专题16+短文填空（讲练）-2024年中考英语二轮复习讲义+练习（全国通用）

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中考总复习一般分为三轮：
1、第一轮复习为基础知识的单元、章节复习。通过第一轮的复习，使学生系统掌握基础知识、基本技能和方法，形成明晰的知识网络和稳定的知识框架。
2、第二轮复习打破章节界限实行大单元、小综合、专题式复习。第二轮复习绝不是第一轮复习的压缩文档，而是一个知识点综合、巩固、完善、提高的过程。复习的主要任务及目标是：完成各部分知识的条 理，归纳，糅合，使各部分知识成为一个有机的整体。
3、第三轮复习是知识、能力深化巩固的阶段。复习资料的组织以中考题及模拟题为主，回扣教材，查缺补漏，进行强化训练。同时，要教给学生一些必备的应试技巧和方法，使学生有足够的自信从容地面对中考。
专题16 短文填空
（首字母，选词填空，自由填词，杂糅）
短文填空是中考英语试卷最难题目之一，它的分值是10-15分，分为10个小题。短文填空一般在一篇200~250字左右的故事性短文中挖出10个空，要求学生通读短文，并根据上下文来补全短文，每空只能填一个单词。主要考九大词类（名词、动词、形容词、副词、代词、数词、介词、连词、冠词）。
该题旨在测试考生的英语阅读理解能力和简单的书面表达能力，看其是否能够运用所学过的英语知识进行简单的书面交流，从而达到既考查学生的语言基础知识，又考查他们的观察能力、联想能力以及对语言的综合运用能力。为了答好短文填空题目，我们要打好基础关。这个基础关既包括1600个单词，300多个短语以及一部分常用句型和习惯用语的意思和用法，也包括各种词的词形变化。
考向1 短文填空之选词填空
（2023·广东）
请从方框内选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，使文章完整连贯。注意每空一词，每词仅用一次，有两词为多余项。请将答案写在答题卡对应题目的答题位置上。
There is a small thing we use every day. We usually put ____1____ in the bathrm. Withut it, we might have tth prblems. Can yu guess ____2____ it is? Yes, it’s the tthbrush. But d yu knw anything abut its histry?
Accrding t sme research, befre tthbrushes appeared, the ancient Chinese peple ____3____ their teeth with sme small tree branches (树枝). Abut 800 years ag, peple made a kind f brushes with pig hair and bamb. It might ____4____ the wrld’s earliest frm f tthbrushes. As time went ____5____, the frms f tthbrushes changed. Fr example, peple chse hrse-tail hair instead f pig hair ____6____ pig hair was t hard. Imagine that yu travel back t ____7____ f years ag and brush yur teeth cmfrtably. It sunds fantastic, desn’t it?
Arund the 15th century, the Chinese tthbrush fund its way int Eurpe. It became ____8____ amng lcal peple sn. The ____9____ f tthbrushes was nt as famus as that f paper-making, but it was very useful in daily life. Tday we have a gd ____10____ f brushing teeth. We shuld thank the ancient Chinese fr it.
【答案】1. it 2. what 3. cleaned 4. be 5. by 6. because
7. hundreds 8. ppular 9. inventin 10. habit
【解析】本文介绍了牙刷的历史和功能。
1.句意：我们通常把它放在浴室里。指代前文“a small thing”，需用代词it。故填it。
2.句意：你能猜出它是什么吗？根据“Can yu is?”可知是询问猜出它是什么。what“什么”。故填what。
3.句意：根据一些研究，在牙刷出现之前，中国古人用一些小树枝清洁牙齿。根据“befre tthbrushes appeared, the ancient Chinese teeth...”可知没有牙刷，古人会用树枝清洁牙齿。clean the teeth表示“清理牙齿”；句子是一般过去时，动词需用过去式。故填cleaned。
4.句意：这可能是世界上最早的牙刷。此处是系表结构，情态动词might后跟be动词原形。故填be。
5.句意：随着时间的推移，牙刷的形状也发生了变化。As time went by“随着时间的流逝”。故填by。
6.句意：例如，人们选择马尾毛而不是猪毛，因为猪毛太硬了。前后句之间是因果关系，前果后因，用because表示“因为”。故填because。
7.句意：想象一下，你回到几百年前，舒舒服服地刷牙。根据“Abut 800 years ag”可知此处是hundreds f短语，表示“数以百计的”。故填hundreds。
8.句意：它开始流行起来。根据“It lcal peple sn.”可知空处需填入形容词作表语，ppular“受欢迎的”符合语境。故填ppular。
9.句意：牙刷的发明不像造纸术那样出名，但在日常生活中非常有用。根据“ tthbrushes”可知是指牙刷的发明。inventin“发明”。故填inventin。
10.句意：今天我们养成了刷牙的好习惯。根据“Tday we have a brushing teeth.”可知刷牙是好习惯。have a gd habit f“有一个……好习惯”。故填habit。
选词填空是指把一篇文章的关键词语挖空，词序打乱，让学生根据短文内容选择正确的词语填空。此类题型主要是要求学生在正确理解和把握文章的基础上，通过分析行文线索来填写空缺单词，补全短文。
STEP 1详读选项，词分类
文章选项中的10个词是考查的关键，考生应该详细的理解这10个单词。熟悉的单词标明词性和词义，不熟悉的单词或者不认识的单词只需标明词性，然后根据名词、动词、形容词、副词四大类按规律 排列在试卷上。这样就缩小了选择的范围，降低了试题的难度。
STEP 2略读全文，定中心
考生拿到题目以后，由于考查考生对篇章的理解，应该略读整篇文章，确定文章的中心或主要说明的 问题。要抓住文章首句，迅速找到文章的主题词或主题。和完型填空一样，一般文章第一句不设空格，以 便让考生知道本文的相关主题词或主题。在此，建议大家使用略读的方法，以快速掌握文章大意。
STEP 3瞻前顾后，灵活选
词性分类之后，回到原文中，根据原文中空格的前后单词或者前后语句确定所要填的词性，然后从分 类好的单词中选择出词性、意思、语法都符合要求的最佳选项。首先，根据语法知识确认可以被填入此空 的词性，然后按第一步中标注出的词性进行筛选，最后将备选词逐个代入空中细读句意，考虑上下问逻辑 关系做出选择。
STEP 4复核检查，定结果
篇章词汇理解题目类似于完型填空，这需要考生不仅要迅速的确定答案，还要在确定答案之后迅速的 复查。检查上下文是否通顺、上下文的逻辑结构是否正确、文章的意思是否出现偏差等等，复查无误后即 可确定为最后答案。
考向1 短文填空之选词填空
Passage 1
（2024·广东佛山·一模）
请用适当的词完成下面的短文，并把所缺单词填写在答题卡指定的位置上。每个空只能填写一个形式正确、意义相符的单词。
In the mrning, Wang Xin rides his new bike t schl. This year, Wang Xin’s parents bught a bike 1 him.
Wang Xin nw 2 in a small village in the muntains. Life used t be very hard fr him and 3 family. The main rad was steep (陡峭的) and had many “Z” shape turnings. S it was very 4 t drive r ride bikes n this rad. All ther rads in the village were filled with stnes. Many peple easily fell dwn because f these stnes and hurt themselves, 5 at night. Fr little kids like Wang Xin, they had t 6 t schl every day fr at least tw and a half hurs. Recently, great 7 have taken place in this village. Thanks t the lcal gvernment, the new rads were 8 . Since all f the rads nw are wide and smth, Wang Xin and ther kids nw can ride their bikes t schl. It nly takes them half an hur t get t schl, which is 9 fr students in the past.
“Our village is becming mre and mre beautiful nw. I want t g t cllege t learn mre knwledge and make a cntributin (贡献) t my 10 ” Wang Xin said. “We are all really thankful t ur great gvernment.”
【答案】1．fr 2．lives 3．his 4．dangerus 5．especially 6．walk 7．changes 8．built 9．impssible 10．hmetwn
【解析】本文主要介绍了王欣的村庄近些年的变化。
1．句意：今年，王欣的父母给他买了一辆自行车。根据“bught a bike”可知，buy sth fr sb“为某人买某物”。故填fr。
2．句意：王欣现在住在山里的一个小村庄里。根据“Wang Xin a small village in the muntains.”可知，此处说的是王欣的居住地；本句时态为一般现在时，主语为第三人称单数，动词live“居住”要用单三形式。故填lives。
3．句意：对他和他的家人来说，过去的生活非常艰难。根据“him ”可知，此处指“他和他的家人”，应用he的形容词性物主代词形式his修饰名词。故填his。
4．句意：所以在这条路上开车或骑自行车是非常危险的。根据“The main rad was steep and had many ‘Z’ shape turnings.”可知，在陡峭的路上骑车很危险，dangerus“危险的”，符合语境。故填dangerus。
5．句意：许多人很容易因为这些石头摔倒而受伤，尤其是在晚上。根据“Many peple easily fell dwn because f these stnes and hurt themselves”可知，夜晚出行尤其危险，especially“特别，尤其”，符合语境。故填especially。
6．句意：对于像王欣这样的孩子来说，他们每天至少要走两个半小时的路去上学。根据“drive r ride bikes n this rad”可知，他们不能骑车或开车上学，因此只能步行；walk“步行”，符合语境。故填walk。
7．句意：最近，这个村子发生了很大的变化。根据“have taken place in this village”可知，此处说的是村子的变化，应用可数名词change“变化”的复数形式。故填changes。
8．句意：多亏了当地政府，新的道路得以修建。根据“the new rads were”可知，此处指“修路”，主语new rads是动作的承受者，应用一般过去时的被动语态：was/were dne；build“修建”的过去分词为built。故填built。
9．句意：到学校只需要半个小时，这对过去的学生来说是不可能的。根据“fr at least tw and a half hurs”可知，半个小时就能到学校，这在以前是不可能的，impssible“不可能的”，符合语境。故填impssible。
10．句意：我想上大学，学习更多的知识，为家乡做贡献。根据“Our village is becming mre and mre beautiful nw. I want t g t cllege t learn mre knwledge and make a cntributin t...”可知，此处指“为家乡做贡献”，hmetwn“家乡”，符合语境。故填hmetwn。
Passage 2
（2023·四川成都）短文填空从下面方框中选出10个单词，将其正确形式填入短文，使短文意思正确通顺 (每词限用一次)。
D yu believe a rse plant says “I want sme water” r a tree shuts “My arms hurt”? Maybe yu will say this culd nly happen in sme ___1___ stries.
In fact, plants are nt always ___2___. A recent study has fund plants shut when they are in need f water r having their stems cut. “Even in a quiet field, there are___3___ sme sunds that carry infrmatin. Hwever, the pitch (音高) is t high fr peple ___4___,” said Lilach Hadany, a prfessr frm Tel Aviv University.
The researchers used micrphnes t recrd sme tmat plants and fund that stressed plants send ut ___5___ sunds than unstressed plants. “When tmates are nt stressed at all, they are very quiet,” Prfessr Hadany said. They als trained a machine in ___6___ the differences between thirsty plants and cut plants. The result shws that when the causes f stress change, they shut ___7___. After the team recrded many kinds f ther plants, they fund that many plants like crn, wheat and grape plants send ut sunds when they are under stress, t.
“There is a ___8___ that a lt f cmmunicatin is happening,” Prfessr Hadany said. “Because ther plants can prbably hear the call f the stressed plants.”
Sund recrdings f plants culd bring humans lts f ___9___, especially in farming. Fr example, peple will make sure whether crn is getting enugh water r where water is needed mst withut much ___10___.
【答案】1. children’s 2. silent 3. actually 4. t hear 5. mre 6. telling
7. differently 8. pssibility 9. advantages 10. difficulty
【解析】本文是一篇科普类的文章，介绍了植物在承受不同压力的时候会发出不同的声音，并且介绍了植物的记录在农业方面的好处。
1.句意：也许你会说这只会发生在一些儿童故事中。根据“this culd nly happen in sme… stries”及备选词可知，只会发生在一些儿童故事中，要用child的复数形式children，且修饰名词stries，用其名词所有格形式，故填children’s。
2.句意：事实上，植物并不总是沉默的。根据“there are… sme sunds that carry infrmatin”可知，植物会发出一些声音来传递信息，所以它们并不是沉默的，silent“沉默的”，故填silent。
3.句意：即使在安静的田野里，实际上也有一些携带信息的声音。此空缺少副词作状语，备选词actual的副词actually“实际上”符合，故填actually。
4.句意：然而，音调太高，人们听不到。根据“the pitch (音高) is t high fr peple”及备选词可知，人们听不到这些声音，hear“听”，t…t“太……而不能”，故填t hear。
5.句意：研究人员用麦克风记录了一些番茄植株，发现受到压力的植株比没有受到压力的植株发出更多的声音。根据than可知，此处用比较级，根据“When tmates are nt stressed at all, they are very quiet”可知，当番茄完全没有承受压力时，它们会非常安静，也就是说受到压力的植株比没有受到压力的植株发出更多的声音，many的比较级mre“更多的”符合，故填mre。
6.句意：他们还训练了一台机器来区分干渴的植物和被切割的植物。根据“the differences between thirsty plants and cut plants”及备选词可知，讲述干渴的植物和切割的植物之间的区别，tell“讲述”，in是介词，后接动名词，故填telling。
7.句意：研究结果表明，当压力的原因发生变化时，它们产生的效果会有所不同。根据“when the causes f stress change, they shut”以及备选词可知，压力原因发生变化，产生的效果也不同，副词differently修饰动词shut，故填differently。
8.句意：有一种可能性是大量的交流正在发生。根据a可知，此空应填名词，备选词pssible的名词pssibility符合，表示一种可能性，故填pssibility。
9.句意：植物的记录可以给人类带来很多好处，尤其是在农业方面。根据“peple will make sure whether crn is getting enugh water…”可知，会给人们带来一些好处，advantage“优势”，lts f修饰名词的复数形式，故填advantages。
10.句意：例如，人们可以毫不费力地确定玉米是否有足够的水或者哪里最需要水。根据前文描述可知，这种记录可以给人们带来好处，所以此处指毫不费力地确定玉米是否有足够的水或者哪里最需要水，withut difficulty“毫不费力地”，故填difficulty。
Passage 3
（2024·中山一模）
用方框里面的单词填空
Chinese writing is ne f the wrld's 1. writing systems. It is mre 2. in use than alphabetic(字母的) writing systems. Mre than half f the wrld's bks 3. written in Chinese, including histrical writings and nvels, alng with writings n gvernment and law.
At the beginning, written Chinese was a picture-based language. It dates back several thusand years t the use f animal bnes and shells n which symbls were carved(刻) by ancient Chinese peple. Sme f the ancient symbls can still be seen in 4. hanzi.
By the Shang Dynasty, these symbls had 5. a well-develped writing system. Over the years, the system develped int different frms, as it was a time when peple were divided gegraphically, leading t
6. dialects(方言)and characters. This, hwever, changed under Emperr Qinshihuang f the Qin Dynasty.
Emperr Qinshihuang united(统一)the seven majr 7. int ne cuntry where the Chinese writing system 8. t develp in ne directin. That writing system was f great imprtance in uniting the Chinese peple and culture. Even tday, n matter where Chinese peple live r what dialect they speak, they can all still cmmunicate in writing. Written Chinese has als becme an imprtant methd t cnnect China's present with 9. past. Peple in mdern times can read the classic wrks which were written by Chinese in ancient times.
Tday, Chinese writing system is still an imprtant part f Chinese culture. As China plays a great rle in the wrld, an increasing number f internatinal students are beginning t appreciate(欣赏)China's culture
10. this amazing language. Written Chinese spreads Chinese culture wherever it ges.
