安徽省合肥市第一中学2023-2024学年高二下学期期中英语试卷（Word版附解析）

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（考试时间：120分钟 满分：150分）
注意事项：
1. 答题前，务必在答题卡和答题卷规定的地方填写自己的姓名、准考证号和座位号后两位。
2. 答题时，每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。
3. 答题时，必须使用0.5毫米的黑色墨水签字笔在答题卷上书写，要求字体工整、笔迹清晰。作图题可先用铅笔在答题卷规定的位置绘出，确认后再用0.5毫米的黑色墨水签字笔描清楚。必须在题号所指示的答题区域作答，超出答题区域书写的答案无效，在试题卷、草稿纸上答题无效。
4. 考试结束，务必将答题卡和答题卷一并上交。
第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分）
做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. Which place are the speakers ging t first?
A. T a htel. B. T the ffice. C. T a restaurant.
2. Why was Gerge absent frm the meeting?
A. He felt unwell. B. He was stuck in traffic. C. He tended his sick mther.
3. What des the wman invite the man t d?
A. G fr a walk. B. Try her cking. C. G t anther beach.
4. What des the wman advise the man t d?
A. Help her study in the library.
B. Retake a curse next semester.
C. Admit his mistake t his teacher.
5. What is the cnversatin mainly abut?
A. A city. B. A grup. C. A persn.
第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6. Why des the man head fr the stadium?
A. T enter a cntest.
B. T practice playing tennis.
C. T cheer n his favrite team.
7. When will the match start?
A. In 15 minutes. B. In 30 minutes. C. In 45 minutes.
听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。
8. What des the man say abut the cat?
A. It’s f gd quality. B. It’s t expensive. C. It’s nt thick enugh.
9. What is the wman ging t d next?
A. Pay fr the item. B. Try n the clthes. C. Lk fr a bigger size.
听第8段材料，回答第10至13题。
10. What did the wman d yesterday?
A. She attended the lecture.
B. She went t the hspital.
C. She visited her grandmther.
11. Hw des the man feel abut the lecture?
A. It’s very difficult. B. It’s quite fascinating. C. It’s a little disappinting.
12. What des the man suggest the wman d?
A. Brrw the ntes. B. Meet Prf. Garcia. C. Watch the vide playback.
13. What des the wman want t d?
A. Build a website. B. Buy smething t drink. C. Study the lecture in depth.
听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。
14. Where des the wman knw abut the jb?
A. On the Internet. B. In the newspaper. C. Frm a freign friend.
15. What jb des the wman want t apply fr?
A. A cashier. B. A manager. C. A shp assistant.
16. What is necessary fr the jb?
A. Fluency in spken English.
B. Relevant wrk experience.
C. Overseas study experience.
17. Hw much can the wman earn every week at the mst?
A. 60 yuan. B. 300 yuan. C. 420 yuan.
听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。
18. Why des the human bdy mve during sleep?
A. T give the bdy a rest.
B. T make muscle active.
C. T let the bdy repair and recver.
19. What happened when peple slept with eye-mvements?
A. They were dreaming.
B. They were abut t wake up.
C. Their brains were less active.
20. What wuld happen if peple were disturbed frm their eye-mvement sleep?
A. They wuld rest better. B. They wuld act strangely. C. They wuld be unaffected.
第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
At The Rachael Ray Fundatin (RRF), we’re pretty big animal lvers. As a part f ur wrk, we supply a wide variety f rganizatins that d gd fr animals, frm rescue t care and mre. Get t knw a few f them and the wrk we d tgether.
Pittsburgh Aviatin Animal Rescue Team
RRF helped enable Pittsburgh Aviatin Animal Rescue Team (PAART) t purchase a new and bigger plane fr its rescue missins which bring animals frm danger t safety. Whether it be flying dgs in vercrwded shelters t new hmes, saving animals caught in the path f natural disasters, r bringing supplies t shelters in need, the brave PAART pilts are always ready t help.
Natinal Disaster Search Dg Fundatin
Natinal Disaster Search Dg Fundatin (SDF) wrks t find and train shelter dgs wh have the talent and drive t becme search and rescue animals. RRF supprts SDF’s effrts t identify and transfrm rescued dgs int rescuers, t prvide lifetime care fr these dgs and t find hmes fr all dgs wh enter the SDF training prgram.
