专题02+动词+&+情态动词（讲练）-2024年中考英语二轮复习讲义+练习（全国通用）

这是一份专题02+动词+&+情态动词（讲练）-2024年中考英语二轮复习讲义+练习（全国通用），文件包含专题02动词情态动词讲练原卷版docx、专题02动词情态动词讲练解析版docx等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共32页， 欢迎下载使用。
中考总复习一般分为三轮：
1、第一轮复习为基础知识的单元、章节复习。通过第一轮的复习，使学生系统掌握基础知识、基本技能和方法，形成明晰的知识网络和稳定的知识框架。
2、第二轮复习打破章节界限实行大单元、小综合、专题式复习。第二轮复习绝不是第一轮复习的压缩文档，而是一个知识点综合、巩固、完善、提高的过程。复习的主要任务及目标是：完成各部分知识的条 理，归纳，糅合，使各部分知识成为一个有机的整体。
3、第三轮复习是知识、能力深化巩固的阶段。复习资料的组织以中考题及模拟题为主，回扣教材，查缺补漏，进行强化训练。同时，要教给学生一些必备的应试技巧和方法，使学生有足够的自信从容地面对中考。
专题02 动词，情态动词
动词是表示人或事物动作和状态的词。按照其语法功能，动词分为行为动词、系动词、助动词及情态动词四类。行为动词又叫实义动词，分为及物动词(后面必须跟宾语意义才完整的动词),不及物动词(本身意义不完整，其后不能接宾语的动词)；系动词(不能独立作谓语，必须与表语一起构成谓语)；助动词(本身没有词义，不能独立作谓语，只能和别的动词一起构成谓语的词，这类词表示时态、语态、语气等特征，帮助构成否定、疑问等)；情态动词(本身有一定意义，但没有人称和数的变化，不能单独使用，必须和实义动词一起构成句子的谓语，表示说话者的情感、态度和语气)
动词的种类
1.（2023·广州）She was in great fear and culdn’t think. This nly caused her t ______ farther int the pl.
A. drpB. swimC. jumpD. search
【透析】考查动词辨异。篇章大语境：Susan参加水族馆鲸鱼训练员比赛时在水下遇到意外，幸运的是她被一头鲸鱼救了。小语境：她在水下，腿没有知觉，大脑不能思考，故会_______. drp丢掉；swim游泳；jump跳跃；search搜找。根据这个A符合语境。答案选A。
2. (2023·江苏扬州) We dn’t ________ much frm the kids because they can’t understand the value f this wrk.
A. expressB. excuseC. expectD. explain
【答案】C
【解析】句意：我们对孩子们期望不高，因为他们无法理解这项工作的价值。
考查动词辨析。express表达；excuse原谅；expect要求，指望；explain解释。根据“because they can’t understand the value f this wrk.”可知，不能对孩子有太高的期望，故选C。
3. (2023·江苏无锡) —Let’s g and get smething t eat. What d yu ________?
—Hw abut fish and chips?
A. suggestB. imagineC. suppseD. insist
【答案】A
【解析】句意：——我们去吃点东西吧。你有什么建议？——鱼和薯条怎么样？
考查动词辨析。suggest建议；imagine想象；suppse设想；insist坚持。根据“Hw abut fish and chips”可知，询问对方的建议，故选A。
4. （2023·广州·语法选择）He __ __ eat big meals and did nt g hungry any mre.
A. culdB. mightC. shuldD. must
【答案】A
【解析】句意：他能够吃掉大餐，再也没有挨饿了。
culd能够；might可能；shuld应该；must必须。根据“ big meals and did nt g hungry any mre.”可知是能吃掉大餐。故选A。
5. （2023·武汉）—Excuse me, but we ________ wait in line t get n the subway.
—I’m srry.
A. mightB. wuldC. culdD. shuld
【答案】D
【解析】句意：——对不起，我们应该排队上地铁。——我很抱歉。
考查情态动词辨析。might可以；wuld将；culd可以；shuld应该。根据“but we …wait in line t get n the subway”可知，应该排队上地铁，故选D。
一、实义动词
实义动词按其后是否需要接宾语，可分为及物动词和不及物动词
动词辨异！
在实义动词中，中考考题主要考查动词用法的辨异，经常出现在单项选择和完形填空中，是中考一大重要考点。
二、连系动词

三、助动词
四、情态动词
动词辨异
1. (2023·武汉) — The hair prduct is being ________ at present.