【答】案1.greatest 2.widely 3.are 4.tday's 5.becme 6.different 7.states 8.began 9.its 10.thrugh
Passage 4
（2024·辽宁抚顺·一模）
根据短文内容，用方框中所给词的正确形式填空，使短文完整、正确。
It’s hard t imagine life withut the Internet. Hw greatly it has changed ur lives in the past 15 years since it was widely used. At the same time, hwever, the Internet has als caused sme traditins t fall away (消失).
E-mail is quicker and cheaper. Getting a handwritten letter 1 a friend has becme a rare (稀有的) pleasure.
Wh wuld like t pay 60 yuan fr 12 sngs in a plastic case 2 yu can find music in the Internet fr free?
When almst any fact can be fund within secnds thrugh Ggle 3 Baidu, persnal memry becmes less imprtant. The Web can remember it fr us.
When was the last time yu 4 the wrld ut f a windw? When was the 5 time yu read a favrite bk nce again? When was the last time yu sat in the cinema with yur family? Mre and mre peple lse 6 in the Internet. They shw less interest and spend less time in the utside wrld.
Yu’ve spent the past few years talking with yur friends n QQ, r reading abut his r her QQ square, s meeting 7 friend is n lnger as imprtant as it nce was.
Have yu ever fund yurself ding hmewrk with ne eye n a QQ Space windw? A grwing 8 f peple say the Internet is stpping yung peple frm fixing their attentin n anything fr a lng time.
When yu surf the Internet, it feels like smething yu’re enjying and nbdy knws it. But when yu realize just hw many peple 9 watching yur every mve, it might just make yu mad. Many peple have realized their persnal infrmatin can be fund 10 in the Internet even they dn’t want t.
【答案】1．frm 2．if 3．and 4．watched 5．last 6．themselves 7．a 8．number 9．are 10．easily
【解析】本文主要讲了互联网对人们生活的改变。
1．句意：收到朋友的手写信件已经成为一种难得的乐趣。根据“Getting a handwritten friend”及备选词可知，此处指“收到来自朋友的信”，frm“来自”。故填frm。
2．句意：谁愿意花60元买一个塑料盒里的12首歌，如果能免费在网上找到音乐？根据“yu can find music in the Internet fr free”及备选词可知，此处是if引导的条件状语从句，故填if。
3．句意：当几乎任何事实都可以通过谷歌和百度在几秒钟内找到时，个人记忆就变得不那么重要了。根据“”可知，此处表并列，结合备选词可知，and“和”符合。故填and。
4．句意：你上一次透过窗户看世界是什么时候？根据“the last time”可知，时态为一般过去时，动词用过去式；根据“the wrld ut f a windw”及备选词可知，此处指“透过窗户看世界”，watch“观看”，过去式为watched。故填watched。
5．句意：你上一次重读一本喜欢的书是什么时候？根据上文“When was the last time yu”及下文“When was the last time”可知，此处句式结构一致，所以也是last。故填last。
6．句意：越来越多的人在互联网上迷失了自己。根据“lse”可知，此处考查lse neself“迷失自我”，peple对应的是themselves。故填themselves。
7．句意：在过去的几年里，你和你的朋友在QQ上聊天，或者阅读他或她的QQ广场，所以见一个朋友不再像以前那么重要了。根据“s is n lnger as imprtant as it nce was”可知，此处表泛指，用不定冠词，friend辅音音素开头，所以填不定冠词a。故填a。
8．句意：越来越多的人说互联网阻止了年轻人长时间专注于任何事情。根据“A peple”及备选词可知，此处考查a number f“许多”，故填number。
9．句意：但当你意识到有多少人在看着你的一举一动时，这可能会让你发疯。根据“But when yu realize just hw many yur every mve”可知，此处是现在进行时，缺be动词，主语为“peple”，所以be动词为are。故填are。
10．句意：许多人已经意识到他们的个人信息可以很容易地在互联网上找到，即使他们不愿意。根据“can be fund”及备选词可知，此处指“轻易被发现”，easy副词形式easily“容易地”修饰动词“fund”。故填easily。
Passage 5
（2023·山东泰安）
根据短文内容，用方框中所给词的正确形式填空，使短文完整、正确。
ChatGPT is an AI system(系统) that can have a discussin and create written wrk. It can create material based n what it has learned ____36____ digital bks and nline naissance. Nw three high schl students in Cyprus have develped an ____37____ rbt with the help f their teachers. It is special as it uses ChatGPT AI technlgy.
The rbt is named AInstein. It is the size f a small adult and even has a screen fr a face that appears t shw human facial(面部) ____38____. It speaks a Nrth American frm f English. And it can tell jkes, like “____39____ was the math bk sad? Because it had t many prblems.” The rbt enjys ____40____ science bks and spending time playing the vilin.
The creatrs f AInstein want t use the technlgy t ____41____ learning experiences in the classrm. In fact, there ____42____ be a place fr rbts in educatin after all. British educatin expert Anthny Seldn predicts that rbts will take ver the classrm in 2027 and teachers will wrk as their helpers.
One thing is certain, thugh. A rbt teacher is ____43____ than n teacher at all. In sme parts f the wrld, there aren’t ____44____ teachers and 9—16 percent f children under the age f 14 dn’t g t schl. That prblem culd be partly ____45____ by rbts, because they can teach anywhere and wn’t get stressed, r tired, r mve smewhere fr an easier, higher-paid jb.
【答案】36. frm 37 unusual 38. expressins 39. Why 40. reading 41. imprve
42. might 43. better 44. enugh 45. slved
【解析】本文主要介绍了塞浦路斯的三名高中生在老师的帮助下发明了一种不同寻常的机器人，它使用了ChatGPT人工智能技术。
36.句意：它可以根据从数字书籍和在线诞生中学到的东西来创作材料。根据“what it has bks and nline naissance.”结合选词可知是指从中学习来创作材料，learn frm“从……学习”，故填frm。
37.句意：现在，塞浦路斯的三名高中生在老师的帮助下发明了一种不同寻常的机器人。此空应填形容词作定语，且以元音音素开头，结合“It is special”可知unusual“不同寻常的”符合语境，故填unusual。
38.句意：它的大小相当于一个小成人，甚至还有一个屏幕，可以显示人类的面部表情。根据“a face that appears t shw human facial(面部)”可知此处是指面部表情，应用expressin“表情”，此处应用复数表示泛指，故填expressins。
39.句意：为什么数学书是悲伤的？根据“Because it had t many prblems”可知是问原因，应用why，故填Why。
40.句意：机器人喜欢阅读科学书籍和拉小提琴。enjy ding sth“喜欢做某事”，此处应填动名词作宾语，结合选词可知reading“阅读”符合语境，故填reading。
41.句意：“爱因斯坦”的发明者希望利用这项技术改善课堂上的学习体验。此空位于动词不定式后，应用动词原形，结合选词可知是指改善课堂上的学习体验，应用动词imprve“改善”，故填imprve。
42.句意：事实上，机器人终究有可能在教育领域占有一席之地。根据“In fact, a place fr rbts in educatin after all”结合选词可知是指机器人有可能在教育领域占有一席之地，应用情态动词might“可能”，故填might。
43.句意：机器人老师总比没有老师好。根据“than”可知应该用形容词比较级，结合语境和选词可知gd的比较级better符合，故填better。
44.句意：在世界上的一些地方，没有足够的教师，9—16%的14岁以下儿童没有上学。根据“In sme parts f the wrld, there aren’ ”可知是指没有足够的教师，应用enugh“足够的”，故填enugh。
45.句意：机器人可以在一定程度上解决这个问题，因为它们可以在任何地方教书，不会感到压力或疲劳，也不会为了一份更容易、薪水更高的工作而搬到其他地方。根据“That prblem culd be rbts,”可知是指解决问题，应用slve表示“解决”，此处是含有情态动词的被动语态，动词用过去分词，故填slved。
Passage 6
词语运用,有两个词为多余项
As a famus pian master, Paderewski was admired by many peple. Wishing t make prgress n the pian, ne day, a by 1. t a Paderewski's cncert by his mther. After they were seated, the mther saw a friend and walked up t greet her, leaving the by alne in 2. seat.
Catching the chance t explre the wnders f the cncert hall, the little by std up and finally made his way thrugh a dr 3. was marked “N Admittance(进入).” Sn, the hall gt dark and the cncert was abut t begin. When the mther 4. t her seat, she discvered that the child was missing.
Suddenly, the lights fcused n the pian n the stage. In surprise, the mther fund her little by sitting at the pian. 5. knwing where he was, the by was picking ut Twinkle, Twinkle, Little Star.
At that mment, the great pian master appeared, mved t the pian 6. , and whispered(耳语) in the by's ear, “Dn't stp. Keep playing.” Then he sat dwn and added a running bbligat(伴奏). Tgether, the ld master and the yung beginner changed an embarrassing situatin int a wnderfully creative experience. It became ne f the 7. parts f the whle cncert that evening. The peple were tuched s much by the master and the mther was shcked. She believed that such an experience wuld make a big 8. t her by's life.
In fact, that's the way it is in life. What we can d n ur wn is hardly unusual. We tried ur best, but the
9. aren't exactly smth music like what we have expected. But when we trust in the hands f a greater pwer, ur life's wrk can be truly beautiful.
Next time yu set ut 10. great wrks, listen carefully. Yu can hear the vice f the master, whispering in yur ear, “Dn't stp. Keep playing.”
【答案】1.was taken 2.his 3.which 4.returned 5.Withut 6.quickly 7.mst exciting 8.difference 9.results 10.t achieve
Passage 7
用方框内单词的适当形式填空
One day a strng cwby was traveling n his hrse when he saw a bar. He decided t ____1____ fr a few drinks, s he tied his hrse utside the bar, walked int the bar and rdered tw bttles f ____2____. This cwby was new in twn. He lked arund and nticed sme peple making faces t him. He guessed that they might play sme tricks____3____him, but he said nthing and cntinued t drink. After drinking, he walked ut f the bar____4____fund his hrse lst.
Hwever, he kept calm, came back int the bar, and said____5____, " I dn't knw what yu fls did t my hrse ut there… but I'm leaving in five minutes, and by then if my hrse isn't back where it's suppsed t be, well … I have t d here what I did in Texas!" The cwby added, "And I dn't want t d what I did in Texas!" After hearing these wrds, the ther custmers seemed a little bit____6____.
The cwby went back t his seat and rdered____7____tw bttles f beer. After five____8____, he walked ut and fund his hrse tied____9____it was suppsed t be.
Just as he was leaving, the bss f the bar came up and asked curiusly , "What was the thing that yu did in Texas but yu didn't want t d here?"
The cwby____10____t the bss and replied in a lw vice, " I had t walk hme!"
【答案】1. stp 2. beer 3. n 4. and 5. slwly 6. frightened 7. anther 8. minutes 9. Where
10. turned
Passage 8
用方框内单词的适当形式填空
Many peple knw the imprtance f prtecting the envirnment. Hwever, mst f them think they can d little t help slve the wrld’s 1. prblems. New Yrker Lauren Singer desn’t think s. The beautiful girl studied envirnmental science at New Yrk University. But she nt nly wanted t learn abut sustainability(可持续发展), but she als wanted t 2. live it. During her final year f cllege, she began wrking twards living a “Zer Waste” life. Since then, she has gne tw years withut 3. any litter.
Lauren said that she made the 4. t live a “Zer Waste” life fr tw reasns. The first was her teacher’s 5. abut the imprtance f “living yur values”. The secnd was the lunch her classmate brught t class every week. She used a lt f plastic bags, frks, bttles, etc. t carry the fd and then threw them away. This made Lauren think a lt. “We’re suppsed t be the future f this planet but nw we
6. it up with ur litter.”
It’s easier said than dne. The past tw years hasn’t been easy fr Lauren. She stpped 7.
anything wrapped(包装) in plastic and began taking her wn bags t the supermarket. She didn’t buy new clthes and shpped nly in secnd-hand stres. And she tried t buy 8. things which can be used many times. She ever made all her wn cleaning prducts frm tthpaste t detergent(洗衣粉) by 9. . T help thse wh want t fllw her ftsteps but dn’t have the time r 10. like her, Lauren recently started her wn waste-free prduct cmpany, The Simply C.
【答案】1.envirnmental 2.actually 3.prducing 4.decisin 5.speech
6.are messing 7.buying 8.reusable 9.herself 10.skills
Passage 9
词语运用,有两个词为多余项
Lng lng ag, there was a crwd f antelpes(羚羊) in the 1. . In this crwd there was a
2. teacher. He was admired by everyne 3. he taught the yung the tricks and strategies f survival(生存策略).
One day, his yunger sister brught her sn 4. him and asked him t teach what was imprtant t antelpes. She said, “Dear brther, this is my sn, Dick. Please teach him the tricks and strategies f survival.” The teacher said t Dick, “Yu can cme at this time tmrrw fr yur first lessn.”
At first, Dick came t have lessns n time every day. But 5. , Dick became mre interested in playing games with thers, s he began t cut classes. Hwever, he didn't realize hw 6. it culd be fr a yung antelpe wh learned nthing but 7. .
8. , ne day the yung antelpe stepped in a trap(陷阱). Knwing Dick was missing, his mther was wrried. She went t her brther and asked him, “Dear brther, hw is my sn? Have yu taught him the tricks and strategies f survival?” The teacher replied, “My dear sister, I tried my best t teach him, but yur sn did nt want t learn the tricks and strategies f survival. He cut classes. Hw culd I pssibly teach him?”
At this time, they heard that Dick 9. in a trap. They hurried t rescue him befre it was t late. Dick was t 10. t mve and regretted deeply.
If the yung antelpe had kept learning carefully all the time, he wuldn't have been caught.
【答案】1.frest 2.wise 3.because 4.t 5.sn 6.dangerus 7.games 8.Unfrtunately 9.was caught 10.scared
Passage 10
（2023·江苏盐城·校考二模）
阅读短文，从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，使短文通顺、意思完整。每词或短语限用一次。
Wu Ming, a 27-year-ld German, is a big fan f Chinese culture, like the Shalin kung fu. He has been learning TCM — traditinal Chinese medicine since 2016. Nw he 1 at Henan University f Chinese Medicine.
As he thught sme illnesses can’t 2 well with mdern medicine, he decided t study TCM. Wu came t Henan Prvince in 2015, where the TCM culture can be enjyed because Henan Prvince is the 3 f Zhang Zhngjing. After learning the Chinese language fr ne year, he started t learn Chinese medicine. “TCM is ne f the best parts in Chinese culture,” said Wu. He hpes t slve prblems and understand Chinese culture by learning TCM.
Studying TCM als changed Wu’s mind and lifestyle. He used t spend much time playing cmputer games and stay up late every night, lst himself in this fast-paced but 4 lifestyle. But nw he lives a healthy and peaceful life, practicing gd habits like drinking tea and sitting 5 , as well as reading ancient bks, 6 the Yin-Yang thery (理论) in TCM.
Wu als makes use f what he has learned 7 his family. Acupuncture (针灸) tls and Chinese medicine were welcmed when he went back t 48 hme in Germany. With acupuncture and Chinese-style massages, many physical health prblems f his families have been slved. Nw, he always prvides his family with sme advice abut staying healthy after he checks their tngues (舌头) nline. Over time, his family began t understand his passin abut TCM.
In Wu’s pinin, there’s n big difference between China and 9 cuntries. He plans t run a traditinal Chinese clinic (诊所) in China r Germany after university, which culd 10 a bridge between the tw cuntries and make TCM and its culture knwn by mre peple.
