专题05+构词法（讲练）-2024年中考英语二轮复习讲义+练习（全国通用）

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中考总复习一般分为三轮：
1、第一轮复习为基础知识的单元、章节复习。通过第一轮的复习，使学生系统掌握基础知识、基本技能和方法，形成明晰的知识网络和稳定的知识框架。
2、第二轮复习打破章节界限实行大单元、小综合、专题式复习。第二轮复习绝不是第一轮复习的压缩文档，而是一个知识点综合、巩固、完善、提高的过程。复习的主要任务及目标是：完成各部分知识的条 理，归纳，糅合，使各部分知识成为一个有机的整体。
3、第三轮复习是知识、能力深化巩固的阶段。复习资料的组织以中考题及模拟题为主，回扣教材，查缺补漏，进行强化训练。同时，要教给学生一些必备的应试技巧和方法，使学生有足够的自信从容地面对中考。
专题05 构词法
词类的构成考点主要分布在语法填空中，懂得词类的构成对我们平时学习英语帮助极大。
1. （江苏泰州）Beijing, the capital f China, is wrld’s ________ (ne) city t hst Olympic Games twice.
【答案】first
【解析】句意：中国首都北京是世界上第一个两次举办奥运会的城市。根据“city t hst Olympic Games twice”可知，此处是指第一个两次举办奥运会的城市，表示顺序用序数词first“第一”。故填first。
2. （江苏泰州）With the ________ (develp) f the sciety, mre and mre peple devte their energy t charity.
【答案】develpment
【解析】句意：随着社会的发展，越来越多的人将精力投入到慈善事业中。空格位于“the”和“f”之间，用名词形式develpment“发展”，固定短语with the develpment f“随着……的发展”。故填develpment。
3. （2023·江苏泰州）Audibks(有声读物) are s welcme that the number f the listeners is increasing ________ (rapid).
【答案】rapidly
【解析】句意：有声读物是如此受欢迎，听众的数量正在增加。此处在句中修饰动词，用副词形式，故填rapidly。
（2023·深圳一模）
Hw much d yu knw abut Wushu? Wushu, als knwn as martial arts, is ne f the earliest ___36___ (sprt) in China. It uses bth bdy and brain. What’s mre, Wushu is an utstanding example f ___37___ (traditin) Chinese culture. It can explain ___38___ Chinese peple understand the wrld. Over its lng histry, Wushu ___39___ (develp) int a special unity f exercise, self-prtectin and art.
As a sprt and ___40___ artistic frm, Wushu wins great ppularity in China. In Shenzhen, sme schls have Wushu classes fr kids. Every training ___41___ (require) students t take it seriusly. Only by training hard can they build up ___42___ (they) bdies and meet the challenges in the future.
As a cmpetitive sprt with great fitness value, Wushu has spread ___43___ (wide) acrss the wrld. Bruce Lee helped make Wushu wrld-famus. Thanks t him, the wrd “kung fu” appeared in many freign language dictinaries. Many Chinese have set up Wushu schls utside China, prviding peple ___44___ the chance t experience the fantastic sprt. During the Hangzhu Asian Games in 2023, mre peple were able ___45___ (enjy) the beauty f Wushu.
【答案】36. sprts 37. traditinal 38. hw 39. has develped 40. an 41. requires
42. their 43. widely 44. with 45. t enjy
37题和43题都是词形变化题
37.句意：更重要 的是，武术是中国传统文化的杰出代表。此处修饰名词短语Chinese culture，用形容词traditinal“传统的”，作定语。故填traditinal。
