专题04 阅读理解之猜测词义题（课件）-2024年高考英语二轮复习课件（新教材新高考）

这是一份专题04 阅读理解之猜测词义题（课件）-2024年高考英语二轮复习课件（新教材新高考），共52页。PPT课件主要包含了中考英语二轮复习策略，PART ONE等内容，欢迎下载使用。
1、抓基础、重应用、强化词句的积累和运用。要求学生重视并充分利用每单元学案、课本上的重点词汇、短语和句型，以及每单元的综合训练，认真对其辨析、总结和归纳，查漏补缺，坚持积累，最重要的是能够在合适的语境中正确、灵活地运用。保证课堂高效。2、抓课堂、重效率、要求学生紧跟老师的节奏。一轮复习是将重点知识提炼，容量大，速度快。所以，学生的思路必须时时刻刻跟随着老师的思路，要快速地用脑思，用心听、用嘴说，用手写，才能达到高效。3、抓自习、重过程、增强得分的意识。学案都是在规定的时间内完成，重视规范的做题步骤，重视思考过程。更重要的是，做完题后要对做过的题目进行反思、整理。4、抓阅读、重反思、全面提高成绩。得阅读者得天下。阅读是强化英语思维的最佳途径之一。5、抓时间，重效果，扎实做好每个复习环节。一轮复习时间紧，任务重，需要同学们充分抢抓时间，利用时间，紧跟复习进度。同时，重视复习效果，做到做一件事，有一点收获。
专题04 阅读理解之猜测词义
分析2021-2023年新高考有关猜测词义题的考向分布。
考向1 考查猜测单词意思1.（2023•新高考全国Ⅰ卷·阅读理解C篇节选） The gal f this bk is t make the case fr digital minimalism, including a detailed explratin f what it asks and why it wrks, and then t teach yu hw t adpt this philsphy if yu decide it’s right fr yu. T d s, I divided the bk int tw parts. In part ne, I describe the philsphical fundatins f digital minimalism, starting with an examinatin f the frces that are making s many peple’s digital lives increasingly intlerable,befre mving n t a detailed discussin f the digital minimalism philsphy.
Part ne cncludes by intrducing my suggested methd fr adpting this philsphy: the digital declutter. This prcess requires yu t step away frm ptinal nline activities fr thirty days. At the end f the thirty days, yu will then add back a small number f carefully chsen nline activities that yu believe will prvide massive benefits t the things yu value. (　)29.What des the underlined wrd“declutter” in Paragraph 3 mean?A. Clear-up. B. Add-n. C. Check-in. D. Take-ver.【答案】A　【解析】词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句的下文“This prcess requires yu t step away frm ptinal nline activities fr thirty days.”可知,这个过程要求你在30天内远离可选的在线活动。由此推知,画线词所在句意为“第一部分通过介绍我建议的采用这一哲学的方法:数字清理进行了总结”,因此画线词的含义为“清理”。
2.(2023年1月•浙江卷·阅读理解C篇节选) Brilliant thugh it is, Prject Debater has sme weaknesses. It takes sentences frm its library f dcuments and prebuilt arguments and strings them tgether. This can lead t the kinds f errrs n human wuld make. Such wrinkles will n dubt be irned ut, yet they als pint t a fundamental prblem. As Kristian Hammnd, prfessr f electrical engineering and cmputer science at Nrthwestern University, put it: “There’s never a stage at which the system knws what it’s talking abut.”29．What des the underlined wrd “wrinkles” in paragraph 2 refer t?A．Arguments.B．Dubts.C．Errrs.D．Differences.
【答案】    29．C    【解析】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要介绍的是在辩论中战胜人类的名为Prject Debater的软件程序。29．词句猜测题。根据第二段的“Brilliant thugh it is, Prject Debater has sme weaknesses. It takes sentences frm its library f dcuments and prebuilt arguments and strings them tgether. This can lead t the kinds f errrs n human wuld make.(尽管Prject Debater很聪明，但它也有一些弱点。它从文档库和预先构建的参数中提取句子，并将它们串在一起。这可能会导致人类不会犯的错误。)”和“will n dubt be irned ut(毫无疑问会被解决)”可知，划线词所在句子表示“这样的错误会被纠正，被解决”，划线词wrinkles的意思是“错误”，和errrs意思相近，故选C。
考向2 考查猜测短语的意思1.（2023•新高考全国Ⅱ卷·阅读理解C）In this “bk f bks”, artwrks are selected and arranged in a way that emphasizes these cnnectins between different eras and cultures. We see scenes f children learning t read at hme r at schl, with the bk as a fcus fr relatins between the generatins. Adults are prtrayed (描绘) alne in many settings and pses—absrbed in a vlume, deep in thught r lst in a mment f leisure. These scenes may have been painted hundreds f years ag, but they recrd mments we can all relate t. 