【答案】1．studies/is studying 2．be treated 3．hmetwn 4．unhealthy 5．silently 6．accrding t 7．t help 8．his 9．Western 10．serve as
【解析】本文主要讲述了德国人无名在中国学习中医并打算学成之后开设中医馆的故事。
1．句意：现在就读于河南中医药大学。根据“at Henan University f Chinese Medicine”可知在河南中医药大学学习，study“学习”，结合“Nw”可知可以表达现在的状态，或现阶段正在进行的动作，用一般现在时或现在进行时。studies/is studying。
2．句意：由于他认为有些疾病不能用现代医学很好地治疗，他决定学可知习中医。根据“sme illnesses can’t ... well with mdern medicine”可知用现在医学治不好，treat“治疗”，与主语之间是动宾关系，此处用含情态动词的被动语态。故填be treated。
3．句意：无名于2015年来到河南省，因为河南省是张仲景的家乡，所以可以享受到中医文化。根据“because Henan Prvince is the ... f Zhang Zhngjing”结合常识可知张仲景的家乡在河南，hmetwn“家乡”。故填hmetwn。
4．句意：他过去经常花很多时间玩电脑游戏，每晚都熬夜，在这种快节奏但不健康的生活方式中迷失了自己。根据“He used t spend much time playing cmputer games and stay up late every night”可知花费大量时间玩电脑游戏且熬夜到很晚，是不健康的生活方式，用health的形容词形式unhealthy表示“不健康的”。故填unhealthy。
5．句意：但根据中医的阴阳学说，他现在过着健康平和的生活，养成了喝茶、静坐、阅读古书等好习惯。根据“But nw he lives a healthy and peaceful life, practicing gd habits like drinking tea and sitting ..., as well as reading ancient bks”可知现在的生活方式很平和，由此推出是静坐，用silence的副词形式sliently表示“默默地，静静地”，副词修饰动词。故填silently。
6．句意：但根据中医的阴阳学说，他现在过着健康平和的生活，养成了喝茶、静坐、阅读古书等好习惯。根据“the Yin-Yang thery in TCM”可知此处是根据中医的阴阳学硕来调整自己的生活方式，accrding t“根据”。故填accrding t。
7．句意：无名还利用他所学到的知识来帮助他的家人。根据“Wu als makes use f what he has learned ... his family.”可知用所学的中医知识来帮助家人，help“帮助”，此处用动词不定式作目的状语。故填t help。
8．句意：当他回到德国的家中时，针灸工具和中医受到了欢迎。根据“hme in Germany”可知在德国的额是他的家，用he的形容词性物主代词his表示“他的”。故填his。
9．句意：在无名看来，中国和西方国家没有太大的区别。根据“between China and ... cuntries”结合备选词可知是中国和西方国家，此处用west的形容词形式Western表示“西方的”，形容词作定语。故填Western。
10．句意：他计划毕业后在中国或德国开一家中医诊所，这可以作为两国之间的桥梁，让更多人了解中医及其文化。根据“which culd ... a bridge between the tw cuntries”可知是可以作为两国之间的桥梁，serve as“充当，起到……作用”，culd后接动词原形。故填serve as。
Passage 11
用方框内单词的适当形式填空。
Have yu ever heard f Death Valley? It's a natinal park lying in the east f Califrnia, the USA. The park isn't scary as 1. name sunds. Yu can enjy the desert sunshine there. At the same time, yu can find there's nthing ut there but sme special rcks called “sailing stnes”.
Sme f the rcks in Death Valley weigh hundreds f 2. . And n the grund behind each rck is a mysterius trail(痕迹). It 3. that the rck has been pushed alng in the sand.
It was nearly 100 years ag that the “sailing stnes” were reprted fr the first time. Peple have been
4. t find ut the stnes' secret ever since. Until the 1990s, ne 5. accepted pinin was that the rcks were stuck in sheets(片) f ice that were being blwn acrss the desert. Hwever, research later shwed that t mve such large ice sheets, the wind wuld have t blw at hundreds f miles per hur. There are strng winds in Death Valley—6. nt that strng.
Then in 2006, a scientist named Ralph Lrenz 7. his pinin. He suggested that in winter, thick ice frms(形成) arund the rcks. When the grund begins t thaw(解冻), the rcks, wearing ice, sail alng and leave trails behind 8. . Lrenz even did a test in his wn kitchen fr the 9. f shwing his pinin was crrect.
Has Lrenz 10. in slving the mystery f the sailing stnes? Perhaps. On the ther hand, neither Lrenz nr anybdy else has ever actually seen the stnes mve. Maybe it was aliens wh mved the stnes.
【答案】 1.its 2.punds 3.seems 4.trying 5.widely 6.but 7.expressed 8.them 9.purpse 10.succeeded
Passage 12
（2024·广东一模）
用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空，使短文意思完整、通顺。每空一次，有两个词是多余的。
Human are brn with the ____66____ t cmmunicate, but sme peple are better at it than thers. Sme peple are very gd at ____67____ and find it easy t express their ideas t ther peple. Other peple find it difficult t express ____68____ well, especially in public. The gd news is that cmmunicatin skills can be ____69____. Here are sme pieces f advice.
Remember that talking t ther peple depends n bdy language and facial ____70____ besides wrds. If yu lk and sund cnfident, peple will pay ___71____ t what yu say, even if yu dn’t feel s cnfident. Lk peple in the eye when yu speak t them. It ____72____ yu seem mre hnest and friendly, and peple will find it easier and mre fun t talk t yu.
Practice ____73____ t ther peple. The mst imprtant part f cmmunicatin is listening. That’s why we have tw ears and ne muth. When yu listen t peple, watching their face and bdy language will help yu understand ___74____ they mean.
Think befre yu pen yur muth. The best cmmunicatrs express their ideas in shrt and _____75______ ways. If yu are trying t cnvince (使信服) peple f smething, be clear and use as few wrds as pssible.
【答案】66. ability 67. wrds 68. themselves 69. learned 70. expressins
71. attentin 72. makes 73. listening 74. what 75. simple
【解析】本文主要讲述了人与人的沟通能力不一样，但可以通过学习提高这种能力，并给出了如何与人沟通的几种建议。
66.句意：人天生就有沟通的能力，但有些人比别人更擅长。ability“能力”，名词，the ability t...“……的能力”。故填ability。
67.句意：有些人很善于说话，而且很容易向别人表达自己的想法。根据下文“ wrds”可知，此处讲述擅长的内容是wrds。wrd“话语；言语”，可数名词，设空处需使用复数形式与express their ideas相对应。故填wrds。
68.句意：其他人发现很难很好地表达自己，尤其是在公共场合。设空处指主语ther peple表达自己很难，themselves“他们自己”，反身代词。故填themselves。
69.句意：好消息是沟通技能是可以学习的。主语cmmunicatin skills是动词learn的动作承受者，所以需使用被动语态be dne结构，动词使用过去分词。故填learned。
70.句意：记住与别人交谈除了语言外还要看肢体语言和面部表情。expressin“表情”，可数名词，设空处使用其复数形式表示多种面部表情。故填expressins。
71.句意：如果你看起来和听起来都很自信，人们会注意你说的话，即使你感觉不那么自信。pay attentin t“注意；关注”，attentin“注意”，名词。故填attentin。
72.句意：它让你看起来更诚实和友好，人们会发现和你交谈更容易也更有趣。make“使；让”，因本句时态为一般现在时，主语it为第三人称单数，所以动词使用三单形式。故填makes。
73.句意：练习倾听别人。根据“The mst imprtant part f cmmunicatin is listening.”可知，本段讲述倾听的相关内容。listen“听”，practice ding sth“练习做某事”，所以设空处需使用动名词形式作宾语。故填listening。
74.句意：当你听别人说话时，看他们的脸和肢体语言会帮助你理解他们的意思。本句为设空处引导的宾语从句，表示能理解别人的意思是什么，所以引导词使用what“什么”。故填what。
75.句意：最好的沟通者用简短而简单的方式表达自己的想法。设空处与shrt并列表达相近意思，simple“简单的”符合语境，形容词修饰ways。故填simple。
考向2 短文填空之首字母填空
（2023·江苏扬州）
根据短文内容和首字母提示，在下文空格处填入适当的词使短文完整。在答题卡标有题号的横线上，完整地写出空缺处各单词的正确形式。（每空一词）
Peter Pan wishes Wendy, Jhn and Michael, especially Wendy, wuld stay in Neverland frever, but finally the Darling children decide t fly back hme and grw up.
“Quick Tink,” Peter whispers. “S____1____ the windw. Then when Wendy cmes back, she will think her mther desn’t lve her anymre, and she will return t Neverland with me.”
Mrs. Darling is playing the pian. Peter didn’t knw the tune, Hme, Sweet Hme, b____2____ he knws it’s saying, “Cme back, Wendy, Wendy, Wendy.” Peter lks thrugh the dr and sees tw big tears in Mrs. Darling’s eyes.
“She lves Wendy,” he thinks. “But I lve Wendy, t. We c____3____ bth have her.”
He lks at Mrs. Darling again. The tw tears are still sitting n her e____4____.
“Oh, all right,” he says at last, sadly. Then he pens the windw.
When Wendy, Jhn, and Michael arrive, they find the windw ____5____ fr them. They all get int bed t surprise their mther.
When Mrs. Darling ges back t the children’s rm, they are all in their beds. They wait fr her t say smething, but she says n____6____. She thinks she is dreaming. She sits by the fire.
The children are s w____7____. Why isn’t their mther happy t see them again? All three f them jump ut f bed, run t her and shut, “Mther!” She realizes she is nt d____8____ anymre. Mr. Darling and Nana cme in. They are all s happy. Peter w____9____ them frm the windw but he is lking at smething he will never have.
Many years pass. When Peter visits Wendy again, she has g ____10____ up and has a daughter f her wn. Peter is still a by wh can’t grw up.
—Taken frm Peter Pan
【答案】1. (S)hut 2. (b)ut 3. (c)an’t 4. (e)yes 5. ()pen 6. (n)thing
7. (w)rried 8. (d)reaming 9. (w)atches 10. (g)rwn
【解析】本文出自文学作品《彼得·潘》，讲述了小飞侠彼得·潘决定把朋友送回家的故事。
1句意：关上窗户。根据“S... the windw”可知，彼得想关上窗户，shut“关闭”符合语境，祈使句用动词原形开头。故填(S)hut。
2.句意：彼得不知道《家，甜蜜的家》这首曲子，但他知道它在说：“回来吧，温蒂，温蒂。”。根据“Peter didn’t knw”和“he knws”可知，前后是转折关系，用but连接。故填(b)ut。
3.句意：我们不可能都拥有她。根据“She lves Wendy”和“But I lve Wendy, t.”可知，他们都爱温蒂，但不能同时拥有她，can’t“不能”符合语境。故填(c)an’t。
4.句意：那两滴眼泪仍然留在她的眼睛上。根据“tw tears”可知，眼泪仍然留在她的眼睛上，eye“眼睛”，用复数。故填(e)yes。
5.句意：当温蒂、约翰和迈克尔到达时，他们发现窗户为他们打开了。根据“Then he pens the windw.”可知，窗户是开着的，pen“打开的”，形容词作宾补。故填()pen。
6.句意：他们等她说什么，但她什么也没说。根据“They wait fr her t say smething, but…”可知，她什么也没说，不定代词nthing“什么都没有”符合语境。故填(n)thing。
7.句意：孩子们很担心。根据“Why isn’t their mther happy t see them again?”可知，孩子们是担心的，wrried“担心的”，形容词作表语。故填(w)rried。
8.句意：她意识到自己不是在做梦了。根据“All three f them jump ut f bed, run t her and shut, ‘Mther!’ ”可知，孩子们去喊妈妈，让她知道自己没有在做梦，孩子们真的回来了，dream“做梦”，用现在分词形式与is构成现在进行时。故填(d)reaming。
9.句意：彼得从窗户看着他们，但他看到的是他永远不会拥有的东西。根据“but he is lking at smething he will never have.”可知，彼得在看着他们，watch“看，注视”符合语境，时态为一般现在时，主语是“Peter”，动词用三单。故填(w)atches。
10.句意：当彼得再次拜访温蒂时，她已经长大了，有了自己的女儿。根据“Many years pass.”可知，温蒂长大了，grw up“长大”，固定短语，grw用过去分词形式与has构成现在完成时。故填(g)rwn。
首字母填空是根据句意和已给出的首字母，在句子的空白处填上适当的单词，使句子意思完整，语法正确的一种题型。该题型既考查学生的单词记忆和拼写能力，又考查学生对句子的理解和运用能力。
满分技巧
1. 跳过空格，不看选项，快速地阅读全文，从整体上感知全文，掌握大意，了解全篇的内容和要旨。
快速阅读时宁粗勿细，切忌只盯住一个句子仓促解题，这样势必因胸无全局而误入歧途。快速阅读时，还要注意找出关键词，这些词在文中起支撑骨架的功能，抓住了关键词就抓住了故事的线索。特别是要重视首句，善于以首句的时态、语气为立足点，理清文脉，推测全文时态、主题及大意。
2. 复读短文，确定语义，判断词形。
把握短文大意后再认真复读短文，利用上下文的语境，结合所学过的知识，先确定空格处所需词语的意义，再根据空格在句子中的位置，判断其在句中充当的成分，从而确定所填词的词性，再依据词语搭配和语法规则，判断所填词的正确形式。如短文难度较大，尤其是难于选词时，从本句的前后观察中一时尚不得要领，就要进一步扩大到上下文中分析。
3. 三读短文，上下参照，验证答案。
在短文的空白处分别填上一个词后，将完成的短文再细读一遍，上下参照，连贯思考。可从上下文内容是否协调一致、顺理成章，语法结构是否正确无误等进行综合验证，凡有疑问必须重新推敲考虑。
Passage 1
（2023-24·江苏扬州统考）
根据短文内容和首字母提示，在下文空格处填入适当的单词使短文完整。（每空一词）
Chinese writer Hai Ya’s The Space-Time Painter wn the Hug Award fr Best Nvelette n Oct 21. He became the t____1____ Chinese writer t win a Hug award after Liu Cixin in 2015 and Ha Jingfang in 2016.
When creating The Space Time Painter, Hai Ya gt his i____2____ frm a famus painting, A Panrama f Rivers and Muntains. It is by Wang Ximeng frm the Sng Dynasty (960-1279). Based n Wang, Hai created a character named Zha Ximeng w____3____ painted fr an emperr mre than 1,000 years ag. After many hard times, Zha’s mind leaves his bdy and enters a space where a mdern pliceman is trying t s____4____ a case abut an ancient painting
Hai Ya’s stry with science fictin began in his childhd. “When I was a child, the bkstre in my hmetwn helped create a beautiful g____5____ in my mind. In it, science fictin ffered the mst beautiful ‘flwers’,” Hai Ya tld Beijing Yuth Daily. He added that science fictin pened a new wrld fr h____6____. Hai Ya’s wrks feature a mix f histry and science fictin. These tw styles seem ____7____: One lks back at the past, and the ther faces the future. Hwever, in Hai Ya’s wrks, they find a perfect balance.
“If we can nly i____8____ the future and things in space like rckets, it will nly limit ur imaginatin,” Hai Ya tld Shenzhen Special Zne Daily “I dn’t think h____9____ is smething cmpletely in the past. It is flwing (流动的), and we can make predictins (预测) abut the future by lking back at histry,” he added.
Mre Chinese writers tday are trying t mix t____10____ culture with mdern stries. Hai Ya believes that it is nt a chice but a natural prcess. “Our histry and culture have lasting values that can tuch everyne,” he said t Xinhua.