Rachael Ray Save Them All Grants
This is a prgram administered by Best Friends Animal Sciety (BFAS) t supprt Best Friends’ netwrk partners in their lifesaving effrts. The mney has been awarded t rganizatins acrss the cuntry t fund initiatives such as adptin drives and shelter intake preventin effrts.
Nrth Shre Animal League America Disaster Relief Grants
This prgram, administered by Nrth Shre Animal League America (NSALA), prvides mney fr animal welfare rganizatins impacted by disasters. RRF is prud t help NSALA in its effrts t identify needs in disaster situatins and prvide targeted, effective relief.
1. What is special abut PAART?
A. It prvides necessities fr animals in need.B. It cnducts animal rescue missins by plane.
C. It is supprted by the Rachael Ray Fundatin.D. It assists in finding adpters fr rescued animals.
2. Which rganizatin is devted t training shelter animals t d rescue wrk?
A. PAART.B. SDF.C. BFAS.D. NSALA.
3. What d the last tw prgrams have in cmmn?
A. They bth strngly prmte animal adptin.
B. They bth ffer training prgrammes fr all dgs.
C. They are administered by Best Friends Animal Sciety.
D. They bth financially assist animal welfare initiatives.
【答案】1. B 2. B 3. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四个动物救援组织的情况。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“RRF helped enable Pittsburgh Aviatin Animal Rescue Team (PAART) t purchase a new and bigger plane fr its rescue missins which bring animals frm danger t safety.(RRF帮助匹兹堡航空动物救援队（PAART）购买了一架更大的新飞机，用于将动物从危险地带带到安全地带的救援任务)”可知，PAART的特别之处在于它用飞机执行动物救援任务。故选B。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“Natinal Disaster Search Dg Fundatin (SDF) wrks t find and train shelter dgs wh have the talent and drive t becme search and rescue animals.(国家灾难搜索犬基金会（SDF）致力于寻找和训练有天赋和动力成为搜索和救援动物的收容所狗)”可知，SDF致力于训练收容所的动物做救援工作。故选B。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“The mney has been awarded t rganizatins acrss the cuntry t fund initiatives such as adptin drives and shelter intake preventin effrts.(这笔钱已被授予全国各地的组织，用于资助收养运动和预防收容工作等举措)”以及最后一段“RRF is prud t help NSALA in its effrts t identify needs in disaster situatins and prvide targeted, effective relief. (RRF很自豪能够帮助NSALA努力确定灾害情况下的需求，并提供有针对性的有效救济)”可知，后两个项目的共同之处是都在经济上支持动物福利倡议。故选D。
B
It was just after 17:00 n a mid-September evening at a histrical Church in Harlem, New Yrk City Mstly the lw-incme black neighbrhd sat at dining tables. In frnt f them was a menu listing three curses, which they nly saw n TV. Each dish was prepared with “leftver” ingredients (食材), ffered free f charge and placed alngside a blue card that read “yu are lved” in hand-written script.
This is ne f 14 cmmunity centers created arund the wrld in cities like Milan, Paris, Mérida, Lima, Sydney and nw New Yrk thrugh three-Michelin starred chef Massim Bttura’s Fd fr Sul prject. He started the prject in 2016 with his wife, Lara Gilmre, t help fight the glbal prblem f fd waste by using ingredients that might therwise be thrwn away by suppliers and t give scially and ecnmically vulnerable peple access t high quality meals.
Partnering with architects, artists and cmmunity leaders, the prject is transfrming spaces, which are nt fully taken advantage f, such as churches and even a histrical hme int intentinally designed cultural centers equipped with kitchens, dining rms and ther facilities that help create a sense f well-being, cnnectin and inclusin.
When I asked Bttura why he created such thughtful meals within beautifully appinted spaces fr the lw-incme, he tld me that everyne deserves respect and beauty, and f curse, healthy fd. “They cme in and are cmpletely lst because they’re nt used t cming int beautiful places like this. But nce they’re here, they realize that this place is their place. It’s nt my place,” he said.
Bttura’s philsphy is ne that cmes frm the heart. T-shirts wrn by vlunteers at his cmmunity centers say “cking is an act f lve”, and he appraches the fd served there with as much care as he des at his restaurants, prbably even mre, since the diners are extremely stressed and need healthy fd t feel better. Bttura insists that it’s imprtant t change the language arund the fd served in his cmmunity centers.
