专题04 阅读理解之猜测词义题（练习）-2024年高考英语二轮复习练习（新教材新高考）

高考英语一轮复习策略建议1、抓基础、重应用、强化词句的积累和运用。要求学生重视并充分利用每单元学案、课本上的重点词汇、短语和句型，以及每单元的综合训练，认真对其辨析、总结和归纳，查漏补缺，坚持积累，最重要的是能够在合适的语境中正确、灵活地运用。2、抓课堂、重效率、要求学生紧跟老师的节奏。一轮复习是将重点知识提炼，容量大，速度快。所以，学生的思路必须时时刻刻跟随着老师的思路，要快速地用脑思，用心听、用嘴说，用手写，才能达到高效。3、抓自习、重过程、增强得分的意识。学案都是在规定的时间内完成，重视规范的做题步骤，重视思考过程。更重要的是，做完题后要对做过的题目进行反思、整理。4、抓阅读、重反思、全面提高成绩。得阅读者得天下。阅读是强化英语思维的最佳途径之一。一轮复习，重视基础知识的同时，要坚持阅读训练，促进英语成绩的整体提高。5、抓时间，重效果，扎实做好每个复习环节。一轮复习时间紧，任务重，需要同学们充分抢抓时间，利用时间，紧跟复习进度。英语的进步并非一蹴而就，需要每天坚持把每件事情做扎实。做到这一点，成功只是早晚的事！ 专题04 阅读理解之猜测词义题目 录 TOC \o "1-1" \p " " \h \z \u  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc148019150"  猜测词义 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1一、（最新模拟）阅读理解之猜测词义---猜测单词的意思-------------------------------------------------------------------2二、（最新模拟题）阅读理解之猜测词义---猜测短语意思------------------------------------------------------------------5三、（最新模拟题）阅读理解之猜测词义---猜测代词词义-----------------------------------------------------------------8四、（最新模拟题）阅读理解之猜测词义---猜测句子意思---------------------------------------------------------------11五、高考真题-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------13 04 阅读理解之猜测词义最新模拟演练一、阅读理解之猜测词义---单词的意思1.（2024·浙江省稽阳联谊学校高三上学期11月联考）The concept of bypassing ground transportation by air isn’t new. Helicopter taxi service already exists in cities like New York, where a flight can sometimes be comparable to or cheaper than the cost of a ride-share from an airport into Manhattan.29．What does the underlined word “bypass” in paragraph 5 mean?A．Avoid. B．Conduct. C．Restrict. D．Control.2.（2024·浙江省强基联盟高三上学期12月联考）Sperm whales have complex social groups. When a familiar young male rejoined his family, researchers seized the chance to record their sounds. For two decades, scientists documented two sperm whale groups, capturing their clicking sounds. After manually decoding some sounds, they turned to AI for faster translation. Using a neural (神经的) network, the team trained it to discern individual whales from a subset of sounds. Next, their ambitious goal is to train a computer to speak whale.29．What does the underlined word “discern” in paragraph 3 mean?A．Train. B．Recognize. C．Record. D．Protect.3.（2024·浙江省县域教研联盟高三上学期12月月考）After the plane landed, I immediately read the critique myself, which was harsh and thorough, pointing out several fundamental flaws in our methods and in the basic data. The fallout was swift and intense. I received a flood of emails and messages. Some were from supportive colleagues, but many were harshly critical of my work.I was depressed, wondering what this would mean for my career.25．What does the underlined word “fallout” in paragraph 2 probably mean?A．Consequence. B．Conflict. C．Solution. D．Shame.4. （2024·湖南省湘东九校第一次联考试题一模）Experts in the Ljubljana Manifesto record the demerits of digital reading: “Recent studies of various kinds indicate a decline of critical and conscious reading, slow reading, non-strategic reading and long-form reading.” When you read a book on paper, you can be entirely inside the experience, absorb hundreds of pages of details thoroughly and begin to capture the world’s complexity. Online, says Maryanne Wolf of UCLA, we are “skimming, scanning, scrolling”. The medium is the message: doing deep reading on your phone is as hard as playing tennis with your phone. Recently, a bright 11-year-old told me I was wasting time on books: he absorbed more information faster from Wikipedia. He had a point. But digital readers also absorb more misinformation and seldom absorb fine perspectives. 10．What does the underlined word “demerits” in paragraph 3 mean?A．Effects. B．Depths. C．Features. D．Drawbacks.5.（2024·广西壮族自治区广西贵港市、百色市、河池市高三上学期三模联考） I don’t only avoid (避免) those “if only” moments when it comes to safety. it’s equally important to avoid “if only” in our personal relationships. We all know people who lost a loved one and regretted that they had foregone an opportunity to say, “I love you” or “I forgive you.” When my father announced he was going to the eye doctor across from my office on Good Friday, I told him that it was a holiday for my company and I wouldn’t be here. But then I thought about the fact that he’s 84 years old and I realized that I shouldn’t give up an opportunity to see him. I called him and told him I had decided to go to work on my day off after all.6．Which word(s) can best replace the underlined word “foregone” in Paragraph 3?A．given up. B．Lacked. C．Avoided. D．Wasted.6. （2024·河北省保定市保定部分高中高三上学期12月期中）While the instructor controlled the sessions, the robot, triggered by the instructor, took over at certain times to lead the students. Besides introducing the session, the robot set goals and provided self-regulating strategies, if necessary. If the learning process was getting off-track, the robot used strategies such as games, riddles, jokes, breathing exercises and physical movements to redirect the students back to the task. Which of the following can best replace the underlined part “triggered” in paragraph 5?A．picked up B．set off C．taken out D．brought in7. （2024•江苏省南京市六校高三上学期11月期中联合调研）Their 14-year-old son, Mike, is a prodigy. He is a member of Mensa, which is the world’s top IQ club. He completed his high school, associate’s and bachelor’s degrees all in three years. That’s not all. He also ran two tech companies, founded a third one that works towards controlling the population of lionfish, an invasive (入侵的) species.What do the underlined words “a prodigy” in paragraph 2 refer to?A．A gifted person. B．A famous student.C．A brilliant biologist. D．A successful businessman.8. （2024•江西省高一上学期11月期中）The German chancellor also expressed confidence in his country’s strengths. “There is no question about the international competitiveness of Germany as a car country,” he said, adding that “Germany is still the linchpin of the auto industry and will remain so.”What does the underlined word in the sixth paragraph mean?A．serious problem B．noticeable weakness C．angry consumer D．key role9. （2024•四川省雅安市联考高三上学期12月联考）“Our research shows a significant link between air pollution and diabetes globally,” said Ziyad Al-Aly, MD, the study’s senior author and an assistant professor of medicine at the University of Washington. “We found an increased risk, even at low levels of air pollution currently considered safe by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the World Health Organization (WHO). This is important because many industry lobbying (游说) groups argue that current levels are too stringent and should be relaxed. Evidence shows that current levels are still not sufficiently safe and need to be tightened.”What does the underlined word “stringent” in paragraph 3 mean?A．Strict. B．Slight.C．Bright. D．Ordinary.10. （2024•黑龙江省齐齐哈尔市高三上学期11月月考）The issue has resulted in the French government expressing their attitude, and Apple is not the only manufacturer under scrutiny. Other brands such as Samsung and Motorola all have models which exceed the national limit. In fact, over 50 phone models across the major tech company sphere are included in the list by French technology watchdogs, with flagship products such as the Samsung Galaxy Note 10 and Motorola Edge all under scrutiny.Which can replace the underlined word “scrutiny” in paragraph 6?A．Examination. B．Development. C．Instruction. D．Budget.二、阅读理解之猜测词义---猜测短语意思1.（2024•江西省部分地区高三上学期11月期中）If you want to lose weight, the key is to develop a caloric deficit in which you burn calories more than what you’re consuming. But eating high calorie fatty food regularly can make this a hard nut. “You are overconsuming calories and will have to do more exercise than a person can sustain on a long-term basis,” Carriker said.Which is closest in meaning to “hard nut” underlined in paragraph 3?A．Disorder. B．Target. C．Trend. D．