— Yu mean if it’s up t the standard, it will be put n the market sn.
A. usedB. testedC. shwnD. sld
2. (2023·湖北荆州) —Hangzhu will hld the 19th Asian Games frm September 23 t Octber 8, 2023.
—Right. Players will _______ in frty sprts, such as swimming, table tennis and vlleyball.
A. cmpeteB. believeC. imagineD. advise
3. (2023·湖北黄石) In April, the weather in sme places in Hubei is really changeable. Peple may ________ fur seasns in ne week.
A. rganizeB. describeC. checkD. experience
4. (2023·江苏扬州) We dn’t ________ much frm the kids because they can’t understand the value f this wrk.
A. expressB. excuseC. expectD. explain
5. (2023·江苏无锡) —Let’s g and get smething t eat. What d yu ________?
—Hw abut fish and chips?
A. suggestB. imagineC. suppseD. insist
6 (2023·山东滨州)—Our parents ften ________ us nt t talk with strangers n the Internet.
—That’s true. As teenagers, we shuld learn t prtect urselves.
A. warnB. inviteC. cntrlD. prmise
7.—Is Taylr Swift the mst ppular cuntry music singer?
—I ________ s. She has wn s many awards and her cncerts are the mst ppular.
A. hpeB. dubtC. suppseD. imagine
8. Nbdy believes Jack because he always ________ thers.
A. cheatB. cnsiderC. helpD. dislike
9. —The________yu wrte abut the film is wnderful.
——Thanks.
A. renew B. review C. recycle D. reuse
10.—N way, I wn’t sleep in this sleeping bag.
—S what d yu ________, Mark? It’s a camp, nt a htel.
A. expectB. wishC. suggestD. imagine
11. —Dinner is ready. Help yurself, please!
—Ww! It _________ delicius.
A. tastesB. sundsC. turnsD. gets
12. —Hw much is the cmputer? Is it expensive?
—N, it’s nt t expensive. It nly _______ me 300 dllars.
A. cstB. lstC. spentD. tk
13.The BBC dcumentary Du Fu: China’s Greatest Pet _________ Du t William Shakespeare, ne f the greatest writers f the West.
A. cnsidersB. cnnectsC. cmparesD. cmplains
14. —I hear yu’re rganizing a trip t the game next week. _________ me in!
—N prblem. Just keep in tuch n WeChat.
A. MatterB. LeaveC. CuntD. Mind
15.—Hw lng des it take t get t Taizhu frm Nanjing by train?
—Maybe ne hur. But why nt ________ it n Baidu?
A. fixB. designC. lkD. check
16.—N way, I wn’t sleep in this sleeping bag.
—S what d yu ________, Mark? It’s a camp, nt a htel.
A. expectB. wishC. suggestD. imagine
17. Yu dn’t need t ________ yurself with thers. Believe in yurself.
A．crrectB．cnnectC．cmpareD．cmmunicate
18. Schls shuld ________ students t frm gd wrking habits thrugh labr(劳动) educatin.
A. frce B. encurageC. warnD. prmise
19. The huge fire ______ the whle factry and killed 121 wrkers.
A. kept B. prtected C. destryed D. damaged
20. —Why d yu like this htel?
—Because it can _______ custmers with best service.
A. prvides B. serve C. state D. ffer
21. When Simn ________ that there was a new student in the classrm, he said hell t her.
A. nticed B. prmised C. planned D. decided
22. He has _____ frm a pr yung man t a successful business man.
A. raised B. spread C. traded D. risen
28. The news f victry ________ quickly and everyne in the twn was very excited.
A. recrdedB. discussedC. spreadD. plluted
23. If yu always___________ yurself with thers, yu may have tns f pressure.
I agree. We shuld believe in urselves.
A. cmpare B. cmplain C. cnnect D. cnsider
24. They all why the little girl culd sing s difficult an English sng.
A. wndered B. believed C. wanted D. expected
25. The female scientist Yan Ning ________ t leave the US and return t China in Nvember 2022. The news caught many peple’s attentin.