4. Why des the authr describe such a scene in the first paragraph?
A. T intrduce Bttura’s prject.
B. T shw the appeal f the dishes.
C. T emphasize the warm atmsphere.
D. T explain hw the event is rganized.
5. Accrding t the text, which f the fllwing statements is crrect?
A. The dining centers were all transfrmed frm churches.
B. Bttura started the prject t practice his cking skills.
C. The diners felt quite at hme when cming in the centers.
D. The lw-incme can enjy high quality fd at the center.
6. Which f the fllwing best describes Massim Bttura?
A. Skilled and strict.B. Brave and influential.
C. Caring and cnsiderate.D. Wealthy and humrus.
7. What fundamental philsphy des Massim Bttura express?
A. Respect and beauty are fr all.B. Beautiful places inspire respect.
C. Cking shuld be a prfessin.D. Cmmunity centers bring peple tgether.
【答案】4. A 5. D 6. C 7. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。Massim Bttura通过Fd fr Sul项目，利用剩余食材为低收入人群提供免费高质量餐食，旨在减少食物浪费并促进社会包容。
【4题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“It was just after 17:00 n a mid-September evening at a histrical Church in Harlem, New Yrk City Mstly the lw-incme black neighbrhd sat at dining tables. In frnt f them was a menu listing three curses, which they nly saw n TV. (这是在纽约市哈林区一个历史悠久的教堂里，9月中旬的一个傍晚17:00刚过，大多数低收入的黑人社区坐在餐桌旁。他们面前是一份列出三道菜的菜单，这些菜他们通常只在电视上见过。)”可知，作者描述这一场景是为了引入Bttura的项目，即Fd fr Sul，该项目通过提供由可能被供应商丢弃的食材制作的免费高质量餐食，帮助解决全球食品浪费问题，同时为社会和经济上处于弱势的群体提供服务。因此，正确答案是A。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“This is ne f 14 cmmunity centers created arund the wrld in cities like Milan, Paris, Mérida, Lima, Sydney and nw New Yrk thrugh three-Michelin starred chef Massim Bttura’s Fd fr Sul prject. (这是通过拥有三星米其林荣誉的厨师Massim Bttura的Fd fr Sul项目，在米兰、巴黎、梅里达、利马、悉尼以及现在的纽约等城市创建的14个社区中心之一。)”可知，文本中提到了这些社区中心是为低收入人群提供服务的，并且通过使用可能被浪费的食材来准备高质量的餐食。这表明低收入人群可以在这些中心享受到高质量的食物，因此正确答案是D。
【6题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段“When I asked Bttura why he created such thughtful meals within beautifully appinted spaces fr the lw-incme, he tld me that everyne deserves respect and beauty, and f curse, healthy fd. (当我问Bttura为什么他为低收入人群创造了如此周到的餐食和精心布置的空间时，他告诉我每个人都应得到尊重和美丽，当然还有健康的食物。)”可知，从Bttura的回答中可以看出，他非常关心和体贴那些低收入人群，他相信每个人都应该享受到尊重、美丽和健康的食物。这表明他是一个关心他人的人，因此正确答案是C。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段“They cme in and are cmpletely lst because they’re nt used t cming int beautiful places like this. But nce they’re here, they realize that this place is their place. It’s nt my place,” he said. (他说：“他们进来时会感到完全迷失，因为他们不习惯来到这样美丽的地方。但一旦他们来到这里，他们就会意识到这个地方是他们的地方，不是我的地方。”)”可知，他认为每个人都应该享受到尊重和美丽，这反映了他的一个基本哲学，即尊重和美丽是每个人都应得的。因此，正确答案是A。
C
Prper questining has becme a lst art. The curius fur-year-ld asks a lt f questins—incessant streams f “Why?” and “Why nt?” might sund familiar—but as we grw lder, ur questining decreases. In a recent survey f mre than 200 f ur clients, we fund that thse with children estimated that 70-80% f their kids’ dialgues with thers were cmprised f questins. But thse same clients said that nly 15-25% f their wn interactins cnsisted f questins. Why the drp ff?
Think back t yur time grwing up and in schl. Chances are that yu received the mst recgnitin r reward when yu gt the crrect answers. Later in life, that mtivatr cntinues. At wrk, we ften reward thse wh answer questins, nt thse wh ask them. Questining cnventinal wisdm can even lead t being distanced, r cnsidered a threat.