Challenge.2. （2024•湖北省武昌实验中学高三上学期12月月考）Anna Steed doesn’t look much older than her students, but she is a practitioner of behavioral and motivational science, a shoulder to cry on, and the high school debate coach. Her class, which began as an elective class to give students exposure to skills that prepare them for college, has become the class on campus that creates winners.Speech and debate test the teenage character perhaps more than any other activity. The shy and the unsure often have no desire to look up from their screens and engage in the oldest human interaction: persuasive oral arguments. It’s dreadful territory for the average teenager. Research, writing, delivering a speech in front of your peers --it all sounds like the kind of class students would be most likely to skip. But Anna draws them in.Classroom 161 is always full. Anna’s debate teams have a case full of medals; most importantly, they have gone on to become leaders of their communities and examples to their families.“This activity has changed my life. Just building connections with people I never, ever imagined building connections with,” relates Alexander Hernandez Gonzalez. Alexander suffered from social anxiety throughout his childhood. Then he discovered debate as a freshman, and it changed his life.What drives young people to stand up and passionately deliver a speech in front of a crowd full of strangers, a panel of judges and opposing teams from more privileged high schools? The person who will always have their back: Anna Steed.“I want them to just have the memory of making it through, succeeding in a place like that and expressing a story that leaves that place better,” Anna says.That better place begins in room 161 when unsure and nervous students enter for the first time. After setbacksand adjustments, a lot of hugs, encouragement, and hours of late-night study and practice, they roll out a few years later with their shoulders back and a full tank of confidence, ready to take on the next stage of life.What do the underlined words “that place” in paragraph 6 refer to?A．Anna’s class. B．The privileged classroomC．Unfamiliar territory. D．The next stage of life.3. （2024•上海市松江区高三上学期期末质量监控）Every summer, as a child, I spent with my parents the annual family holiday, flying away from our home in the West Midlands to their birthplace in Ireland.I enjoyed it, but once, I behaved differently and left home. Package tours and long-distance flights became my idea of a holiday. I then went and ran into an Englishman who also came of Irish stock, and we both felt the urge to renew our knowledge of Ireland.It was important for us to discover something different from our childhood visits. So that’s how we came to drive along the winding St John’s Point Peninsula (半岛) in Donegal, part of Ireland’s Wild Atlantic Way, to visit a unique part of the 20th-century history — the Donegal Corridor.When anyone drives to the point where the land runs out, he sees giant white stones fixed firmly in green grass spelling out “EIRE” and “70”, while the Atlantic wind fiercely blows across the headland and the ice-white waves smash into the rocks below. The meaning behind the stones? They date back to the Second World War when St John’s Point was number 70 in a total of 83 Look Out Points (LOPs), observation stations set up and maintained by Ireland all around its coast.There lies a bit of curious UK-Ireland history. Although Ireland was officially neutral during the war, the Battle of the Atlantic was being fought close to Irish shores, and these LOPs, staffed by local volunteers known as Coast watchers, passed on information on activities connected with the sea and weather fronts to London.At St John’s Point, we were standing right under the Donegal Corridor, a long narrow area of airspace in which Ireland ensured safe passage during World War II to planes in the RAF (Royal Air Force) from bases in the UK-governed North of Ireland. The stone markings acted as reference points to aircrews. Standing on this rough area of land surrounded by the wild and windy ocean brought home to us the conditions in which the Coast watchers and aircrews in the RAF cooperated in a shared history.I revolted against my family tradition that summer, and I fulfilled my aim of discovering something new and absorbed all Donegal has to offer: empty golden beaches, mysterious ancient stone circles, folk music and crafts, and tasty food. I had fallen in love with Ireland all over again.The expression “revolted against” in the last paragraph is closest in meaning to __________.A．worried about B．passed on C．celebrated D．disobeyed4. （2024•福建省厦门双十中学高三上学期12月月考）In the late 1940s, doctors were worried. Britain, like many rich countries, was suffering from an “epidemic” of heart disease and no one knew why. Various hypotheses, such as stress, were suggested; but one thing that was not exercising researchers was exercise. The idea that health and exercise were linked “wasn’t the accepted fact that we know today”, says Nick Wareham, a professor of epidemiology at Cambridge University. Some even felt that “too much physical activity was a bad thing for your health”. Miners and farmers who did physical exercise also suffered from various diseases and died young.What does the underlined part “exercising researchers” in Paragraph 3 probably mean?A．Encouraging researchers to work out. B．Helping with researchers’ inquiry.C．Hold back researchers’ progress. D．Drawing researchers’ attention.5. （2024•江苏省马坝高级中学高三上学期10月学情调研测试）Since there was usually not enough time for a bystander pig to become involved in the heat of a conflict, though this did occur, Dr Norscia looked at what happened in the three minutes immediately following a fight. Sometimes, he found, the fighters were reconciled with each other on their own. The more distantly related the fighters were, the more frequently this happened. Dr Norscia guessed that relations between close relatives are more secure to start with, so rebuilding friendly relations rapidly is less necessary for them.What does the underlined word “were reconciled” probably mean in paragraph 4?A．Looked up B．Made up. C．Kept in touch. D．Figured out.6. （2024•山东省滨州市惠民县高三上学期期中）Artificial Intelligence (AI) advice is as influential as humans’, but positive crowd views still overpower.In a study, researchers found that machines that make recommendations or AI experts were as influential as human experts when the AI experts recommended which photo users should add to their online business profiles. However, both AI and human experts failed to budge them if the feedback of both AI and human experts was negative and went against popular views among other users, said Sundar, a professor of Media Effects.What do the underlined words “budge them” in paragraph 2 mean？A．Raise users’ spirits. B．Satisfy users’ needs.C．Change users’ ideas. D．Fire users’ imagination.7. （2024•上海市长宁区英语高三上学期一模）When I volunteered as a social worker at a domestic violence shelter in a developing country, I imagined the position for which my university experience had prepared me. I imagined conducting intake interviews and walking around from organization to organization seeking support that the women would need to rebuild their lives. When I arrived, I felt as if I already had months of experience, experience gained in the hypothetical situations I had invented and subsequently resolved single-handedly. I felt thoroughly prepared to tackle the situation I assumed was waiting for me.I arrived full of zeal. Within moments, my reality made a sharp break from which I had expected. The coordinator explained that the shelter’s need for financial self-sufficiency had become obvious. To address this, the center was planning to open a bakery. I immediately enthused about the project, making many references to the small enterprise case studies I had researched at the university. In response to my impassioned reply, the coordinator declared me in charge of the bakery. At that moment, I was as prepared to bake bread as I was to run for political office. The bigger problem, however, was that I was completely unfamiliar with the for-profit business models necessary to run the bakery. I was out of my depth in a foreign river with only my coordinator’s confidence to keep me afloat.The statement that the author arrived “full of zeal” indicates that she was_____________.A．