【答案】1. (t)hird 2. (i)dea##(i)deas 3. (w)h 4. (s)lve 5. (g)arden
6. (h)im 7. ()ppsite 8. (i)magine 9. (h)istry 10. (t)raditinal
【解析】本文主要介绍了海漄创作的《时空画家》以及他对作品的看法。
1.句意：继2015年的刘慈欣和2016年的郝景芳之后，他成为第三个获得雨果奖的中国作家。根据“after Liu Cixin in 2015 and Ha Jingfang in 2016” 可知，海漄是第三个获得雨果奖的中国作家，结合首字母提示t可知，序数词third “第三” 符合语境。故填(t)hird。
2.句意：在创作《时空画家》时，海漄的想法来源于一幅名画《江山图》。根据首字母提示i可知，idea表示 “想法”，单复数均符合语境。故填(i)dea/(i)deas。
3.句意：在王希孟的基础上，海漄创造了一个名叫赵希孟的人物，他在1000多年前为一位皇帝作画。根据“a character named Zha Ximeng fr an emperr”可知，此处要填关系代词作主语引导定语从句，先行词Zha Ximeng为人，应用wh。故填(w)h。
4.句意：在经历了许多艰难的时刻之后，赵希孟的思想离开了他的身体，进入了一个试图解决一个与古画有关的案件的现代警察的身体。slve a case “解决案件，破案”，动词不定式后面接动词原形。故填(s)lve。
5.句意：当我还是个孩子的时候，家乡的书店在我的脑海里创造了一个美丽的花园。根据“the mst beautiful ‘flwers’ ”和首字母提示g可知，花种在花园里，garden “花园”，符合语境。故填(g)arden。
6.句意：他补充说，科幻小说为他打开了一个新世界。根据“pened a new wrld fr”可知，指的是为他打开一个新世界，此处填人称代词宾格him。故填(h)im。
7.句意：这两种风格似乎是相反的：一种是回顾过去，另一种是面向未来。根据“One lks back at the past, and the ther faces the future.”可知，两种两者风格是相反的，结合首字母可知，ppsite “完全相反的”，符合句意。故填()ppsite。
8.句意：如果我们只能想象未来和太空中的东西，比如火箭，那只会限制我们的想象力。根据“it will nly limit ur imaginatin”和首字母i可知，此处指“想象”，情态动词后面接动词原形。故填(i)magine。
9.句意：我不认为历史完全是过去的事情。根据“smething cmpletely in the past”和首字母h可知，过去的事情指的应该是历史，histry “历史”，不可数名词，符合语境。故填(h)istry。
10.句意：如今，越来越多的中国作家试图将传统文化与现代故事结合起来。根据“ with mdern stries”可知，此处指传统文化与现代故事结合，traditinal “传统的”，形容词作定语，符合句意。故填(t)raditinal。
Passage 2
（2023·武汉）
阅读下面短文，根据上下文、所给首字母或括号内单词等提示，在空白处填入适当的单词。每个空只能填一个单词。
Traditinal Chinese Medicine (TCM) is used t help peple keep the balance f yin and yang. But have yu ever imagined that ne day yu can learn herb (药草) planting and TCM curses at schl?
A primary schl in Nanjing has just ___51___ (pen) a herb farm. Mre than 30 herbs are planted. Students there are g___52___by dctrs frm a TCM hspital t tell different herbs and learn plant develpment, medicinal value as well as ___53___ (grw) herbs. The hspital has als dnated ver 100 cartn bks abut TCM t help draw children’s a___54___ in herbal medicine.
Anther middle schl has i___55___ TCM curses t students f all grades. These curses c___56___ a basic knwledge f herbs, herb planting and cking with herbs. They give students a deeper understanding f TCM, bringing ut their sense f p___57___ in Chinese traditins and the cuntry’s rich culture.
Als in Shanghai, Tngji University has prvided freign students ___58___ sme chances t plant different kinds f herbs ___59___ (wide) used in Chinese medicine and cking. By taking care f the plants, freign students can get first-hand experience f making herbal medicine frm start t finish, and spread TCM culture t their ____60____ cuntries.
The herb planting curses at schls and universities acrss China get students clse t TCM and help pass n the traditin.
【答案】51. pened 52. (g)uided 53. grwing 54. (a)ttentin 55. (i)ntrduced
56. (c)ver 57. (p)ride 58. with 59. widely 60. ()wn
【解析】本文主要介绍了现在学校提供中医课程，希望能够传播中医。
51.句意：南京的一所小学刚刚开办了一个草药农场。pen“开设”，此处用过去分词和助动词has构成现在完成时。故填pened。
52.句意：那里的学生在中医医院的医生的指导下讲述不同的草药，学习植物发育、药用价值以及种植草药。根据“by dctrs...”可知是由医生指导，guide“指导”，此处用过去分词和be动词构成被动语态。故填(g)uided。
53.句意：那里的学生在中医医院的医生的指导下讲述不同的草药，学习植物发育、药用价值以及种植草药。as well as后加动名词grwing“种植”。故填grwing。
54.句意：医院还捐赠了100多本关于中医的漫画书，以吸引儿童对草药的关注。根据“draw children’ herbal medicine”可知是吸引孩子对于草药的关注，attentin“关注，注意”。故填(a)ttentin。
55.句意：另一所中学为所有年级的学生开设了中医课程。根据“TCM curses t students”可知是把中医课程介绍给学生，intrduce“介绍”，此处用过去分词和be动词构成被动语态。故填(i)ntrduced。
56.句意：这些课程涵盖了草药、草药种植和草药烹饪的基本知识。根据“a basic knwledge...”可知这些课程包括中医的基本知识，cver“包括，覆盖”，句子用一般现在时，主语是名词复数，动词用原形。故填(c)ver。
57.句意：他们让学生对中医有了更深入的了解，展现了他们对中国传统和丰富文化的自豪感。根据“in Chinese traditins and the cuntry’s rich culture”可知学习中医可以展现他们对中国文化的自豪感，pride“自豪”。故填(p)ride。
58.句意：同样在上海，同济大学为外国学生提供了广泛种植各种草药的机会用于中药和烹饪。prvide sb. with sth.“为某人提供某物”。故填with。
59.句意：通过照顾植物，外国学生可以获得从始至终制作草药的第一手经验，并将中医文化传播到自己的国家。此处修饰动词used用副词widely“广泛地”。故填widely。
60.句意：通过照顾植物，外国学生可以获得从始至终制作草药的第一手经验，并将中医文化传播到自己的国家。根据“freign TCM culture t ”可知外国学生把中医传播到他们自己的国家，wn“自己的”。故填()wn。
Passage 3
（2023·广州）
阅读短文，根据上下文和所给的首字母写出所缺单词。注意使用正确形式，每空限填一词。
Tday is Duanwu Jie r Dragn Bat Festival, ne f the mst imprtant festivals in China. Chinese peple r____46____ the great patritic pet (爱国诗人) Qu Yuan by rwing dragn bats and making zngzi n this day.
My village is famus fr its great prtectin f traditinal c____47____ and we have the best dragn bat race team f the city. Every year, villagers raise ur dragn bats frm under the river abut a mnth befre the festival. And then it is c____48____ cleaned and repainted. Our dragn bat is already 40 years ld. Made f a special kind f wd, it is still strng enugh t l____49____ fr a lng time.
This year, my elder brther is accepted int ur dragn bat race team as its yungest member. He’s nly 18, and I’m s p____50____ f him.
【答案】46. (r)emember 47. (c)ulture##(c)ustms 48. (c)arefully##(c)mpletely##(c)autiusly 49. (l)ast 50. (p)rud
【解析】本文主要介绍了端午节的庆祝活动以及作者村庄每年都会赛龙舟。
46句意：中国人民在这一天划龙舟、包粽子，纪念伟大的爱国诗人屈原。根据“great patritic pet (爱国诗人) QuYuan by rwing dragn bats and making zngzi n this day.”可知是指人们通过这些方式纪念屈原，remember“纪念”，是动词，此处是描述事实，应用一般现在时，主语是peple，动词用原形，故填(r)emember。
47句意：我的村庄以其对传统文化/习俗/仪式的保护而闻名，我们有全市最好的龙舟队。根据“My village is famus fr its great prtectin f traditinal”和首字母可知，此处可以指传统文化也可以指传统习俗。culture“文化”，此处是不可数名词；custm“习俗”，此处名词用复数。故填(c)ulture/(c)ustms。
48.句意：然后仔细/彻底/小心地清洗并重新粉刷。根据“Every year, villagers raise ur dragn bats frm under the river abut a mnth befre the festival.”可知每年端午节前一个月左右，村民们就会把龙舟从河底升起，结合首字母可知，然后应该要仔细/彻底/小心地清洗并重新粉刷。carefully“仔细地”，cmpletely“完全地”，cautiusly“小心地”，副词修饰动词。故填(c)arefully/(c)mpletely/(c)autiusly。
49.句意：它由一种特殊的木材制成，仍然足够坚固，可以使用很长时间。根据“Made f a special kind f wd”可知龙舟是由一种特殊的木材制成，很坚固，可以持续使用很长时间。last“持续”，动词，空前有不定式符号，动词用原形，故填(l)ast。
50.句意：他才18岁，我为他感到骄傲。根据“This year, my elder brther is accepted int ur dragn bat race team as its yungest member”结合首字母可知，此处是固定短语be prud f“为……感到自豪”，故填(p)rud。
Passage 4
（2024·上海宝山一模）
In 2013, Diana Nyad became the first persn t swim frm Cuba (古巴) t Flrida (美国弗罗里达州) withut the help f a shark cage, at age 64.
Diana was brn in New Yrk City but mved t Flrida after her graduatin frm cllege. She began swimming at the age f 10 and shwed t____51____ and lve fr the sprt frm an early stage. Under the cach f Jack Nelsn, the frmer (昔日的) Olympic swimmer, she wn a lt f lng-distance swimming cmpetitins during the 1960s and 1970s. Diana became well-knwn fr setting a new r____52____ fr swimming arund the island f Manhatan (曼哈顿岛) in 1975 in a time f 7 hurs and 57 minutes.
At the age f 28, Diana tried t swim frm Cuba t Flrida fr the first time, but was unsuccessful after high winds frced her t give up the jurney. After experiencing v____53____ injuries and health prblems, Diana felt the need fr new challenges beynd the pl. At the age f 30, she became a jurnalist in bradcast. Diana lved her new jb, but frm the bttm f her heart, there still was an u____54____ gal.
After 30 years f n swimming, Diana began training at age 60 with the gal f finishing what she started. In 2011, she failed the Cuba-t-Flrida swim t____55____, first making it 29 hurs and then 41 hurs. The swim was t difficult and full f danger. During the lng and tiring jurney, Diana had met with terrible strm and deadly sea animals such as sharks and bx jellyfish (箱形水 母). But every time Diana failed, she was ready t fight back. In August 2012, after she had spent 60 hurs in the water, a lightning strm and ther prblems stpped her fr the furth time.
In 2013, 35 years after her first try, the 64-year-ld Diana planned t swim frm Cuba t Flrida fr a fifth time. After 52 hurs 54 minutes and 18 secnds, Diana cmpleted the histric swim with the help f a crew f dctrs, scientists and navigatrs n September 2. She finally became the first persn t a____56____ the clse-t-impssible gal.
In her bk Find a Way, Diana sent us three messages:
1.We shuld never ever give up;
2. It’s never t ld t chase yur dreams;
3. The swim lks like an individual sprt but a____57____ it needs a team effrt.
【答案】51. (t)alent 52. (r)ecrd 53. (v)arius 54. (u)nusual 55. (t)rip 56. (a)chieve 57. (a)ctually
【解析】本文讲述了64岁时的尼亚德创造了历史，成为第一个不使用防鲨笼从古巴游到佛罗里达的人。
51.句意：她从10岁开始游泳，从小就表现出了对这项运动的天赋和热爱。根据“She began swimming at the age f 10 and shwed…and lve fr the sprt frm an early stage.”的句意及首字母提示可知，此处指天赋，talent“天赋”，不可数名词。故填(t)alent。
52.句意：1975年，戴安娜以7小时57分钟的成绩创造了绕曼哈顿岛游泳的新纪录。根据空后的“in a time f 7 hurs and 57 minutes”可知，此处指创造新纪录，setting a new recrd“创造新纪录”，固定词组。故填(r)ecrd。
53.句意：在经历了各种伤病和健康问题之后，戴安娜觉得有必要在泳池之外进行新的挑战。根据“After experiencing …injuries and health prblems, Diana felt the need fr new challenges beynd the pl.”的句意及首字母提示可知，此处指经历了各种伤病和健康问题，varius“各种各样的”符合。故填(v)arius。
54.句意：戴安娜喜欢她的新工作，但从内心深处，她仍然有一个不同寻常的目标。根据下文“After 30 years f n swimming, Diana began training at age 60 with the gal f finishing what she started. In 2011, she failed the Cuba-t-Flrida swim…”及首字母提示可知，此处指有一个不同寻常的目标，unusual“不寻常的”符合。故填(u)nusual。
55.句意：2011年，她在古巴到佛罗里达的游泳之旅中失败了，最初是29小时，后来是41小时。根据上文“At the age f 28, Diana tried t swim frm Cuba t Flrida…frced her t give up the jurney.”及首字母提示可知，此处指旅行，trip“旅行”符合。故填(t)rip。
56.句意：她终于成为第一个实现这个几乎不可能实现的目标的人。achieve the gal“实现目标”，固定词组；根据空前的“t”可知，此处应用动词原形。故填(a)chieve。
57.句意：游泳看起来像是一项个人运动，但实际上需要团队的努力。根据空前的“but”及首字母提示可知，此处句意发生了转折，表示但实际上需要团队的努力；分析句子结构可知，此处应用副词形式作状语。故填(a)ctually。
Passage 5
（2024·上海奉节一模）
在短文的空格内填入适当的词, 使其内容通顺，首字母已给.(14分.
The Value f Timekeeping
Are yu ften late fr things? D yu wish yu culd be mre n time? Lts f peple find it difficult t be n time. As the new schl year starts, it’s gd t brush up n timekeeping skills.
Being punctual means being able t arrive smewhere, cmplete a task r meet smene at an agreed time. Examples i___51___ getting t yur classrm befre the lessn begins, handing in yur hmewrk n time and arriving at a friend’s huse when yu say yu’ll be there.
Being late can feel stressful, nt nly fr yurself but fr the peple arund yu. It als makes it easy t f___52___ smething imprtant. “When I’m late, I feel disrganized and panicky (恐慌的).” says a student called Freddie. “But when I’m n time, I’m mre r___53___ because I dn’t have t run arund lking fr things.”
Being n time als makes yu feel mre prepared. Finishing a prject early gives yu e___54___ time t make imprvements. Packing yur bags the night befre a match r perfrmance allws yu t feel calmer and mre fcused the next day. By being punctual, yu’re telling yurself that yur time matters, and yu’re shwing ther peple that yu’re reliable and yu r___55___ time, t.
Grace Pacie is an authr wh writes abut lateness. She believes there are lts f reasns why peple aren’t punctual. Sme aren’t gd at measuring time; thers dislike being early and waiting arund. Pacie believes yu can learn t be mre punctual by arranging t meet a friend n the way t schl b___56___ this will make yu get ut f the dr earlier. Or, if yu dn’t like waiting arund, try arriving early but fill yur time with smething interesting like listening t music r reading a bk. It’s nt always easy t change timekeeping h___57___. Taking small steps twards becming mre punctual can help yu feel calmer and mre rganized.