Because expectatins fr decisin-making have gne frm “get it dne sn” t “get it dne nw” t “it shuld have been dne yesterday”, we tend t jump t cnclusins instead f asking mre questins. And the unfrtunate side effect f nt asking enugh questins is pr decisin-making. That’s why it’s vital that we slw dwn and take the time t ask mre and better questins. At best, we’ll arrive at better cnclusins. At wrst, we’ll avid a lt f rewrk later n.
Aside frm nt speaking up enugh, many prfessinals dn’t think abut hw different types f questins can lead t different utcmes. We shuld lead a cnversatin by asking the right kinds f questins, based n the prblem we’re trying t slve. In sme cases, we’ll want t expand ur view f the prblem rather than keeping it narrwly fcused. In thers, we may want t challenge basic assumptins r cnfirm ur understanding in rder t feel mre cnfident in ur cnclusins. Therefre, asking the right kinds f questins is what cunts in achieving a gal.
8. What des the underlined wrd “incessant” in paragraph 1 mst prbably mean?
A. Simple.B. Randm.C. Cnstant.D. Annying.
9. What accunts fr the decline f questining in adulthd?
A. One pses a threat t the cmpany if they ask questins.
B. Adults dn’t get as many chances as they did in childhd.
C. Thse wh questin ppular beliefs are thught t be wise.
D. Thse asking questins dn’t always get psitive feedback.
10. What can we infer frm paragraph 3?
A. Reding is unavidable despite thughtful questins.
B. Decisins made in a hurry may turn ut t be wrng.
C. Better questins can surely bring desirable utcmes.
D. Mre attentin shuld be paid t making cnclusins.
11. What might the authr cntinue talking abut?
A. Prper questins that shuld be raised.B. Imprtant gals that we are t achieve.
C. Right kinds f answers t the questins.D. Ways t expand ur view f the prblem.
【答案】8. C 9. D 10. B 11. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了恰当的提问已经成为一门失传的艺术，分析了原因以及鼓励人们恰当的提问。
【8题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第一段“The curius fur-year-ld(好奇的四岁孩子以及)”“以及as we grw lder, ur questining decreases(但随着年龄的增长，我们的提问会减少)”可知，这个好奇的四岁孩子问了很多问题——没完没了地问“为什么?”和“为什么不呢？所以划线词的意思是“持续不断的”。故选C。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“Think back t yur time grwing up and in schl. Chances are yu received the mst recgnitin r reward when yu gt the crrect answers. Later in life, that mtivatr cntinues. At wrk, we ften reward thse wh answer questins, nt thse wh ask them.(回想一下你在学校的成长过程。当你得到正确答案时，你可能会得到最多的认可或奖励。在以后的生活中，这种动力会继续存在。在工作中，我们经常奖励那些回答问题的人，而不是那些提出问题的人)”可知，提问题的人不一定能得到积极的反馈是致了成年后提问的减少的原因。故选D。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段“Because expectatins fr decisin-making have gne frm “get it dne sn” t “get it dne nw” t “it shuld have been dne yesterday”, we tend t jump t cnclusins instead f asking mre questins. And the unfrtunate side effect f nt asking enugh questins is pr decisin-making.(因为对决策的期望已经从“尽快完成”变成了“现在完成”，再变成了“昨天就应该完成”，我们倾向于直接下结论，而不是问更多的问题。没有问足够多的问题的副作用是糟糕的决策)”可知，匆忙做出的决定可能会被证明是错误的。故选B。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“Therefre, asking the right kinds f questins is what cunts in achieving a gal.(因此，问正确的问题是实现目标的关键)”可知，接下来要讨论应该提出适当的问题。故选A。
D
Over 2,000 years ag, Baiae was the mst magnificent resrt twn in Italy. Wealthy statesmen including Cicer and Caesar were nce drawn t its natural springs. But ver the centuries, vlcanic activity submerged this playgrund f the Rman nbility, leaving half f it beneath the Mediterranean.
Tday, Baiae is ne f the wrld’s few underwater archaelgical parks pen t visitrs wanting t explre the remains f the ancient Rman city. A prtected marine area, the site needs t be mnitred fr damage caused by divers and envirnmental factrs. Hwever, explains Davidde, Italy’s natinal supervisr fr underwater cultural heritage, “Cmmunicatin underwater is challenging.”
Cabled systems are the mst reliable, but they are difficult t maintain and cver a limited peratinal area. And wireless internet desn’t wrk well in water, because f the way water interacts with electrmagnetic waves.