anxious and insecure B．confident but uninformedC．eager and interested D．enthusiastic but incompetent三、阅读理解之猜测词义---猜测代词词义1. （2024•江苏省淮阴中学、姜堰中学、徐州一中高三上学期12月联考）California is speeding up the launch of its robotaxi. Cars without drivers are already becoming a common sight on San Francisco’s winding and foggy streets with a lot of hills. But they’ve been limited in their areas and time of operation, and in some cases have had human safety monitors on board. Last week, California officials voted to remove most restrictions for the two leading self-driving car companies, Waymo and Cruise, letting them charge for rides anywhere in the city 24/7. It’s a critical moment for the industry, which has grown to more than 40 companies reaching millions of miles on public roads every year.If this is the future, it’s still a tough nut in progress. One San Francisco driverless vehicle rolled into an active fire scene and prevented firefighters from carrying out their work. Others have stopped dead in the middle of traffic. There were 93 reported traffic incidents involving robotaxis in March alone. California regulators shouldn’t be giving robotaxis a free pass. Driverless cars could make a difference to the city streets the way gas-powered automobiles did a century ago. The objection to driverless cars has been similar, too. In San Francisco, one activist group has begun coning self-driving taxis—placing a simple orange cone (圆锥体) on the metal cover of the engine, which seems to “paralyze” an autonomous vehicle.What does “this” refer to in the second paragraph?A．Restrictions will be cancelled for the self-driving cars.B．Francisco’ streets will be upgraded by California regulators.C．Robotaxis will be in full wings in California around the clock.D．Millions of miles on public roads will be monitored every year.2. （2024·湖南省长沙市第一中学高三上学期月考卷（四））CellOT is a groundbreaking approach that identifies the distinct reactions individual cells within a larger population can have to a drug. The average response of a cell population often does not capture the full complexity of how certain tumor cells survive or develop resistance to drugs. CellOT addresses this by predicting the effects of perturbations (扰动) on cells, paving the way for more effective and personalized cancer treatments.The underlined word “this” in Paragraph 3 refers to _______.A．various responses of a cell population to drugsB．the average reaction of a cell population to drugsC．the resistance from a group of cancer cells to drugsD．the survival of a population of cancer cells to drugs2. （2024·辽宁省大连市滨城高中联盟高三上学期期中（Ⅱ））Roads also disturb elephant migration. Those outside national park boundaries are prior poaching (偷猎) spots. Elephants know unguarded roads are dangerous. During one study of 28 elephants in Central Africa, only one female crossed an unprotected road. When she finally crossed, she moved 14 times faster than she did when crossing a protected road inside a park.What does the underlined “those” in paragraph 3 refer to?A．Elephants. B．Unguarded roads. C．Poachers. D．Migrations.3. （2024·广东省高三上学期12月月考）Anyone can put on a show at the Fringe, and this year even robots were getting in on the act. One of Fringe’s big shows used a small robot to come up with jokes from audiences’ suggestions, which were then performed by humans. The results could be very funny, but sometimes they weren’t funny at all. That was part of the point, explained Piotr Mirowski, the show’s co-maker. “We do not use humans to ‘show off’ AI; instead, we use AI ‘to show’ its limitations, to showcase human creativity on the stage,” said Mirowski, according to The Guardian.What does the underlined “That” in paragraph 2 refer to?A．Performing jokes made by robots. B．Robots’ jokes are very popular.C．Robots’ jokes sometimes are not fun. D．Using humans to show off AI.4. （2024·江西省部分学校上学期11月期中）The 1973 horror film “The Exorcist” and “Silent Night, Deadly Night” released in 1984 were so scary that audiences left the theater up and out—throwing up and passing out, that is.Based on this evidence after the release, it would seem to most people that horror movies are bad for people’s health. Yet experts actually argue exactly the opposite: The Halloween tradition of watching scary movies is actually good for your mental health.“There is some research on this in psychology, but I think what’s basically been found is that there’s a benefit to recalling fears in your mind,” Matthew Strohl, the author of Why It’s OK to Love Bad Movies, told Salon. “You can gain a sense of distance from them. You feel you can conquer them through this sort of exposure, as it were, by repeatedly putting yourself in a position where you have to engage with them. But because it’s in a fictional (虚构的) artistic context, you can deal with them.”Frank T. McAndrew, who has studied how places can “creep” people out (让人害怕)—researched on the science behind how horror movies are in many ways ideal as a specific vehicle for meeting this need to be scared.“That is kind of born with us,” McAndrew pointed out. “We like stories. We like to learn through the experience of other people. We learn valuable lessons that might be kind of costly to learn on our own. So we are attracted by horror movies and horror experiences because by watching other people deal with scary things, we can mentally practice strategies that will make us better prepared for dealing with that ourselves in the future.”Whether it is turning down the movie’s volume, covering your eyes, or reminding yourself that it is just a movie, McAndrew said “that kind of playful engagement with fear can not only help people avoid fainting from horror in face of a horror movie, but also handle the pressure and anxieties of the real world.”What does “That” underlined in paragraph 5 probably mean?A．The appeal for a vehicle. B．The need for fear.C．The fear for some places. D．The science behind horror.四、阅读理解之猜测词义---猜测句子意思1.（2024·黑龙江省哈尔滨师范大学附属中学高二上学期11月期中）It was a sunny afternoon in June of 2022 when 20-year-old Anthony Perry stepped off the train at Chicago’s 69th Street station. On the platform, two men were fighting bitterly. Then the unthinkable happened: the pair fell over the edge and onto the tracks. One man ended up on his back. Suddenly, he started convulsing (抽搐) unnaturally. He had fallen on the third rail, the conduit (导线管) for the 600 volts of electricity that powers Chicago’s L trains. The aggressor leaped backward, bounded back up onto the platform and disappeared.Perry couldn’t just stand there and watch. He sat at the edge of the platform and eased himself down. He took a few quick bounds and approached the victim. The guy looked dead, his body still moving violently as the electricity pulsed (搏动). Gathering up his courage, Perry reached down and grasped the victim’s wrist. Instantly, he felt a blast of electric shock shoot through his body. Perry shrank and jumped back. He reached down a second time, and was shocked again. But the third time he seized the man’s wrist and forearm and, braving the shock, pulled with all his strength. The guy’s body slid briefly along the third rail, coming to rest on the gravel on the outer edge of the tracks.The man was breathing, but irregularly. Something wasn’t right. “Give him chest compressions (按压)!” yelled a woman. Perry was no expert, but for a few moments he worked on the man’s heart until the victim began convulsing. Then he heard a sudden noise behind him — medical workers and firefighters had arrived. Perry let the professionals take over. His heart still racing from the electric shocks, he climbed back up onto the platform, grabbed his things and headed home.The evening news reported the incident. After a friend outed him to the media, Perry became the toast of Chicago. Perry was then recruited by the Chicago Fire Department and is now training to be an emergency medical technician.What does the underlined sentence in paragraph 4 mean?A．