43.句意：武术作为一项极具健身价值的竞技体育项目，在世界范围内广泛传播。此处修饰动词has spread，用副词形式。故填widely。
（一）合成法
由两个或多个单词连在一起合成一个新词，这种构词法叫作合成法，合成的词叫作合成词。初中阶段最常见的合成词是名词，如：
hmewrk作业ntebk笔记本schlbag书包basketball篮球
ftball足球playgrund操场birthday生日pstcard明信片
weekend周末bathrm浴室 bedrm卧室classrm教室
fireman消防员pliceman警察pstman邮递员 rainbw彩虹
spaceship宇宙飞船 spacesuit宇航服snwman雪人gentleman绅士
其他常用的合成词：
everyday每天的 hard-wrking努力的nline在线的 utdrs在户外
utside在外面 anybdy/anyne任何人 anything 任何事（物） anywhere任何地方
everybdy/everyne每个人 everything所有事（物） everywhere处处 smebdy/smene某人
smething某事（物） smewhere某处nbdy没人 nthing没有事（物） nwhere无处
（二）派生法
由一个词加上前缀或后缀构成一个与原单词意义相近或截然相反的新词叫作派生法。
1. 前缀：通常变词义，不变词性
2. 后缀：通常变词性
（1）常用的形容词后缀
（2）常用的名词后缀
（3）常用的动词后缀
（4）常用的副词后缀
（5）常用的数词后缀
（三）转化法
一个单词由一种词性转化为另一种或几种词性而词形不变的方法叫作转化法。
一、单项选择
1. Which f the fllwing wrds is frmed in the same way as “implite”?
A. blackbard B. uncertain C. chairpersn D. earthquake
2. We frm a new wrd “________” in a different way frm the ther three.
A. firefighter B. nticebard C. impatient D. greenhuse
3. Which f the fllwing wrds is frmed the same way as “husewrk”?
A. instructinB. uncertainC. cheerfulD. chairpersn
4. We can add prefix “im-” t the fllwing wrds t frm new wrds with the ppsite meaning _______.
A. hnestB. crrectC. cmmnD. partial
5. We can put the prefix “un” befre the fllwing wrds t give them the ppsite meaning EXCEPT________ .
A. activeB. certainC. imprtantD. finished
6. Which f the fllwing wrds has a different prefix t make it have an ppsite meaning?
A. pssibleB. pliteC. crrectD. patient
7. “……Shuld yuthful heads in vain turn grey. we wuld regret fr aye.”
——The River All Red by Xu Yuanchng.
Which wrd is frmed in the same way as “yuthful”?
A. disappearB. dangerusC. ftprintD. impssible
8. An adult panda _________ 100-150 kilgrams. That is t say, its _________ is 100-150 kilgrams.
A. weight; weight B. weighs; weighs C. weight; weighD. weighs; weight
9. He wrks hard and is ften_______. I hpe he will have mre_______ at his business.
A. successful; successB. success; successful C. successfully; successful D. successful; successful
10. — What ______ yu, dad?
—I was ______ that the dg culd d s many useful things fr the disabled.
A. surprised; surprised B. surprising; surprising C. surprised; surprising D. surprising; surprise
二、用词的适当形式填空
1. He hit his hand (heavy) against the wall.
2. — Our neighbur next dr is putting smething n the wall.
— It’s (pssible) t sleep with all that nise.
3. I asked him t help me but he (agree).
4. Sme insects are and we shuld try nt t kill them. (harm)
5. There are many freign (visit) in ur schl tday.
6. It’s very kind f yu t help me with my English with great . (patient)
7. Pr little girl! It is fr her t suffer s much. Let’s give her a hand. (fair)
8. If we dn’t take actin t prtect the frests, they will sn . (appear)
9. Mzart was a famus (music) in the wrld.
10. Li Jun was (lucky) because his car brke dwn yesterday.
11. Yu shuld take an active part in the (discuss).
12. His mther is a nurse and his father is a (manage).
13. The man fund himself (able) t walk and felt hpeless.
14. Amy is a(n) (usual) wman frm America. She is a famus artist nw.
15. It’s (pleasant) t see s much smg in the sky.
16. I want t be a fireman in the future, but my parents （agree）. They want me t becme a dctr.
17. There is a lt f (pllute) in this river.
18. They are just kidding. Dn’t take it (serius).
19. She thinks a gd friend must knw her (true).
20. He invented a machine t peple in wheelchairs t g up the stairs. (able)
21. As we all knw, thinking is really imprtant t students. (dependent)
22. Mst (west) peple like eating fast fd.
23. Hw thse peple deeply influenced by wars wish t live (peace)!
24. My father keeps diaries t remember his (day) life.
25. It was (sun) yesterday, but there is much rain tday.
26. Yu can find thse (climb) names n the hme page f ur club.
27. A lt f (art) perfrm plays, cncerts and peras there.
28. There are fur girls in the shp. (Germany)
29. She wrks (careful) in her schl.
30. I knw he is (aware) f his mistake because he still acts in the same ld way.
31. We all live in a place—the Earth. (beauty)
32. N ne was willing t help the ld man and he felt (help).
33. Smene is singing at the back f the hall. (lud)
34. —Are yu able t fix the TV Mike?