(　)30.What d the underlined wrds “relate t” in Paragraph 2 mean?A. Understand. B. Paint. C. Seize. D. Transfrm.【答案】A　【解析】词义猜测题。根据画线部分前文“These scenes may have been painted hundreds f years ag, but they recrd mments…”可知,这些场景可能是数百年前绘制的,但它们记录了一些我们都能“relate t”的时刻。再根据第二段中的“We see scenes f children learning t …”可推知,这些场景我们都很熟悉,因此也能理解,故画线部分“relate t”意为“理解”。故选A项。
2.（2023年1月•浙江卷·阅读理解B） Live with rmmates? Have friends and family arund yu? Chances are that if yu’re lking t live a mre sustainable lifestyle, nt everyne arund yu will be ready t jump n that bandwagn. I experienced this when I started switching t a zer waste lifestyle five years ag, as I was living with my parents, and I cntinue t experience this with my husband, as he is nt cmpletely zer waste like me. I’ve learned a few things alng the way thugh, which I hpe yu’ll find encuraging if yu’re ding yur best t figure ut hw yu can make the change in a nt-always-supprtive husehld.
24．What d the underlined wrds “jump n that bandwagn” mean in the first paragraph?A．Share an apartment with yu.B．Jin yu in what yu’re ding.C．Transfrm yur way f living.D．Help yu t make the decisin.【答案】24．B   
【解析】猜测短语意思题。根据划线部分前文“Chances are that if yu’re lking t live a mre sustainable lifestyle, nt everyne arund yu will be ready t(如果你想过一种更可持续的生活方式，可能不是你周围的每个人都准备好)”及第二段中的“I’ve learned a few things alng the way thugh, which I hpe yu’ll find encuraging if yu’re ding yur best t figure ut hw yu can make the change in a nt-always-supprtive husehld.(在这个过程中，我学到了一些东西，我希望如果你在一个不总是支持你的家庭中尽最大努力去弄清楚如何做出改变，你会感到鼓舞)”可知，如果你想过一种更可持续的生活方式，可能不是你周围的每个人都准备好加入这一运动。由此推知，划线词组jump n that bandwagn与Jin yu in what yu’re ding.(加入你正在做的事情)意思接近。故选B。
考向3 考查猜测句子的含义（2019•浙江卷·阅读理解C篇） Mney with n strings attached. It’s nt smething yu see every day. But at Unin Statin in Ls Angeles last mnth, a bard went up with dllar bills attached t it with pins and a sign that read, "Give What Yu Can, Take What Yu Need." Peple quickly caught n. And while many tk dllars, many thers pinned their wn cash t the bard. “Peple f all ages, races, and sci-ecnmic(社会经济的)backgrunds gave and tk, ”said Tyler Bridges f The Tlbx, which created the prject. "We even had a bride in her wedding dress cme up t the bard and take a few dllars." Mst f the bills n the bard were singles, but a few peple left fives, tens and even twenties. The vide clip(片段)shws ne man wh had fund a $ 20 bill pinning it t the bard.
“What I can say fr the flks that gave the mst, is that they were full f smiles,” Bridges said. “There’s a certain feeling that giving can d fr yu and that was apparent in thse that gave the mst." Mst peple wh tk dllars tk nly a few, but Bridges said a very small number tk as much as they culd. While the clip might lk like part f a new ad campaign, Bridges said the nly gal was t shw genersity and sympathy. He added that he hpes peple in ther cities might try similar prjects and pst their wn vides n the Internet.
“After all, everyne has bad days and gd days," he said. “Sme days yu need a helping hand and sme days yu can be the ne giving the helping hand.”24. What des the expressin "mney with n strings attached" in paragraph 1 mean?A. Mney spent withut hesitatin.B. Mney nt legally made.C. Mney ffered withut cnditins.D. Mney nt tied tgether.
【答案】C 【文章大意】文章介绍了Tyler Bridges 所发动的一个项目，让有善心的人捐助钱财，让需要的人自取钱财，而这个项目的宗旨就在于让人们能够互相帮助。【解析】句意理解题。根据下文的故事并结合第一段板上写的言语“Give what yu can. Take what yu need”可知，这里的钱是可以随意拿取的，并不附带任何条件，故选C。
考向4 考查猜测代词的意思（2020•新高考Ⅰ卷阅读C•节选）In the mid-1990s, Tm Bissell taught English as a vlunteer in Uzbekistan. He left after seven mnths, physically brken and having lst his mind. A few years later, still attracted t the cuntry, he returned t Uzbekistan t write an article abut the disappearance f the Aral Sea.