Perry landed a job in the Fire Department.B．The city of Chicago awarded Perry a prize.C．People in Chicago toasted Perry for his brave deeds.D．Perry got popular and greatly admired in Chicago.2. （2024·辽宁省大连市滨城高中联盟高三上学期期中（Ⅱ））Peterson has painted 41 of these portraits himself. But there’s more to the finished products than the money they bring to someone down-and-out. He’s discovered that the buyers tend to connect to the story of the person in the painting, finding similarities and often friendship with someone they might have otherwise overlooked or stereotyped (刻板印象).What does the underline sentence mean in the last but one paragraph?A．Peterson still has more portraits to finish.B．The portraits may bring more to the buyers.C．The portraits should be sold at a higher price.D．The buyers tend to donate more money than the portraits’ price.3. （2024·河北省张家口市张垣联盟高三上学期12月阶段测试）Growing up, I was virtually never big on novels. My classmates would be crazy about the latest Harry Potter book, while my copy sat collecting dust on a shelf. Instead, I would choose to read through the reference books related to my disciplines for better grades. After I started graduate school, extracurricular reading didn’t appeal to me at all but I spent most of my time on campus digesting research papers and textbooks and my mind couldn’t handle processing fact-filled nonfiction books at home, too. So I knew that I needed to find a way to enjoy reading again.What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 2 mean?A．The author was always a big fan of reading novels.B．The author lacked enthusiasm for novels from childhood.C．The author never read any books when the author was young.D．The author was occupied in the research papers during school.4. （2024·重庆市梁平区高三上学期第二次调研）According to statistics from the Indonesia n government. Chinese companies’ direct investment in the country reached $8.23 billion in 2022, a year-on-year jump of 160 percent, reaching a record high and ranking as the second-largest source of foreign investment in Indonesia US investment bank Goldman Sachs also forecasted in a report that Indonesia will become the world’s fourth-largest economy by 2050 To turn such rosy prospects into reality. Chinese companies are scrambling to better localize their products, management teams and marketing strategies.Which of the following can replace the underlined sentence?A．To obey Indonesian regulations and policies.B．To better understand the local culture and customs.C．To compete with other foreign  companies operated in Indonesia.D．To increase their market share and appeal to Indonesian consumers.5. （2024·江苏省南京市东山高级中学三校联考高三上学期期中调研）Witness this headline from the New York Times: “The Godfather of A．I. Warns of Danger Ahead.” Here’s another one, from the New York Post: “Ex-Google Exec Mo Gawdat Warns AI Could Create ‘Killing Machines.’” But don’t worry! Here’s more, from CNBC: “An Annual Meeting Attended by the World’s Elite (精英) Has A．I. Top of the Agenda.” These unaccountable, largely unelected rich people are apparently ready to solve the problems of this mad world. The assumption, it appears, is that this “honored” group has it all under control, which is funny given that the crazed AI cat is already miles out of its torn bag. I’ll say it again: What planet am I on?The underlined sentence in paragraph 2 implies that __________.A．we should dismiss AI warnings from expertsB．AI technology has made significant advancementsC．negative impacts of AI have become uncontrollableD．the world is amazed by the rapid development of AI五、高考真题1.[2023·全国甲卷]BTerri Bolton is a dab hand when it comes to DIY (do-it-yourself). Skilled at putting up shelves and piecing together furniture, she never pays someone else to do a job she can do herself. She credits these skills to her late grandfather and builder Derek Lloyd. From the age of six,Terri, now 26, accompanied Derek to work during her school holidays. A day’s work was rewarded with ￡5 in pocket money. She says:“I’m sure I wasn’t much of a help to start with painting the rooms and putting down the flooring throughout the house. It took weeks and was backbreaking work,but I know he was proud of my skills.”Terri, who now rents a house with friends in Wandsworth, South West London, says DIY also saves her from losing any deposit when a tenancy(租期) comes to an end. She adds:“I’ve moved house many times and I always like to personalise my room and put up pictures. So,it’s been useful to know how to cover up holes and repaint a room to avoid any charges when I’ve moved out.” With millions of people likely to take on DIY projects over the coming weeks, new research shows that more than half of people are planning to make the most of the long, warm summer days to get jobs done. The average spend per project will be around ￡823. Two thirds of people aim to improve their comfort while at home. Two fifth wish to increase the value of their house. Though DIY has traditionally been seen as male hobby, the research shows it is women now leading the charge.(　)24.Which is closest in meaning to “a dab hand” in Paragraph 1?A.An artist.B.A winner.C.A specialist.D.A pioneer.2.【2022年新高考全国Ⅱ卷】BWe journalists live in a new age of storytelling, with many new multimedia tools. Many young people don’t even realize it’s new. For them, it’s just normal.This hit home for me as I was sitting with my 2-year-old grandson on a sofa over the Spring Festival holiday. I had brought a children’s book to read. It had simple words and colorful pictures — a perfect match for his age. Picture this: my grandson sitting on my lap as I hold the book in front so he can see the pictures. As I read, he reaches out and pokes (戳) the page with his finger.What’s up with that? He just likes the pictures, I thought. Then I turned the page and continued. He poked the page even harder. I nearly dropped the book. I was confused: Is there something wrong with this kid? Then I realized what was happening. He was actually a stranger to books. His father frequently amused the boy with a tablet computer which was loaded with colorful pictures that come alive when you poke them. He thought my storybook was like that. Sorry, kid. This book is not part of your high-tech world. It’s an outdated, lifeless thing. An antique, like your grandfather. Well, I may be old, but I’m not hopelessly challenged, digitally speaking. I edit video and produce audio. I use mobile payment. I’ve even built websites. There’s one notable gap in my new-media experience, however: I’ve spent little time in front of a camera, since I have a face made for radio. But that didn’t stop China Daily from asking me last week to share a personal story for a video project about the integration of Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei province. Anyway, grandpa is now an internet star — two minutes of fame! I promise not to let it go to my head. But I will make sure my 2-year-old grandson sees it on his tablet.4．What do the underlined words “hit home for me” mean in paragraph 2?A．Provided shelter for me. B．Became very clear to me.C．Took the pressure off me. D．Worked quite well on me.3.C【2022·新高考I卷】The elderly residents (居民) in care homes in London are being given hens to look after to stop them feeling lonely. The project was dreamed up by a local charity (慈善组织) to reduce loneliness and improve elderly people’s wellbeing. It is also being used to help patients suffering dementia, a serious illness of the mind. Staff in care homes have reported a reduction in the use of medicine where hens are in use.Among those taking part in the project is 80-year-old Ruth Xavier. She said: “I used to keep hens when I was younger and had to prepare their breakfast each morning before I went to school. ” “I like the project a lot. I am down there in my wheelchair in the morning letting the hens out and down there again at night to see they’ve gone to bed.”