【答案】51. (i)nclude 52. (f)rget 53. (r)elaxed 54. (e)xtra 55. (r)espect 56. (b)ecause 57. (h)abits
【解析】本文主要介绍了守时的重要性和价值。
51.句意：例如，在课程开始前到达教室，按时交作业，在你说你会去的时候到达朋友家。根据“getting t yur classrm befre the lessn begins, handing in yur hmewrk n time and arriving at a friend’s huse when yu say yu’ll be there.”可知，这些都是守时的例子，结合首字母可知，这里可以用动词include“包括”。主语是复数，动词用原形。故填(i)nclude。
52.句意：它也容易让人忘记一些重要的事情。根据“Being late can feel stressful”可知，迟到会让我们容易忘记一些重要的事情。frget“忘记”，动词，不定式符号t后应用动词原形，故填(f)rget。
53.句意：但当我准时到达时，我会更放松，因为我不必到处找东西。根据上文“Being late can feel stressful”可知，迟到会让人感到压力。所以准时到达，人会感觉轻松。relaxed“感到放松的”符合语境，故填(r)elaxed。
54.句意：提前完成一个项目会给你额外的时间来改进。根据“Finishing a prject early”可知，提前完成任务会有额外的时间来改进。extra“额外的”符合语境。故填(e)xtra。
55.句意：通过守时，你在告诉自己时间很重要，你也在向别人展示你是可靠的，你也尊重时间。根据“By being punctual, yu’re telling yurself that yur time matters, and yu’re shwing ther peple that yu’re reliable”可知，守时可以向他人展示出你对时间的尊重。respect表示“尊重”，主语是yu，动词用原形。故填(r)espect。
56.句意：Pacie认为，你可以通过在去学校的路上安排与朋友见面来学会更守时，因为这将使你更早出门。分析后句和前句的关系可知，后句是原因，可以用because引导原因状语从句。故填(b)ecause。
57.句意：改变守时的习惯并不总是那么容易。根据“It’s nt always easy t change timekeeping h...”以及整篇文章可知，改变守时的习惯并不总是那么容易。habit“习惯”，名词应用复数表示泛指。故填(h)abits。
Passage 6
（2023·天津）
根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词，使短文意思完整。每空限填一词。
A smile shws that a persn is happy. Fr example, a persn may smile when he r she is p 66 with sme prgress in studies. Or a persn may smile if a friend tells a funny jke. There are ther gd r 67 t smile ften.
First, it is e 68 t smile than t shw unhappiness. In fact, it nly takes 17 muscles (肌肉) t smile. On the ther hand, it takes 43 muscles t shw unhappiness. S give the muscles in yur f 69 a rest and smile!
Secnd, smiles are nice. Peple may try t l 70 nice by exercising r wearing nice clthes. Hwever, peple ften say a smile is the best thing a persn can wear. That is because it is easy t be a 71 smene wh is smiling and happy. Almst n ne wants t stay with smene wh is always unhappy.
Third, smiles have pwer (感染力). Bth smiling and laughing can easily and quickly s 72 frm ne persn t anther. If ne persn smiles, peple arund him r her want t smile, t. Similarly, when a persn laughs, peple tend (往往会) t laugh with him r her. If a persn is s 73 , the best thing t d is t share a smile r a laugh. It is the easiest way t cheer smene up.
F 74 , smiling and laughing are very gd fr the bdy. Even thugh yu are sad, try smiling. Yu’ll find that it will be difficult t s 75 sad fr very lng!
【答案】66．(p)leased 67．(r)easns 68．(e)asier 69．(f)ace 70．(l)k 71．(a)rund 72．(s)pread 73．(s)ad 74．(F)inally 75．(s)tay
【解析】本文主要介绍了对别人微笑的好处。
66．句意：例如，当一个人对学习上的进步感到满意时，他或她可能会微笑。be pleased with“对……感到满意”，此处指对学习上的进步感到满意。故填(p)leased。
67．句意：还有其他的好理由经常微笑。根据下文内容及首字母r可知下文中介绍了微笑的理由，reasn“理由，原因”，ther后接名词复数。故填(r)easns。
68．句意：首先，微笑比表现不开心更容易。根据“In fact, it nly takes 17 muscles t smile. On the ther hand, it takes 43 muscles t shw unhappiness.”可知微笑比表现不开心更容易，is后接easy的比较级easier表示“更容易的”。故填(e)asier。
69．句意：所以，让你脸上的肌肉休息一下，微笑吧！根据“In fact, it nly takes 17 muscles t smile. On the ther hand, it takes 43 muscles t shw unhappiness.”可推出此处用的是脸部肌肉，结合首字母f可知用face表示“脸”。故填(f)ace。
70．句意：人们可能会通过锻炼或穿漂亮的衣服来使自己看起来漂亮。根据“by exercising r wearing nice clthes”可知做这些是为了看起来漂亮，lk“看起来”，不定式符号t后用动词原形，构成不定式。故填(l)k。
71．句意：这是因为我们很容易和一个微笑和快乐的人在一起。根据“Almst n ne wants t stay with smene wh is always unhappy.”可知待在爱笑的人周围很容易，用arund表示“在……周围”。故填(a)rund。
72．句意：微笑和大笑都能轻易而迅速地从一个人传播到另一个人。根据“frm ne persn t anther”可知此处指从人到人的传播，spread“传播”，can后用动词原形。故填(s)pread。
73．句意：如果一个人悲伤，最好的办法就是分享一个微笑或大笑。根据“It is the easiest way t cheer smene up.”可知要使难过的人高兴起来，is后接形容词sad表示“难过的”。故填(s)ad。
74．句意：最后，微笑和大笑对身体很好。根据“First ... Secnd ... Third ...”及首字母F可知此处用Finally表示“最后”。故填(F)inally。
75．句意：你会发现保持悲伤很长时间是很困难的！根据“fr very lng”可知此处指长时间保持悲伤，stay“保持，停留”。故填(s)tay。
Passage 7
请认真阅读下面短文,并根据各题所给首字母的提示,写出一个合适的英语单词完整、正确的形式,使短文通顺。
A girl cmplained t her father abut her hard life. She didn't knw what she had t d and wanted t give up. She was t 1 f fighting and fighting. One prblem had been f 2 anther came ver.
Her father, ck, tk her int the kitchen. He pured water int three pans(锅) and biled it. When the water was biling, in the first pan he put sme carrts, in the secnd he put sme eggs and in the last he put sme cffee. He waited fr them fr a few minutes w 3 any wrds.
The girl waited impatiently, nt knwing why her father was ding that. Abut 20 minutes later, her father turned ff the stve, tk ut the carrts and put them in a bwl. He tk ut the eggs and put them in a 4 bwl. After that the cffee was pured int a cup. Turning back t his daughter, he asked, "My sweet heart, what d yu s 5 ?""Carrts, eggs and cffee", she answered.
Her father tld her t clse her eyes and let her tuch the carrts. She did s and f 6 . that the carrts were sft. After that he asked her t take eggs and b 7 them. Then, she gt the eggs, warm and hard. At last, the father asked her t smell the cffee. She asked, "What did yu d this fr, Father?" He e 8 that each ne had had the same unlucky experience the biling water, but each had a d 9 result. The strng and hard carrts had becme sft and weak after being in the biling water. The eggs became hard after being cked. The cffee was very special and it c 10 the water "Wh are yu?" asked her father.
【解析】文章讲述了一个女孩向父亲抱怨生活的艰辛，她不知道怎么做，因此想放弃；父亲通过用开水煮鸡蛋、胡萝卜和咖啡，这三样东西得到了不同的结果，来告诉她怎么面对困难。
【答案】
1．tired句意：她厌烦了不停地拼搏。A girl cmplained t her father abut her hard life. 一个女孩向她的父亲抱怨生活的艰辛，和wanted t give up想放弃，结合首字母，可知是be tired f ding厌倦做某事；故填tired。
2．finished句意：一个问题结束另一个又来了。根据上句fighting and fighting拼搏再拼搏，和 anther came ver另一个又来了，结合首字母，可知是finish结束，根据had been可知是过去完成时的被动语态；故填finished。
3．withut句意：他等它们几分钟，没有说话。根据The girl waited impatiently, nt knwing why her father was ding that. 这个女孩等的不耐烦了，不知道她父亲为什么那样做；结合首字母，可知是withut没有说话；故填withut。
4．anther句意：他拿出鸡蛋，把它们放到另一个碗里。根据tk ut the carrts and put them in a bwl.拿出胡萝卜放到一个碗里，结合首字母，可知鸡蛋放到另一个碗里，anther另一个；故填anther。
5．see句意：你看到了什么？Carrts, eggs and cffee胡萝卜，鸡蛋和咖啡，结合首字母，可知问看见了什么，根据d可知是一般现在时态，谓语动词用原形；故填see。
6．felt句意：她那样做了，感觉胡萝卜是软的。根据 clse her eyes and let her tuch the carrts闭上眼睛摸胡萝卜，可知是感觉；由did可知是过去时态，feel的过去式felt；故填felt。
7．break句意：他让她拿出鸡蛋打破它们。she gt the eggs, warm and hard她拿到鸡蛋，又温暖又硬；结合首字母，可知是break打破，ask sb. t d sth.让某人做某事；故填break。
8．explained句意：他解释每一个都有在沸水中不幸的经历，但是每一个有不同的结果。What did yu d this fr, Father?你为什么那样做，爸爸？结合首字母，可知是爸爸explain解释，根据文章可知是过去时态；故填explained。
9．different句意：他解释每一个都有在沸水中不幸的经历，但是每一个有不同的结果。The strng and hard carrts had becme sft and weak after being in the biling water. The eggs became hard after being cked. 硬的胡萝卜经过开水后变软了，鸡蛋变硬了；结合首字母，可知是different不同的结果；故填different。
10．changed句意：咖啡非常特殊，它改变了水。the father asked her t smell the cffee爸爸让她闻咖啡，可知咖啡放到开水里，水的味道变了，根据 was very special 可知是过去时态；故填changed。
Passage 8
（2023-2024期末·武汉）
读下面短文，根据上下文、 所给首字母或括号内单词等提示，在空白处填入适当的单词。 每个空只能填一个单词。
Ancient bks can take us back t the past. Hwever, expsing (暴露) them in air des n gd t the fragile (脆弱的) pages. Ding Feng, an ancient bk restrer (修复师) f the Nanjing Library, made replicas (仿制品) t s____51____ the prblems.
Ding has made hundreds f ancient bk replicas. They i____52____ bks frm ld temples (寺庙) and the imperial examinatin paper f Ga E. Ga is k____53____ fr writing the last 40 chapters f Dream f the Red Chamber (《红楼梦》). Ga’s paper als has the signatures (签名) f Ji Xialan and Heshen. Ding’s ____54____ (big) replica is a three meter lng exam paper frm the Qing Dynasty (1644-1911). It’s f a first-place winner in the imperial examinatins fr military persnnel (在科举考试中).
“We are ne f the first ____55____ (library) in China t make ancient bk replicas,” said Ding, “Many replicas are shwn ____56____ different museums s mre peple can knw abut ancient bks. They als help p____57____ the riginal (真迹的) nes ”
Making a replica ____58____ (need) many skills. First, the restrer scans (扫描) the bk pages ne by ne. Then they put them tgether and adjust (调试) the clrs u____59____ design sftware. Finding the right paper fr the replica is nt easy. Smetimes they even dye (染) the paper t get the best clr and texture (质感). What’s mre, restrers need t r____60____ knw the histry and cultural backgrund f the bks.
A restrer brings ld bks back t life by making replicas.
【答案】51. (s)lve 52. (i)nclude 53. (k)nwn 54. biggest 55. libraries 56. in 57. (p)rtect
58. needs 59. (u)sing 60. (r)eally
【解析】本文主要讲述了南京图书馆古籍修复师丁峰制作古籍仿制品来解决古籍脆弱的问题。
51.句意：南京图书馆的古籍修复师丁峰制作了仿制品来解决这些问题。根据“an ancient bk restrer (修复师) f the Nanjing Library”和首字母提示可知，修复师是来解决问题的。slve意为“解决”，此处为t+动词原形，不定式表目的，故填(s)lve。
52.句意：它们是古庙里的书籍和高鹗的科举试卷。根据“bks frm ld temples (寺庙) and the imperial examinatin paper f Ga E.”和首字母提示可知，丁峰的仿制品包含古庙里的书籍和高鹗的科举试卷。include意为“包括”，文章使用一般现在时，they作主语，谓语动词要用原形，故填(i)nclude。
53.句意：高鹗因撰写《红楼梦》后四十回而闻名。根据“is k… fr”可知，be knwn fr意为“因……闻名”，故填(k)nwn。
54.句意：丁峰最大的仿制品是一张三米长的清朝（1644-1911年）试卷。根据语境和所给单词提示可知，此处表示丁峰最大的一件仿制品。biggest意为“最大的”，符合语境。故填biggest。
55.句意：我们是中国最早制作古籍复制品的图书馆之一。根据“ne f”可知，后跟可数名词复数，表示“……其中之一”，故填libraries。
56.句意：许多仿制品在不同的博物馆展出，让更多的人了解古籍。根据“different museums”可知，此处表示在不同的博物馆里展出，in表示“在……里”，故填in。
57.句意：它们也有助于保护真迹。根据“the riginal (真迹的) nes.”和首字母提示可知，此处指纺织品可以保护真迹。prtect意为“保护”，help d sth表示“帮助做某事”，故填(p)rtect。
58.句意：制作一个仿制品需要很多技巧。根据“Making a replica…(need) many skills.”可知，制作一个仿制品需要很多技巧。Making a replica是动名词作主语，动词要用第三人称单数，故填needs。
59.句意：然后他们把它们放在一起并使用设计软件调整颜色。根据“adjust (调试) the clrs u… design sftware.”和首字母提示可知，使用软件调整颜色。use意为“使用”，应使用动名词作方式状语，故填(u)sing。
60.句意：此外，修复师需要真正了解书籍的历史和文化背景。根据语境和首字母提示可知，这里指修复师需要真正地了解书籍的历史文化和背景，really表示“真正地”，副词修饰动词knw，故填(r)eally。
Passage 9
（2023·江苏连云港）
根据短文意思和首字母提示，写出一个完整正确的单词。
The traditinal Chinese lunar calendar has 24 slar terms (节气) in a year. Ancient Chinese peple created this system t m____51____ the change f time based n the sun’s psitin. In ancient times, this system guided farming activities. It t____52____ farmers what t d accrding t the changes in temperature. Tday, 24 slar terms still play an imprtant rle in Chinese peple’s e____53____ life. They remind peple f the changes in s____54____ and t eat suitable fd. This ancient time system has gained new charm nw. In Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics, the directr used a new cuntdwn (倒计时) methd, shwing 24 slar terms instead f numbers. This creative methd was greatly p____55____ by peple arund the wrld. They are amazed by the wisdm f Chinese peple.
【答案】51. (m)ark 52. (t)ld 53. (e)veryday 54. (s)easns 55. (p)raised
【解析】本文主要介绍了中国古人创造的24节气以及这个古老的时间系统带来的新的魅力。
51.句意：中国古人创造这个系统是为了根据太阳的位置来标记时间的变化。根据“Ancient Chinese peple created this system t change f time based n the sun’s psitin.”可知24节气是为了根据太阳的位置来标记时间的变化，mark“标记”，动词，空前有不定式符号t，动词用原形，故填(m)ark。
52.句意：它告诉农民根据温度的变化做什么。根据“farmers what t d accrding t the changes in temperature”可知24个节气可以告诉农民根据温度的变化来做事情，tell“告诉”，此处是说在古代的时候，应用一般过去时，动词用过去式，故填(t)ld。
53.句意：今天，24节气在中国人的日常生活中仍然扮演着重要的角色。根据“play an imprtant rle in Chinese peple’s ”可知是指日常生活，应用everyday life。故填(e)veryday。
54.句意：他们提醒人们季节的变化和吃合适的食物。根据“They remind peple f the changes in s...”可知是指季节的变化，seasn“季节”，可数名词，此处应用复数，故填(s)easns。
55.句意：这种创造性的方法受到了全世界人民的极大赞扬。根据“They are amazed by the wisdm f Chinese peple.”以及空处单词的首字母可知，这种创造性的方法被全世界人们赞扬。praise“赞扬”，动词，和主语之间是被动关系，所以动词用过去分词，故填(p)raised。
Passage 10
（2023-2024·广州天河统考）
根据短文的内容及首字母提示写出文中所缺单词。
Exams are part f schl life. Almst everyne wrries abut them, even t____46____ they have prepared well. Getting t nervus can stp yu frm wrking t yur best. Here are sme ideas t help yu.