His visit, hwever, ended up invlving a lt mre than that．Hence this bk, Chasing the Sea：Lst Amng the Ghsts f Empire in Central Asia, which talks abut a rad trip frm Tashkent t Karakalpakstan, where millins f lives have been destryed by the slw drying up f the sea. It is the stry f an American travelling t a strange land, and f the peple he meets n his way: Rustam, his translatr, a lvely 24-year-ld wh picked up his clrful English in Califrnia, Oleg and Natasha, his hsts in Tashkent, and a string f freign aid wrkers.
9．What des the underlined wrd “that” in paragraph 2 refer t?A．Develping a serius mental disease.B．Taking a guided tur in Central Asia.C．Wrking as a vlunteer in Uzbekistan.D．Writing an article abut the Aral Sea.【答案】D　【解析】考查猜测代词词义。代词that常用来指代上文提到的事情，因此推断此处that指代第一段的内容，再根据Hence this bk, Chasing the Sea：Lst Amng the Ghsts f Empire in Central Asia可知，这本书出现了，因此可以判断“that”指代第一段提到的t write an article abut the disappearance f the Aral Sea, Mr Bissell的本意是写一篇文章，结果却写成了一本书。故选D。
阅读理解之猜测词义考点的必备知识：一、命题规律：1．命题规律：词义猜测题旨在考查考生根据上下文推断单词、短语或句子的本意或外义的能力。2．考查类型：主要考查单词或短语词义猜测题、代词指代题、句意理解题。3．考查趋势：主要考查在一定语境中猜测生僻词汇的意思。
二、 常用的解题方法 1. 如何猜测单词的意思（1）常见的设问方式：①What d the underlined wrds “” mean in paragraph 7?②What des “” underlined in paragraph 3 refer t?③ The wrd "" in paragraph 2 means _________?④What d the underlined wrds “” prbably mean?（2）解题技巧：①“上下文语境”猜词义：根据上下文语境暗示，如下定义、举例、重述等线索，猜测生词含义。②“背景常识”猜词义：利用日常生活和文化背景相关的常识可以准确猜测句中生词的含义。③“逻辑关系”猜词义：利用3种逻辑关系词前后的词语确定画线词含义。
2. 如何猜测代词的意思代词指代题——“就近原则”猜代词在文章中，为了避免语意的重复和啰嗦，常用一些代词指代上文所说的人或事。在平时的学习中，熟悉代词的含义十分重要。在文章的具体语境中常出现的代词有it、this、that、he、them、they、ne、thse等。一般来讲，it/this/that指代一件事it/he/them/they/ne/thse可指代前面内容提到的人或事。（1） 猜测代词意思的设问方式①What des “this” refer t in the secnd paragraph?②What des the underlined “thse” in paragraph 3 refer t?③What des “That” underlined in paragraph 5 prbably mean?
3. 如何猜测短语的含义（1）常见的设问方式：①What d the underlined phrase “” mean in paragraph 2?②Which f the fllwing best explains “” underlined in paragraph 2?③What d the underlined phrase “” mean in paragraph 3?④What d the underlined phrase "" refer t in the last paragraph?（2）解题技巧：猜测短语题要利用出现短语的上文与其意义上的联系或下文进一步的叙述来猜测它的意思或利用文章中所出现的与短语意思相反的内容来猜测其语意。
4. 如何猜测句子的意思（1）常见的设问方式：①The underlined part "" in Para. 2 prbably means ______.②By saying “” in Para. 2, the authr means _______.③What d the wrds “” in paragraph 1 prbably mean?④What des the underlined sentence in the last paragraph mean?（2）解题技巧句意理解题通常需要考生理解的是一个具有概括性的句子或是考查考生对谚语、格言警句等的理解，要求考生通过上下文的情景暗示及文章的主题思想来判断句意，只有紧密结合语境，才能既理解相应的字面意思，也理解相应的深层含义。
【2024年高考命题预测】根据高考考情分析2024年高考将主要考查：（1）猜测单词的意思（2）猜测短语的意思（3）猜测代词的意思（4）猜测句子的意思。
预测考向1 考查猜测单词的意思1.（2024·浙江省金丽衢十二校高三上学期第一次联考·阅读理解B节选）The ne thing that truly makes me feel cmfrtable and alleviates lneliness is making friends and engaging in cnversatin. At Tsinghua University, where I pursued my studies in China, I made friends with many Chinese yung peple and relished spending time with them, be it fr meals r leisure activities. I’ve been delighted t sing Chinese sngs, fr example, thse by the famus Chinese singer Jay Chu, with my friends. I wuld als sing well-knwn Japanese sngs, such as Lemn, which, as it turns ut, is very ppular in China. I felt that cnnecting with my Chinese peers thrugh a shared passin, such as singing, was incredibly enjyable and beautiful. It transcended language barriers and fstered a sense f unity and jy that was truly special.