“It’s good to have a different focus. People have been bringing their children in to see the hens and residents come and sit outside to watch them. I’m enjoying the creative activities, and it feels great to have done something useful.”There are now 700 elderly people looking after hens in 20 care homes in the North East, and the charity has been given financial support to roll it out countrywide. Wendy Wilson, extra care manager at 60 Penfold Street, one of the first to embark on the project, said: “Residents really welcome the idea of the project and the creative sessions. We are looking forward to the benefits and fun the project can bring to people here.”Lynn Lewis, director of Notting Hill Pathways, said: “We are happy to be taking part in the project. It will really help connect our residents through a shared interest and creative activities.”8. What is the purpose of the project?A. To ensure harmony in care homes. B. To provide part-time jobs for the aged.C. To raise money for medical research. D. To promote the elderly people’s welfare.9. How has the project affected Ruth Xavier?A. She has learned new life skills. B. She has gained a sense of achievement.C. She has recovered her memory. D. She has developed a strong personality.10. What do the underlined words “embark on” mean in paragraph 7?A. Improve. B. Oppose. C. Begin. D. Evaluate.11. What can we learn about the project from the last two paragraphs?A. It is well received. B. It needs to be more creative.C. It is highly profitable. D. It takes ages to see the results.4.C【2022·全国高考乙卷】Can a small group of drones(无人机)guarantee the safety and reliability of railways and, at the same time, help railway operators save billions of euros each year? That is the very likely future of applying today’s “eyes in the sky” technology to making sure that the millions of kilometres of rail tracks and infrastructure(基础设施)worldwide are safe for trains on a 24/7 basis. Drones are already being used to examine high-tension electrical lines. They could do precisely the same thing to inspect railway lines and other vital aspects of rail infrastructure such as the correct position of railway tracks and switching points. The more regularly they can be inspected, the more railway safety, reliability and on-time performance will be improved. Costs would be cut and operations would be more efficient(高效)across the board. That includes huge savings in maintenance costs and better protection of railway personnel safety. It is calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, often at night, to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure. That can be dangerous work that could be avoided with drones assisting the crews’ efforts. By using the latest technologies, drones could also start providing higher-value services for railways, detecting faults in the rail or switches, before they can cause any safety problems. To perform these tasks, drones for rail don’t need to be flying overhead. Engineers are now working on a new concept: the rail drones of the future. They will be moving on the track ahead of the train, and programmed to run autonomously. Very small drones with advanced sensors and AI and travelling ahead of the train could guide it like a co-pilot. With their ability to see ahead, they could signal any problem, so that fast-moving trains would be able to react in time.8. What makes the application of drones to rail lines possible?A. The use of drones in checking on power lines. B. Drones’ ability to work at high altitudes.C. The reduction of cost in designing drones. D. Drones’ reliable performance in remote areas.9. What does “maintenance” underlined in paragraph 3 refer to?A. Personnel safety. B. Assistance from drones.C. Inspection and repair. D. Construction of infrastructure.10. What function is expected of the rail drones?A. To provide early warning. B. To make trains run automatically.C. To earn profits for the crews. D. To accelerate transportation.11. Which is the most suitable title for the text?A. What Faults Can Be Detected with DronesB. How Production of Drones Can Be ExpandedC. What Difficulty Drone Development Will FaceD. How Drones Will Change the Future of Railways5.2022年1月浙江卷之A篇For nearly a decade now, Merebeth has been a self-employed pet transport specialist. Her pet transport job was born of the financial crisis（危机）in the late 2000s. The downturn hit the real estate （房地产）firm where she had worked for ten years as an office manager. The firm went broke and left her looking for a new job. One day, while driving near her home, she saw a dog wandering on the road, clearly lost. She took it home, and her sister in Denver agreed to take it. This was a loving home for sure, but 1, 600 miles away. It didn't take long for Merebeth to decide to drive the dog there herself. It was her first road trip to her new job. Merebeth's pet delivery service also satisfies her wanderlust. It has taken her to every state in the US except Montana, Washington and Oregon, she says proudly. If she wants to visit a new place, she will simply find a pet with transport needs there. She travels in all weathers. She has driven through 55 mph winds in Wyoming, heavy flooding and storms in Alabama and total whiteout conditions in Kansas. This wanderlust is inherited from her father, she says. She moved their family from Canada to California when she was one year old, because he wanted them to explore a new place together. As soon as she graduated from high school she left home to live on Catalina Island off the Californian coast, away from her parents, where she enjoyed a life of sailing and off-road biking. It turns out that pet transporting pays quite well at about $30 000 per year before tax. She doesn't work in summer, as it would be unpleasantly hot for the animals in the car, even with air conditioning. As autumn comes, she gets restless—the same old wanderlust returning. It's a call she must heed alone, though. Merebeth says, "When I am on the road, I'm just in my own world. I've always been independent-spirited and I just feel strongly that I mush help animals. *'1. Why did Merebeth changed her job?A. She wanted to work near her home.B. She was tired of working in the office.C. Her sister asked her to move to Denver.D. Her former employer was out of business.2. The word "wanderlust" in paragraph 2 means a desire to _________?A. make money. B. try various jobs.C. be close to nature. D. travel to different places.3. What can we learn about Merebeth in her new job?A. She has chances to see rare animals.B. She works hard throughout the year.C. She relies on herself the whole time.D. She earns a basic and tax-free salary.6.2021年全国甲卷之C篇When I was 9, we packed up our home in Los Angeles and arrived at Heathrow, London on a gray January morning. Everyone in the family settled quickly into the city except me. Without my beloved beaches and endless blue—sky days, I felt at a loss and out of place. Until I made a discovery.Southbank, at an eastern bend in the Thames, is the center of British skateboarding, where the continuous crashing of skateboards left your head ringing. I loved it. I soon made friends with the local skaters. We spoke our own language. And my favorite: Safe. Safe meant cool. It meant hello. It meant don't worry about it. Once, when trying a certain trick on the beam（横杆）, I fell onto the stones, damaging a nerve in my hand, and Toby came over, helping me up: Safe, man. Safe. A few minutes later, when I landed the trick, my friends beat their boards loud, shouting: “ Safe! Safe! Safe!” And that's what mattered—landing tricks, being a good skater.When I was 15, my family moved to Washington. I tried skateboarding there, but the locals were far less welcoming. Within a couple of years, I'd given it up.When I returned to London in 2004, I found myself wandering down to Southbank, spending hours there. I've traveled back several times since, most recently this past spring. The day was cold but clear: tourists and Londoners stopped to watch the skaters. Weaving（穿梭）among the kids who rushed by on their boards, I found my way to the beam. Then a rail—thin teenager, in a baggy white T—shirt, skidded（滑）up to the beam. He sat next to me. He seemed not to notice the man next to him. But soon I caught a few of his glances. “I was a local here 20 years ago,” I told him. Then, slowly, he began to nod his head. “Safe, man. Safe.”