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2024高考压轴试卷——英语（全国甲卷）（Word版附解析）
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这是一份2024高考压轴试卷——英语（全国甲卷）（Word版附解析），文件包含2024高考压轴卷英语全国甲卷Word版含解析docx、2024高考压轴卷英语全国甲卷英语听力mp3等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共30页， 欢迎下载使用。
第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分）
做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节 （共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）
听下面5段对话，每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
例: Hw much is the shirt?
A. £19.15. B. £9.18. C. £9.15.
答案是C。
1. When des the rainy seasn start?
A. In January. B. In February. C. In Nvember.
2. Hw des the wman’s fd taste?
A. Salty. B. Ht. C. Sweet.
3. What is the relatinship between the speakers?
A. Teacher and student. B. Father and daughter. C. Schl friends.
4. Which rm has the man finished decrating?
A. The bathrm. B. The kitchen. C. The living rm.
5. What des the wman prbably d?
A. A dctr. B. A cach. C. An athlete.
第二节 （共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听下面一段对话，回答第6和第7两个小题。
6. What des Miyak want t d?
A. Make a call. B. Send a card. C. Hld a party.
7. What is the man ding?
A. Making an aplgy. B. Giving an explanatin. C. Sharing an experience.
听下面一段对话，回答第8至第10三个小题。
8. What did David d last night?
A. He played vlleyball. B. He watched televisin. C. He read the newspaper.
9. What time will the match n Saturday afternn start?
A. At 2:30. B. At 3:00. C. At 3:30.
10. What will Lisa d first?
A. Talk with her mm. B. Give David a call. C. Take a pian lessn.
听下面一段对话，回答第11至第13三个小题。
11. Where did the man mst prbably lse his phne?
A. In a restaurant. B. At the wrkplace. C. On the undergrund.
12. What will the man d befre five ’clck?
A. Meet the wman. B. Buy a new phne. C. Make a call t the bank.
13. Hw des the man feel in the end?
A. Surprised. B. Grateful. C. Dubtful.
听下面一段对话，回答第14至第16三个小题。
14. What des the man say abut his ffice?
A. His ffice is richly decrated.
B. He has used this ffice fr a week.
C. His ffice space is spacius enugh.
15. Why des the man need a web camera fr his cmputer?
A. T recrd his trip next week.
B. T cllect cst-effective web cameras.
C. T cmmunicate with verseas schlars.
16. What are the speakers mainly talking abut?
A. Hw t chse an ffice chair.
B. Hw t prepare fr an nline meeting.
C. Hw t imprve Prfessr White’s ffice.
听下面一段独白，回答第17至第20四个小题。
17. What des the speaker fcus n?
A. What curses the cllege ffers.
B. Why tday’s students need exercise.
C. Hw tday’s students spend their mney.
18. What des Sarah spend less mney n?
A. Transprt. B. Fd. C. Clthes.
19. Wh lves cycling?
A. Clin. B. Jack. C. Sarah.
20. Hw des Diana get her mney?
A. By selling a lt f bks.
B. By asking her parents fr it.
C. By selling clthes made n her wn.
\第二部分：阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2分，满分30分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Beaumnt Hspital is prud f its reputatin natinally and internatinally as an academic teaching hspital prviding excellence in patient care, medical educatin, innvatin and research. Our aim is t deliver the highest quality f care t ur patients, excellent training t ur students and a friendly and prfessinal envirnment fr ur staff.
Psitin Summary
The Chief Executive Officer (CEO) is respnsible fr driving the verall strategic directin, peratins and perfrmance f Beaumnt Hspital, and its related services and resurces, within plicy directins laid dwn by the Hspital Bard and the Department f Health/HSE t deliver effective and efficient patient care.
This is a crucial leadership rle respnsible fr driving strategic grwth initiatives and prviding strategic versight, supprt and clear leadership t the Executive Management Team within Beaumnt Hspital. The Hspital is in the prcess f develping a new 5-Year Strategic Plan. The successful candidate will carry ut the agreed visin fr the future f Beaumnt Hspital, maintain the Hspital’s cmmitment t delivering patient-centred care t the highest standards f clinical practice, healthcare educatin, research, and innvatin, and prmte an rganizatinal culture that is pen t, and empwers innvatin, creativity and learning in a clinical setting.
Infrmal Cnfidential inquiries t:
Ms Pauline Philip Chair, Beaumnt Hspital Bard
Tel: ＋353 (1) 7974260
Interested candidates shuld apply by sending their CV and cver letter t:
Mr Jhn Pepper, Human Resurces Department
Beaumnt Hspital, Dublin 9 Ireland
Email: hrdirectr@beaumnt.ie
Fr a mre detailed jb descriptin brchure please access
Clsing date: 4th December 2023.
Interviews will be held befre the end f December, 2023.
1. What is the CEO f Beaumnt Hspital primarily in charge f?
A. Making a new 5-Year Plan.B. Managing the Hspital Bard.
C. Guiding the strategic directin.D. Laying dwn plicy directins.
2. T whm can candidates make certain inquiries?
A. Ms Pauline Philip.B. The HR directr.C. Mr Jhn Pepper.D. The Chief Executive Officer.
3. In which sectin f a newspaper des this text prbably appear?
A. Clud Hspital Services.B. Medical Guidance.
C. Medical Expert Clumn.D. Career Opprtunities.
B
In her latest gardening stry, Jessica Damian tells f the garden pests and diseases she has seen in her plants. She suggests acting quickly when dealing with these issues, as they can rapidly spread and cause significant damage t plant health and grwth.
Her measure always begins with the gentlest treatment pssible. She nly intensifies her treatments when necessary. Even then, she has her limits. Damian says she wuld rather lse a flwer r vegetable plant than use strng chemicals. In the case f her tmat plants, Damian caught the aphids, a pest, early. She washed them ff and remved the nes that wuld nt cme ff by using her fingers under mving water.
Had the invasin been severe r the water and finger remval methd been ineffective, she wuld have used Neem il. This rganic il frm Neem tree seeds, kills aphids and is safe fr plants that will be cnsumed. Hwever, she wuld apply it after sunset when helpful insects are less active.
On the same day, Damian als fund scarlet lily beetles n her Asiatic lily plants. They cver themselves in waste. This makes them less appealing t thse that wuld want t eat them. But the cating als prtects them frm chemicals, making them difficult t remve. T fight against them, she physically tapped the beetles int a mixture f water, sap, vinegar, r husehld cleaners.
Her rhddendrn, a flwering plant, gt attacked by a pest called azalea bark scale last summer. When she nticed the return f these white insects this year, she immediately remved the infested leaves. Fr the remaining leaves with a few pests, she was able t remve them by tuching each insect with sme rubbing alchl.
By wrking early, Damian slwed r stpped infestatins that culd have killed her plants. The same wuld be true fr diseases, many f which als respnd better t early treatments.
4. What des Jessica d with garden pests initially?
A. Act quickly with chemicals.B. Try t remve them manually.
C. Get rid f the plants with them.D. Allw them t spread naturally.
5. When will Jessica use Neem il t cntrl aphids?
A. They appear n her plants.B. She ntices sme signs f them.
C. Helpful insects disappear.D. Her manual methd desn’t wrk.
6. What is the purpse f Jessica’s stry?
A. T infrm readers abut types f garden pests and diseases.
B. T encurage readers t use rganic methds fr pest cntrl.
C. T share her persnal experience with garden pests and diseases.
D T warn readers abut the dangers f using strng chemicals n plants.
7. What can be inferred frm Jessica’s gardening practice?
A. Leaving the pests unattended helps her garden recver.
B. Remving all her plants t fight against pests wrks best.
C. Using strng chemicals as early as pssible functins best.
D. Handling garden pests and diseases early turns ut effective.
C
In the U.S., a recent trend shws a grwing demand fr natural wine, which attaches imprtance t minimal prcessing and ec-friendliness. Hwever, IWSR Drinks Market Analysis indicates that these wines still make up less than ne percent f sales in 2021. Despite a general decline in wine buyers since 2015, demand fr natural wines is n the rise at a significant pace, as said by Drizly, an nline alchl delivery service.
Natural wines typically use rganic grapes, aviding chemicals fr pest and weed cntrl. Traditinal methds like ft treading (踩) are smetimes emplyed fr crushing grapes. Afterwards, the crushed grapes ferment (发酵) naturally. Manufacturers dn’t add water, yeast r ther substances. There are sme exceptins. Sme natural winemakers add extra sulfites fr preservatin. Others clarify the wine t get rid f any small piece that culd make it lk cludy, resulting in the earthy and unique flavr.
Hwever, the market faces barriers due t a lack f set definitins fr natural wine, creating cnfusin and marketing challenges. As Prfessr Anita Oberhlster frm UC Davis suggests, defining “natural wine” culd help its grwth. Yet, industry pinins vary n regulatin: while sme supprt fficial guidelines, thers, like Jhn Keller f Neu Cellars, wrry abut higher csts invlved with certificatin.
CEO f Vinvest, Anthny Zhang sees anther prblem. Sme wine cmpanies are prfiting using labeling cntent like imagery that suggests their wine making is natural when they are nt. The Eurpean Unin has taken measures t stp this by requiring wines sld in its markets t list all cntained substances, starting December. It’s expected that the U.S. may sn adpt similar regulatins, increasing transparency fr cnsumers. With these advancements, buyers may sn be able t make mre infrmed purchases.
8. Why des the demand fr natural wine grw?
A. Its flavr is better than ther wines’.B. Cnsumers’ preference has changed.
C. Drizly has started its nline delivery.D. Its prductin prcess is ec-friendly.
9. What des the underlined wrd in Paragraph 2 mean?
A. natural flavrsB. special grapesC. chemical cmpundsD. wine cntainers
10. What’s Jhn Keller’s cncern?
A. Decreased demand fr natural wines.B. The ptential rise in prductin csts.
C. Changes in the taste f natural wines.D. Lss f mdern wine-making methds.
11. Which f the fllwing is the best title fr the passage?
A. Old Ways f Making Wine Gain New Fans
B. Mre Cmpanies Admire Natural Elements
C. New Ways t Imprve Natural Wine’s Flavr
D. Mre Strategies t Prmte Natural Wine Well
D
Air pllutin remains a critical health risk in the Eurpean Unin, claiming ver 500,000 lives in 2021, with findings suggesting nearly half f these culd have been prevented if pllutin were reduced t levels recmmended by health experts. Data frm the Eurpean Envirnment Agency (EEA) shw that f these deaths, 253,000 were linked t expsure t fine particulate matter (PM2.5) ging beynd the Wrld Health Organizatin’s (WHO) guideline limit f 5 micrgrams per cubic meter. These particles are especially dangerus as they can pass int the bldstream and affect varius rgans. Nitrgen dixide and zne als cntributed t the mrtality (死亡频率) statistics, assciated with 52,000 and 22,000 deaths respectively. The EU’s envirnment cmmissiner, Virginijus Sinkevicius, underlined that air pllutin pses the tp envirnmental health risk in the EU. Nevertheless, there is evidence f imprvement, with deaths frm PM2.5 decreasing by 41% between 2005 and 2021, and the EU targets a reductin f 55% by 2030.
In respnse t these cncerns, the WHO, which updated its air quality guidelines in 2021, warns that n level f air pllutin can be cnsidered safe but has set upper limits fr certain pllutants. The Eurpean Parliament vte t bring the EU’s air quality standards in line with the WHO but decided t delay ding s until 2035.
Sinkevicius said that air quality is indeed imprving due t effective clean air plicies. Beynd death cunts, the EEA als assessed air pllutin’s brader impact n diseases such as asthma, chrnic bstructive pulmnary disease, and diabetes, stressing nt nly mrtality but the quality f life impacts. EEA researcher Albert Gnzalez Ortiz pinted t severe disability states caused by these cnditins, wrsened by air pllutin.
The EEA’s cmprehensive apprach shws that while the fight against air pllutin has seen prgress, immediate actin is still critical t reduce pllutin and reduce its widespread effects n public health.
12. Why des the authr mentin specific figures in Paragraph 1?
A. T stress the risk f PM2.5 in the EU.B. T illustrate the impact f air pllutin.
C. T prve the imprvement in air pllutin.D. T shw the guidelines f EEA lse cntrl.
13. What did the WHO d fr the cncerns?
A. It adjusted air quality standards accrdingly.
B. It didn’t perfrm the new limits until 2035.
C. It claimed current pllutin levels were relatively safe.
D. It decided t change the guidelines cmpletely.
14 Hw did Sinkevicius feel abut the air quality in the text?
A. Cncerned abut its plicies.B. Indifferent due t its level.
C. Uncertain abut its impact.D. Optimistic abut its prgress.
15. What is the main fcus f the passage?
A. The impact f wise decisins n air pllutin in the EU.
B. The specific health cnditins wrsened by air pllutin.
C. The prgress and challenges in dealing with air pllutin.
D. The rle f the WHO in establishing glbal health plicies.
第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，满分10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。
If yu understand the fable f the frg in the biling water, it is time t learn hw t avid becming the frg and make psitive changes s that yu can succeed and live yur dream life. Here are a few tips yu can fllw.