—N, I’m (certainly) that I can d it myself.
35. When yu make a (decide), yu must be careful.
36. Yur (suggest) is f great value and is really wrth taking. Thank yu s much!
37. He was tired ut that he fund himself (able) t mve ut f the htel.
38. Because f the wlf, everyne in the twn is feeling . (easy)
39. He wrte lts f bks fr yung peple. (science)
40. I have gt a headache, s I feel (cmfrtable) nw.
41. Mary is an (Australia) girl, s she knws a lt abut kalas.
42. All the drivers must remember (safe) is first.
43. He didn’t act (nrmal) yesterday and he had few wrds the whle afternn.
44. We shuld help the (able) peple. Life is hard fr them.
45. When I help thers, I have a strng (feel) f satisfactin.
46. Thanks very much fr yur (kind).
47. Thanks fr yur (invite), but I dn’t have time t the party.
48. He cked the sup by putting in t much . (salty)
49. The tired students arrived at the campsite . (final)
50. We ften see sme peple in the street in sme pr cuntries. (hme)
51. My trip t the UK is (educatin).
52. He shuted at a girl. Hw (plite) he was!
53. The tw （travel）were trapped（被困）n the muntain by the terrible strm.
54. She is an excellent (cker). We like her dishes very much.
55. Where can learn mre abut the West Lake in Hangzhu? (tur)
56. The says guests shuld wear evening dress t the party. (invite)
57. This was a very (use) lessn fr her.
58. His (ill) was mre serius than the dctr first thught.
59. Lk! Hw Kate is laughing! (happy)
60. The little girl’s face turned red because f her .(shy)
61. It’s very t play the sccer n the street. (danger)
62. There were nt many peple in the supermarket, s it was .(crwd)
63. Li Ming ges t see his grandparents at a (fix) date every mnth..
64. I can’t understand the (mean)f all the new wrds.
65. Ms Zhang is ur English (teach). She (teach) us well.
66. We were tuched by the f the welcme. (warm)
67. The tw bys like t write stries and want t be (reprt)
68. The weather was (fair) fine s we culd g camping yesterday.
69. The f that bridge is ver 200 metres. (lng)
70. My sister felt s sad t find that it was t clean her favurite T-shirt. (hpe)
71. (lucky) because we didn’t pass the math test yesterday.
72. If yu keep n wrking hard, yu will be (success).
73. Parents ften feel (help), knwing that all the effrts wn't imprve their child's study.
74. (sudden)Alice fell int a hle in the grund yesterday.
75. Many (visit) came t the hmetwn f the great man during the vacatin.
76. All these interesting experiments can ur knwledge.（wide）
77. Many students get (sleep) after a day f classes.
78. They went int the bedrm （quiet）.
79. The measure is nt （suit）fr the farmers.
80. It’s cl and sunny tday. It’s a （relax） day.
81. She likes very much and she wants t be an (art).
82. The red bx is the (heavy) f the five.
83. Many peple knw that the zipper is a great (invent) in ur daily life.
84. A true friend can help yu get ut f (sad) when yu’re unhappy.
85. Many pp stars dislike being asked (persn) questins in public.
86. Jim's English magazine isn't as (interest) as that ne.
87. Yu shuld make an aplgy t her fr yur ( careless) .
88. I think friendship is much (value) than mney .
89. Panda is kind f (lve) animal, I like it very much.
90. It is t eat lts f chclate befre the main meals. (health)
91. He practices (care) this week than last week.
92. Wu Jing is a well-knwn （ direct）. He is ppular amng film lvers.
93. T my disappintment, the new mvie is s (meaning).
94. Please make a (decide) t chse which ne is the best.
95. The plan is nt a new (discver), it’s been knwn fr years.
96. It will be a gd (chse) t take the high-speed train t Yancheng frm Suqian next year.
97. Every child wants t be the (prud) f their parents.
98. If yu dn’t have a deep lve fr smething, dn’t be (satisfy) until yu find ne.
99. Wild animals which are nw in danger need ur (prtect).
100. The man is still an (knw) writer, but he is sure t be famus.
101.Nthing is a waste if we have a (create) mind.
102.The teacher tld us t pay attentin t (spell) English wrds.