T slve this prblem, the keys are planning and preparing fr yur study, and giving yurself enugh time t d it. Then yu will make p____47____ in study day by day.
If yu want yur brain t wrk at its very best, it needs t stay r____48____ befre bed. During yur exam perid, a____49____ studying late at night and try t g t bed early. If yu have truble answering a questin, leave it and mve n t the next ne.
Yu are nt alne in this. S____50____ yur wrries with smene yu trust, and get help frm him r her. It’s imprtant nt t let the prblem get ut f cntrl.
【答案】46. (t)hugh 47. (p)rgress 48. (r)elaxed 49. (a)vid 50. (S)hare
【解析】本文介绍了如何应对考试焦虑的一些建议。
46.句意：几乎每个人都担心考试，尽管他们已经做好了充分的准备。根据“even ... they have prepared well.”可知，此句为让步状语从句，结合首字母t可知，用even thugh“尽管”引导。故填(t)hugh。
47.句意：那么你的学习就会一天比一天进步。根据“Then yu will make ... in study day by day.”可知，此处表示学习取得进步，make prgress“取得进步”。故填(p)rgress。
48.句意：如果你想让你的大脑处于最佳状态，它需要在睡前保持放松。根据“it needs t stay ... befre bed”可知，睡前应该保持放松的状态，relaxed“放松的”符合，stay realxed“保持放松”。故填(r)elaxed。
49.句意：在考试期间，避免学习到深夜，尽量早睡。根据“During yur exam perid, ... studying late at night”可知，考试期间应该避免学习到深夜，avid“避免”符合，此句为祈使句，动词用原形。故填(a)vid。
50.句意：与你信任的人分享你的担忧，并从他或她那里获得帮助。根据“... yur wrries with smene yu trust”可知，与信任的人分享担忧，share“分享”符合，此句为祈使句，动词用原形。故填(S)hare。
Passage 11
（2023-2024·广州白云区统考）
根据下列语篇以及所给单词的首字母写出所缺单词。要求写出完整单词。（每空只写一词）
Stephen Hawking was a famus physicist. He was brn in 1942. He died at his hme n March 14th, 2018 in Cambridge, Britain.
Since he was 21 years ld, Hawking had been b___46___ ill, but he didn’t give up his hpe f living. He went n t s___47___ at Cambridge University after graduating frm Oxfrd University, In 1965, he gt a dctr’s degree (博士学位). Then he wrked as a prfessr at Cambridge University.
Hawking was knwn tr his wrk with black hles. He als w___48___ several ppular science bks. Althugh he didn’t live as freely as thers, he still felt lie was happy and he was thankful t life. When Hawking was i___49___ t China, he made speeches in sme famus universities.
Frm Stephen Hawking’s w___50___ life, we learn that n matter hw bad life is, we shuld nt lse hpe. As he nce said, “Life is nt fair, yu just have t d the best yu can in yur wn situatin.”
【答案】46. (b)adly 47. (s)tudy 48. (w)rte 49. (i)nvited 50. (w)hle
【解析】本文主要介绍了霍金的生平。
46.句意：从21岁起，霍金就身患重病，但他并没有放弃活下去的希望。根据“Hawking had been , but he didn’t give up his hpe f living.”可知，霍金病得很严重。badly“严重地”，副词修饰动词，故填(b)adly。
47.句意：从牛津大学毕业后，他继续在剑桥大学学习，并于1965年获得博士学位。根据“at Cambridge University after graduating frm Oxfrd University”可知，是指在剑桥大学学习。study“学习”，不定式符号t后跟动词原形，故填(s)tudy。
48.句意：他还写了几本科普书。根据“He als ppular science bks.”可知，霍金写了几本科普书。write“写”，动词，句子是一般过去时，动词用过去式，故填(w)rte。
49.句意：当霍金被邀请到中国时，他在一些著名的大学做了演讲。根据“When Hawking was China, he made speeches in sme famus universities.”可知，是指霍金被邀请，invite“邀请”，此处是一般过去时的被动语态结构，动词用过去分词，故填(i)nvited。
50.句意：从霍金的一生中，我们知道，无论生活多么糟糕，我们都不应该失去希望。根据“Frm Stephen Hawking’s , we learn that n matter hw bad life is”可知，是指霍金的一生，whle“整个的”符合语境，故填(w)hle。
Passage 12
（2023-2024·广州花都统考）
根据下列语篇以及所给单词的首字母写出所缺单词。要求写出完整单词。（每空只写一词）
Many f yu shuld have heard f Tiangng Kaiwu. It is c___46___ ne f the greatest encyclpedias written in Chinese. But hw much d yu learn abut its w___47___ , Sng Yingxing?
Sng was a great scientist during the late Ming dynasty. He and his brther went t schl tgether. They were very successful in the prvincial Imperial Exam (乡试). Later, Sng and his brther tk the natinal Imperial Exam (会试), but they bth f___48___.
Sng wrked as a teacher fr many years. Meanwhile, he sat fr the natinal Imperial Exam fr anther fur times. But he was nt l___49___ enugh t achieve any success. On his trips t the capital t take the e___50___, hwever, he learned abut the different technlgies and created Tiangng Kaiwu in the 1630s.
【答案】46. (c)nsidered 47. (w)riter 48. (f)ailed 49. (l)ucky 50. (e)xams
【解析】本文主要介绍了《天工开物》的作者——宋应星的生平。
46.句意：它被认为是最伟大的中文百科全书之一。根据“ne f the greatest encyclpedias written in Chinese”可知它被认为是最伟大的中文百科全书之一，be cnsidered“被认为”，被动语态，故填(c)nsidered。
47.句意：但你对它的作者宋应星了解多少呢？根据“Sng Yingxing”可知是指它的作者，writer“作者”，此空用单数，指代宋应星。故填(w)riter。
48.句意：后来，宋和他的兄弟参加了国家会试，但他们都没有通过。根据but可知表转折，即没有通过，fail“失败”，此处动作发生在过去，用过去式。故填(f)ailed。
49.句意：但他并没有足够幸运取得任何成功。根据“t achieve any success”可知指没有足够幸运取得任何成功，lucky“幸运的”，符合语境，故填(l)ucky。
50.句意：然而，在他前往首都参加考试的途中，他了解了不同的技术，并在17世纪30年代创作了《天工开物》。根据“On his trips t the capital t”可知指前往首都参加考试的途中，take the exams“参加考试”，exams用复数形式表示泛指，故填(e)xams。
考向3短文填空之自由填空
（2023·湖南岳阳）
阅读填空。根据短文内容，在文中空格处填上一个恰当的词，使短文完整、通顺。
Vlunteering means that smene wrks t help peple withut being paid. Vlunteers help peple wh really need help. There are many places where yu can see different vlunteers.
At schl gates, yu can see sme vlunteers with red vests (马甲). Can yu guess ____41____ they are? They are parent vlunteers. When students g ____42____ the street, parent vlunteers ____43____ up a “SLOW” sign t let drivers slw dwn. In rder t becme prfessinal traffic vlunteers, parents are suppsed t learn hw t give directins t students and stp them frm ____44____ sccer n the rad. ____45____ f these vlunteers, students can get t schl and g back hme safely. Yueyang Daily reprts many parents are lking ____46____ t being a vlunteer. They wish t make an effrt t prtect students’ safety. Anther grup f “red vests” shw up n main rads. They help cleaners pick up dirty paper, plastic bags, glass bttles and s n. They ask the passers-by (路人) nt t thrw the rubbish everywhere. “____47____ yu please take away yur rubbish?” “Wuld yu mind picking up yur cigarette butts (烟头)? ...” ____48____ their wrk seems simple, they still take it seriusly. Wherever yu g, yu can see vlunteers in red vests, they have becme the mst beautiful scenes in ur city.
Sme teenagers ____49____ their free time in hspitals r ld peple’s hmes. They cheer sick kids up r lk after ld peple. In the cuntryside, sme cllege students play an imprtant rle ____50____ vlunteering. They can prvide science and technlgy help fr farmers. Sme vlunteers wrk as teachers in village schls.
A lt f vlunteers give their kindness with a helping band. They can make a difference t peple in need and the sciety.
【答案】41. wh 42. acrss 43. put 44. playing 45. Because 46. frward
47. Culd 48. Althugh##Thugh 49. spend 50. in
【解析】本文主要介绍不同地方的不同志愿者。
41.句意：你能猜到他们是谁吗？根据“Can yu are? They are parent vlunteers.”可知，猜他们是谁，用wh引导宾语从句，故填wh。
42.句意：当学生过马路时，家长志愿者会竖起一个“SLOW”的标志，让司机减速。根据“When students street”可知，此处是g acrss the street短语，意为“过马路”，故填acrss。
43.句意：当学生过马路时，家长志愿者会竖起一个“SLOW”的标志，让司机减速。根据“parent a ‘SLOW’ sign”可知，此处是put up短语，意为“举起”，故填put。
44.句意：为了成为专业的交通志愿者，父母应该学会如何给学生指路，阻止他们在路上踢足球。根据“stp them n the rad”可知，此处是play sccer短语，意为“踢足球”，frm是介词，其后加动名词作宾语。故填playing。
45.句意：因为有了这些志愿者，学生们可以安全地上学和回家。根据“ these vlunteers, students can get t schl and g back hme safely.”可知，因为志愿者，学生们可以安全上下学，because f“因为”符合语境，句首需大写首字母。故填Because。
46.句意：据《岳阳日报》报道，许多家长都期待着成为一名志愿者。根据“Yueyang Daily reprts many parents are being a vlunteer.”可知，此处是lk frward t短语，意为“期待”，故填frward。
47.句意：请你把垃圾拿走好吗？根据“ please take away yur rubbish?”可知，请对方把垃圾带走，用culd表示委婉语气，句首需大写首字母。故填Culd。
48.句意：虽然他们的工作看起来很简单，但他们仍然认真对待。分析“ wrk seems simple, they still take it seriusly.”可知，前后两句构成让步关系，用althugh/thugh引导让步状语从句，句首需大写首字母。故填Althugh/Thugh。
49.句意：一些青少年在医院或敬老院度过他们的空闲时间。根据“Sme free time in hspitals r ld peple’s hmes.”可知，此处指度过他们的空闲时间，spend“度过”，时态是一般现在时，主语是复数，动词用原形。故填spend。
50.句意：在农村，一些大学生在志愿服务中发挥着重要作用。根据“sme cllege students play an imprtant ”可知，此处play an imprtant rle in短语，意为“在……中起重要作用”，故填in。
自由填空是中考短文填空中难度最大的，这种题目因题型的开放性和综合性而备受关注。试题特点是一篇短文挖空8—10个单词，且没有任何提示，让考生根据短文内容自由填词，难度较大，主观性较强，有时可能出现多种答案。
满分技巧
1. 解题步骤：
（1）快速浏览，了解大意。对于简单把握的空，可以先填出来；
（2）上下求索，填出答案。根据上下文及空格前后的逻辑关系，填出正确的词以及正确的形式；
（3）通读全文，检查确认。特别要注意，根据文章意思，有些空是否要加入否定前缀。
无提示词的空格一般需要填入冠词、代词、介词、连词（并列连词和从属连词）等虚词。
（1）名词前面一般用冠词、代词或介词等。
（2）如果需要填入代词，就要考虑到是人称代词的主格、宾格或物主代词的变化、指示代词的用法；
（3）并列的两个或多个单词，短语，或句子之间设空，一般填入并列连词and, but, r等；
（4）两句之间，如果不是并列句，则很可能是主从句，因此需要填入从属连词（what, which, wh, hw, when等）。或者是宾语从句，定语从句或者是状语从句的连接词。这种空格需要同学们根据句子结构，分析到底是什么从句，从而选择合适的从属连词。
Passage 1
（2023·重庆）
根据下面短文内容及部分首字母提示，在短文的空格处填上一个最恰当的词，使短文完整、通顺。请将完整的单词填写在答题卡上对应的位置。
After exercising, the first thing that yu want t d is t drink up a glass f cld water. When the water travels dwn yur thrat, yu will ____54____ s gd. Hwever, yu are ften tld nt t d s. Is drinking ____55____ water really unhealthy?
Cld water is said t slw dwn a persn’s digestin(消化). Having cld water r a cld drink makes yur bdy’s temperature l____56____. Cld water causes yur bld vessels (血管) t becme narrwer (更狭窄的). S, the bdy needs t burn energy t bring yur ____57____ back t nrmal. At the same time, less energy is used fr digestin.
Think f yur digestive system as a burning pt. If smene suddenly pured cld water int this pt what wuld ____58____? Ding this wuld be dangerus. Similarly, when yu drink cld water while eating, it is ____59____ adding water t a burning pt. Of curse, it isn’t that bad, but it is a gd way t explain why drinking cld water during meals maybe a bad idea. ____60____ yu cannt cntrl yur urge(冲动) t d s, drinking water at rm temperature is a better chice.
Traditinal Chinese medicine suggests trying t avid drinking cld water. And mdern studies in Eurpe pint ut drinking cld water causes headaches. Scientists are ding mre research n this. Maybe in the future t____61____ can give us mre helpful infrmatin.
【答案】54. feel 55. cld 56. (l)w 57. temperature 58. happen 59. like 60. If
61. (t)echnlgy
【解析】本文主要介绍了经常性饮用冷水对身体所产生的不良影响。
54.句意：当水顺着你的喉咙流下来时，你会感觉很好。根据“After exercising, the first thing that yu want t d is t drink up a glass f cld water.”可知很多人运动后，要做的第一件事就是喝一杯冷水，因为水顺着喉咙流下来时，会感觉很好，feel“感觉”，动词，will后用动词原形，故填feel。
55.句意：喝冷水真的不健康吗？根据下文“Cld water is said t slwdwn a persn’s digestin(消化).”可知是指冷水，应用cld water，故填cld。
56.句意：喝冷水或冷饮会使你的体温降低。根据“Having cld water r a cld drink makes yur bdy’s temperature l...”可知喝冷水会降低体温，lw“降低”，动词。make sb d sth“使某人做某事”，故填(l)w。
57.句意：所以，身体需要燃烧能量来使你的体温恢复正常。根据“S, the bdy needs t burn energy t bring t nrmal”可知喝冷水后身体需要燃烧能量来使你的体温恢复正常，此处应填名词temperature“温度”。故填temperature 。
58.句意：把你的消化系统想象成一个燃烧的锅，如果有人突然往锅里倒冷水，会发生什么？根据“If smene suddenly pured cld water int this pt what wuld...”可知是指如果向燃烧的热锅里倒冷水会发生什么，happen“发生”，动词，wuld后加动词原形，故填happen。
59.句意：同样，当你在吃饭的时候喝冷水，就像在烧着的锅里加水一样。根据“when yu drink cld water while eating, it water t a burning pt”可知此处是作比喻，在吃饭的时候喝冷水就像在烧着的锅里加水。like“像”，介词，故填like。
60.句意：如果你无法控制自己想要喝水的冲动，那么在室温下喝水是更好的选择。根据“yu cannt cntrl yur urge(冲动) t d s, drinking water at rm temperature is a better chice.”可知前句是后句的条件，应用if引导条件状语从句，故填If。
61.句意：也许在未来技术可以给我们更多有用的信息。根据“Scientists are ding mre research n this. Maybe in the future give us mre helpful infrmatin.”可知科学家们正在对此进行更多的研究。说明未来技术也许可以给我们更多有用的信息。technlgy“科技”符合语境，故填(t)echnlgy。
Passage 2
请阅读下面短文，在所给的每个空格中填入一个形式正确、意义相符的单词，并将答案写在答题卡对应题目的答题位置上。
As we all knw, Jiang Zemin was the frmer（以前的）chairman f the Peple's Republic f China. Lts f Chinese think that he is ___66____ great man because he has made imprtant cntributins t China.