A．preferredB．warnedC．prvedD．annunced
26.—The reprt says ne f the rganizers is still __________ by the plice.
—If I find the rganizer, I will reprt it t the plice at nce.
A．caught B．wantedC．missedD．questined
27.—D yu think Karen will be a great dctr?
—In fact, being a dctr ________ carefulness, but she is careless smetimes.
A．repeatsB．receivesC．reducesD．requires
28.—What d yu think f the mvie Avatar: The Way Of Water?
—Great. It _________ abut 3 hurs, but n ne left early.
A．cveredB．remained C．lastedD．shwed
29.—Yu may brrw sme mney frm yur friend Tm.
—Frget it. Tm and I just met a cuple f times, but we dn’t really _________.
A．careB．spareC．cverD．cnnect
30. —D yu think Jhn can win a prize in the Wuhan Marathn?
—Impssible nw. He was ________ t d s, but he has just hurt his leg.
A．advisedB．requiredC．suppsedD．requested
情态动词练习
1.（2023·湖北鄂州）—_________ I take phts here?
—Srry, yu can’t. It’s nt allwed in the museum.
A. MustB. NeedC. CanD. Will
2. （2023·湖北黄石）Yung Chinese peple ________ keep the mtherland at heart, aim high, and have their feet firmly n the grund.
A. shuldB. canC. mayD. need
3. （2023·湖北荆州）—Yu _______ take the subway t the airprt, fr I can drive yu there directly.
—That’s very kind f yu.
A. can’tB. needn’tC. mustn’tD. shuldn’t
4.（2023·襄樊）. —Des the sprts watch belng t Mary?
—It ________ be hers. She is the nly ne wh wears the sprts watch in ur class.
A. can’tB. mustC. mightD. culd
5.（2023·江苏连云港 ）Earthquakes can be very dangerus. We ________ learn t prtect urselves.
A. mightB. shuldC. culdD. wuld
6.（2023·江苏无锡 ） Oh, cme n! ________ yu dubt everything I say? I’m nt a three-year-ld!
A. Can’tB. CanC. Mustn’tD. Must
7.（2023·江苏镇江 ）5. The new app abut fashin is really free and yu ________ pay mney fr it.
A. mayB. mustC. shuldn’tD. needn’t
8.（2023·河北 ）If we ________ find a better way, we’ll finish the jb faster.
A. canB. can’tC. mustD. mustn’t
9.（2023· 天津）—Wuld yu like t visit Tianjin University tmrrw?
—Srry, I’m afraid I ________. I’ll wrk as a vlunteer in my cmmunity.
A. canB. can’tC. mustD. mustn’t
10.（2023· 云南）—Excuse me, may I use my phne nw?
—Srry, yu ________. The plane is taking ff.
A. needB. needn’tC. canD. can’t
11. —Excuse me. Can yu tell me what time it is nw? —Srry, I _________. My watch desn’t wrk.
A. can’t B. may nt C. mustn’t D. needn’t
12. —It's quite bright here. Let's just keep the windw pen. —Yes. We________ leave the light n.
A. culdn't B. shuldn't C. will D. wuldn't
13. —What d yu think we cmmn peple ________ d fr ur mtherland during the Cvid-19 breakut? —I think we ________ d anything except staying at hme and d sme exercise t keep urselves fit.
A. must; can’t B. may; mustn’t C. need; shuldn’t. D. can; needn’t
14.— _______ we clean the classrm at nce?
— N, yu _______. Yu _______ clean it after schl.
A. Must; needn’t; may B. Must; mustn’t; can C. Shall; can’t; must D. Need; mustn’t; may
15. .Mike, yu play with fire. Yu burn yurself.
A. wn't; can't B. have gt t; shuldn't C. dn't have t; must D. mustn't; might
16. — Whse backpack is this?
— It _______ be Jim’s. Lk, his student’s card is in it.
A. must B. can C. mustn’t D. can’t
17.As middle schl students, we fllw the public rules wherever we g.
A. wuldB. shuldC. mightD. culd
18.–Mum, may I g t see a film with my cusin?
- Yu _______ g if yu have finished yur hmewrk.
A. mustB. needC. shuldD. can
19.-Sme peple dn't shw their talents at the very beginning.
-I agree. Even Einstein ____________ read until he was seven.