____16____ Yu dn’t want t g thrugh every day withut having a clear directin. The first thing yu want t d t create a better future is t identify what kind f future yu desire. Once yu have a clear directin, yu can run as fast as yu can t get there.
Make a plan and wrk n it every day. Besides knwing what yu want, yu need t als knw what yu need t d t get there. ____17____ Every ne f us wants t have a better future, but mst peple dn’t knw what t d t get there. This is why having a plan is imprtant. Once yu have a plan, all yu need t d is stick t yur plan and take massive actin.
Take cnsistent actin. Identifying yur gals and knwing yur plan is just a fundatin step t achieving the success yu want. Yu als need t take actin and wrk n yur gals if yu want t achieve them. ____18____
Imprve yurself regularly. Just like yur phne, yu update yur mbile phne frm time t time s that the sftware is the latest. ____19____ Cnstantly update and imprve yurself s that yu can perfrm at yur best. If yu want t be financially rich, yu can’t just d nthing abut yur finances. ____20____ Yu need t learn hw t manage yur wealth t.
Always remember the stry f the frg in the biling water. And fllw the tips I shared abut t “hedge” yurself against the impact f gradual changes.
A. Create yur future tday, nt tmrrw.
B. Yu need t track, plan, invest, and save.
C. Yu need t d the same t yurself.
D. Set a gal and never turn aside alng the way.
E. Therefre, create an actin plan fr yur gal.
F. Aviding being “cked” in an envirnment matters.
G. Yu can’t think abut yur dream, just praying ver there.
第三部分 语言知识运用(共两节, 满分45分)
第一节 完形填空(共20小题;每小题1. 5分, 满分30分)
阅读下面短文, 从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
I was 11 when I left Ls Angeles fr the first time. My mther, wanting t ____21____ my recvery frm flu, ____22____ us t Ysemite Natinal Park. It’s mre than seven decades, but I still remember ur car ____23____ frm the nearly mile-lng Wawna Tunnel (隧道) and seeing the famus landscape. I knew immediately I was smewhere ____24____Once I had my wn family, I drve my children t ____25____ natinal parks themselves. One f the ____26____ spts was Chac, a canyn (峡谷) in the American Suthwest. Within Chac, we culd explre the ____27____ f an ancient civilizatin that existed lng befre Eurpeans ____28____ this cntinent.
We were ____29____ t the histry f the area, where we’d learn hw Chac’s famus ancient structures _____30_____acrss the desert landscape, a place t which many cmmunities still _____31_____ cnnectins tday. Stepping n the same paths thers walked ver a thusand years ag t reach the _____32_____ f their wrld, yu feel yur cnnectin t the land. Smetimes, I wnder what they’d think if they culd lk _____33_____ in time and see hw we’ve treated the natural wrld.
_____34_____, the landscapes arund Chac have lng been _____35_____ fr il and gas drilling that will _____36_____ what was nce the center f an ancient civilizatin. This is why the gvernment’s recent decisin t prtect it is s _____37_____. Ancient peple wuld travel lng t reach this cultural center, which has left behind mysteries that cntinue t _____38_____ us. While I am thankful Chac Canyn will get the _____39_____ it deserves, we must d better in preserving the lands.
Even as an 11-year-ld at Ysemite, I knew _____40_____ I was smewhere special, and I still get that feeling t this day every time I visit Chac Canyn.
21. A. prveB. celebrateC. ensureD. speed
22 A. drveB. ledC. rushedD. dragged
23. A. sufferingB. hidingC. emergingD. starting
24. A. remteB. famusC. specialD. mysterius
25. A. preserveB. cleanC. designD. experience
26. A. favriteB. cnvenientC. crwdedD. suitable
27. A. landscapeB. parksC. remainsD. success
28. A. made use fB. gt rid fC. paid attentin tD. set ft n
29. A. cmmittedB. drawnC. accustmedD. assigned
30. A. cameB. gtC. wentD. spread
31 A. ignreB. imagineC. suspectD. maintain
32. A. destinatinB. centerC. edgeD. tp
33. A. backB. arundC. frwardD. ut
34. A. NaturallyB. UnfrtunatelyC. JyfullyD. Accidentally
35. A. targetedB. meantC. exchangedD. knwn
36. A. restreB. discverC. shelterD. damage
37. A. significantB. surprisingC. effectiveD. apparent
38. A. frightenB. amuseC. cnfuseD. disappint
39. A. reputatinB. prtectinC. rewardD. attentin
40. A. immediatelyB. graduallyC. basicallyD. prbably
第II卷(50分)
注意事项：用0. 5毫米黑色笔迹的签字笔将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。
第三部分 语言知识运用
第二节(共10小题;每小题1. 5分, 满分15分)
阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Keju was an essential part f the Chinese gvernment administratin frm its funding in the Sui Dynasty until it was ablished in 1905. It was a methd t elect the talented t the gvernment ____41____ (ffice) psts in ancient China.
Examinatins were held at fur levels. At the first three levels, candidates ____42____ (test) n their knwledge f the Cnfucian classics, and their ability ____43____ (cmpse) pems n given subjects. At the final level, als called the palace examinatin, candidates needed t shw ____44____ they analyzed cntemprary plitical prblems. Individuals wh succeeded in this exam were raised t the level f Jinshi.
____45____ success rate in Keju was lw: nly abut tw percent in the Tang Dynasty. Many candidates experienced ____46____ (repeat) failures, and sme cntinued taking exams even when they became ld, gray-haired men.
____47____(general), any male adult, regardless f his wealth r scial status, culd becme a high-ranking civil servant thrugh Keju. There are many examples in Chinese histry f thse wh mved frm a lw scial status t plitical ____48____ (celebrity) thrugh success in Keju.
Keju served as a mdel ____49____ the civil-service systems in ther Asian and Western cuntries, such as Krea and Japan. In the late 19th centuries, the _____50_____ (admit) t the British civil service administratin depended n success in an examinatin in classical studies.
第四部分：写作(共两节，满分35分)
第一节 短文改错(共10小题，每小题1分，满分10分)
51. 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。
修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2. 只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
Tday, I’d like t share yu smething abut my sister whm inspires me a lt. She has always been my rle mdels due t her determinatin.
My sister, currently in cllege pursuing her dream f becming a dctr, have faced numerus bstacles alng the way. Therefre, never did she let these setbacks discurage her. Instead, she turned it int stepping stnes fr success. Her determinatin t achieve her gals has taught me the greatly imprtance f never giving up.
Additinally, my sister’s ability t find slutins t any prblem inspires me deeply. And her apprach t vercme challenges with a smile reminds me f that a psitive mindset can vercme any difficulty.
In cnclusin, inspiring by her stry, I will try t fllw in her ftsteps and achieve my wn dreams with the same level f determinatin.
第二节 书面表达(满分25分)
52. 你校英语园地正在征集关于友谊的英语文章。请从下面两个观点中，选择一个，写一篇英语文章投稿。观点如下：
1. The mre friends yu have, the happier yu’ll be.
2. Having a few true friends is enugh.
注意：1. 字数100词左右；
2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
KS5U2024 全国甲卷压轴卷
英 语
参考答案和解析
第一部分 听力（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）
1～5：CBBAA 6～10：ABBCA 11～15：AABCC 16～20：CCBAC
第二部分：阅读理解
第一节A
【答案】1. C 2. A 3. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇应用文。主要介绍了博蒙特医院的岗位招募通知以及职位概要。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“The Chief Executive Officer (CEO) is respnsible fr driving the verall strategic directin, peratins and perfrmance f Beaumnt Hspital, and its related services and resurces, within plicy directins laid dwn by the Hspital Bard and the Department f Health/HSE t deliver effective and efficient patient care.”（首席执行官（CEO）负责推动博蒙特医院的整体战略方向、运营和绩效，以及在医院董事会和卫生部/HSE制定的政策指导下，为患者提供有效和高效的护理。）可知，博蒙特医院的首席执行官主要负责引导战略方向。故选C项。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章下面的列单信息中“Infrmal Cnfidential inquiries t: Ms Pauline Philip, Chair, Beaumnt Hspital Bard”（非正式保密询问：Pauline Philip女士，博蒙特医院董事会主席）可知，候选人可以向Pauline Philip女士询问某些问题。故选A项。
【3题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章大意以及Psitin Summary（职位概要）和列单信息中“Interested candidates shuld apply by sending their CV and cver letter t: Mr Jhn Pepper, Human Resurces Department”（有意者可将简历及求职信寄至：人力资源部的Jhn Pepper先生）可知，文章主要介绍了博蒙特医院的岗位招募通知以及职位概要。由此可推知，这篇文章可能出现在报纸职业机会这个版面。故选D项。
第一节B
【答案】4. B 5. D 6. C 7. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。短文分享了Jessica Damian 对花园病虫害的亲身经历。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“In the case f her tmat plants, Damian caught the aphids, a pest, early.”（在种植番茄的过程中，达米亚诺很早就捕获了一种害虫蚜虫）和第三段“Had the invasin been severe r the water and finger remval methd been ineffective, she wuld have used Neem il.”（如果入侵严重，或者水和手指去除方法无效，她会使用印楝油。）可知，Jessica最初对花园害虫是手动清除。故选B项。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“Had the invasin been severe r the water and finger remval methd been ineffective, she wuld have used Neem il.”（如果入侵严重，或者水和手指去除方法无效，她会使用印楝油。）可知，手动方法不起作用，会用印楝油清理蚜虫。故选D项。
【6题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“In her latest gardening stry, Jessica Damian tells f the garden pests and diseases she has seen in her plants. She suggests acting quickly when dealing with these issues, as they can rapidly spread and cause significant damage t plant health and grwth.”（在她最新的园艺故事中，杰西卡·达米亚诺讲述了她在花园植物中看到的害虫和疾病。她建议在处理这些问题时迅速采取行动，因为它们可以迅速传播并对植物健康和生长造成重大损害。）以及下文她对花园病虫害的亲身经历推知，作者的目的是分享她对花园病虫害的亲身经历。故选C项。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“By wrking early, Damian slwed r stpped infestatins that culd have killed her plants. The same wuld be true fr diseases, many f which als respnd better t early treatments.”（通过提早工作，达米亚诺减缓或阻止了可能导致植物死亡的虫害。疾病也是如此，其中许多疾病对早期治疗也有更好的反应）可知，及早处理花园病虫害是有效的。故选D项。
第一节C
【答案】8. D 9. C 10. B 11. A
【解析】