Jiang Zemin was ___67___ in Yangzhu, Jiangsu Prvince n August 17, 1926. He jined the Cmmunist Party f China ___68____April, 1946. After his graduatin frm Shanghai Jia Tng University in 1947, ___69____wrked in Shanghai Yimin Fd Factry. During that time, he als tk____70____ in revlutinary(革命的）wrk. In 1956, he became an engineer in Changchun N. 1 Autmbile Factry. In the fllwing years, he has made ___71_____ cntributins t many industries f China, especially in the electrnic industry.
In 1993, Jiang Zemin was____72_____t be the chairman f the Peple's Republic f China. During these perids, he ____73___many crrect decisins t make China strnger than befre.
Hwever, he passed away at the ____74___f 96. All in all, Chairman Jiang Zemin is s great ___75_____ he will live in peple's hearts frever.
【答案】66.a 67.brn 68.in 69.he 70.part 71.great 72.chsen 73.made 74.age 75.that
Passage 3
请阅读下面短文，在所给的每个空格中填入一个形式正确、意义相符的单词，并将答案写在答题卡对应题目的答题位置上。
Tw friends, Jim and Stew, jined a big sales cmpany tgether just after their graduatin.____66____f them wrked really hard.
Three years ____67____, the cmpany’s directr prmted (提拔) Stew t sales executive. Jim did nt get any prmtin.
Jim thught it was unfair, s he asked his bss ____68____ he didn’t appreciate（赏识）the hard-wrking wrkers. The bss knew that Jim wrked hard, and t shw the ____69____ between him and Stew, he asked, “G and find anyne selling watermelns in the market. ”
When Jim ____70____, the bss asked him, “Hw much per kilgram?” Jim didn’t ask the seller abut that, s he went back t the market and then returned t say the price - $12 per kg.
Then the bss asked Stew the ____71____ thing. Stew went t the market, and when he returned, he said, “At the mment there is ne persn ____72____ watermelns, 10 kg. Nw he has 340 watermelns in stck (有存货). On the table there are 48 watermelns, and each f them weighs abut 15 kg. Watermelns were bught frm ____73____ suth tw days ag, s they are fresh. ”
Hearing this, Jim realized the differences between him and Stew. He knew that he culd learn a lt ____74____ his friend.
Successful peple can think and see further. They think and see the future, ___75____ mst peple see nly tmrrw. Let’s learn frm them.
【答案】66. Bth 67. later 68. why 69. differences 70. returned
71. same 72. selling 73. the 74. frm 75. But/while
Passage 4
请阅读下面短文，在所给的每个空格中填入一个形式正确、意义相符的单词，并将答案写在答题卡对应题目的答题位置上。
A study has been dne at a university. Scientists divided a class int tw grups. They made each grup take ntes ____66____ different ways. The first grup tk ntes by hand. The secnd ne did it n the cmputer. The ____67____ f the study was t find ut which methd wuld help the students learn better. The scientists thught Grup Tw wuld win. But t their ____68____, Grup One did a better jb. Since yu take ntes by hand, stick t it!
Gd ntes can ____69____ t less stress (压力) when test time cmes arund. Then hw can yu imprve yur nte-taking skills? The fllwing advice can help yu.
Firstly, try t get yurself ready ____70____ class begins. Be familiar (熟悉的) with the things ____71____ yu are ging t learn. Make sure yu have yur ntebks and pens n the desk.
Secndly, take ntes wisely while listening in class. Many students are ____72____ taking ntes and they may fail t fllw the teacher. S it is imprtant t knw when t take ntes. And remember t write dwn the key wrds and use shrthand (速记法) if necessary.
Thirdly, ____73____ yur ntes after class. Yu can add sme details (细节) yurself first. If there is still smething missing, cmpare yur ntes with ____74____. D it with thse wh take ntes carefully. These checks will als increase yur chances f understanding what yu’ve written.
Try the advice abve. When yu can take ntes _____75_____ than befre, yu will find yur lessns easier and mre enjyable.
【答案】66. in 67. purpse 68. surprise 69. lead 70. befre 71. that##which
72. busy 73. check 74. thers’ 75. better
Passage 5
请阅读下面短文，在所给的每个空格中填入一个形式正确、意义相符的单词，并将答案写在答题卡对应题目的答题位置上。
The wrkers at a Lndn restaurant used chclate t write a birthday message fr a blind girl called Te Paa, a singer ___66___ New Zealand. Te Paa nw lives in Lndn. On her birthday, Te Paa went ut with her friend Sara. After ___67___ a music shw, they stpped by a restaurant. Sara tld the restaurant wrkers that it was her friend’s ___68___.
The restaurant wrkers learned that Te Paa culdn’t see ___69___. They then served her with a special ___70___. By using chclate, they wrte “Happy birthday!” in Braille（盲文）n the plate. ___71___ she felt the raised dts, Te Paa cried ut excitedly, “It’s great! Thank yu very much.” Te Paa said she celebrated her birthday in restaurants befre, but it was the ___72___ time a restaurant surprised her in such a way. She was ___73___ by the effrt frm the wrkers. They had t lk ___74___ the wrds in the dictinary in rder t write the encuraging message. And they make ____75____ the chclate wuld nt melt when she tuched it. “S take heart, and we can find kindness everywhere,” Te Paa said.
【答案】66. frm 67. enjying 68. birthday 69. anything 70. plate 71. As##When
72. first 73. tuched 74. up 75. sure
Passage 6
（2023·重庆沙坪坝·重庆一中校考三模）
根据下面短文内容，在短文的空格处填上一个恰当的词，使短文完整、通顺。
One bright mrning, I was ut fr my usual run when I met an elderly lady wh was waving her phne and talking t me in a language I culdn’t understand. It sunded like she was in a hurry t get smewhere. I quickly realized that she was 1 and culdn’t speak any English.
She shwed me a map app n her phne, but I had n ideas 2 t read it. S, I quickly gt a translatin app nline and we used the app t cmmunicate. She spke int the micrphne in her language and it translated her wrds int English fr me t understand. I put in sme wrds 3 my reply t her and we were able t cmmunicate!
I sn knew that she needed t get hme, which was a lng walk away. She didn’t want t use any public transprtatin but I ffered t walk her t a bus stp where she culd call her daughter fr a 4 . Then her daughter culd drive her hme. As we walked, we laughed and jked, 5 we culdn’t understand each ther’s language. It was a pretty fun experience!
Alng the way, the elderly lady kept 6 me fr my time. I had t keep reminding her that it was n truble at all and saying that it was my pleasure t help her. Finally, we reached the bus stp and she made her call. We said ur gdbyes and she gave me a heart-warming message that made me happy the whle day. Even tday, I 7 hld that warm feeling in my heart.
Nwadays, as technlgy has prgressed and changed ur wrld day by day, there’s always 8 that never changes. If yu help a stranger find his r her way, maybe yu will als get help frm anther stranger smetime in the future when yu get lst in a strange city. We might lse ur way but there is always a way t help.
【答案】1．lst 2．hw 3．with 4．help 5．thugh 6．thanking 7．still 8．smething
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者遇到一位迷路的老妇人，两人语言不通，但通过手机上的翻译软件，作者帮助老妇人回家的故事。
1．句意：我很快意识到她迷路了且她不会说英语。根据上下文“It sunded like she was in a hurry t get smewhere；She shwed me a map app n her phne”可知，这位老人想去某个地方，但她看不懂手机里的地图，因此是迷路了。故填lst。
2．句意：她给我看了一个手机上的地图应用程序，但我不知道如何读懂它。根据“ but I had n read it. S, I quickly gt a translatin app”可知，作者因为看不懂地图程序，所以才下载翻译程序。因此“不知道怎样读”符合语境。故填hw。
3．句意：我输入了一些带有回复性的文字，我们就能沟通了！根据“ She spke int... understand. I put in sme reply t her”可知，作者此时正在利用翻译程序回复这个老人，with表示“有……”，介词，“with my reply”作定语修饰“wrds”，即wrds with my reply表示“具有我回复的文字”。故填with。
4．句意：她不想乘坐任何公共交通工具，但我主动提出送她到一个公共汽车站，在那里她可以打电话给她的女儿寻求帮助。根据下文“Then her daughter culd drive her hme”可知，老妇人想让女儿开车来接她，因此是求助。故填help。
5．句意：我们一边走，一边笑着开玩笑，尽管我们听不懂对方的语言。根据“As we walked, we laughed and culdn’t understand each ther’s language.”可知，尽管两人语言不通，但还是有说有笑，是让步关系，且thugh一般位于句末或句中。故填thugh。
6．句意：一路上，老妇人不停地感谢我抽出时间（陪她）。根据下文“it was n truble at all and saying that it was my pleasure”可知，作者不觉得麻烦，且感到荣幸。由此推测上文，老妇人在向作者不断地表示感谢。keep ding sth. 表示“不断做某事”。故填thanking。
7．句意：即使在今天，我仍然把那种温暖的感觉放在心里。根据“Even tday, that warm feeling in my heart.”可知，到了今天，作者依旧把这份温暖埋在心里。因此still符合语境。故填still。
8．句意：如今，随着技术的进步，一天一天地改变着我们的世界，总有一些东西永远不会改变。根据“If yu help a stranger... in a strange city ”可知，互相帮助的情况是不会改变的，因此“互相帮助”是不会改变的东西，因此不定代词smething符合语境。故填smethi
考向4 短文填空之提示词和杂糅性型短文填空
（2023·湖南邵阳）
Li Bai was a great pet in the Tang Dynasty. He lved nature, especially big muntains and rivers. When he was 24 years ld, he ____41____ (leave) hme and traveled t Chengdu and Munt Emei, and then dwn the Yangtze River.
Li Bai wrte lts f pems abut the beautiful muntains. He als wrte a lt abut the ____42____ (月亮). These pems are lved by many Chinese peple, f____43____ example Thughts n a Tranquil Night (《静夜思》).
In his frties, Li Bai met anther great pet, Du Fu, in Luyang. They tw became clse friends. They traveled tgether fr sme time, visited ther pets and had a great time. Li Bai gave Du Fu a lt f inspiratin in the art f petry. But ____44____ (they) pems were different. Li Bai’s pems were ____45____ (usual) abut nature, while Du Fu wrte many pems t express the feelings f the rdinary peple. They will always be remembered.
【答案】41. left 42. mn 43. (f)r 44. their 45. usually
【解析】本文主要向我们介绍著名的诗人李白，以及李白和杜甫诗歌风格的差异。
41.句意：24岁时，他离开家，到成都和峨眉山旅行，然后沿江而下。本句时态是一般过去时，动词用过去式，故填left。
42.句意：他还写了很多关于月亮的文章。mn“月亮”，在介词后作宾语，故填mn。
43.句意：这些诗歌受到许多中国人的喜爱，例如《静夜思》。fr example“例如”，固定短语，故填(f)r。
44.句意：但是他们的诗是不同的。此处作定语修饰“pems”，用形容词性物主代词形式，故填their。
45.句意：李白的诗通常是关于自然的，而杜甫写了很多诗来表达普通人的感情。此处在句中作状语，用副词形式，故填usually。
提示词填空之类短文填空题一般会给出汉语意思或英文单词。做此类短文填空题时，要准确理解语意，根据文中同样结构或类似结构确定应填词的词性和词形。不可简单地都填原形词。若空格内填的是名词，要考虑其单复数形式；若填的是形容词或副词，则要考虑其是否属于比较等级；如若填的是动词，则要特别注意考虑其时态和语态。如在句首，还要考虑其首字母的大写
杂糅型短文填空是指文章中有多种提示类型，如英语单词、汉语意思、音标或者不给提示词等。这种题型主要考查考生的整体阅读能力、语言知识的运用能力、逻辑思维能力和书面表达能力，特别是单词和短语的拼写能力。
Passage 1
（2023·重庆）
根据下面短文内容及部分首字母提示，在短文的空格处填上一个最恰当的词，使短文完整、通顺，并将完整的单词填写在答题卡上对应的位置。
Many successful peple fllw a similar rutine (常规). This helps them make the best use f their days. This als helps sleep well at night. One f the mst imprtant things successful peple d is t get ready fr the next day the night befre. Let’s see ____54____ they d that.
Learn t relax
Successful peple say it is imprtant t relax. Sme enjy listening t music, w____55____ thers like taking a bath befre ging t bed. Studies shw that a 15-minute bath an hur r tw befre bedtime helps them sleep better. Sleeping well tnight means a gd day tmrrw.
Put the phne dwn
Studies shw that the blue light frm a phne is bad fr ur sleep. Successful peple c____56____ their phne use. They dn’t sleep with their phnes nearby. They put phnes away an hur ____57____ bedtime and they use an alarm clck t wake up.
Think abut tday
Befre sleep, it helps t think abut the day. Many ____58____ peple think abut the gd things frm the day. This helps them t learn and t change. It als ____59____ them t make a plan fr a gd (perhaps even better) day tmrrw.
Make a ____60____
Many successful peple make plans fr their activities the next day. It helps them sleep well. This is imprtant because sleeping b____61____ smetimes makes everything seem wrse the next day. Making plans als helps them wake up relaxed, happy and ready fr the new day.
【答案】54. hw 55. (w)hile 56. (c)ntrl 57. befre 58. successful
59. helps##encurages 60. plan 61. (b)adly
【解析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍成功人士的一些习惯。
54.句意：让我们看看他们是怎么做的。根据“Let’s d that.”和后文介绍可知，是介绍方法，hw“如何”符合语境。故填hw。
55.句意：一些人喜欢听音乐，而另一些人喜欢在睡觉前洗个澡。根据“Sme enjy listening t music, like taking a bath befre ging t bed.”可知，前后构成对比关系，while“然而”符合语境，故填(w)hile。
56.句意：成功人士会控制手机的使用。根据“Successful peple phne use. They dn’t sleep with their phnes nearby.”可知，成功人士会控制手机的使用，cntrl“控制”，时态是一般现在时，主语是复数，动词用原形。故填(c)ntrl。
57.句意：他们在睡觉前一小时把手机收起来，用闹钟叫醒自己。根据“They put phnes away an ”可知，他们在睡觉前一小时把手机收起来，befre“在……之前”符合语境。故填befre。
58.句意：许多成功的人都会想到一天中美好的事情。根据“ think abut the gd things frm the day.”和全文内容可知，谈论成功人士，successful“成功的”，作定语修饰peple。故填successful。
59.句意：这也能帮助/鼓励他们为美好的（甚至更好的）明天做一个计划。根据“It t make a plan fr a gd (perhaps even better) day tmrrw.”可知，回顾一天可以帮助/鼓励为明天做一个计划，help“帮助”/encurage“鼓励”，时态是一般现在时，主语是It，动词用三单。故填helps/encurages。
60.句意：制定一个计划 根据“Many successful peple make plans fr their activities the next day.”可知，本段建议制定一个计划，plan“计划”，a修饰可数名词单数。故填plan。
61.句意：这一点很重要，因为睡眠不好有时会让第二天的事情看起来更糟。根据“This is imprtant because sleeping makes everything seem wrse the next day.”可知，睡眠不好有时会让第二天的事情看起来更糟，用副词badly修饰动词。故填(b)adly。
Passage 2
（2023·浙江金华）
阅读下面短文，然后根据括号内所给汉语意思写出单词的正确形式。每空限填一词。
Are yu lking fr a gd vlunteer activity? Get utdrs and g gleaning!