5．What des the underlined wrd “relished” in Paragraph 2 mean?A．Advcated.B．Enjyed.C．Pstpned.D．Avided.【答案】B【解析】词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“I made friends with many Chinese yung peple and”以及后文“spending time with them, be it fr meals r leisure activities.”可知，作者结交了许多中国年轻人的朋友，并享受与他们一起吃饭或休闲活动的时间。故划线词意思是“享受”。故选B。
2.（2024·浙江省Z20名校第二次联考）Tw days befre schl let ut fr the three-week Christmas hliday, I read a stry t the class. It was the stry f “The Littlest Angel”. This little angel had an awful time in heaven. He culd nt adjust t the rutine. He was always in truble, bumping int ther angels, tripping ver cluds r drpping his hal. Nthing seemed t make his time easier until ne celestial day an archangel suggested that the little angel take sme items with him. Just a few things t remind him f his gd ld days, which might be f sme help. As I read the stry, a cmplete silence fell ver the class as each child became mre invlved in the plight f the angel. Everyne was sympathetic fr his misfrtune, including David.
25．What des the underlined part “the plight” refer t?A．The past time.B．The prmising future.C．The awful situatin.D．The daily rutine.【答案】C【解析】词义猜测题。根据第三段中的“This little angel had an awful time in heaven. He culd nt adjust t the rutine. He was always in truble, bumping int ther angels, tripping ver cluds r drpping his hal.(这个小天使在天堂过得很糟糕。他不能适应这种例行公事。他总是遇到麻烦，撞到其他天使，被云绊倒，或者掉下他的光环。)”可知，小天使在天堂上遇到很多的麻烦，境遇很糟糕，结合划线单词前的“As I read the stry, a cmplete silence fell ver the class as each child became mre invlved in…(当我读到这个故事的时候，全班鸦雀无声，每个孩子都更加关注着……。)”可知，作者读完小天使的故事，孩子们都关注着的应是小天使的“困境”，由此可知，划线单词的意思应与“困境”意义相近。故选C项。
预测考向2 考查猜测短语的含义1.（2024河北省石家庄市普通高中教学质量摸底检测·阅读理解节选）Asch fund that ne-third f real participants gave the same wrng answers as the cnfederates at least half the time. Frty percent gave sme wrng answers, and nly ne-furth gave crrect answers in defiance f the pressure t cnfrm t the wrng answers prvided by the grup. What des the underlined part “in defiance f” in paragraph 6 mean?A．In spite f.B．Fr fear f.C．In respnse t.D．On accunt f.
【答案】A【解析】短语猜测题。根据第六段的“Asch fund that ne-third f real participants gave the same wrng answers as the cnfederates at least half the time. Frty percent gave sme wrng answers (Asch发现，三分之一的真实参与者至少有一半的时间给出了与同伙相同的错误答案。40%的人给出了一些错误的答案)”可知，这是在描述受到压力影响的人给出的答案，再由nly一词可知，接下来谈的应该是不顾压力影响的人给出的答案，因此，划线短语意为“无视，不顾”。故选A。
2.（2024·重庆市南开中学校高三上学期12月期中质量检测·阅读理解节选）Sme parents like my father have the gift f pening drs fr their children. This art f adding dimensins t a child brings the reward: the marvelus mment when the spark bursts int a flame that will burn brightly n its wn ne day. At a Glf Assciatin turnament, a ten-year-ld girl played creditably. “Hw lng have yu been interested in glf?” smene asked. “I gt it fr my ninth birthday,” she said.“ Yur father gave yu a set f clubs?” “N,” she said, “he gave me glf.”What d the underlined wrds “adding dimensins t” in Paragraph 2 mean?A．Setting an example fr.B．Bradening the hrizns f.C．Prviding attentive care fr.D．Narrwing the pssibilities f.