【导语】本文为一篇说明文，文章主要讲述了最近的一个趋势表明，对天然葡萄酒的需求越来越大，这也导致了一些市场出现假的天然葡萄酒，购买者需要明智地选择。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第一段“In the U.S., a recent trend shws a grwing demand fr natural wine, which attaches imprtance t minimal prcessing and ec-friendliness.(在美国，最近的一项趋势表明，对天然葡萄酒的需求越来越大，这种葡萄酒重视最低限度的加工和生态友好。)”可知，对天然葡萄酒的需求增大是因为天然葡萄酒重视最低限度的加工和生态友好，故其生产过程是生态友好型的，故选D。
【9题详解】
词句猜测题。根据划线词sulfites前文“Manufacturers dn’t add water, yeast r ther substances. There are sme exceptins.(制造商不添加水、酵母和其他物质。也有一些例外。)”可知，前文提到也有例外的制造商会加东西，且根据划线词后文“fr preservatin(为了保存)”可知，添加的东西是为了葡萄酒的保存，故划线词与C项“化学成分”意思相近，制造商会添加化学成分从而更好地保存葡萄酒，故选C。
【10题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段“Yet, industry pinins vary n regulatin: while sme supprt fficial guidelines, thers, like Jhn Keller f Neu Cellars, wrry abut higher csts invlved with certificatin.(然而，关于监管的看法各不相同：尽管一些人支持官方指导，但其他人，比如说Neu Cellars的Jhn Keller，担心更高的认证成本。)”可知，担心认证成本会变得更高，从而导致更高的生产成本，故选B。
【11题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“In the U.S., a recent trend shws a grwing demand fr natural wine, which attaches imprtance t minimal prcessing and ec-friendliness.(在美国，最近的一项趋势表明，对天然葡萄酒的需求越来越大，这种葡萄酒重视最低限度的加工和生态友好。)”以及下文的讲述可知，本文介绍了最近的一个趋势表明，以传统方式，天然制造出来的天然葡萄酒在美国的需求越来越大，故A项“传统的制酒方式获得了新的粉丝”符合文章标题，故选A。
第一节D
【答案】12. B 13. A 14. D 15. C
【解析】
【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了研究结果表明，降低污染可以预防因空气污染而夺去的生命。
【12题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Air pllutin remains a critical health risk in the Eurpean Unin, claiming ver 500,000 lives in 2021, with findings suggesting nearly half f these culd have been prevented if pllutin were reduced t levels recmmended by health experts. Data frm the Eurpean Envirnment Agency (EEA) shw that f these deaths, 253,000 were linked t expsure t fine particulate matter (PM2.5) ging beynd the Wrld Health Organizatin’s (WHO) guideline limit f 5 micrgrams per cubic meter. Nitrgen dixide and zne als cntributed t the mrtality (死亡频率) statistics, assciated with 52,000 and 22,000 deaths respectively. (空气污染仍然是欧盟的一个关键健康风险，2012年夺走了50多万人的生命，研究结果表明，如果污染降至卫生专家建议的水平，其中近一半是可以预防的。欧洲环境署的数据显示，在这些死亡病例中，25.3万例与细颗粒物接触有关，超过了世界卫生组织每立方米5微克的限制。二氧化氮和臭氧也造成了死亡，分别有5.2万人和2.2万人死去。)”可知，这些数字都表明了空气污染夺去了很多人的生命，故其证明了空气污染带来的影响，故选B。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第二段“In respnse t these cncerns, the WHO, which updated its air quality guidelines in 2021, warns that n level f air pllutin can be cnsidered safe but has set upper limits fr certain pllutants.(为了回应这些担忧，世界卫生组织在2021年更新了其空气质量指南，并警告说，任何空气污染水平都不能认为是安全的，但对某些污染物设定了上限。)”可知，为了回应这些担忧，世界卫生组织更新了空气质量指南，故选A。
【14题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Sinkevicius said that air quality is indeed imprving due t effective clean air plicies.( Sinkevicius说道，因为有效的清洁空气政策，空气质量的确在改善。)”可知，Sinkevicius认为有效的政策的确促使空气质量的改善，故他对空气质量是持有积极乐观的态度，认为随着政策的进行，空气质量会越来越好，故选D。
【15题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文，并根据文章最后一段“The EEA’s cmprehensive apprach shws that while the fight against air pllutin has seen prgress, immediate actin is still critical t reduce pllutin and reduce its widespread effects n public health.(欧洲经济区的综合方法表明，尽管与空气污染的斗争取得了进展，但立即采取行动对于减少污染和减少其对公众健康的广泛影响仍然至关重要。)”的总结可知，本文主要介绍了应对空气污染取得了一定的进展，但却仍然面对着巨大的挑战，故选C。
第二节
【答案】16. D 17. E 18. G 19. C 20. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了一些可以让你成功并过上你梦想的生活的建议和方法。
【16题详解】
由该题为段落小标题可知，为总结该段内容。该段下文“Yu dn’t want t g thrugh every day withut having a clear directin. The first thing yu want t d t create a better future is t identify what kind f future yu desire. Once yu have a clear directin, yu can run as fast as yu can t get there.”（你不想每天都没有一个明确的方向。为了创造一个更美好的未来，你要做的第一件事就是确定你想要什么样的未来。一旦你有了明确的方向，你就可以尽可能快地跑到那里。）可知，主要讲的是你要做的第一件事就是确定你想要什么样的未来。结合选项D项Set a gal and never turn aside alng the way.（设定一个目标，在前进的道路上永不偏离。）意思一致，为总结该段内容。故选D项。
【17题详解】
根据该段标题“Make a plan and wrk n it every day.”（制定一个计划，每天都为之努力。）以及上文“Besides knwing what yu want, yu need t als knw what yu need t d t get there.”（除了知道你想要什么，你还需要知道你需要做什么才能达到目标。）提到你需要知道你需要做什么才能达到目标。结合选项E项Therefre, create an actin plan fr yur gal.（因此，为你的目标制定一个行动计划。）可知，和该段标题意思一致，呼应标题，同时引起下文，上下文语意连贯。故选E项。
【18题详解】
根据上文“Yu als need t take actin and wrk n yur gals if yu want t achieve them.”（如果你想实现你的目标，你也需要采取行动和努力。）可知，提到你需要采取行动和努力。结合选项G项Yu can’t think abut yur dream, just praying ver there.（你不能想着你的梦想，只能在那里祈祷。）可知，承接上文内容，为对上文内容的语意递进，上下文紧密连接，符合语境。故选G项。
【19题详解】
根据上文“Just like yur phne, yu update yur mbile phne frm time t time s that the sftware is the latest.”（就像你的手机一样，你不时地更新你的手机，以便软件是最新的。）提到不时地更新你的手机。以及下文“Cnstantly update and imprve yurself s that yu can perfrm at yur best.”（不断更新和提高自己，这样你就能发挥出最好的水平。）提到更新和提高自己的好处。结合选项C项Yu need t d the same t yurself.（你也要对自己做同样的事。）可知，和上下文内容相关，起到上下文的承上启下作用，上下文语意连贯。故选C项。
【20题详解】
根据上文“If yu want t be financially rich, yu can’t just d nthing abut yur finances.”（如果你想在经济上富有，你不能对你的财务状况什么都不做。）提到财务状况的情况，由此可推知，空格处内容应为具体的管理财务的做法。以及下文“Yu need t learn hw t manage yur wealth t.”（你也需要学习如何管理你的财富。）结合选项B项Yu need t track, plan, invest, and save.（你需要跟踪、计划、投资和储蓄。）符合此推断，同时引起下文，上下文语意连贯。故选B项。
第三部分：语言知识运用
第一节 完形填空
【答案】21. B 22. A 23. C 24. C 25. D 26. A 27. C 28. D 29. B 30. D 31. D 32. B 33. C 34. B 35. A 36. D 37. A 38. C 39. B 40. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章采用了倒叙的手法，讲述了作者11岁的时候被母亲带着去约塞米蒂国家公园，当地的文化深深地震撼了作者，她决定在自己有了家以后也要带着孩子到曾经的世界文明的中心地带感受古老文明的遗迹。
【21题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我母亲想庆祝我从流感中康复，开车送我们去约塞米蒂国家公园。A. prve证明；B. celebrate庆祝；C. ensure确保；D. speed加速。根据下文“my recvery frm flu(我从流感中康复)”以及“t Ysemite Natinal Park(去约塞米蒂国家公园)”可知此处上下文说的是病好了，要去公园，分析四个选项，B项“celebrate(庆祝)”表达的含义与句子表达的含义一致，放在句中意为“庆祝我从流感中康复”，与句子表达的含义一致，故选B项。
【22题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. drve开车；B. led带领；C. rushed冲；D. dragged拖；拉。根据下文“It’s mre than seven decades, but I still remember ur car(70多年了，但我仍然记得我们的车)”可知，母亲开始送我去约塞米蒂国家公园，故选A项。
【23题详解】
考查非谓语动词词义辨析。句意：70多年了，但我仍然记得我们的车从近一英里长的瓦沃纳隧道出来，看到了著名的风景。A. suffering遭受；B. hiding藏；C. emerging出现；D. starting启动。根据下文“seeing the famus landscape(看到了著名的风景)”可知汽车从隧道里面出来，故选C项。
【24题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我马上就知道我到了一个特别的地方。A. remte遥远的；B. famus著名的；C. special特别的；D. mysterius神秘的。根据下文“Once I had my wn family, I drve my children t experience natinal parks themselves(一旦我有了自己的家庭，我就开车送孩子们去体验国家公园)”以及“Within Chac, we culd explre the remains f an ancient civilizatin that existed lng befre Eurpeans set ft n this cntinent.(在查科，我们可以探索早在欧洲人踏上这片大陆之前就已经存在的古老文明的遗迹)”可知，作者触景生情，计划在将来自己有了孩子以后也要到这个地方来游玩、体验，所以认为这是一个很特别的地方，故选C项。
【25题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：一旦我有了自己的家庭，我就开车送孩子们去体验国家公园。A. preserve保护；B. clean清理；C. design设计；D. experience体验。根据下文“Within Chac, we culd explre the remains f an ancient civilizatin that existed lng befre Eurpeans set ft n this cntinent.(在查科，我们可以探索早在欧洲人踏上这片大陆之前就已经存在的古老文明的遗迹)”可知国家公园有可以探索早在欧洲人踏上这片大陆之前就已经存在的古老文明的遗迹的地方，作者是希望将来有了孩子以后送孩子去体验这些文化，故选D项。
【26题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：最受欢迎的景点之一是美国西南部的一个峡谷查科。A. favrite最喜爱的；B. cnvenient方便的；C. crwded拥挤的；D. suitable合适的。根据下文“Within Chac, we culd explre the remains f an ancient civilizatin that existed lng befre Eurpeans set ft n this cntinent.(在查科，我们可以探索早在欧洲人踏上这片大陆之前就已经存在的古老文明的遗迹)”可知，这里有可以探索早在欧洲人踏上这片大陆之前就已经存在的古老文明的遗迹的地方，是作者最喜爱的地方，故选A项。
【27题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：在查科，我们可以探索早在欧洲人踏上这片大陆之前就已经存在的古老文明的遗迹。A. landscape风景；B. parks公园；C. remains遗迹；D. success成功。根据下文“f an ancient civilizatin(古老文明的……)”可知，古老文明说的是遥远的过去，那个时期的东西已经不存在了，所以空白处填表示“遗迹”含义的名词，故选C项。
【28题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：同上。A. made use f利用；B. gt rid f除掉；C. paid attentin t注意；D. set ft n踏上。根据上文“Eurpeans(欧洲人)”以及下文“this cntinent.(这片土地)”可知此处上下文说的是过去的欧洲人与这片大陆的事，分析四个选项，D项“set ft n(踏上)”符合语境，在句中表示“踏上这片大陆”，与句子表达的含义一致，故选D项。
【29题详解】
考查动词义辨析。句意：我们被该地区的历史所吸引，在那里我们了解到查科著名的古代建筑是如何遍布沙漠景观的，许多社区至今仍与这里保持着联系。A. cmmitted忠诚于；B. drawn吸引；C. accustmed适应；D. assigned分配。根据下文“where we’d learn hw Chac’s famus ancient structures spread acrss the desert landscape, a place t which many cmmunities still maintain cnnectins tday(在那里我们了解到查科著名的古代建筑是如何遍布沙漠景观地区的，许多社区至今仍与这里保持着联系)”可知，这是该地区的历史，能让我们了解到查科著名的古代建筑是如何遍布沙漠景观的，可知该地区的历史吸引着作者，故选B项。
【30题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. came来；B. gt得到；C. went去；D. spread散布。根据上文“Chac’s famus ancient structures(查科著名的古代建筑)”以及下文“the desert landscape(沙漠景观地区)”可知此处上下文说的是查科著名的古代建筑在沙漠地区的情况，分析四个选项，D项“spread(散布)”表达的含义符合语境，在句子中的含义为“查科著名的古代建筑遍布沙漠景观地区”，与句子表达的含义一致，故选D项。
【31题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. ignre忽视；B. imagine 想象；C. suspect怀疑；D. maintain保持。根据上文的“still(仍旧)”以及下文“cnnectin(联系)”可知此处上下文说的是查科著名的古代建筑与今天的社区之间的联系，分析四个选项，D项“maintain(保持)”表示的含义符合语境，在句子中的含义为“与这里保持着联系”，与句子表达的含义一致，故选D项。
【32题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：踏上一千多年前其他人走的通往世界中心的道路，你会感受到自己与这片土地的联系。A. destinatin目的地；B. center中心；C. edge边缘；D. tp顶部。根据下文“what was nce the center f an ancient civilizatin(曾经是古代文明的中心)”可知，这片土地曾经是古代文明的中心，故选B项。
【33题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：有时，我想知道如果他们能向前展望，看看我们是如何对待自然世界的，他们会怎么想。A. back向后；B. arund周围；C. frward向前；D. ut外面。根据下文“see hw we’ve treated the natural wrld(看看我们是如何对待自然世界的)”可知，此处假设了一种情况：他们能看到我们是如何对待自然世界的，他们是向前展望，故选C项。
【34题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：不幸的是，查科周围的景观长期以来一直是石油和天然气钻探的目标，这将破坏曾经是古代文明中心的地方。A. Naturally自然地；B. Unfrtunately不幸地；C. Jyfully喜悦地；D. Accidentally偶然地。根据下文“the landscapes arund Chac have lng been targeted fr il and gas drilling that will damage what was nce the center f an ancient civilizatin(查科周围的景观长期以来一直是石油和天然气钻探的目标，这将破坏曾经是古代文明中心的地方)”可知，查科周围曾经是古代文明的中心，但是这里的景观长期以来一直是石油和天然气钻探的目标，对曾经是古代文明中心的地方造成破坏，空白处应填表示“不幸地”含义的副词，故选B项。
【35题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. targeted被当做目标的；B. meant意思是；C. exchanged交换；D. knwn知名的。根据下文“fr il and gas drilling(石油和天然气钻探)”可知，这个地方要进行石油和天然气钻探，被当作了石油和天然气钻探的目标，故选A项。
【36题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. restre恢复；B. discver发现；C. shelter遮蔽；D. damage破坏。根据上文“il and gas drilling(石油和天然气钻探)”以及下文“what was nce the center f an ancient civilizatin(曾经是古代文明中心)”可推理出，石油和天然气钻探会破坏曾经是古代文明中心的地方，故选D项。
