte and muntainus suth-west part f China．They were faced with lack f fd，bks and equipment，and smetimes air attacks．
In spite f the immense hardships and the daunting challenges，the natin's intellectual heritage was nt nly guarded but frtified 5．__ the passin and belief f the wrthy academics f Lianda．
6．______ (drive) by a sense f cmmitment，a great many jined the army 7．________ (fight) against the Japanese invaders．One tenth f the thusands f cllege students frm all ver China wh served as interpreters were frm Lianda．
8．______ Lianda is nw physically gne，it has becme the crwning glry f China's mdern universities because f its prminent prfessrs and 9．________ (talent) students and its strng spirit f perseverance and dedicatin．Mre than eighty years later，the priceless 10．____________ (cntribute) f Lianda is still valuable．