【答案】B【解析】词句猜测题。根据第二段第一句话“Sme parents like my father have the gift f pening drs fr their children. (像我父亲这样的一些父母有为孩子敞开大门的天赋)”以及划线短语后面的句子“the marvelus mment when the spark bursts int a flame that will burn brightly n its wn ne day(当火花爆发成火焰的奇妙时刻，总有一天会自行燃烧)”可知，有些父母在生活中有一种天赋，就是为孩子们敞开大门，开阔他们的视野。给孩子开阔视野就像一簇火花，在将来总有一天会爆发成火焰。所以划线短语的意思为“开阔视野”。故选B。
预测考向3 考查猜测句子的意思1.（2024·浙江省台州市高三上学期第一次教学质量评估·阅读理解D）“As with all things, the secret t managing yur finances like an adult is a cnstant strive fr balance,” Waters says. “Have fun alng the way, but dn’t let the tail wag the dg.”35．What d the underlined wrds “dn’t let the tail wag the dg” in the last paragraph mean?A．Dn’t bite the hand that feeds yu.B．Dn’t put the cart befre the hrse.C．Dn’t d ne thing under the cver f antherD．Dn’t cunt the chicken befre they are hatched.
【答案】B【解析】词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“As with all things, the secret t managing yur finances like an adult is a cnstant strive fr balance(与所有事情一样，像成年人一样管理财务的秘诀是不断努力保持平衡)”可知，沃特斯说与所有事情一样，像成年人一样管理财务的秘诀是不断努力保持平衡。即不影响让财务影响自己的生活，而是应该努力保持财务平衡，即“不要本末倒置”。故划线句意思是“不要本末倒置”。故选B。
2.（2024·浙江省诸暨市高三上学期12月诊断性考试·阅读理解C节选）“Data year ver year des tend t shift. S ne year is nt the be all, end all,” said Matsn. “But what is really imprtant is the trend. And since the baseline f 2018 t 2020, we’re ging in the wrng directin.”29．Hw d yu understand the underlined sentence by Matsn?A．It is nrmal that data changes sharplyB．The assessment is far frm accurate.C．Emphasis shuld be put n the trend.D．T have a clear gal in place matters.
【答案】C【解析】词句猜测题。根据第四段“Data year ver year des tend t shift.”（数据每年都会发生变化。）和“But what is really imprtant is the trend.”（但真正重要的是趋势。）可知，数据每年都会发生变化，所以一年的数据并不重要，真正重要的是趋势，所以应该把重点放在趋势上，故划线句表示“应该把重点放在趋势上”。故选C。
预测考向4 考查猜测代词的意思1.（2024·浙江省9 1高中联盟高三上学期11月期中·阅读理解B节选）“I was in the ICU. I’d been tld I’d be released the next day. The wrst, it seemed, was behind me.” Jake Ryan didn’t knw it at the time, but the wrst was nt ttally behind him. After his pen heart surgery, he was abut t enter a different and difficult jurney n the rad t physical and emtinal recvery.24．What des the underlined wrd “it” in paragraph l refer t?A．That he was sent t the ICU.B．That he had gt past the wrst things.C．That he wuld g thrugh a tugh recvery.D．That he wuld be discharged frm the hspital.
【答案】C【解析】词句猜测题。根据后文“After his pen heart surgery, he was abut t enter a different and difficult jurney n the rad t physical and emtinal recvery.(在他的心脏直视手术后，他即将进入一段不同的、艰难的身体和情感恢复之路)”可知，it代指后文提到的他会经历一段艰难的康复期。故选C项。
2.（2024•广东省江门市高三上学期11月大联考·阅读理解节选）We cannt underestimate the impact lneliness can have n ur physical and mental wellbeing. Accrding t research, lneliness has cmparable health risks t smking 15cigarettes a day, and peple wh feel lnely are mre likely t die earlier and suffer frm heart attacks. Dr. Lalitaa says, “Peple ften say t me, ‘It’s t late t meet new peple as an adult.’ Having human cnnect in can lk different fr each persn, but this can becme a blck, stpping them ging ut, trying new things and cnnecting with new peple. Remember, it is never t late t make gd, meaningful cnnectins.”
What des the underlined wrd “this” in paragraph 4 refer t?A．Lack f appealing reward.B．Dependence n the netwrk.C．The regret fr the passing yuth.D．The idea f being t late fr new relatins.【答案】D
【解析】词句猜测题。根据第四段中“Peple ften say t me, ‘ It’s t late t meet new peple as an adult.’ Having human cnnect in can lk different fr each persn, but this can becme a blck, stpping them ging ut, trying new things and cnnecting with new peple.(“人们经常对我说，‘作为一个成年人，现在结识新朋友已经太晚了。“人与人之间的联系对每个人来说可能看起来都不一样，但这可能会成为一个障碍，阻止他们出门、尝试新事物、与新人交往。”)”可推知，this指人们认为的成年人再去结交人太晚了这一观点。故选D。