【37题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这就是为什么政府最近保护它的决定如此重要。A. significant重要的；意义重大的；B. surprising令人吃惊的；C. effective有效的；D. apparent显而易见的。根据上文“the landscapes arund Chac have lng been targeted fr il and gas drilling that will damage what was nce the center f an ancient civilizatin(查科周围的景观长期以来一直是石油和天然气钻探的目标，这将破坏曾经是古代文明中心的地方)”可知，查科周围曾经是古代文明的中心，而这里要进行石油和天然气钻探，会破坏古代文明中心，因此政府的保护非常重要，故选A项。
【38题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：古代人会长途跋涉到达这个文化中心，这里留下了继续让我们困惑的谜团。A. frighten吓唬；B. amuse逗乐；C. cnfuse使困惑；D. disappint使失望。根据上文“left behind mysteries(留下了谜团)”可知，古人留下了这些谜团，这些谜团使我们困惑，故选C项。
【39题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：虽然我很感激查科峡谷能得到应有的保护，但我们必须在保护这片土地方面做得更好。A. reputatin名声；B. prtectin保护；C. reward回报；D. attentin注意。根据下文“we must d better in preserving the lands(我们必须在保护这片土地方面做得更好)”可知此处上下文说的是查科峡谷的保护，空白处应填表示“保护”含义的词，故选B项。
【40题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：即使是在约塞米蒂我11岁的时候，我立刻就知道我在一个特别的地方，直到今天，每次我参观查科峡谷时，我仍然有这种感觉。A. immediately立即；B. gradually逐渐地；C. basically主要地；D. prbably可能。根据第一段“I knew immediately I was smewhere special(我马上就知道我到了一个特别的地方)”可知，作者在11岁的时候，刚看到这片风景的时候就立即知道了到了一个特别的地方，这句话是对第一段中句子的重复，可知空白处应填immediately，故选A项。
第三部分 语言知识运用
第二节【答案】41. fficial
42. were tested
43. t cmpse
44. hw 45. The
46. repeated
47. Generally
48. celebrities
49. fr 50. admissin
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。介绍了中国的科举制度。
【41题详解】
考查形容词。句意：这是中国古代选拔人才担任政府官员的一种方法。分析句意可知，名词ffice“办公室”在句中作定语修饰pst“职位”，因此需要改为形容词fficial“官员的，官职的”。故填fficial。
【42题详解】
考查时态和语态。句意：在前三个级别，考生接受了儒家经典知识和特定主题诗歌创作能力的测试。分析句意可知，动词test“测试”在句中作谓语动词，但其与充当主语的复数名词candidates“候选人，应试者”构成被动关系，因为该动作已发生，故使用一般过去时的被动语态，主语是复数，be动词用were。故填were tested。
【43题详解】
考查不定式。句意：在前三个级别，考生接受了儒家经典知识和特定主题诗歌创作能力的测试。分析句意可知，动词cmpse“创造，撰写”在句中作ability“能力”的后置定语，故需要使用不定式。故填t cmpse。
【44题详解】
考查连接词。句意：在最后一级，也被称为殿试，考生需要展示他们是如何分析当代政治问题的。根据句意可知，动词shw“展示”后需要使用连词连接其宾语从句，分析宾语从句结构可知，该句缺少状语，表示“如何”，使用hw连接，在从句中作方式状语。故填hw。
【45题详解】
考查冠词。句意：科举的成功率很低：在唐朝只有2%左右。分析句意可知，此处的名词词组success rate“成功率”特指科举考试的成功率，为特定事物，故词组前使用定冠词the，单词位于句首，首字母大写。故填The。
【46题详解】
考查形容词。句意：许多考生经历了一次又一次的失败，有些人甚至在变老、头发花白的时候仍在继续考试。分析句意可知，动词repeat“重复”在句中作定语修饰failures“失败”，故形容词形式repeated“重复的”符合语境。故填repeated。
【47题详解】
考查副词。句意：一般来说，任何成年男性，无论其财富或社会地位如何，都可以通过科举成为高级公务员。分析句意可知，形容词general“大体的”在句中作状语修饰整个句子，故需要使用副词形式，句首单词首字母大写。故填Generally。
【48题详解】
考查名词复数。句意：中国历史上有很多通过科举取得成功而从社会地位由低下转变为政治名人的人的例子。分析句意可知，名词celebrity“名人”在句中作介词宾语，且空格前没有表示单数的冠词和量词，故需要使用复数形式。故填celebrities。
【49题详解】
考查介词。句意：科举是韩国和日本等其他亚洲和西方国家公务员制度的典范。分析句意可知，此处需要填写介词fr，构成短语serve as a mdel fr，意为“作为……的榜样/典范”。故填fr。
【50题详解】
考查名词。句意：在19世纪末，英国公务员管理局的录取取决于古典文学考试的成功。分析句意可知，动词admit“允许进入，加入”在句中作主语，需要改为名词admissin，此处为不可数名词。故填admissin。
第四部分：写作
短文改错
【答案】1. share后加with
2. whm→ wh/that
3. mdels→ mdel
4. have→ has
5. Therefre→ Hwever
6. it→ them
7. greatly→ great
8. vercme→ vercming
9. inspiring→ inspired
10.去掉in
【解析】
【导语】本文是记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者的姐姐一直是她的榜样。她用微笑克服挑战的方式提醒她，积极的心态可以克服任何困难。在她的故事的启发下，作者会努力以同样的决心实现自己的梦想。
【51题详解】
考查介词。句意：今天，我想和大家分享一些关于我姐姐的事情，她给了我很多启发。share with smebdy表示“和某人分享” 。故在share后加with。
【52题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：今天，我想和大家分享一些关于我姐姐的事情，她给了我很多启发。先行词是sister，关系词在定语从句中作主语，用wh或that引导定语从句 。故将whm改为wh或that。
【53题详解】
考查名词。句意：由于她的决心，她一直是我的榜样。表示姐姐是榜样，用单数名词 。故将mdels改为mdel。
【54题详解】
考查主谓一致。句意：我的姐姐目前正在上大学，追求成为一名医生的梦想，一路上遇到了许多障碍。主语是单数谓语也用单数 。故将have改为has。
【55题详解】
考查副词。句意：然而，她从来没有因为这些挫折而灰心丧气。前后表示转折，姐姐遇到很多障碍但是没有灰心丧气。故将Therefre改为Hwever。
【56题详解】
考查代词。句意：相反，她把它变成了成功的垫脚石。代词指代these setbacks，用复数them 。故将it改为them。
【57题详解】
考查形容词。句意：她实现目标的决心教会了我永不放弃的重要性。 形容词修饰名词imprtance作定语。故将greatly改为great。
【58题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：她用微笑克服挑战的方式提醒我，积极的心态可以克服任何困难。 介词t后用动名词作宾语。故将vercme改为vercming。
【59题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：总之，在她的故事的启发下，我会努力追随她的脚步，以同样的决心实现自己的梦想。激励和主语I是被动关系，用过去分词作状语 。故将inspiring改为inspired。
【60题详解】
考查介词。句意：总之，在她故事的启发下，我会努力追随她的脚步，以同样的决心实现自己的梦想。fllw是及物动词，后面不需要介词。故去掉in。
书面表达
【答案】 The majrity f us hld that having mre friends equals greater happiness. I am hardly in line with this pinin as I strngly/firmly believe true happiness in friendship lies nt in quantity but in quality when it cmes t interpersnal relatinships.
Having a smaller circle f clse friends cnnects us mre clsely, enabling us t fcus n develping deeper and mre sincere cnnectins within us. Besides, true friends are thse wh will be there fr us when we face ups and dwns in life and wh will supprt us thrugh thick and thin. On the cntrary, it takes a great amunt f time and energy t maintain the friendship amng numerus friends, which is a waste t sme extent.
In cnclusin/T cnclude/In shrt, having a few true friends is enugh t bring happiness and meaning t ur life.
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生写一篇关于友谊的英语文章，向学校英语园投稿。
【详解】1.词汇积累
支持：supprt→in supprt f
认为：believe→figure
几乎不：hardly→seldm
观点：pinin→view
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Having a smaller circle f clse friends cnnects us mre clsely, enabling us t fcus n develping deeper and mre sincere cnnectins within us.
拓展句：Having a smaller circle f clse friends cnnects us mre clsely, which enables us t fcus n develping deeper and mre sincere cnnectins within us.
【点睛】[高分句型1]On the cntrary, it takes a great amunt f time and energy t maintain the friendship amng numerus friends, which is a waste t sme extent. (运用which引导的非限制性定语从句)
[高分句型2]The majrity f us hld that having mre friends equals greater happiness. (运用了that引导宾语从句)
听力原文
(Text 1)
W: It’s January, and it’s been raining the whle mnth. Hw lng des the rainy seasn last here?
M: Abut fur mnths. It begins in early Nvember and lasts until February.
(Text 2)
M: Can yu pass me the salt and pepper, please? My fd desn’t taste very gd. It has n taste. Hw’s yurs?
W: It’s OK. It’s just a little ht.
(Text 3)
M: What are yu learning in schl right nw, Jennifer?
W:We’re learning t make sculptures, Dad! It’s amazing. I can nw make a beautiful sculpture ut f nthing. Next, we will learn hw t take gd pictures. Then we will learn hw t draw.
(Text 4)
W: Have yu finished decrating yur huse yet?
M: N, I’ve nly just finished the bathrm. It’s taken such a lng time. I’ve still gt the kitchen and the living rm t d.
(Text 5)
W: What happened t yu, yung man? Why are yu in the hspital?
M: I brke my leg while playing ftball at schl. My friend kicked me instead f the ball. It hurts a lt! I hpe yu can fix it.
(Text 6)
W: Oh n. I dn’t have Amanda’s phne number.
M: What’s wrng, Miyak?
W: Amanda said we shuld get tgether again and that I shuld call her. But I dn’t have her phne number.
M: I see... Well, dn’t wrry abut it. Fr Americans, that’s usually a friendly way t say gdbye. It’s like when Americans say “Hell, hw are yu?” But they dn’t want yu t tell them hw yu are. It’s just a friendly greeting.
W: S saying “Let’s get tgether smetime” is similar t that?
M: Yeah, that’s right.
(Text 7)
W: David, have yu heard the news? Our schl team is in the finals.
M: I knw. I watched the match n TV last night.
W: D yu think they were gd?
M: They certainly were. A grup f us have decided t g and supprt them in the finals. Will yu cme alng, t?
W: I’m nt sure. When is it?
M: It’s n Saturday afternn at 3:30 and we’ll gather at the schl gate at 3:00. S, are yu cming?
W: N. I dn’t think s. I’ve gt a pian lessn at 2:30 every Saturday.
M: Can’t yu have it n anther day?
W: But my mther really likes it.
M: Cme n, Lisa. This is the finals. Our schl team has been wrking hard and they need ur supprt.
W: Well, let me talk with my mm first, kay?
M: Once yu have made a decisin, just give me a call.
(Text 8)
M: This is William Brwn, what can I d fr yu?
W: Mr Brwn, I may have yur mbile phne.
M: Oh, yes. I thught I had lst it smewhere n the undergrund this mrning.
W: Actually I fund it under a table at a restaurant and I thught I shuld call the wrk number I fund in its directry.
M: Thank yu s much. I appreciate yu calling me. I just thught I need t buy a new ne as sn as pssible.
W: It was just the right thing t d. I wrk in TC Bank n Rsevelt Street and I leave at abut five, s please cme t pick it up befre then.
M: OK. See yu then and thanks again.
(Text 9)
W: Hi, prfessr White.
M: Hi, Maggie.
W: It’s been a week since yu arrived at the city. D yu like yur ffice?
M: Yeah, it’s great t have s much rm and I lve the sea view.
W: Glad t hear that. D yu need any equipment r supplies?
M: Well, I’ll give a presentatin at an nline cnference next week. Is it pssible t get a web camera fr the cmputer?
W: N prblem. It’s already at the tp f ur agenda. We encurage using technlgy t cmmunicate with verseas schlars rather than expensive traveling.
M: Exactly. It’s s much easier and cheaper t d things that way.
W: Anything else?
M: Well, I hpe I’m nt asking t much, but can I get a new chair? This ne is really uncmfrtable.
W: I think that’s an ld chair. Srry abut that. Is there a specific kind yu want, like a flding chair r a rcking ne?
M: I just like ne that rises up and dwn and has arms.
W: Sure, I gt it.
M: Thanks.
(Text 10)
W: What is life like fr tday’s students? Hw d they treat mney? As the university and cllege terms began, I interviewed a few students. Sarah is a secnd-year bilgy student. She says that mney is a big prblem. She can eat cheaply at university, but she spends quite a lt n transprt. She als spends quite a lt n stylish clthes. Clin, wh is studying engineering, says that he desn’t spend anything n clthes unless cunting climbing shes and special tls, sme f which are very expensive. Nt much f his mney ges n transprt because he likes t ride his bike arund. Diana is a first-year designing student. She makes all her wn clthes. This shuld save her mney. But in fact, the materials are very expensive. She des nt knw hw she wuld manage if she did nt sell sme f the dresses and hats she made t ther students. She says that everything is expensive. That includes rent, fd, transprt and heating fr the flat in winter. Jack is a science student. He desn’t spend much mney n clthes but his rent is high and he spends quite a lt n bks, s he is ding part-time jbs t affrd all f these.