103. Each f us spke at the meeting (active).
104．His ________(knw) f English is very limited.
105．Everyne is brn with the ________ t learn. (able)
106．With the help f the teacher, there has been a great ________ in her spken English. (imprve)
107.Wuld yu tell me the (prnunce) f the new wrd?
108. Yu can't lse yur ________ with her; instead, yu shuld be _______ with her. (patient)
109.The Spring Festival is ne f the mst imprtant ________(traditin) festivals in China.
110. The Stry f White Snake is s________ that all f us are ________.(tuch)
111.The__________ (die) f Tm’s pet made him rather sad.
112.The game tells children the _____________(imprtant) f sharing lve and jy.
113. What’s the_________ f ding that? He is nt s generus, he is a _______ man. (mean)
114.The by laughed (excite) after he heard the gd news.
115.English is difficult fr me. Can yu give me sme ?(suggest)
116.This 5-year-ld by has such a gd sense f (direct) that he never gets lst.
117.My teacher pinted ut the wrng chice f ________ in my cmpsitin. (express)
118. The UK is an ld ________ cuntry, where there are many palaces and castles. (Eurpe)
119. China is an cuntry, and we cme frm ______________.(Asia)
120.The (lcal) f the Jy City is very gd. It is clse t the Wild Gse Pagda.
121. The htel had a great (celebrate) fr its pening.
122. The bk is based n (histry) events.
123．Gd hbbies can always bring us ___________(happy).
124.Yu can see lts f (natin) flags flying ver the square.
125. The bk describes where the finest tea leaves __________ (prduce).
126.I can't stand the nise here. It's t (nise) and let's find a quiet place.
127.The cmpany is a wrld (lead) in electrical gds.
128.The ld man gave away all his mney t supprt (medicine) research.
129．________(histry) believed Stnehenge was a temple where ancient leaders tried t cmmunicate with the gds.
130.I prefer the mvie is that has a happy ____________(end).
131. The (pain) expressin n her face suggested that she had knwn the sad news.
132.Jerry played the guitar n the shw, and his (perfrm) was s wnderful that peple cheered happily.
133. The visitrs felt ________ after the ________ vacatin. (relax)
134.The bk prvides (value) advice fr teenagers.
135.Mike's father is a (bank). He wrks in a big bank.
136.Winning the gld medal at the Olympic Games brught him (famus).
137.They are wrking t measure the real (weigh) f the elephant.
138. After the discussin, we reached an ________(agree) that we wuld visit the ld peple nce a mnth.
139.Yu must learn hw t cntrl yur (feel) at yur age.
140.After the accident, the ld man was lucky t be__________.(live)
141. Kbe passed away accidentally. He read the news in ___________ ver and ver again. (believe)
142.Teachers' Day is cming. We're ging t hld a (celebrate) fr ur teachers.
143.I was very excited when the (annunce) that I was the winner f the cmpetitin came.
144.The pliceman reprted the new (discver).
145.I think the stry is (believe). I ever heard smething similar.
146.The (transprt) in China is develping quite fast.
147．He always helps thers and his life is full f ________. (please)
148.All kinds f rules made fr children killed their (create).
149.The phts bring back lts f gd___________(memrize).
150.He wants t be strng enugh t vercme all the (difficult).