“Yeah,” I said. “Safe.”8. What can we learn about the author soon after he moved to London?A. He felt disappointed. B. He gave up his hobby.C. He liked the weather there. D. He had disagreements with his family.9. What do the underlined words “Safe! Safe! Safe!” probably mean?A. Be careful! B. Well done! C. No way! D. Don't worry!10. Why did the author like to spend time in Southbank when he returned to London?A. To join the skateboarding. B. To make new friends.C. To learn more tricks. D. To relive his childhood days11. What message does the author seem to convey in the text?A. Children should learn a second language.B Sport is necessary for children's health.C. Children need a sense of belongingD. Seeing the world is a must for children.7.2021年6月浙江卷We live in a town with three beaches. There are two parts less than 10 minutes’ walk from home where neighborhood children gather to play. However, what my children want to do after school is pick up a screen — any screen — and stare at it for hours. They are not alone. Today's children spend an average of four and a half hours a day looking at screens, split between watching television and using the Internet. In the past few years, an increasing number of people and organisations have begun coming up with plans to counter this trend. A couple of years ago film-maker David Bond realised that his children, then aged five and three, were attached to screens to the point where he was able to say “chocolate” into his three-year-old son’s ear without getting a response. He realised that something needed to change, and, being a London media type, appointed himself “marketing director from Nature”. He documented his journey as he set about treating nature as a brand to be marketed to young people. The result was Project Wild Thing, a film which charts the birth of the World Network, a group of organisations with the common goal of getting children out into nature. “Just five more minutes outdoors can make a difference,” David Bond says. “There is a lot of really interesting evidence which seems to be suggesting that if children are inspired up to the age of seven, then being outdoors will be on habit for life.” His own children have got into the habit of playing outside now: “We just send them out into the garden and tell them not to come back in for a while.”Summer is upon us. There is an amazing world out there, and it needs our children as much as they need it. Let us get them out and let them play.4. What is the problem with the author’s children?A. They often annoy their neighbours. B. They are tired of doing their homework.C. They have no friends to play with D. They stay in front of screens for too long.5. How did David Bond advocate his idea?A. By making a documentary film. B. By organizing outdoor activities.C. By advertising in London media. D. By creating a network of friends.6. Which of the following can replace the underlined word “charts” in paragraph 2?A. records B. predicts C. delays D. confirms7. What can be a suitable title for the text?A. Let Children Have Fun B. Young Children Need More Free TimeC. Market Nature to Children D. David Bond: A Role Model for Children8.2020年山东卷之C篇In the mid-1990s, Tom Bissell taught English as a volunteer in Uzbekistan. He left after seven months, physically broken and having lost his mind. A few years later, still attracted to the country, he returned to Uzbekistan to write an article about the disappearance of the Aral Sea.His visit, however, ended up involving a lot more than that. Hence this book, Chasing the Sea: Lost Among the Ghosts of Empire in Central Asia, which talks about a road trip from Tashkent to Karakalpakstan, where millions of lives have been destroyed by the slow drying up of the sea. It is the story of an American travelling to a strange land, and of the people he meets on his way: Rustam, his translator, a lovely 24-year-old who picked up his colorful English in California, Oleg and Natasha, his hosts in Tashkent, and a string of foreign aid workers.This is a quick look at life in Uzbekistan, made of friendliness and warmth, but also its darker side of society. In Samarkand, Mr Bissell admires the architectural wonders, while on his way to Bukhara he gets a taste of police methods when suspected of drug dealing. In Ferghana, he attends a mountain funeral(葬礼)followed by a strange drinking party. And in Karakalpakstan, he is saddened by the dust storms, diseases and fishing boats stuck miles from the sea.Mr Bissell skillfully organizes historical insights and cultural references, making his tale a well-rounded picture of Uzbekistan, seen from Western eyes. His judgment and references are decidedly American, as well as his delicate stomach. As the author explains, this is neither a travel nor a history book, or even a piece of reportage. Whatever it is, the result is a fine and vivid description of the purest of Central Asian traditions.8. What made Mr Bissell return to Uzbekistan?A. His friends' invitation. B. His interest in the country.C. His love for teaching. D. His desire to regain health.9. What does the underlined word “that” in paragraph 2 refer to?A Developing a serious mental disease.B. Taking a guided tour in Central Asia.C. Working as a volunteer in Uzbekistan.D. Writing an article about the Aral Sea.10. Which of the following best describes Mr Bissell's road trip in Uzbekistan?A. Romantic. B. Eventful. C. Pleasant. D. Dangerous.11. What is the purpose of this text?A. To introduce a book. B. To explain a cultural phenomenon.C. To remember a writer. D. To recommend a travel destination.9.2021年新高考I卷之C篇When the explorers first set foot upon the continent of North America, the skies and lands were alive with an astonishing variety of wildlife. Native Americans had taken care of these precious natural resources wisely. Unfortunately, it took the explorers and the settlers who followed only a few decades to decimate a large part of these resources. Millions of waterfowl ( 水 禽 ) were killed at the hands of market hunters and a handful of overly ambitious sportsmen. Millions of acres of wetlands were dried to feed and house the ever-increasing populations, greatly reducing waterfowl habitat.In 1934, with the passage of the Migratory Bird Hunting Stamp Act (Act), an increasingly concerned nation took firm action to stop the destruction of migratory ( 迁徙的) waterfowl and the wetlands so vital to their survival. Under this Act, all waterfowl hunters 16 years of age and over must annually purchase and carry a Federal Duck Stamp. The very first Federal Duck Stamp was designed by J.N. “Ding” Darling, a political cartoonist from Des Moines, lowa, who at that time was appointed by President Franklin Roosevelt as Director of the Bureau of Biological Survey. Hunters willingly pay the stamp price to ensure the survival of our natural resources.About 98 cents of every duck stamp dollar goes directly into the Migratory Bird Conservation Fund to purchase wetlands and wildlife habitat for inclusion into the National Wildlife Refuge System — a fact that ensures this land will be protected and available for all generations to come. Since 1934, better than half a billion dollars has gone into that Fund to purchase more than 5 