第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分）
做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节 （共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）
听下面5段对话，每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
例: Hw much is the shirt?
A. £19.15. B. £9.18. C. £9.15.
答案是C。
1. When des the rainy seasn start?
A. In January. B. In February. C. In Nvember.
2. Hw des the wman’s fd taste?
A. Salty. B. Ht. C. Sweet.
3. What is the relatinship between the speakers?
A. Teacher and student. B. Father and daughter. C. Schl friends.
4. Which rm has the man finished decrating?
A. The bathrm. B. The kitchen. C. The living rm.
5. What des the wman prbably d?
A. A dctr. B. A cach. C. An athlete.
第二节 （共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听下面一段对话，回答第6和第7两个小题。
6. What des Miyak want t d?
A. Make a call. B. Send a card. C. Hld a party.
7. What is the man ding?
A. Making an aplgy. B. Giving an explanatin. C. Sharing an experience.
听下面一段对话，回答第8至第10三个小题。
8. What did David d last night?
A. He played vlleyball. B. He watched televisin. C. He read the newspaper.
9. What time will the match n Saturday afternn start?
A. At 2:30. B. At 3:00. C. At 3:30.
10. What will Lisa d first?
A. Talk with her mm. B. Give David a call. C. Take a pian lessn.
听下面一段对话，回答第11至第13三个小题。
11. Where did the man mst prbably lse his phne?
A. In a restaurant. B. At the wrkplace. C. On the undergrund.
12. What will the man d befre five ’clck?
A. Meet the wman. B. Buy a new phne. C. Make a call t the bank.
13. Hw des the man feel in the end?
A. Surprised. B. Grateful. C. Dubtful.
听下面一段对话，回答第14至第16三个小题。
14. What des the man say abut his ffice?
A. His ffice is richly decrated.
B. He has used this ffice fr a week.
C. His ffice space is spacius enugh.
15. Why des the man need a web camera fr his cmputer?
A. T recrd his trip next week.
B. T cllect cst-effective web cameras.
C. T cmmunicate with verseas schlars.
16. What are the speakers mainly talking abut?
A. Hw t chse an ffice chair.
B. Hw t prepare fr an nline meeting.
C. Hw t imprve Prfessr White’s ffice.
听下面一段独白，回答第17至第20四个小题。
17. What des the speaker fcus n?
A. What curses the cllege ffers.
B. Why tday’s students need exercise.
C. Hw tday’s students spend their mney.
18. What des Sarah spend less mney n?
A. Transprt. B. Fd. C. Clthes.
19. Wh lves cycling?
A. Clin. B. Jack. C. Sarah.
20. Hw des Diana get her mney?
A. By selling a lt f bks.
B. By asking her parents fr it.
C. By selling clthes made n her wn.
\第二部分：阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2分，满分30分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Beaumnt Hspital is prud f its reputatin natinally and internatinally as an academic teaching hspital prviding excellence in patient care, medical educatin, innvatin and research. Our aim is t deliver the highest quality f care t ur patients, excellent training t ur students and a friendly and prfessinal envirnment fr ur staff.
Psitin Summary
The Chief Executive Officer (CEO) is respnsible fr driving the verall strategic directin, peratins and perfrmance f Beaumnt Hspital, and its related services and resurces, within plicy directins laid dwn by the Hspital Bard and the Department f Health/HSE t deliver effective and efficient patient care.
This is a crucial leadership rle respnsible fr driving strategic grwth initiatives and prviding strategic versight, supprt and clear leadership t the Executive Management Team within Beaumnt Hspital. The Hspital is in the prcess f develping a new 5-Year Strategic Plan. The successful candidate will carry ut the agreed visin fr the future f Beaumnt Hspital, maintain the Hspital’s cmmitment t delivering patient-centred care t the highest standards f clinical practice, healthcare educatin, research, and innvatin, and prmte an rganizatinal culture that is pen t, and empwers innvatin, creativity and learning in a clinical setting.
Infrmal Cnfidential inquiries t:
Ms Pauline Philip Chair, Beaumnt Hspital Bard
Tel: ＋353 (1) 7974260
Interested candidates shuld apply by sending their CV and cver letter t:
Mr Jhn Pepper, Human Resurces Department
Beaumnt Hspital, Dublin 9 Ireland
Email: hrdirectr@beaumnt.ie
Fr a mre detailed jb descriptin brchure please access
Clsing date: 4th December 2023.
Interviews will be held befre the end f December, 2023.
1. What is the CEO f Beaumnt Hspital primarily in charge f?
A. Making a new 5-Year Plan.B. Managing the Hspital Bard.
C. Guiding the strategic directin.D. Laying dwn plicy directins.
2. T whm can candidates make certain inquiries?
A. Ms Pauline Philip.B. The HR directr.C. Mr Jhn Pepper.D. The Chief Executive Officer.
3. In which sectin f a newspaper des this text prbably appear?
A. Clud Hspital Services.B. Medical Guidance.
C. Medical Expert Clumn.D. Career Opprtunities.
B
In her latest gardening stry, Jessica Damian tells f the garden pests and diseases she has seen in her plants. She suggests acting quickly when dealing with these issues, as they can rapidly spread and cause significant damage t plant health and grwth.
Her measure always begins with the gentlest treatment pssible. She nly intensifies her treatments when necessary. Even then, she has her limits. Damian says she wuld rather lse a flwer r vegetable plant than use strng chemicals. In the case f her tmat plants, Damian caught the aphids, a pest, early. She washed them ff and remved the nes that wuld nt cme ff by using her fingers under mving water.
Had the invasin been severe r the water and finger remval methd been ineffective, she wuld have used Neem il. This rganic il frm Neem tree seeds, kills aphids and is safe fr plants that will be cnsumed. Hwever, she wuld apply it after sunset when helpful insects are less active.
On the same day, Damian als fund scarlet lily beetles n her Asiatic lily plants. They cver themselves in waste. This makes them less appealing t thse that wuld want t eat them. But the cating als prtects them frm chemicals, making them difficult t remve. T fight against them, she physically tapped the beetles int a mixture f water, sap, vinegar, r husehld cleaners.
Her rhddendrn, a flwering plant, gt attacked by a pest called azalea bark scale last summer. When she nticed the return f these white insects this year, she immediately remved the infested leaves. Fr the remaining leaves with a few pests, she was able t remve them by tuching each insect with sme rubbing alchl.
By wrking early, Damian slwed r stpped infestatins that culd have killed her plants. The same wuld be true fr diseases, many f which als respnd better t early treatments.
4. What des Jessica d with garden pests initially?
A. Act quickly with chemicals.B. Try t remve them manually.
C. Get rid f the plants with them.D. Allw them t spread naturally.
5. When will Jessica use Neem il t cntrl aphids?
A. They appear n her plants.B. She ntices sme signs f them.
C. Helpful insects disappear.D. Her manual methd desn’t wrk.
6. What is the purpse f Jessica’s stry?
A. T infrm readers abut types f garden pests and diseases.
B. T encurage readers t use rganic methds fr pest cntrl.
C. T share her persnal experience with garden pests and diseases.
D T warn readers abut the dangers f using strng chemicals n plants.
7. What can be inferred frm Jessica’s gardening practice?
A. Leaving the pests unattended helps her garden recver.
B. Remving all her plants t fight against pests wrks best.
C. Using strng chemicals as early as pssible functins best.
D. Handling garden pests and diseases early turns ut effective.
C
In the U.S., a recent trend shws a grwing demand fr natural wine, which attaches imprtance t minimal prcessing and ec-friendliness. Hwever, IWSR Drinks Market Analysis indicates that these wines still make up less than ne percent f sales in 2021. Despite a general decline in wine buyers since 2015, demand fr natural wines is n the rise at a significant pace, as said by Drizly, an nline alchl delivery service.
Natural wines typically use rganic grapes, aviding chemicals fr pest and weed cntrl. Traditinal methds like ft treading (踩) are smetimes emplyed fr crushing grapes. Afterwards, the crushed grapes ferment (发酵) naturally. Manufacturers dn’t add water, yeast r ther substances. There are sme exceptins. Sme natural winemakers add extra sulfites fr preservatin. Others clarify the wine t get rid f any small piece that culd make it lk cludy, resulting in the earthy and unique flavr.
Hwever, the market faces barriers due t a lack f set definitins fr natural wine, creating cnfusin and marketing challenges. As Prfessr Anita Oberhlster frm UC Davis suggests, defining “natural wine” culd help its grwth. Yet, industry pinins vary n regulatin: while sme supprt fficial guidelines, thers, like Jhn Keller f Neu Cellars, wrry abut higher csts invlved with certificatin.
CEO f Vinvest, Anthny Zhang sees anther prblem. Sme wine cmpanies are prfiting using labeling cntent like imagery that suggests their wine making is natural when they are nt. The Eurpean Unin has taken measures t stp this by requiring wines sld in its markets t list all cntained substances, starting December. It’s expected that the U.S. may sn adpt similar regulatins, increasing transparency fr cnsumers. With these advancements, buyers may sn be able t make mre infrmed purchases.
8. Why des the demand fr natural wine grw?
A. Its flavr is better than ther wines’.B. Cnsumers’ preference has changed.
C. Drizly has started its nline delivery.D. Its prductin prcess is ec-friendly.
9. What des the underlined wrd in Paragraph 2 mean?
A. natural flavrsB. special grapesC. chemical cmpundsD. wine cntainers
10. What’s Jhn Keller’s cncern?
A. Decreased demand fr natural wines.B. The ptential rise in prductin csts.
C. Changes in the taste f natural wines.D. Lss f mdern wine-making methds.
11. Which f the fllwing is the best title fr the passage?
A. Old Ways f Making Wine Gain New Fans
B. Mre Cmpanies Admire Natural Elements
C. New Ways t Imprve Natural Wine’s Flavr
D. Mre Strategies t Prmte Natural Wine Well
D
Air pllutin remains a critical health risk in the Eurpean Unin, claiming ver 500,000 lives in 2021, with findings suggesting nearly half f these culd have been prevented if pllutin were reduced t levels recmmended by health experts. Data frm the Eurpean Envirnment Agency (EEA) shw that f these deaths, 253,000 were linked t expsure t fine particulate matter (PM2.5) ging beynd the Wrld Health Organizatin’s (WHO) guideline limit f 5 micrgrams per cubic meter. These particles are especially dangerus as they can pass int the bldstream and affect varius rgans. Nitrgen dixide and zne als cntributed t the mrtality (死亡频率) statistics, assciated with 52,000 and 22,000 deaths respectively. The EU’s envirnment cmmissiner, Virginijus Sinkevicius, underlined that air pllutin pses the tp envirnmental health risk in the EU. Nevertheless, there is evidence f imprvement, with deaths frm PM2.5 decreasing by 41% between 2005 and 2021, and the EU targets a reductin f 55% by 2030.
In respnse t these cncerns, the WHO, which updated its air quality guidelines in 2021, warns that n level f air pllutin can be cnsidered safe but has set upper limits fr certain pllutants. The Eurpean Parliament vte t bring the EU’s air quality standards in line with the WHO but decided t delay ding s until 2035.
Sinkevicius said that air quality is indeed imprving due t effective clean air plicies. Beynd death cunts, the EEA als assessed air pllutin’s brader impact n diseases such as asthma, chrnic bstructive pulmnary disease, and diabetes, stressing nt nly mrtality but the quality f life impacts. EEA researcher Albert Gnzalez Ortiz pinted t severe disability states caused by these cnditins, wrsened by air pllutin.
The EEA’s cmprehensive apprach shws that while the fight against air pllutin has seen prgress, immediate actin is still critical t reduce pllutin and reduce its widespread effects n public health.
12. Why des the authr mentin specific figures in Paragraph 1?
A. T stress the risk f PM2.5 in the EU.B. T illustrate the impact f air pllutin.
C. T prve the imprvement in air pllutin.D. T shw the guidelines f EEA lse cntrl.
13. What did the WHO d fr the cncerns?
A. It adjusted air quality standards accrdingly.
B. It didn’t perfrm the new limits until 2035.
C. It claimed current pllutin levels were relatively safe.
D. It decided t change the guidelines cmpletely.
14 Hw did Sinkevicius feel abut the air quality in the text?
A. Cncerned abut its plicies.B. Indifferent due t its level.
C. Uncertain abut its impact.D. Optimistic abut its prgress.
15. What is the main fcus f the passage?
A. The impact f wise decisins n air pllutin in the EU.
B. The specific health cnditins wrsened by air pllutin.
C. The prgress and challenges in dealing with air pllutin.
D. The rle f the WHO in establishing glbal health plicies.
第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，满分10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。
If yu understand the fable f the frg in the biling water, it is time t learn hw t avid becming the frg and make psitive changes s that yu can succeed and live yur dream life. Here are a few tips yu can fllw.