常用的前缀
示 例
dis-表示否定、相反或相对，可用在动词、名词、形容词前
agree同意→disagree不同意 appear出现→disappear消失
like喜欢→dislike不喜欢 advantage优点→disadvantage缺点
hnest诚实的→dishnest不诚实的
un-, im-, in-, ir-, il-表示否定意义，多用于形容词前
happy开心的→unhappy不开心的 healthy健康的→unhealthy不健康的
plite礼貌的 →implite不礼貌的 pssible可能的→impssible不可能的
crrect正确的→incrrect不正确的 regular规则的→irregular不规则的
legal合法的→illegal不合法的
re-表示“重新；再”，用在动词前
build建造→rebuild重建 cycle循环→recycle再循环
view观察→review复习
常用的形容词后缀
示 例
-able (n./v. →adj.)表示“可以……的；显示……性质”
accept接受→acceptable可接受的 drink喝；饮→drinkable可饮用的
cmfrt舒适→cmfrtable舒服的 fashin时尚→fashinable流行的
value价值→valuable宝贵的
-ful (n. →adj.)表示“充满……的”
beauty美丽→beautiful美丽的 cheer快乐→cheerful快乐的
success成功→successful成功的 harm伤害→harmful有害的
-less (n. →adj.)表示“没有……的”
care谨慎→careless粗心的 hme家 →hmeless无家可归的
life生命→lifeless无生命的 help帮助→helpless无助的
-us (n. →adj.)表示“有……性质的”
danger危险→dangerus危险的 fame名声→famus有名的
humr幽默→humrus幽默的
-y (n. →adj.)表示“有……特征的”
clud云 →cludy多云的 rain雨 →rainy下雨的
health健康→healthy健康的
-ly (n. →adj.)表示“有……性质的”
friend朋友→friendly友好的 lve 爱→lvely可爱的
day一天→daily每天的
-ing/-ed (v. →adj.)表示“有……特征的”
surprise吃惊→surprising令人吃惊的；surprised感到惊讶的
relax放松→relaxing令人轻松的；relaxed放松的，自在的
其他形式：-ish, -ive, -en, -ern, -al等
fl傻瓜→flish愚蠢的 attract吸引→attractive有吸引力的
gld金子→glden金的 suth南方→suthern南方的traditin传统→traditinal传统的
常用的名词后缀
示 例
-er/r (v. →n.)
表示人或物
drive驾驶→driver司机 wrk工作→wrker工人
sing唱歌→singer歌手 speak说话→speaker发言者；扬声器
ck烹饪→cker炉具 cntain容纳→cntainer容器
invent发明→inventr发明家 visit参观→visitr游客
-tin (v. → n.)
表示行为或结果
act行动→actin行动 invent发明→inventin发明
pllute污染→pllutin污染 intrduce介绍→intrductin介绍
celebrate庆祝→celebratin庆祝 invite邀请→invitatin邀请
-ment (v. →n.)
表示行为或结果
agree同意→agreement同意 develp发展→develpment发展
achieve取得成就→achievement成就 annunce宣布→annuncement公告
advertise做广告→advertisement广告
-ness (adj. →n.)
表示性质、状态
happy幸福的→happiness幸福 sad悲伤的→sadness悲伤
ill生病的→illness疾病
-dm (adj./n. →n.)
表示状况、领域
free自由的→freedm自由 wise睿智的→wisdm智慧
king国王→kingdm王国
其他形式：-th, -ty, -ence, -ance, -hd, -ist, -ian, -an, -ese等
dead死的→death死亡 true真实的→truth真相
safe安全的→safety安全 difficult困难的→difficulty困难
different不同的→difference差别 imprtant重要的→imprtance重要性
child小孩→childhd童年 science科学→scientist科学家
music音乐→musician音乐家 Africa非洲→African非洲人
China中国→Chinese中国人
常用的动词后缀
示 例
-ize (n./adj. →v.)
表示“使……成为；使……化”
aplgy道歉→aplgize道歉
memry记忆→memrize记住 real真的→realize认识到
-fy (n./adj. →v.)
表示“使……成为；使……进入状态”
beauty美→beautify美化
simple简单的→simplify简化
-en (n./adj. →v.) 表示“使……”
fright恐怖→frighten使惊恐 shrt短的→shrten缩短
常用的副词后缀
示 例
-ly (adj. → adv.)
表示方式、程度
careful小心的→carefully谨慎地
angry生气的→angrily生气地
-ward(s) (adv. → adv.)
表示“向……”
t朝；向→tward(s)朝着
fre在前面→frward(s)向前
常用的数词后缀
示 例
-teen 表示“十几”
six六→sixteen十六
-ty 表示“整十位数”
six六→sixty六十
-th 表示“序数词”
six六→sixth第六
常见的转化
示 例
动词→名词
walk v. 走路；步行 → walk n. 散步
I usually walk hme after wrk. 我通常下班后步行回家。
Let’s g ut fr a walk. 我们去外面散散步吧。
名词→动词
milk n. 牛奶 → milk v. 挤奶
Wuld yu like milk in yur cffee? 你想要咖啡里加奶吗？
Tm helped his mther milk the cw. 汤姆帮妈妈给牛挤奶。
形容词→动词
dry adj. 干燥的 → dry v. 弄干
It’s ht and dry here in summer. 这里的夏季炎热干燥。
Use the twel t dry yur hands. 用这条毛巾把手擦干。