S Davidde teamed up with a grup f engineers led by Chiara Petrili, a prfessr at Sapienza University. Petrili’s team has develped a netwrk f underwater wireless sensrs capable f gathering envirnmental data and transmitting it t land in real time. The system relies n AI algrithms (算法) t cnstantly change the netwrk prtcl (网络协议). As the sea cnditins change, the algrithms adjust the infrmatin path, allwing the signal t travel up t tw kilmeters and data t be sent between transmitters ne kilmeter apart.
At Baiae, underwater internet allws remte, cntinuus mnitring f envirnmental cnditins. Besides, it allws divers t cmmunicate with ne anther and with clleagues abve the surface, wh can als use the technlgy t lcate them with a high degree f accuracy.
Davidde anticipates that the netwrk will be available t turists visiting the archaelgical site in the cming mnths. As they swim ver the ruins, visitrs will use waterprf smart tablets t cmmunicate and t view 3D recnstructins f the ruins.
“Underwater internet has made mnitring f the archaelgical site simpler and mre efficient,” says Davidde, “At the same time, we can ffer the public a new, interactive way t explre the underwater park.”
12. What d we knw abut Baiae?
A. It was nted fr natural springs.B. It is a playgrund fr sprts lvers.
C. It was destryed by human activity.D. It is nt pen t adventurus visitrs.
13. What is the third paragraph mainly abut?
A. Applicatins f underwater internet.
B. Different types f underwater netwrk.
C. Difficulties f underwater cmmunicatin.
D. Cnditins f the underwater envirnment.
14. What is the underwater netwrk capable f ding at present?
A. Recnstructing the ruins f the underwater park.
B. Making it easier t mnitr archaelgical sites.
C. Bringing mre visitrs t submerged Rman city.
D. Only allwing divers t cmmunicate underwater.
15. What is the purpse f this text?
A. T explain underwater cmmunicatin.
B. T analyze the effect f climate change.
C. T intrduce a new underwater netwrk.
D. T attract mre visitrs t explre Baiae.
【答案】12 A 13. C 14. B 15. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，本文介绍了意大利国家水下文化遗产监督员Davidde与一个工程师团队合作，使用水下无线传感器网络解决水下交流困难的问题，使得监控水下考古遗址变得简单有效。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Wealthy statesmen including Cicer and Caesar were nce drawn t its natural springs.(包括西塞罗和凯撒在内的富有政治家曾经被它的天然泉水所吸引)”可知，巴亚曾经以其天然泉水而出名。故选A。
【13题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第二段最后一句“Hwever, explains Davidde, Italy’s natinal supervisr fr underwater cultural heritage, ‘Cmmunicatin underwater is challenging.’(然而，意大利国家水下文化遗产监督员Davidde解释道，‘水下交流是一项挑战。’)”和第三段“Cabled systems are the mst reliable, but they are difficult t maintain and cver a limited peratinal area. And wireless internet desn’t wrk well in water, because f the way water interacts with electrmagnetic waves.(有线系统是最可靠的，但它们很难维护，而且覆盖的操作区域有限。因为水与电磁波的相互作用方式，无线互联网在水中不能很好地工作)”可知，第三段围绕第二段最后一句内容，详细讲述了水下交流的困难。故选C。
【14题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Underwater internet has made mnitring f the archaelgical site simpler and mre efficient(水下互联网使监测考古遗址变得更简单、更高效)”可知，水下互联网使得检测考古遗址更加简单高效。故选B。
【15题详解】
推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第四段中的“S Davidde teamed up with a grup f engineers led by Chiara Petrili, a prfessr at Sapienza University. Petrili’s team has develped a netwrk f underwater wireless sensrs capable f gathering envirnmental data and transmitting it t land in real time.(因此，Davidde与萨皮恩扎大学教授Chiara Petrili领导的一组工程师合作。Petrili的团队开发了一个水下无线传感器网络，能够收集环境数据并实时传输到陆地)”可知，本文主要围绕该水下无线传感器网络展开，目的是向读者介绍这个水下无线传感器网络。故选C。
第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
The perfect mment t aplgize is the mment yu realize yu’ve dne smething wrng. ____16____ But when it cmes t ur wn mistakes, we ften try t pstpne aplgizing r avid it altgether by lying r making excuses fr ur actins.
Aplgizing is seldm cmfrtable r easy. T be effective, mst aplgies need t cntain the fllwing elements:
____17____
Start by describing exactly what yu did wrng, withut aviding the wrst truths. Once the facts are ut, admit that yur behavir brke a mral rule, and, as a result, yu’re in the wrng. Accept respnsibility.