____16____ Yu dn’t want t g thrugh every day withut having a clear directin. The first thing yu want t d t create a better future is t identify what kind f future yu desire. Once yu have a clear directin, yu can run as fast as yu can t get there.
Make a plan and wrk n it every day. Besides knwing what yu want, yu need t als knw what yu need t d t get there. ____17____ Every ne f us wants t have a better future, but mst peple dn’t knw what t d t get there. This is why having a plan is imprtant. Once yu have a plan, all yu need t d is stick t yur plan and take massive actin.
Take cnsistent actin. Identifying yur gals and knwing yur plan is just a fundatin step t achieving the success yu want. Yu als need t take actin and wrk n yur gals if yu want t achieve them. ____18____
Imprve yurself regularly. Just like yur phne, yu update yur mbile phne frm time t time s that the sftware is the latest. ____19____ Cnstantly update and imprve yurself s that yu can perfrm at yur best. If yu want t be financially rich, yu can’t just d nthing abut yur finances. ____20____ Yu need t learn hw t manage yur wealth t.
Always remember the stry f the frg in the biling water. And fllw the tips I shared abut t “hedge” yurself against the impact f gradual changes.
A. Create yur future tday, nt tmrrw.
B. Yu need t track, plan, invest, and save.
C. Yu need t d the same t yurself.
D. Set a gal and never turn aside alng the way.
E. Therefre, create an actin plan fr yur gal.
F. Aviding being “cked” in an envirnment matters.
G. Yu can’t think abut yur dream, just praying ver there.
第三部分 语言知识运用(共两节, 满分45分)
第一节 完形填空(共20小题;每小题1. 5分, 满分30分)
阅读下面短文, 从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
I was 11 when I left Ls Angeles fr the first time. My mther, wanting t ____21____ my recvery frm flu, ____22____ us t Ysemite Natinal Park. It’s mre than seven decades, but I still remember ur car ____23____ frm the nearly mile-lng Wawna Tunnel (隧道) and seeing the famus landscape. I knew immediately I was smewhere ____24____Once I had my wn family, I drve my children t ____25____ natinal parks themselves. One f the ____26____ spts was Chac, a canyn (峡谷) in the American Suthwest. Within Chac, we culd explre the ____27____ f an ancient civilizatin that existed lng befre Eurpeans ____28____ this cntinent.
We were ____29____ t the histry f the area, where we’d learn hw Chac’s famus ancient structures _____30_____acrss the desert landscape, a place t which many cmmunities still _____31_____ cnnectins tday. Stepping n the same paths thers walked ver a thusand years ag t reach the _____32_____ f their wrld, yu feel yur cnnectin t the land. Smetimes, I wnder what they’d think if they culd lk _____33_____ in time and see hw we’ve treated the natural wrld.
_____34_____, the landscapes arund Chac have lng been _____35_____ fr il and gas drilling that will _____36_____ what was nce the center f an ancient civilizatin. This is why the gvernment’s recent decisin t prtect it is s _____37_____. Ancient peple wuld travel lng t reach this cultural center, which has left behind mysteries that cntinue t _____38_____ us. While I am thankful Chac Canyn will get the _____39_____ it deserves, we must d better in preserving the lands.
Even as an 11-year-ld at Ysemite, I knew _____40_____ I was smewhere special, and I still get that feeling t this day every time I visit Chac Canyn.
21. A. prveB. celebrateC. ensureD. speed
22 A. drveB. ledC. rushedD. dragged
23. A. sufferingB. hidingC. emergingD. starting
24. A. remteB. famusC. specialD. mysterius
25. A. preserveB. cleanC. designD. experience
26. A. favriteB. cnvenientC. crwdedD. suitable
27. A. landscapeB. parksC. remainsD. success
28. A. made use fB. gt rid fC. paid attentin tD. set ft n
29. A. cmmittedB. drawnC. accustmedD. assigned
30. A. cameB. gtC. wentD. spread
31 A. ignreB. imagineC. suspectD. maintain
32. A. destinatinB. centerC. edgeD. tp
33. A. backB. arundC. frwardD. ut
34. A. NaturallyB. UnfrtunatelyC. JyfullyD. Accidentally
35. A. targetedB. meantC. exchangedD. knwn
36. A. restreB. discverC. shelterD. damage
37. A. significantB. surprisingC. effectiveD. apparent
38. A. frightenB. amuseC. cnfuseD. disappint
39. A. reputatinB. prtectinC. rewardD. attentin
40. A. immediatelyB. graduallyC. basicallyD. prbably
第II卷(50分)
注意事项：用0. 5毫米黑色笔迹的签字笔将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。
第三部分 语言知识运用
第二节(共10小题;每小题1. 5分, 满分15分)
阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Keju was an essential part f the Chinese gvernment administratin frm its funding in the Sui Dynasty until it was ablished in 1905. It was a methd t elect the talented t the gvernment ____41____ (ffice) psts in ancient China.
Examinatins were held at fur levels. At the first three levels, candidates ____42____ (test) n their knwledge f the Cnfucian classics, and their ability ____43____ (cmpse) pems n given subjects. At the final level, als called the palace examinatin, candidates needed t shw ____44____ they analyzed cntemprary plitical prblems. Individuals wh succeeded in this exam were raised t the level f Jinshi.
____45____ success rate in Keju was lw: nly abut tw percent in the Tang Dynasty. Many candidates experienced ____46____ (repeat) failures, and sme cntinued taking exams even when they became ld, gray-haired men.
____47____(general), any male adult, regardless f his wealth r scial status, culd becme a high-ranking civil servant thrugh Keju. There are many examples in Chinese histry f thse wh mved frm a lw scial status t plitical ____48____ (celebrity) thrugh success in Keju.
Keju served as a mdel ____49____ the civil-service systems in ther Asian and Western cuntries, such as Krea and Japan. In the late 19th centuries, the _____50_____ (admit) t the British civil service administratin depended n success in an examinatin in classical studies.
第四部分：写作(共两节，满分35分)
第一节 短文改错(共10小题，每小题1分，满分10分)
51. 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。
修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2. 只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
Tday, I’d like t share yu smething abut my sister whm inspires me a lt. She has always been my rle mdels due t her determinatin.
My sister, currently in cllege pursuing her dream f becming a dctr, have faced numerus bstacles alng the way. Therefre, never did she let these setbacks discurage her. Instead, she turned it int stepping stnes fr success. Her determinatin t achieve her gals has taught me the greatly imprtance f never giving up.
Additinally, my sister’s ability t find slutins t any prblem inspires me deeply. And her apprach t vercme challenges with a smile reminds me f that a psitive mindset can vercme any difficulty.
In cnclusin, inspiring by her stry, I will try t fllw in her ftsteps and achieve my wn dreams with the same level f determinatin.
第二节 书面表达(满分25分)
52. 你校英语园地正在征集关于友谊的英语文章。请从下面两个观点中，选择一个，写一篇英语文章投稿。观点如下：
1. The mre friends yu have, the happier yu’ll be.
2. Having a few true friends is enugh.
注意：1. 字数100词左右；
2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
KS5U2024 全国甲卷压轴卷
英 语
参考答案和解析
第一部分 听力（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）
1～5：CBBAA 6～10：ABBCA 11～15：AABCC 16～20：CCBAC
第二部分：阅读理解
第一节A
【答案】1. C 2. A 3. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇应用文。主要介绍了博蒙特医院的岗位招募通知以及职位概要。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“The Chief Executive Officer (CEO) is respnsible fr driving the verall strategic directin, peratins and perfrmance f Beaumnt Hspital, and its related services and resurces, within plicy directins laid dwn by the Hspital Bard and the Department f Health/HSE t deliver effective and efficient patient care.”（首席执行官（CEO）负责推动博蒙特医院的整体战略方向、运营和绩效，以及在医院董事会和卫生部/HSE制定的政策指导下，为患者提供有效和高效的护理。）可知，博蒙特医院的首席执行官主要负责引导战略方向。故选C项。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章下面的列单信息中“Infrmal Cnfidential inquiries t: Ms Pauline Philip, Chair, Beaumnt Hspital Bard”（非正式保密询问：Pauline Philip女士，博蒙特医院董事会主席）可知，候选人可以向Pauline Philip女士询问某些问题。故选A项。
【3题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章大意以及Psitin Summary（职位概要）和列单信息中“Interested candidates shuld apply by sending their CV and cver letter t: Mr Jhn Pepper, Human Resurces Department”（有意者可将简历及求职信寄至：人力资源部的Jhn Pepper先生）可知，文章主要介绍了博蒙特医院的岗位招募通知以及职位概要。由此可推知，这篇文章可能出现在报纸职业机会这个版面。故选D项。
第一节B
【答案】4. B 5. D 6. C 7. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。短文分享了Jessica Damian 对花园病虫害的亲身经历。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“In the case f her tmat plants, Damian caught the aphids, a pest, early.”（在种植番茄的过程中，达米亚诺很早就捕获了一种害虫蚜虫）和第三段“Had the invasin been severe r the water and finger remval methd been ineffective, she wuld have used Neem il.”（如果入侵严重，或者水和手指去除方法无效，她会使用印楝油。）可知，Jessica最初对花园害虫是手动清除。故选B项。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“Had the invasin been severe r the water and finger remval methd been ineffective, she wuld have used Neem il.”（如果入侵严重，或者水和手指去除方法无效，她会使用印楝油。）可知，手动方法不起作用，会用印楝油清理蚜虫。故选D项。
【6题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“In her latest gardening stry, Jessica Damian tells f the garden pests and diseases she has seen in her plants. She suggests acting quickly when dealing with these issues, as they can rapidly spread and cause significant damage t plant health and grwth.”（在她最新的园艺故事中，杰西卡·达米亚诺讲述了她在花园植物中看到的害虫和疾病。她建议在处理这些问题时迅速采取行动，因为它们可以迅速传播并对植物健康和生长造成重大损害。）以及下文她对花园病虫害的亲身经历推知，作者的目的是分享她对花园病虫害的亲身经历。故选C项。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“By wrking early, Damian slwed r stpped infestatins that culd have killed her plants. The same wuld be true fr diseases, many f which als respnd better t early treatments.”（通过提早工作，达米亚诺减缓或阻止了可能导致植物死亡的虫害。疾病也是如此，其中许多疾病对早期治疗也有更好的反应）可知，及早处理花园病虫害是有效的。故选D项。
第一节C
【答案】8. D 9. C 10. B 11. A
【解析】
【导语】本文为一篇说明文，文章主要讲述了最近的一个趋势表明，对天然葡萄酒的需求越来越大，这也导致了一些市场出现假的天然葡萄酒，购买者需要明智地选择。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第一段“In the U.S., a recent trend shws a grwing demand fr natural wine, which attaches imprtance t minimal prcessing and ec-friendliness.(在美国，最近的一项趋势表明，对天然葡萄酒的需求越来越大，这种葡萄酒重视最低限度的加工和生态友好。)”可知，对天然葡萄酒的需求增大是因为天然葡萄酒重视最低限度的加工和生态友好，故其生产过程是生态友好型的，故选D。