A. can'tB. mustn'tC. culdn'tD. needn't
20.The designer has tried every pssible way t make the rbt light, s yu _____ wrry abut its weight..
A. mustB. mayC. can’tD. needn’t
21.Accrding t the ntice, guests at this htel __________use the sprts center at n extra cst.
A. canB. shuldC. mustD. need
22.We dn’t allw taking magazines ut, but yu ____________ cpy the article yu need n the machine ver there.
A. canB. mustC. shuldD. wuld
23.-It's t ht._ ______ I swim in the lake?
-N, yu____. That's t dangerus!
A. Shuld; can't B. Need; mustn't C. Must; needn't D. Culd; can't
24.-Can we walk acrss the rad nw?
-N, we________. We have t wait until the light turns green.
A. culdn't B. needn't C. shuldn't D. mustn't
25.-Mm,____I play cmputer games this evening?
-Sure, but yu________ finish yur hmewrk first.
A. can；must B. can；mustn't C. may；culd D. may；can't
26. Maths isn’t very difficult. Yu ________ be afraid f it. Yu can cme and ask fr help.
A. mustn’t B. can’t C. wuldn’t D. needn’t
27. Yu ______ g and see a dctr if yu are nt well befre Mnday.
A. culdn’t B. had better C. shuldn’t D. need t
28. —D I have t hand in my reprt nw? —Of curse, yu ________. We’re ging t discuss it.
A. can B. can’t C. must D. mustn’t
29. Yu ______ wrk n yur wn in the lab. It is against the rules!
A. mustn’t B. needn’t C. wn’t D. culdn’t
30. —Daniel, yu _________ spread the bks all ver the flr. It is a rule. —Srry, I wn’t.
A. culdn’t B. needn’t C. mustn’t D. wuldn’t
用法
示例
及物动词
（1）带一个宾语
If yu have any questins, yu can raise yur hands.
你们如果有问题，可以举手。
（2）带双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语）
间接宾语常指人，直接宾语常指物
My parents gave me a nice gift n my birthday.
我的父母在我生日那天给了我一份精美的礼物。
（= My parents gave a nice gift t me n my birthday.）
I will buy yu a new dictinary. 我会给你买一本新词典。
（= I will buy a new dictinary fr yu.）
（3）带复合宾语（宾语+宾语补足语）
Please keep the dr pen. 请开着门。
Our teachers tell us t study hard.
老师告诉我们要努力学习。
不及物动词
（1）不带宾语
They are running n the playgrund.
他们正在运动场上跑步。
（2）后加介词+宾语
Please lk at the blackbard and listen t me.
请看黑板，听我说。
常用连系动词
词义
例句
be
是
I’m a girl with shrt hair.
becme
成为，变得
Mike becmes interested in Chinese.
turn
变得
Mr. White’s face turned red.
get
变得
The weather is getting bad.
smell
闻起来
The flwers smell nice.
sund
听起来
The plan sunds gd.
taste
尝起来
The sup tastes delicius.
stay
保持
The shp stays pen till 8 pm.
grw
成长，变得
Her hair is grwing white.
keep
保持
The girl keeps silent all the time.
feel
感到，摸起来
The cat feels very sft
lk
看起来
My mther lks very yung.
注意
1.连系动词不能单独作谓语，其后必须接形容词、名词或介词短语作表语
2.含连系动词(be除外)的句子变疑问句时一定要借助助动词d, des, did等
助动词
用 法
例 句
be
be(am, is, are; was, were)+动词的现在分词，用于现在进行时和过去进行时
I am washing my clthes. 我在洗衣服。
What is Tm ding? 汤姆在做什么？
We were watching TV when the alarm went ff.
我们正在看电视，突然警报响了。
be(am, is, are; was, were; will be; have/has been)+动词的过去分词，用于被动语态
Is Japanese taught in yur schl? 你们学校教日语吗？
The building was destryed in the earthquake. 大楼在地震中被毁。
Where will a new library be built in ur city next year?