An explanatin
A truthful explanatin is yur chance t rebuild a strng, peaceful relatinship. By cntrast, excuses are made t avid taking respnsibility. Leave them ut f yur aplgy.
Expressins f yur sincere regret
Anyne wh has been n the receiving end f the cmment “I’m srry yu feel that way” knws the difference between sincere regret and an attempt t avid respnsibility fr bad behavir. ____18____
Reparatins fr damage
____19____ Often there will be nthing tangible t repair. Hearts and relatinships are brken mre ften than bjects. In such cases, yur effrts shuld fcus n restring the ther persn’s dignity.
An aplgy is the end f ur struggle with histry. Frm this truthful place we are free t mve frward, whether r nt we are frgiven. ____20____ But it shws that we are willing t be hnest abut ur imperfectins and determined in ur effrts t d better.
A. Ways fr aplgizing
B. Full admissin f the ffence
C. N ne likes t be put n the spt
D. Aplgizing desn’t make us perfect.
E. An aplgy includes real repair wrk: nt just saying “I’m srry”.
F. Yu are highly unlikely t be frgiven if yu aplgize withut regret.
G. This seems bvius when we are thinking abut smene else’s faults.
【答案】16. G 17. B 18. F 19. E 20. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了如何道歉以及道歉需要包含内容。
【16题详解】
根据上文“The perfect mment t aplgize is the mment yu realize yu’ve dne smething wrng.(道歉的最佳时机是当你意识到自己做错了什么的时候)”以及后文“But when it cmes t ur wn mistakes, we ften try t pstpne aplgizing r avid it altgether by lying r making excuses fr ur actins.(但是当涉及到我们自己的错误时，我们经常试图通过撒谎或为我们的行为找借口来推迟道歉或完全避免道歉)”可知，后文提到自己犯错会给自己找借口，说明发现别人的缺点容易，故G选项“当我们想到别人的缺点时，这似乎是显而易见的”符合语境，故选G。
【17题详解】
根据本段内容“Start by describing exactly what yu did wrng, withut aviding the wrst truths. Once the facts are ut, admit that yur behavir brke a mral rule, and, as a result, yu’re in the wrng. Accept respnsibility.(首先准确地描述你做错了什么，不要回避最糟糕的事实。一旦事实大白，承认你的行为违反了道德准则，因此，你是错的。承担责任)”可知，本段的主旨是不回避错误，大胆承认过错。故B选项“完全承认过错”符合语境，故选B。
【18题详解】
根据标题“Expressins f yur sincere regret(表达你诚挚的歉意)”以及上文“Anyne wh has been n the receiving end f the cmment “I’m srry yu feel that way” knws the difference between sincere regret and an attempt t avid respnsibility fr bad behavir.(任何听到过“我很抱歉你那样想”这句话的人都知道真诚的后悔和试图逃避不良行为的责任之间的区别)”可知，本段的主旨是表达你诚挚的歉意，说明逃避责任，不真诚不回得到别人原谅，F选项regret对应标题regret。故F选项“如果你毫无悔意地道歉，别人是不大可能原谅你的”符合语境，故选F。
【19题详解】
根据后文“Often there will be nthing tangible t repair. Hearts and relatinships are brken mre ften than bjects. In such cases, yur effrts shuld fcus n restring the ther persn’s dignity.(通常不会有什么有形的修复。心灵和关系比物品更容易破碎。在这种情况下，你的努力应该集中在恢复对方的尊严上)”可知，本段主要说明了道歉后的修复工作，E选项中repair对应后文repair。故E选项“道歉包括真正的修复工作：不只是说‘对不起’”符合语境，故选E。
【20题详解】
根据上文“An aplgy is the end f ur struggle with histry. Frm this truthful place we are free t mve frward, whether r nt we are frgiven.(道歉是我们与历史斗争的结束。无论我们是否被原谅，我们都可以从这个真实的地方自由地前进)”以及后文“But it shws that we are willing t be hnest abut ur imperfectins and determined in ur effrts t d better.(但它表明，我们愿意诚实地面对自己的不完美，并决心努力做得更好)”可知，后文提到道歉表明我们愿意诚实地面对自己的不完美，并决心努力做得更好，可推测本句是在说明道歉并不能让我们变得完美，故D选项“道歉不能让我们变得完美”符合语境，故选D。
第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
There are n tw identical leaves in existence, thus there is n perfect path but nly the ne that suits neself.