【9题详解】
词句猜测题。根据划线词sulfites前文“Manufacturers dn’t add water, yeast r ther substances. There are sme exceptins.(制造商不添加水、酵母和其他物质。也有一些例外。)”可知，前文提到也有例外的制造商会加东西，且根据划线词后文“fr preservatin(为了保存)”可知，添加的东西是为了葡萄酒的保存，故划线词与C项“化学成分”意思相近，制造商会添加化学成分从而更好地保存葡萄酒，故选C。
【10题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段“Yet, industry pinins vary n regulatin: while sme supprt fficial guidelines, thers, like Jhn Keller f Neu Cellars, wrry abut higher csts invlved with certificatin.(然而，关于监管的看法各不相同：尽管一些人支持官方指导，但其他人，比如说Neu Cellars的Jhn Keller，担心更高的认证成本。)”可知，担心认证成本会变得更高，从而导致更高的生产成本，故选B。
【11题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“In the U.S., a recent trend shws a grwing demand fr natural wine, which attaches imprtance t minimal prcessing and ec-friendliness.(在美国，最近的一项趋势表明，对天然葡萄酒的需求越来越大，这种葡萄酒重视最低限度的加工和生态友好。)”以及下文的讲述可知，本文介绍了最近的一个趋势表明，以传统方式，天然制造出来的天然葡萄酒在美国的需求越来越大，故A项“传统的制酒方式获得了新的粉丝”符合文章标题，故选A。
第一节D
【答案】12. B 13. A 14. D 15. C
【解析】
【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了研究结果表明，降低污染可以预防因空气污染而夺去的生命。
【12题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Air pllutin remains a critical health risk in the Eurpean Unin, claiming ver 500,000 lives in 2021, with findings suggesting nearly half f these culd have been prevented if pllutin were reduced t levels recmmended by health experts. Data frm the Eurpean Envirnment Agency (EEA) shw that f these deaths, 253,000 were linked t expsure t fine particulate matter (PM2.5) ging beynd the Wrld Health Organizatin’s (WHO) guideline limit f 5 micrgrams per cubic meter. Nitrgen dixide and zne als cntributed t the mrtality (死亡频率) statistics, assciated with 52,000 and 22,000 deaths respectively. (空气污染仍然是欧盟的一个关键健康风险，2012年夺走了50多万人的生命，研究结果表明，如果污染降至卫生专家建议的水平，其中近一半是可以预防的。欧洲环境署的数据显示，在这些死亡病例中，25.3万例与细颗粒物接触有关，超过了世界卫生组织每立方米5微克的限制。二氧化氮和臭氧也造成了死亡，分别有5.2万人和2.2万人死去。)”可知，这些数字都表明了空气污染夺去了很多人的生命，故其证明了空气污染带来的影响，故选B。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第二段“In respnse t these cncerns, the WHO, which updated its air quality guidelines in 2021, warns that n level f air pllutin can be cnsidered safe but has set upper limits fr certain pllutants.(为了回应这些担忧，世界卫生组织在2021年更新了其空气质量指南，并警告说，任何空气污染水平都不能认为是安全的，但对某些污染物设定了上限。)”可知，为了回应这些担忧，世界卫生组织更新了空气质量指南，故选A。
【14题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Sinkevicius said that air quality is indeed imprving due t effective clean air plicies.( Sinkevicius说道，因为有效的清洁空气政策，空气质量的确在改善。)”可知，Sinkevicius认为有效的政策的确促使空气质量的改善，故他对空气质量是持有积极乐观的态度，认为随着政策的进行，空气质量会越来越好，故选D。
【15题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文，并根据文章最后一段“The EEA’s cmprehensive apprach shws that while the fight against air pllutin has seen prgress, immediate actin is still critical t reduce pllutin and reduce its widespread effects n public health.(欧洲经济区的综合方法表明，尽管与空气污染的斗争取得了进展，但立即采取行动对于减少污染和减少其对公众健康的广泛影响仍然至关重要。)”的总结可知，本文主要介绍了应对空气污染取得了一定的进展，但却仍然面对着巨大的挑战，故选C。
第二节
【答案】16. D 17. E 18. G 19. C 20. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了一些可以让你成功并过上你梦想的生活的建议和方法。
【16题详解】
由该题为段落小标题可知，为总结该段内容。该段下文“Yu dn’t want t g thrugh every day withut having a clear directin. The first thing yu want t d t create a better future is t identify what kind f future yu desire. Once yu have a clear directin, yu can run as fast as yu can t get there.”（你不想每天都没有一个明确的方向。为了创造一个更美好的未来，你要做的第一件事就是确定你想要什么样的未来。一旦你有了明确的方向，你就可以尽可能快地跑到那里。）可知，主要讲的是你要做的第一件事就是确定你想要什么样的未来。结合选项D项Set a gal and never turn aside alng the way.（设定一个目标，在前进的道路上永不偏离。）意思一致，为总结该段内容。故选D项。
【17题详解】
根据该段标题“Make a plan and wrk n it every day.”（制定一个计划，每天都为之努力。）以及上文“Besides knwing what yu want, yu need t als knw what yu need t d t get there.”（除了知道你想要什么，你还需要知道你需要做什么才能达到目标。）提到你需要知道你需要做什么才能达到目标。结合选项E项Therefre, create an actin plan fr yur gal.（因此，为你的目标制定一个行动计划。）可知，和该段标题意思一致，呼应标题，同时引起下文，上下文语意连贯。故选E项。
【18题详解】
根据上文“Yu als need t take actin and wrk n yur gals if yu want t achieve them.”（如果你想实现你的目标，你也需要采取行动和努力。）可知，提到你需要采取行动和努力。结合选项G项Yu can’t think abut yur dream, just praying ver there.（你不能想着你的梦想，只能在那里祈祷。）可知，承接上文内容，为对上文内容的语意递进，上下文紧密连接，符合语境。故选G项。
【19题详解】
根据上文“Just like yur phne, yu update yur mbile phne frm time t time s that the sftware is the latest.”（就像你的手机一样，你不时地更新你的手机，以便软件是最新的。）提到不时地更新你的手机。以及下文“Cnstantly update and imprve yurself s that yu can perfrm at yur best.”（不断更新和提高自己，这样你就能发挥出最好的水平。）提到更新和提高自己的好处。结合选项C项Yu need t d the same t yurself.（你也要对自己做同样的事。）可知，和上下文内容相关，起到上下文的承上启下作用，上下文语意连贯。故选C项。
【20题详解】
根据上文“If yu want t be financially rich, yu can’t just d nthing abut yur finances.”（如果你想在经济上富有，你不能对你的财务状况什么都不做。）提到财务状况的情况，由此可推知，空格处内容应为具体的管理财务的做法。以及下文“Yu need t learn hw t manage yur wealth t.”（你也需要学习如何管理你的财富。）结合选项B项Yu need t track, plan, invest, and save.（你需要跟踪、计划、投资和储蓄。）符合此推断，同时引起下文，上下文语意连贯。故选B项。
第三部分：语言知识运用
第一节 完形填空
【答案】21. B 22. A 23. C 24. C 25. D 26. A 27. C 28. D 29. B 30. D 31. D 32. B 33. C 34. B 35. A 36. D 37. A 38. C 39. B 40. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章采用了倒叙的手法，讲述了作者11岁的时候被母亲带着去约塞米蒂国家公园，当地的文化深深地震撼了作者，她决定在自己有了家以后也要带着孩子到曾经的世界文明的中心地带感受古老文明的遗迹。
【21题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我母亲想庆祝我从流感中康复，开车送我们去约塞米蒂国家公园。A. prve证明；B. celebrate庆祝；C. ensure确保；D. speed加速。根据下文“my recvery frm flu(我从流感中康复)”以及“t Ysemite Natinal Park(去约塞米蒂国家公园)”可知此处上下文说的是病好了，要去公园，分析四个选项，B项“celebrate(庆祝)”表达的含义与句子表达的含义一致，放在句中意为“庆祝我从流感中康复”，与句子表达的含义一致，故选B项。
【22题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. drve开车；B. led带领；C. rushed冲；D. dragged拖；拉。根据下文“It’s mre than seven decades, but I still remember ur car(70多年了，但我仍然记得我们的车)”可知，母亲开始送我去约塞米蒂国家公园，故选A项。
【23题详解】
考查非谓语动词词义辨析。句意：70多年了，但我仍然记得我们的车从近一英里长的瓦沃纳隧道出来，看到了著名的风景。A. suffering遭受；B. hiding藏；C. emerging出现；D. starting启动。根据下文“seeing the famus landscape(看到了著名的风景)”可知汽车从隧道里面出来，故选C项。
【24题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我马上就知道我到了一个特别的地方。A. remte遥远的；B. famus著名的；C. special特别的；D. mysterius神秘的。根据下文“Once I had my wn family, I drve my children t experience natinal parks themselves(一旦我有了自己的家庭，我就开车送孩子们去体验国家公园)”以及“Within Chac, we culd explre the remains f an ancient civilizatin that existed lng befre Eurpeans set ft n this cntinent.(在查科，我们可以探索早在欧洲人踏上这片大陆之前就已经存在的古老文明的遗迹)”可知，作者触景生情，计划在将来自己有了孩子以后也要到这个地方来游玩、体验，所以认为这是一个很特别的地方，故选C项。
【25题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：一旦我有了自己的家庭，我就开车送孩子们去体验国家公园。A. preserve保护；B. clean清理；C. design设计；D. experience体验。根据下文“Within Chac, we culd explre the remains f an ancient civilizatin that existed lng befre Eurpeans set ft n this cntinent.(在查科，我们可以探索早在欧洲人踏上这片大陆之前就已经存在的古老文明的遗迹)”可知国家公园有可以探索早在欧洲人踏上这片大陆之前就已经存在的古老文明的遗迹的地方，作者是希望将来有了孩子以后送孩子去体验这些文化，故选D项。
【26题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：最受欢迎的景点之一是美国西南部的一个峡谷查科。A. favrite最喜爱的；B. cnvenient方便的；C. crwded拥挤的；D. suitable合适的。根据下文“Within Chac, we culd explre the remains f an ancient civilizatin that existed lng befre Eurpeans set ft n this cntinent.(在查科，我们可以探索早在欧洲人踏上这片大陆之前就已经存在的古老文明的遗迹)”可知，这里有可以探索早在欧洲人踏上这片大陆之前就已经存在的古老文明的遗迹的地方，是作者最喜爱的地方，故选A项。
【27题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：在查科，我们可以探索早在欧洲人踏上这片大陆之前就已经存在的古老文明的遗迹。A. landscape风景；B. parks公园；C. remains遗迹；D. success成功。根据下文“f an ancient civilizatin(古老文明的……)”可知，古老文明说的是遥远的过去，那个时期的东西已经不存在了，所以空白处填表示“遗迹”含义的名词，故选C项。
【28题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：同上。A. made use f利用；B. gt rid f除掉；C. paid attentin t注意；D. set ft n踏上。根据上文“Eurpeans(欧洲人)”以及下文“this cntinent.(这片土地)”可知此处上下文说的是过去的欧洲人与这片大陆的事，分析四个选项，D项“set ft n(踏上)”符合语境，在句中表示“踏上这片大陆”，与句子表达的含义一致，故选D项。
【29题详解】
考查动词义辨析。句意：我们被该地区的历史所吸引，在那里我们了解到查科著名的古代建筑是如何遍布沙漠景观的，许多社区至今仍与这里保持着联系。A. cmmitted忠诚于；B. drawn吸引；C. accustmed适应；D. assigned分配。根据下文“where we’d learn hw Chac’s famus ancient structures spread acrss the desert landscape, a place t which many cmmunities still maintain cnnectins tday(在那里我们了解到查科著名的古代建筑是如何遍布沙漠景观地区的，许多社区至今仍与这里保持着联系)”可知，这是该地区的历史，能让我们了解到查科著名的古代建筑是如何遍布沙漠景观的，可知该地区的历史吸引着作者，故选B项。
【30题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. came来；B. gt得到；C. went去；D. spread散布。根据上文“Chac’s famus ancient structures(查科著名的古代建筑)”以及下文“the desert landscape(沙漠景观地区)”可知此处上下文说的是查科著名的古代建筑在沙漠地区的情况，分析四个选项，D项“spread(散布)”表达的含义符合语境，在句子中的含义为“查科著名的古代建筑遍布沙漠景观地区”，与句子表达的含义一致，故选D项。
【31题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. ignre忽视；B. imagine 想象；C. suspect怀疑；D. maintain保持。根据上文的“still(仍旧)”以及下文“cnnectin(联系)”可知此处上下文说的是查科著名的古代建筑与今天的社区之间的联系，分析四个选项，D项“maintain(保持)”表示的含义符合语境，在句子中的含义为“与这里保持着联系”，与句子表达的含义一致，故选D项。
【32题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：踏上一千多年前其他人走的通往世界中心的道路，你会感受到自己与这片土地的联系。A. destinatin目的地；B. center中心；C. edge边缘；D. tp顶部。根据下文“what was nce the center f an ancient civilizatin(曾经是古代文明的中心)”可知，这片土地曾经是古代文明的中心，故选B项。
【33题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：有时，我想知道如果他们能向前展望，看看我们是如何对待自然世界的，他们会怎么想。A. back向后；B. arund周围；C. frward向前；D. ut外面。根据下文“see hw we’ve treated the natural wrld(看看我们是如何对待自然世界的)”可知，此处假设了一种情况：他们能看到我们是如何对待自然世界的，他们是向前展望，故选C项。
【34题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：不幸的是，查科周围的景观长期以来一直是石油和天然气钻探的目标，这将破坏曾经是古代文明中心的地方。A. Naturally自然地；B. Unfrtunately不幸地；C. Jyfully喜悦地；D. Accidentally偶然地。根据下文“the landscapes arund Chac have lng been targeted fr il and gas drilling that will damage what was nce the center f an ancient civilizatin(查科周围的景观长期以来一直是石油和天然气钻探的目标，这将破坏曾经是古代文明中心的地方)”可知，查科周围曾经是古代文明的中心，但是这里的景观长期以来一直是石油和天然气钻探的目标，对曾经是古代文明中心的地方造成破坏，空白处应填表示“不幸地”含义的副词，故选B项。
【35题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. targeted被当做目标的；B. meant意思是；C. exchanged交换；D. knwn知名的。根据下文“fr il and gas drilling(石油和天然气钻探)”可知，这个地方要进行石油和天然气钻探，被当作了石油和天然气钻探的目标，故选A项。
【36题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. restre恢复；B. discver发现；C. shelter遮蔽；D. damage破坏。根据上文“il and gas drilling(石油和天然气钻探)”以及下文“what was nce the center f an ancient civilizatin(曾经是古代文明中心)”可推理出，石油和天然气钻探会破坏曾经是古代文明中心的地方，故选D项。