明年我们城市将在哪里建一座新图书馆？
The task hasn’t been finished yet. 任务还没有完成。
d
d(des, did)用于一般现在时和一般过去时
We dn’t g t schl n weekends. 我们周末不上学。
What time des Jack get up? 杰克什么时候起床？
Did Mary call yu this mrning? 玛丽早上给你打电话了吗？
have
have(has, had)+动词的过去分词，用于现在完成时和过去完成时
I haven’t been there befre. 我以前没去过那儿。
Lucy has passed her driving test. 露西已通过了驾驶执照考试。
will/shall
will/shall(wuld/shuld)+动词原形，用于一般将来时和过去将来时
I will visit the UK next week. 下周我要去英国。
When shall we meet again? 我们什么时候再见面？
He said he wuld cme t see me if he was free.
他说如果他有空就来看我。
情态动词
用 法
例 句
can和culd
(1) 表示能力，意为“能；会”，culd用作can的过去式
She can drive, but she can’t ride a bike.
她会开车，但不会骑自行车。
She culdn’t speak Chinese when she came t ur schl last year.
去年她刚来我们学校时还不会说中文。
(2) 表示请求、许可，意为“可以”，两者皆可用，此时的culd并不表示过去，只是语气比can更委婉
Yu can g there nw. 你可以现在去那儿。
— Can/Culd I use yur bicycle?
我可以用你的自行车吗？
— Yes, f curse yu can. 当然可以。（允许对方时，不可用culd应答）
(3) 表示客观可能性或推测，意为“可能”，can常用于否定句和疑问句中；culd并不表示过去，只是表示可能性小，多用于肯定句和否定句中
The girl in the classrm can’t be Mary. She has gne t the library. 教室里的女孩不可能是玛丽，她去图书馆了。
He culd be in Lndn. 他可能在伦敦。
must和
have t
(1) must表示“必须”，否定式mustn’t表示“禁止；不准；不允许”
I must finish the wrk tday.
我必须今天完成工作。
Cars mustn’t be parked here. 此处禁止停车。
(2) must表示非常肯定的猜测，意为“一定；准是”，只用于肯定句。在否定句和疑问句中用can’t，表示“不可能”
He must be at hme. The light is n.
他一定在家，灯亮着呢。
He can’t be at hme. He is n business.
他不可能在家，他出差了。
(3) have t意为“必须；不得不”，表示客观实际的需要，有人称和时态的变化；must表示说话人主观上的看法，即主观上的必要，无人称和时态的变化
If he misses the last bus, he will have t walk hme.
如果他错过末班车，他将不得不走回家。（表示客观实际）
Yu must stp smking.
你必须戒烟。（表示主观意愿）
(4) 否定式dn’t have t表示“不必”，mustn’t表示“禁止；不准”
— Must I finish all the wrk tday?
我必须今天完成全部工作吗？
— Yes, yu must. / N, yu dn’t have t. / N, yu needn’t. 是的，必须。/ 不，不必。
Yu mustn’t stp yur car here. 此处禁止停车。
need
(1) need作情态动词，意为“需要”，后接动词原形，没有人称、数和时态的变化，常用于疑问句和否定句中。否定式needn’t，意为“不必”
It’s Sunday tday. Yu needn’t get up s early.
今天星期天，你不必起得这么早。
Need I pst yur bks t yu?
需要我把书寄给你吗？
(2) need作实义动词，意为“需要；有必要”，有人称、数和时态的变化，后接名词、代词、动词不定式或动名词等
D yu need any help? 你需要帮助吗？
She didn’t need t g t schl yesterday.
她昨天不需要去上学。
shuld和
ught t
(1) 表示义务、责任、建议、劝告，意为“应该；应当”
Yung peple shuld respect ld peple.
晚辈应该尊重长辈。
Yu ught t talk with yur father abut it.
你应该和你的父亲谈谈这件事。
(2) 表示推测，意为“应该；估计”
They shuld be hme by nw, I think.
我想他们现在总该到家了吧。
It ught t be Tm. 应该是汤姆。
had better
意为“最好”“应该”，后接动词原形，had通常缩略为’d。否定式为had better nt
Yu’d better get sme sleep.
你最好去睡一会儿。
Yu’d better nt g there by yurself.
你最好不要一个人去那里。
used t
意为“过去经常”，后接动词原形
He used t live in Paris.
他过去一直住在巴黎。
Did yu use t be a teacher?
你过去是当老师的吗？
They didn’t use t live here.
他们过去没住在这儿。