million acres of habitat. Little wonder the Federal Duck Stamp Program has been called one of the most successful conservation programs ever initiated.28. What was a cause of the waterfowl population decline in North America?A. Loss of wetlands. B. Popularity of water sports.C. Pollution of rivers. D. Arrival of other wild animals.29. What does the underlined word “decimate” mean in the first paragraph?A. Acquire. B. Export.C. Destroy. D. Distribute.30. What is a direct result of the Act passed in 1934?A. The stamp price has gone down. B. The migratory birds have flown away.C. The hunters have stopped hunting. D. The government has collected money.31. Which of the following is a suitable title for the text?A. The Federal Duck Stamp Story B. The National Wildlife Refuge SystemC. The Benefits of Saving Waterfowl D. The History of Migratory Bird Hunting10.2021年全国乙卷之B篇When almost everyone has a mobile phone, why are more than half of Australian homes still paying for a landline（座机）?These days you’d be hard pressed to find anyone in Australia over the age of 15 who doesn’t own a mobile phone. In fact plenty of younger kids have one in their pocket. Practically everyone can make and receive calls anywhere, anytime. Still, 55 percent of Australians have a landline phone at home and only just over a quarter （29%） rely only on their smartphones according to a survey （调查）. Of those Australians who still have a landline, a third concede that it’s not really necessary and they’re keeping it as a security blanket — 19 percent say they never use it while a further 13 percent keep it in case of emergencies. I think my home falls into that category. More than half of Australian homes are still choosing to stick with their home phone. Age is naturally a factor（因素）— only 58 percent of Generation Ys still use landlines now and then, compared to 84 percent of Baby Boomers who’ve perhaps had the same home number for 50 years. Age isn’t the only factor; I’d say it’s also to do with the makeup of your household. Generation Xers with young families, like my wife and I, can still find it convenient to have a home phone rather than providing a mobile phone for every family member. That said, to be honest the only people who ever ring our home phone are our Baby Boomers parents, to the point where we play a game and guess who is calling before we pick up the phone（using Caller ID would take the fun out of it）. How attached are you to your landline? How long until they go the way of gas street lamps and morning milk deliveries?24. What does paragraph 2 mainly tell us about mobile phones?A. Their target users. B. Their wide popularity.C. Their major functions. D. Their complex design.25. What does the underlined word “concede” in paragraph 3 mean?A. Admit. B. Argue.C. Remember. D. Remark.26. What can we say about Baby Boomers?A. They like smartphone games. B. They enjoy guessing callers’ identity.C. They keep using landline phones. D. They are attached to their family.27. What can be inferred about the landline from the last paragraph?A. It remains a family necessity.B. It will fall out of use some day.C. It may increase daily expenses.D. It is as important as the gas light.11.2021年1月浙江卷之C篇Researchers say they have translated the meaning of gestures that wild chimpanzees (黑猩猩) use to communicate. They say wild chimps communicate 19 specific messages to one another with a "vocabulary" of 66 gestures. The scientists discovered this by following and filming groups of chimps in Uganda, and examining more than 5,000 incidents of these meaningful exchanges. Dr Catherine Hobaiter, who led the research, said that this was the only form of intentional communication to be recorded in the animal kingdom. Only humans and chimps, she said, had a system of communication where they deliberately sent a message to another group member. "That's what's so amazing about chimp gestures," she said. "They're the only thing that looks like human language in that respect. ”Although previous research has shown that apes and monkeys can understand complex information from another animal's call, the animals do not appear to use their voices intentionally to communicate messages. This was a significant difference between calls and gestures, Dr Hobaiter said. Chimps will check to see if they have the attention of the animal with which they wish to communicate. In one case, a mother presents her foot to her crying baby, signaling:" Climb on me. " The youngster immediately jumps on to its mothers back and they travel off together. "The big message from this study is that there is another species (物种) out there. that is meaningful in its communication, so that's not unique to humans," said Dr Hobaiter. Dr Susanne Shultz, an evolutionary biologist from the University of Manchester, said the study was praiseworthy in seeking to enrich our knowledge of the evolution of human language. But, she added, the results were "a little disappointing". "The vagueness of the gesture meanings suggests either that the chimps have little to communicate, or we are still missing a lot of the information contained in their gestures and actions," she said. "Moreover, the meanings seem to not go beyond what other animal convey with non-verbal communication. So, it seems the gulf remains. "44．What do chimps and humans have in common according to Dr Hobaiter?A．Memorizing specific words. B．Understanding complex information.C．Using voices to communicate. D．Communicating messages on purpose.45．What did Dr Shultz think of the study?A．It was well designed but poorly conducted.B．It was a good try but the findings were limited.C．It was inspiring but the evidence was unreliable.D．It was a failure but the methods deserved praise.46．What does the underlined word "gulf" in the last paragraph mean?A．Difference. B．Conflict. C．Balance. D．Connection.47．Which of the following is the best title for the text?A．Chimpanzee behaviour study achieved a breakthroughB．Chimpanzees developed specific communication skillsC．Chimpanzees: the smartest species in the animal kingdomD．Chimpanzee language: communication gestures translated12.2020年新课标Ⅰ卷之B篇Returning to a book you’ve read many times can feel like drinks with an old friend. There’s a welcome familiarity - but also sometimes a slight suspicion that time has changed you both, and thus the relationship. But books don’t change, people do. And that’s what makes the act of rereading so rich and transformative.The beauty of rereading lies in the idea that our bond with the work is based on our present mental register. It’s true, the older I get, the more I feel time has wings. But with reading, it’s all about the present. It’s about the now and what one contributes to the now, because reading is a give and take between author and reader. Each has to pull their own weight.There are three books I reread annually The first, which I take to reading every spring is Emest Hemningway’s A Moveable Feast. Published in 1964, it’s his classic memoir of 1920s Paris. The language is almost intoxicating (令人陶醉的)，an aging writer looking back on an ambitious yet simpler time. Another is Annie Dillard’s Holy the Firm, her poetic 1975 ramble (随笔) about everything and nothing. The third book is Julio Cortazar’s Save Twilight: Selected Poems, because poetry. And because Cortazar.While I tend to buy a lot of books, these three were given to me as gifs, which might add to the meaning I attach to them. But I imagine that, while money is indeed wonderful and necessary, rereading an author’s work is the highest currency a reader can pay them. The best books are the ones that open further as time passes. But remember, it’s you that has to grow and read and reread in order to better understand your friends.24. Why does the author like rereading?A. It evaluates the writer-reader relationship.B. It’s a window to a whole new world.C. It’s a substitute for drinking with a friend.D. It extends the