【37题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这就是为什么政府最近保护它的决定如此重要。A. significant重要的；意义重大的；B. surprising令人吃惊的；C. effective有效的；D. apparent显而易见的。根据上文“the landscapes arund Chac have lng been targeted fr il and gas drilling that will damage what was nce the center f an ancient civilizatin(查科周围的景观长期以来一直是石油和天然气钻探的目标，这将破坏曾经是古代文明中心的地方)”可知，查科周围曾经是古代文明的中心，而这里要进行石油和天然气钻探，会破坏古代文明中心，因此政府的保护非常重要，故选A项。
【38题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：古代人会长途跋涉到达这个文化中心，这里留下了继续让我们困惑的谜团。A. frighten吓唬；B. amuse逗乐；C. cnfuse使困惑；D. disappint使失望。根据上文“left behind mysteries(留下了谜团)”可知，古人留下了这些谜团，这些谜团使我们困惑，故选C项。
【39题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：虽然我很感激查科峡谷能得到应有的保护，但我们必须在保护这片土地方面做得更好。A. reputatin名声；B. prtectin保护；C. reward回报；D. attentin注意。根据下文“we must d better in preserving the lands(我们必须在保护这片土地方面做得更好)”可知此处上下文说的是查科峡谷的保护，空白处应填表示“保护”含义的词，故选B项。
【40题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：即使是在约塞米蒂我11岁的时候，我立刻就知道我在一个特别的地方，直到今天，每次我参观查科峡谷时，我仍然有这种感觉。A. immediately立即；B. gradually逐渐地；C. basically主要地；D. prbably可能。根据第一段“I knew immediately I was smewhere special(我马上就知道我到了一个特别的地方)”可知，作者在11岁的时候，刚看到这片风景的时候就立即知道了到了一个特别的地方，这句话是对第一段中句子的重复，可知空白处应填immediately，故选A项。
第三部分 语言知识运用
第二节【答案】41. fficial
42. were tested
43. t cmpse
44. hw 45. The
46. repeated
47. Generally
48. celebrities
49. fr 50. admissin
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。介绍了中国的科举制度。
【41题详解】
考查形容词。句意：这是中国古代选拔人才担任政府官员的一种方法。分析句意可知，名词ffice“办公室”在句中作定语修饰pst“职位”，因此需要改为形容词fficial“官员的，官职的”。故填fficial。
【42题详解】
考查时态和语态。句意：在前三个级别，考生接受了儒家经典知识和特定主题诗歌创作能力的测试。分析句意可知，动词test“测试”在句中作谓语动词，但其与充当主语的复数名词candidates“候选人，应试者”构成被动关系，因为该动作已发生，故使用一般过去时的被动语态，主语是复数，be动词用were。故填were tested。
【43题详解】
考查不定式。句意：在前三个级别，考生接受了儒家经典知识和特定主题诗歌创作能力的测试。分析句意可知，动词cmpse“创造，撰写”在句中作ability“能力”的后置定语，故需要使用不定式。故填t cmpse。
【44题详解】
考查连接词。句意：在最后一级，也被称为殿试，考生需要展示他们是如何分析当代政治问题的。根据句意可知，动词shw“展示”后需要使用连词连接其宾语从句，分析宾语从句结构可知，该句缺少状语，表示“如何”，使用hw连接，在从句中作方式状语。故填hw。
【45题详解】
考查冠词。句意：科举的成功率很低：在唐朝只有2%左右。分析句意可知，此处的名词词组success rate“成功率”特指科举考试的成功率，为特定事物，故词组前使用定冠词the，单词位于句首，首字母大写。故填The。
【46题详解】
考查形容词。句意：许多考生经历了一次又一次的失败，有些人甚至在变老、头发花白的时候仍在继续考试。分析句意可知，动词repeat“重复”在句中作定语修饰failures“失败”，故形容词形式repeated“重复的”符合语境。故填repeated。
【47题详解】
考查副词。句意：一般来说，任何成年男性，无论其财富或社会地位如何，都可以通过科举成为高级公务员。分析句意可知，形容词general“大体的”在句中作状语修饰整个句子，故需要使用副词形式，句首单词首字母大写。故填Generally。
【48题详解】
考查名词复数。句意：中国历史上有很多通过科举取得成功而从社会地位由低下转变为政治名人的人的例子。分析句意可知，名词celebrity“名人”在句中作介词宾语，且空格前没有表示单数的冠词和量词，故需要使用复数形式。故填celebrities。
【49题详解】
考查介词。句意：科举是韩国和日本等其他亚洲和西方国家公务员制度的典范。分析句意可知，此处需要填写介词fr，构成短语serve as a mdel fr，意为“作为……的榜样/典范”。故填fr。
【50题详解】
考查名词。句意：在19世纪末，英国公务员管理局的录取取决于古典文学考试的成功。分析句意可知，动词admit“允许进入，加入”在句中作主语，需要改为名词admissin，此处为不可数名词。故填admissin。
第四部分：写作
短文改错
【答案】1. share后加with
2. whm→ wh/that
3. mdels→ mdel
4. have→ has
5. Therefre→ Hwever
6. it→ them
7. greatly→ great
8. vercme→ vercming
9. inspiring→ inspired
10.去掉in
【解析】
【导语】本文是记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者的姐姐一直是她的榜样。她用微笑克服挑战的方式提醒她，积极的心态可以克服任何困难。在她的故事的启发下，作者会努力以同样的决心实现自己的梦想。
【51题详解】
考查介词。句意：今天，我想和大家分享一些关于我姐姐的事情，她给了我很多启发。share with smebdy表示“和某人分享” 。故在share后加with。
【52题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：今天，我想和大家分享一些关于我姐姐的事情，她给了我很多启发。先行词是sister，关系词在定语从句中作主语，用wh或that引导定语从句 。故将whm改为wh或that。
【53题详解】
考查名词。句意：由于她的决心，她一直是我的榜样。表示姐姐是榜样，用单数名词 。故将mdels改为mdel。
【54题详解】
考查主谓一致。句意：我的姐姐目前正在上大学，追求成为一名医生的梦想，一路上遇到了许多障碍。主语是单数谓语也用单数 。故将have改为has。
【55题详解】
考查副词。句意：然而，她从来没有因为这些挫折而灰心丧气。前后表示转折，姐姐遇到很多障碍但是没有灰心丧气。故将Therefre改为Hwever。
【56题详解】
考查代词。句意：相反，她把它变成了成功的垫脚石。代词指代these setbacks，用复数them 。故将it改为them。
【57题详解】
考查形容词。句意：她实现目标的决心教会了我永不放弃的重要性。 形容词修饰名词imprtance作定语。故将greatly改为great。
【58题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：她用微笑克服挑战的方式提醒我，积极的心态可以克服任何困难。 介词t后用动名词作宾语。故将vercme改为vercming。
【59题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：总之，在她的故事的启发下，我会努力追随她的脚步，以同样的决心实现自己的梦想。激励和主语I是被动关系，用过去分词作状语 。故将inspiring改为inspired。
【60题详解】
考查介词。句意：总之，在她故事的启发下，我会努力追随她的脚步，以同样的决心实现自己的梦想。fllw是及物动词，后面不需要介词。故去掉in。
书面表达
【答案】 The majrity f us hld that having mre friends equals greater happiness. I am hardly in line with this pinin as I strngly/firmly believe true happiness in friendship lies nt in quantity but in quality when it cmes t interpersnal relatinships.
Having a smaller circle f clse friends cnnects us mre clsely, enabling us t fcus n develping deeper and mre sincere cnnectins within us. Besides, true friends are thse wh will be there fr us when we face ups and dwns in life and wh will supprt us thrugh thick and thin. On the cntrary, it takes a great amunt f time and energy t maintain the friendship amng numerus friends, which is a waste t sme extent.
In cnclusin/T cnclude/In shrt, having a few true friends is enugh t bring happiness and meaning t ur life.
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生写一篇关于友谊的英语文章，向学校英语园投稿。
【详解】1.词汇积累
支持：supprt→in supprt f
认为：believe→figure
几乎不：hardly→seldm
观点：pinin→view
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Having a smaller circle f clse friends cnnects us mre clsely, enabling us t fcus n develping deeper and mre sincere cnnectins within us.
拓展句：Having a smaller circle f clse friends cnnects us mre clsely, which enables us t fcus n develping deeper and mre sincere cnnectins within us.
【点睛】[高分句型1]On the cntrary, it takes a great amunt f time and energy t maintain the friendship amng numerus friends, which is a waste t sme extent. (运用which引导的非限制性定语从句)
[高分句型2]The majrity f us hld that having mre friends equals greater happiness. (运用了that引导宾语从句)
听力原文
(Text 1)
W: It’s January, and it’s been raining the whle mnth. Hw lng des the rainy seasn last here?
M: Abut fur mnths. It begins in early Nvember and lasts until February.
(Text 2)
M: Can yu pass me the salt and pepper, please? My fd desn’t taste very gd. It has n taste. Hw’s yurs?
W: It’s OK. It’s just a little ht.
(Text 3)
M: What are yu learning in schl right nw, Jennifer?
W:We’re learning t make sculptures, Dad! It’s amazing. I can nw make a beautiful sculpture ut f nthing. Next, we will learn hw t take gd pictures. Then we will learn hw t draw.
(Text 4)
W: Have yu finished decrating yur huse yet?
M: N, I’ve nly just finished the bathrm. It’s taken such a lng time. I’ve still gt the kitchen and the living rm t d.
(Text 5)
W: What happened t yu, yung man? Why are yu in the hspital?
M: I brke my leg while playing ftball at schl. My friend kicked me instead f the ball. It hurts a lt! I hpe yu can fix it.
(Text 6)
W: Oh n. I dn’t have Amanda’s phne number.
M: What’s wrng, Miyak?
W: Amanda said we shuld get tgether again and that I shuld call her. But I dn’t have her phne number.
M: I see... Well, dn’t wrry abut it. Fr Americans, that’s usually a friendly way t say gdbye. It’s like when Americans say “Hell, hw are yu?” But they dn’t want yu t tell them hw yu are. It’s just a friendly greeting.
W: S saying “Let’s get tgether smetime” is similar t that?
M: Yeah, that’s right.
(Text 7)
W: David, have yu heard the news? Our schl team is in the finals.
M: I knw. I watched the match n TV last night.
W: D yu think they were gd?
M: They certainly were. A grup f us have decided t g and supprt them in the finals. Will yu cme alng, t?
W: I’m nt sure. When is it?
M: It’s n Saturday afternn at 3:30 and we’ll gather at the schl gate at 3:00. S, are yu cming?
W: N. I dn’t think s. I’ve gt a pian lessn at 2:30 every Saturday.
M: Can’t yu have it n anther day?
W: But my mther really likes it.
M: Cme n, Lisa. This is the finals. Our schl team has been wrking hard and they need ur supprt.
W: Well, let me talk with my mm first, kay?
M: Once yu have made a decisin, just give me a call.
(Text 8)
M: This is William Brwn, what can I d fr yu?
W: Mr Brwn, I may have yur mbile phne.
M: Oh, yes. I thught I had lst it smewhere n the undergrund this mrning.
W: Actually I fund it under a table at a restaurant and I thught I shuld call the wrk number I fund in its directry.
M: Thank yu s much. I appreciate yu calling me. I just thught I need t buy a new ne as sn as pssible.
W: It was just the right thing t d. I wrk in TC Bank n Rsevelt Street and I leave at abut five, s please cme t pick it up befre then.
M: OK. See yu then and thanks again.
(Text 9)
W: Hi, prfessr White.
M: Hi, Maggie.
W: It’s been a week since yu arrived at the city. D yu like yur ffice?
M: Yeah, it’s great t have s much rm and I lve the sea view.
W: Glad t hear that. D yu need any equipment r supplies?
M: Well, I’ll give a presentatin at an nline cnference next week. Is it pssible t get a web camera fr the cmputer?
W: N prblem. It’s already at the tp f ur agenda. We encurage using technlgy t cmmunicate with verseas schlars rather than expensive traveling.
M: Exactly. It’s s much easier and cheaper t d things that way.
W: Anything else?
M: Well, I hpe I’m nt asking t much, but can I get a new chair? This ne is really uncmfrtable.
W: I think that’s an ld chair. Srry abut that. Is there a specific kind yu want, like a flding chair r a rcking ne?
M: I just like ne that rises up and dwn and has arms.
W: Sure, I gt it.
M: Thanks.
(Text 10)
W: What is life like fr tday’s students? Hw d they treat mney? As the university and cllege terms began, I interviewed a few students. Sarah is a secnd-year bilgy student. She says that mney is a big prblem. She can eat cheaply at university, but she spends quite a lt n transprt. She als spends quite a lt n stylish clthes. Clin, wh is studying engineering, says that he desn’t spend anything n clthes unless cunting climbing shes and special tls, sme f which are very expensive. Nt much f his mney ges n transprt because he likes t ride his bike arund. Diana is a first-year designing student. She makes all her wn clthes. This shuld save her mney. But in fact, the materials are very expensive. She des nt knw hw she wuld manage if she did nt sell sme f the dresses and hats she made t ther students. She says that everything is expensive. That includes rent, fd, transprt and heating fr the flat in winter. Jack is a science student. He desn’t spend much mney n clthes but his rent is high and he spends quite a lt n bks, s he is ding part-time jbs t affrd all f these.
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