What is gleaning? Well, let’s begin with the prblem f fd waste n farms. Sme farm prduce is f gd quality but lks nt that gd. Farmers dn’t ____36____ (通常) try t sell this prduce. Much f it is left in the fields. That ____37____ (意味着) a great waste. And gleaning is abut reducing this waste—by cllecting the left prduce.
These days, many vlunteer grups g ut gleaning in rder t prvide thse in need with ____38____ (新鲜的), healthy fd, Hlly’s grup is ____39____ (在……之中) them. Her vlunteers cllect abut 300 bxes f fd each week. Once, a ____40____ (当地的) fruit farmer called Hlly t ask fr gleaning services. The farmer had a large field with mre than 700 fruit trees. A member f Hlly’s grup ____41____ (创造) a digital map f the trees. With the help f the map, the vlunteers ____42____ (容易地) cllected the leftver fruit frm the trees.
Besides this, Hlly’s vlunteers have als picked ptates, cabbages and many ther ____43____ (蔬菜) frm farms. The fd has been sent t fd banks and cmmunity kitchens in her area.
Gleaning helps ____44____ (解决) the prblems f farm waste and fd shrtages (短缺). And gleaners als find the wrk very meaningful. “We can get utside and d smething gd fr the wrld,” said Hlly. “I feel happy ____45____ (无论何时) I g gleaning!”
【答案】36. usually 37. means 38. fresh 39. amng 40. lcal
41. created##made 42. easily 43. vegetables 44. slve 45. whenever
【解析】本文介绍了这些天，许多志愿者团体出去拾取食物为那些需要的人提供新鲜、健康的食物。
36.句意：农民通常不会试图出售这种农产品。usually“通常”，副词，故填usually。
37.句意：这意味着巨大的浪费。mean“意味着”，动词，句子是一般现在时，主语是第三人称单数，动词用三单形式，故填means。
38.句意：这些天，许多志愿者团体出去拾取食物，为那些需要的人提供新鲜、健康的食物，霍莉的小组就是其中之一。fresh“新鲜的”，形容词作定语，故填fresh。
39.句意：这些天，许多志愿者团体出去拾取食物，为那些需要的人提供新鲜、健康的食物，霍莉的小组就是其中之一。amng“在……之中”，是介词，故填amng。
40.句意：有一次，一个当地的果农打电话给霍莉，要求她提供拾取水果的服务。lcal“当地的”，形容词作定语，故填lcal。
41.句意：霍莉小组的一名成员制作了一幅树木的数字地图。此处是指制作地图，可以用create或make表示“创造”。动作已发生，应用一般过去时，故填created/made。
42.句意：在地图的帮助下，志愿者们轻松地收集了树上剩下的水果。easily“容易地”，副词修饰动词，故填easily。
43.句意：除此之外，霍莉的志愿者还从农场采摘土豆、卷心菜和许多其他蔬菜。vegetable“蔬菜”，此处表示种类，为可数名词，many后接名词复数，故填vegetables。
44.句意：拾荒有助于解决农业浪费和食物短缺问题。slve“解决”，动词，help d sth“帮助做某事”，故填slve。
45.句意：每当我去拾荒的时候，我都觉得很开心！whenever“无论何时”，是连词，故填whenever。
Passage 3
（2023·浙江绍兴）
阅读下面短文，然后根据括号内所给汉语意思写出单词的正确形式（每空一词）。
The Pleasantn Partnerships in Educatin Fundatin (PPIE), an rganizatin in America, was started in 1987 t raise mney fr lcal schls. ____36____ (最近), it hsted a running event fr the cmmunity. T date, it has raised $1 millin fr the schl district.
“We have ____37____ (多于) 3,000 runners, vlunteers and spectatrs,” said Mindy Luie, the manager fr PPIE. This year’s event had races f tw miles, five kilmeters and ____38____ (十) kilmeters. The BURN Yuth Develpment (B. Y. D.), a lcal runners’ grup, jined in it as well.
“The B. Y. D. was brn in 2020 t help keep kids ____39____ (积极) in life,” explained Jerry Wu, its ____40____(领导者) and cach. The B. Y. D. has since grwn t include mre than 100 yung ____41____ (成员) and 30 f them ran in this year’s PPIE event. “Watching them running strng and happy makes me ____42____ (微笑) every time,” said Jerry Wu.
S far, Jerry Wu has ____43____ (教) students valuable running skills fr abut three years. Eighth grader Ollie Gu is ne f his excellent students. He cmpleted the race in 40 minutes and 46 secnds and ____44____ (赢) first place in the 12-15 age grup.
“What an ____45____ (令人兴奋) race!” Ollie said. “I’m lking frward t it next year.”
【答案】36. Recently##Lately 37. ver 38. ten 39. active 40. leader
41. members 42. smile 43. taught 44. wn 45. exciting
【解析】本文主要介绍了普莱森顿合作教育基金会为筹钱而展开的跑步比赛的情况。
36.句意：最近，它为社区举办了一场跑步活动。recently/lately“最近”，副词作状语，故填Recently/Lately。
37.句意：我们有3000多名跑步者、志愿者和观众。ver“多于”，介词，故填ver。
38.句意：今年的比赛有两英里、五公里和十公里的比赛。ten“十”，基数词表示数量，故填ten。
39.句意：B. Y. D.诞生于2020年，旨在帮助孩子们在生活中保持活跃。active“积极”，“keep sb+形容词”表示“保持某人……”，故填active。
40.句意：Jerry Wu解释道，它的领导者和教练。leader“领导者”，此空特指Jerry Wu这一个人，所以此空填单数形式，故填leader。
41.句意：B. Y. D.已经发展到有100多名年轻成员，其中30人参加了今年的PPIE活动。member“成员”，根据“mre than 100 yung ”可知，此空应填复数形式，故填members。
42.句意：看着他们强壮而快乐地奔跑，每次都让我微笑。smile“微笑”，make sb d sth“使某人做某事”，此空应填动词原形，故填smile。
43.句意：到目前为止，Jerry Wu教授学生们宝贵的跑步技巧已经有三年了。teach“教”，根据has可知，此空应填过去分词，故填taught。
44.句意：他以40分46秒成绩完成了比赛，并获得了12-15岁年龄组的第一名。win“赢”，根据cmpleted可知，此空应填动词过去式，故填wn。
45.句意：多么令人兴奋的一场比赛！exciting“令人兴奋的”，形容词作定语，故填exciting。
Passage 4
（2023·浙江温州）
根据对话内容和所给中文提示，用单词的正确形式完成以下对话。
【答案】36. special 37. planes 38. even 39. since 40. six 41. early 42. myself
43. Sunday 44. singing 45. will meet##are ging t meet
【解析】本文主要介绍了几个人的梦想工作。
36.句意：我想成为一名飞行员，因为这份工作在我心中有着特殊的地位。修饰名词place用形容词special“特别的”。故填special。
37.句意：他努力训练，以提高驾驶不同飞机的技能。different后加可数名词复数planes“飞机”。故填planes。
38.句意：虽然他很忙，但他一直在学习，甚至还获得了博士学位。甚至：even，副词。故填even。
39.句意：自从2018年参观卢浮宫博物馆以来，我一直想在美术馆工作。自从：since，引导时间状语从句。故填since。
40.句意：去年我写了六篇关于它的文章。六：six。故填six。
41.句意：你这么小就朝着梦想努力。修饰名词age用形容词early“早的”。故填early。
42.句意：对我来说，音乐是一种表达自我的方式。我自己：myself，反身代词。故填myself。
43.句意：每个星期天，我都把我的思绪放在音乐上。星期日：Sunday。故填Sunday。
44.句意：我花了几个小时唱新歌和弹钢琴。唱歌：sing，spend time ding sth.“花费时间做某事”。故填singing。
45.句意：下周，我们将会见更多的青少年。遇见：meet；根据“Next week”可知句子用一般将来时will d/be ging t d，主语是we，be动词用are。故填will meet/are ging t meet。
Passage 5
（2023·湖南衡阳）
根据所给汉语或英文首字母写出短文中所缺英语单词。
My sister finished high schl tw weeks ag. As a special g___36___, ur parents tk us t India. Last weekend was interesting but scary.
We went camping in a small village in India. First, we tk a lng bus ride t a lake in the cuntryside. There we ___37___ up (搭起) ur tents and made a fire t keep us warm and ck fd n. On the first night, we just sat u___38___ the mn and tld each ther stries. But I was s tired that I went t sleep early.
The next mrning, my sister and I gt a terrible surprise. When we lked ut f ur tent, we fund a big snake sleeping near the fire. I was s scared that I culdn’t mve. We shuted t ur parents t let them knw abut the danger. My dad started t jump up and dwn in their tent. This wke the snake up and it mved int the ___39___ (森林) near the lake. My dad tld me later that snakes dn’t have ears but can feel things mving. He als tld me it was imprtant nt t g near a snake. This was a very ___40___ (有用的) lessn fr me.
【答案】36. (g)ift 37. put 38. (u)nder 39. frest 40. useful
【解析】本文介绍了作者和家人去印度度假既有趣又可怕的经历。
36.句意：作为一份特殊的礼物，我们的父母带我们去了印度。根据“My sister finished high schl tw weeks ag.”可知姐姐两周前高中毕业了，结合首字母可知父母带作者他们去了印度，这是一个特别的礼物，gift“礼物”，名词，被a修饰，应用单数，故填(g)ift。
37.句意：我们在那里搭起帐篷，生起火来取暖和做饭。put up“搭建”，为固定短语，根据“made”可知本句是一般过去时，动词用过去式，故填put。
38.句意：第一天晚上，我们坐在月光下，互相讲故事。根据“we just sat mn”可知是指坐在月光下，应用介词under，故填(u)nder。
39.句意：这把蛇吵醒了，它爬进了湖边的森林里。frest“森林”，名词。故填frest。
40.句意：这对我来说是非常有用的一课。useful“有用的”，形容词作定语，故填useful。
Passage 6
根据所给首字母、上下文或汉语提示完成空格中所缺单词，使短文完整通顺，语法正确，每个空只能填一个词。
I d believe the pwer f letters. There’s smething ___16___(特别的) abut handwritten things. Yu write an email because there’s smething yu need t knw. But yu write a letter because there’s smething yu w___17___ t say.
When I cleared my grandmther’s huse, I fund hundreds f letters and ___18___(卡片) she had kept, and they tld the stry f her relatinships. There were many letters frm her mther. Sitting and reading them, I knew her well thrugh the wrds.
Smetimes receiving a letter is such a big s___19___. When I was abut 12 years ld, my wise mum made me write letters t my relatives t imprve my writing skills. ____20____f them was my uncle. I nly met him a few times when I was a very yung c___21___. I wrte a lng letter t tell him abut my life.
I___22___(忘记) abut this until I suddenly gt a reply frm him. “___23___ happy t hear frm yu!” he said, and went n t tell me all abut his life. He’d lve t hear abut what ___24___(学科) at schl I enjyed. We have been much clser ____25____ writing letters.
It encuraged me t write t lts f ther peple in fact, and it’s smething I still stick t this day. S, I'd encurage yu t put pen t paper and see what will happen.
【答案】16. special 17. (w)ant 18. cards 19. (s)urprise 20. One 21. (c)hild
22. frgt 23. Hw 24. subject##subjects##curse##curses 25. by
【解析】本文介绍了作者认为写信的力量。
16.句意：手写东西有些特别的地方。special表示“特别的”，修饰不定代词后置。故填special。
17.句意：但是你写一封信，因为有一些你想说的事情。此空为谓语动词，want t d sth表示“想要做某事”。故填(w)ant。
18.句意：当我清理祖母的房子时，我发现了她保存的数百封信件和卡片，它们讲述了她的人际关系。and连接并列的名词复数，card表示“卡片”。故填cards。
19.句意：有时候，收到一封信是非常大的惊喜。a后接可数名词单数，surprise表示“惊喜”。故填(s)urprise。
20.句意：其中一个是我的叔叔。根据“f them was my uncle.”可知此处指众多人中的一个，ne f表示“……之一”。故填One。
21.句意：我只有在是很小孩子的时候，遇到他几次。a后接可数名词单数，child表示“孩子”。故填(c)hild。
22.到我突然收到来自他的回复。frget表示“忘记”，根据“until I suddenly gt a reply frm him.”可知描述过去的事，用一般过去时。frget过去式为frgt。故填frgt。
23.句意：非常高兴收到你的来信！根据标点可知，此句是感叹句，中心词happy是形容词，用Hw引导。故填Hw。
24.句意：他想要听说我在学校喜欢什么学科。subject/curse表示“学科”，此处可以用单数或者复数。故填subject/subjects/curse/curses。
25.句意：我们通过写信变得更亲密了。根据“ writing letters.”可知此处指通过某种方式，用介词by。故填by。
it either be because what else by invent clean ppular habit hundred
live especially fall change fr build hmetwn he impssible dangerus walk still
actual advantage chance child difficult difference few hear many pssible silence tell
it, tday, becme, difference, state, great, thrugh, begin, wide, be
themselves, easy, number, if, be, last, and, watch, a, frm
imprve, slve, unusual, why, read, expressin, gd, frm, enugh, might
by, take, quick, exciting, return, withut, he, rule, which, result, achieve, different
g, stp ,beer ,n ,and ,slw, frighten, anther, minute, where ,turn ,if
actual buy decide envirnment manage she mess prduce reuse rule skill speak
wise, frest, sn, game, catch, scare, nthing, danger, frtunate, t, pint, because
hmetwn study he treat help health silence west accrding t serve as
seem, success, but, they, wide, it, try, purpse, pund, express
learn wrd express hw they ability what make require listen simple attentin
Diana: Welcme t Teens Talk. Tday we’ll talk abut teenagers’ dream jbs. Mary, what’s yur dream jb？
Mary: I want t be a pilt because the jb has a ____36____ (特别的) place in my heart. My father is a great pilt. He trains hard t perfect his skills f flying different ____37____ (飞机). Thugh he is busy, he keeps learning and has ____38____ (甚至) gt a dctr’s degree. He’s my her! I believe I can be smene like him.
Diana: That’s the spirit. What abut yu, Cindy?
Cindy: I’ve always wanted t wrk in an art museum ____39____ (自从) I visited the Luvre Museum in 2018. I was s amazed by the cllectins that I started studying art histry. I wrte ____40____ (六) articles abut it last year.
Diana: Great! Yu wrk twards yur dream at such an ____41____ (早的) age. Le, yu plan t be a musician, dn’t yu?
Le: Yes. Fr me, music is a way t express ____42____ (我自己). I write dwn what I see r feel in my daily life. Every ____43____ (星期日), I put my thughts t music. And I spend hurs ____44____ (唱歌) my new sngs and playing the pian.
Diana: Surely yu will be a gd musician! Next week we ____45____ (遇见) mre teenagers. They’ll share their dream jbs with us. Gdbye fr nw.