understanding of oneself.25. What do we know about the book A Moveable Feas!?A. It’s a brief account of a trip.B. It’s about Hemingway’s life as a young man.C. It’s a record of a historic event.D. It’s about Hemingway’s friends in Paris.26. What does the underlined word ＂currency＂ in paragraph 4 refer to?A. DebtB. Reward.C. Allowance.D. Face value.27. What can we infer about the author from the text?A. He loves poetry.B. He’s an editor.C. He’s very ambitious.D. He teaches reading.13.2020年新课标Ⅱ卷之C篇When you were trying to figure out what to buy for the environmentalist on your holiday list, fur probably didn’t cross your mind. But some ecologists and fashion (时装)enthusiasts are trying to bring back the market for fur made from nutria(海狸鼠).Unusual fashion shows in New Orleans and Brooklyn have(showcased)nutria fur made into clothes in different styles. “It sounds crazy to talk about guilt-free fur-unless you understand that the nutria are destroying vast wetlands every year”, says Cree McCree, project director of Righteous Fur.Scientists in Louisiana were so concerned that they decided to pay hunters $5 a tail. Some of the fur ends up in the fashion shows like the one in Brooklyn last month.Nutria were brought there from Argentina by fur farmers and let go into the wild. “The ecosystem down there can’t handle this non-native species(物种).It’s destroying the environment. It’s them or us.” says Michael Massimi, an expert in this field.The fur trade kept nutria check for decades，but when the market for nutria collapsed in the late 1980s，the cat-sized animals multiplied like crazy.Biologist Edmond Mouton runs the nutria control program for Louisiana. He says it’s not easy to convince people that nutria fur is green, but he has no doubt about it. Hunters bring in more than 300,000 nutria tails a year, so part of Mouton’s job these days is trying to promote fur.Then there’s Righteous Fur and its unusual fashion. Morgan says，”To give people a guilt-free option that they can wear without someone throwing paint on them-1 think that’s going to be a massive thing, at least here in New York.” Designer Jennifer Anderson admits it took her a while to come around to the opinion that using nutria fur for her creations is morally acceptable. She trying to come up with a lable to attach to nutria fashions to show it is eco-friendly.28. What is the purpose of the fashion shows in New Orleans and Brooklyn?A. To promote guilt-free fur.B. To expand the fashion market.C. To introduce a new brand.D. To celebrate a winter holiday.29. Why are scientists concerned about nutria?A. Nutria damage the ecosystem seriously.B. Nutria are an endangered species.C. Nutria hurt local cat-sized animals.D. Nutria are illegally hunted.30. What does the underlined word “collapsed” in paragraph 5 probably mean?A. Boomed. B. Became mature. C. Remained stable. D. Crashed.31. What can we infer abouf wearing fur in New York according to Morgan?A. It’s formal. B. It’s risky. C. It’s harmful. D. It’s traditional.14.2020年山东卷之D篇According to a recent study in the Journal of Consumer Research, both the size and consumption habits of our eating companions can influence our food intake. And contrary to existing research that says you should avoid eating with heavier people who order large portions(份), it's the beanpoles with big appetites you really need to avoid.To test the effect of social influence on eating habits the researchers conducted two experiments. In the first, 95 undergraduate women were individually invited into a lab to ostensibly(表面上)participate in a study about movie viewership. Before the film began, each woman was asked to help herself to a snack. An actor hired by the researchers grabbed her food first. In her natural state, the actor weighed 105 pounds. But in half the cases she wore a specially designed fat suit which increased her weight to 180 pounds.Both the fat and thin versions of the actor took a large amount of food. The participants followed suit, taking more food than they normally would have. However, they took significantly more when the actor was thin.For the second test, in one case the thin actor took two pieces of candy from the snack bowls. In the other case, she took 30 pieces. The results were similar to the first test: the participants followed suit but took significantly more candy when the thin actor took 30 pieces.The tests show that the social environment is extremely influential when we're making decisions. If this fellow participant is going to eat more, so will I. Call it the “I’ll have what she's having” effect. However, we'll adjust the influence. If an overweight person is having a large portion, I'll hold back a bit because I see the results of his eating habits. But if a thin person eats a lot, I'll follow suit. If he can eat much and keep slim, why can't I?12. What is the recent study mainly about?A. Food safety. B. Movie viewership.C. Consumer demand. D. Eating behavior.13. What does the underlined word “beanpoles” in paragraph 1 refer to?A. Big eaters. B. Overweight persons.C. Picky eaters. D. Tall thin persons.14. Why did the researchers hire the actor?A. To see how she would affect the participants.B. To test if the participants could recognize her.C. To find out what she would do in the two tests.D. To study why she could keep her weight down.15. On what basis do we “adjust the influence” according to the last paragraph?A. How hungry we are. B. How slim we want to be.C. How we perceive others. D. How we feel about the food.15.2020年6月浙江卷之B篇The traffic signals along Factoria Boulevard in Bellevue, Washington, generally don't flash the same length of green twice in a row, especially at rush hour. At 9:30am, the full red/yellow/green signal cycle might be 140 seconds. By 9:33am, a burst of additional traffic might push it to 145 seconds. Less traffic at 9:37am could push it down to 135. Just like the traffic itself, the timing of the signals changes.That is by design. Bellevue, a fast-growing city just east of Seattle, uses a system that is gaining popularity around the US: intersection(十字路口) signals that can adjust in real time to traffic conditions. These lights, known as adaptive signals, have led to significant declines in both the trouble and cost of travels between work and home.“Adaptive signals can make sure that the traffic demand that is there is being addressed, ” says Alex Stevanovic, a researcher at Florida Atlantic University.For all of Bellevue’s success, adaptive signals are not a cure-all for jammed roadways. Kevin Balke, a research engineer at the Texas A&M University Transportation Institute, says that while smart lights can be particularly beneficial for some cities, others are so jammed that only a sharp reduction in the number of cars on the road will make a meaningful difference. “It’s not going to fix everything, but adaptive signals have some benefits for smaller cities,” he says.In Bellevue, the switch to adaptive signals has been a lesson in the value of welcoming new approaches. In the past, there was often an automatic reaction to increased traffic: just widen the roads, says Mark Poch, the Bellevue Transportation Department’s traffic engineering manager. Now he hopes that other cities will consider making their streets run smarter instead of just making them bigger.25. What does the underlined word “that” in paragraph 2 refer to?A. Increased length of green lights. B. Shortened traffic signal cycle.C. Flexible timing of traffic signals. D. Smooth traffic flow on the road.26. What does Kevin Balke say about adaptive signals?A. They work better on broad roads.B. They should be used in other cities.C. They have greatly reduced traffic on the road.D. They are less helpful in cities seriously jammed.27. What can we learn from Bellevue’s success?A. It is rewarding to try new things. B. The old methods still work today.C. I pays to put theory into practice. D. The simplest way is the best way.