My sn asked me mnths ag if he culd switch frm his mainstream high schl t a ____21____ schl. At that time, I was unsure and even a little ____22____.
He wasn’t ding well in his schl, and I knew the best thing fr him was t ____23____ t anther learning envirnment t cmplete his study. But my heart hurt a little that he wuld nt walk the same graduatin ____24____ that I had walked, and als the scenari (设想) I had created was n lnger beneficial t his ____25____.
My sn then behaved ____26____ and had a small friend grup. Large grups were cmplex fr him. A schl f ver 2,500 kids can be difficult fr anyne, let alne my by with scial ____27____.
Then, we decided the vcatinal schl (职业学校) was an ptin with the same general curriculum ____28____ by ur state t graduate high schl. The ____29____ he had already earned wuld carry ver, and he culd graduate early.
By allwing him t g there, we have watched him ____30____. The difference is astnishing. He becmes prductive, he has ____31____ friendship and participated in a life skills curse t help himself with real-life studies, and he als ____32____ with his teachers.
The mst significant change is that he nw ften cmes hme ____33____, enthusiastic abut his day, and excited t ____34____ hw his day has gne.
As his mmma, it is all I need t knw that my sn has chsen what is ____35____ fr him.
21. A. academicB. technicalC. cmpulsryD. unprfessinal
22. A. angryB. nervusC. cnfusedD. heartbrken
23. A. applyB. adaptC. transmitD. transfer
24. A. stageB. mmentC. dilemmaD. ceremny
25. A. decisinB. friendshipC. well-beingD. curriculum
26. A. shylyB. bldlyC. generuslyD. straightfrwardly
27. A. cnductB. anxietyC. awarenessD. respnsibility
28. A. bannedB. studiedC. canceledD. required
29. A. medalsB. creditsC. subjectsD. reputatins
30. A. sufferB. thriveC. wrsenD. graduate
31. A. frmedB. understdC. abandnedD. remembered
32. A. lines upB. makes upC. gets awayD. gets alng
33. A. cryingB. yellingC. smilingD. cmplaining
34 A. shareB. learnC. reflectD. versell
35. A. sensibleB. availableC. suitableD. affrdable
【答案】21. B 22. D 23. D 24. A 25. C 26. A 27. B 28. D 29. B 30. B 31. A 32. D 33. C 34. A 35. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文，文章主要讲述儿子有社交焦虑，作者将他转去职业学校后他改变很大，作者知道自己为儿子选择了适合他的东西。
【21题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：几个月前，我儿子问我他能不能从普通高中转到技术学校。A. academic学术的；B. technical技术性的；C. cmpulsry强制的；D. unprfessinal非专业的。根据第四段中“we decided the vcatinal schl (职业学校) was an ptin”可知，儿子问作者能不能从普通高中转到技术学校，故选B。
【22题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：那时候，我很不确定，还有点心碎。A. angry生气的；B. nervus紧张的；C. cnfused困惑的；D. heartbrken心碎的。根据语境及下一段中“But my heart hurt a little”可知，儿子想转到职业学校，作者有点心碎，故选D。
【23题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他在学校表现不好，我知道对他来说最好的办法就是转到另一个学习环境去完成他的学业。A. apply申请；B. adapt适应；C. transmit播送；D. transfer转移，转学。根据上文“if he culd switch frm his mainstream high schl t a ____1____ schl”可知，此处和“switch”同义，指转到另一个学习环境，故选D。
【24题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：但我的心有点痛，他不会再走我走过的那个毕业舞台，我所创造的设想也不再有利于他的幸福。A. stage舞台；B. mment时刻；C. dilemma困境；D. ceremny典礼。结合语境及空前的“graduatin”可知，儿子要转学，不会再走作者走过的那个毕业舞台，故选A。
25题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. decisin决定；B. friendship友谊；C. well-being健康，幸福；D. curriculum课程。上文提到儿子想转学，结合下文“A schl f ver 2,500 kids can be difficult fr anyne, let alne my by with scial ____7____”可知，儿子有社交焦虑，故这所学生很多的学校对儿子的健康没有好处，作者以前设想对孩子健康也就不再有益。故选C。
【26题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：我的儿子表现得很害羞，只有一小群朋友。A. shyly害羞地；B. bldly 大胆地；C. generusly慷慨的；D. straightfrwardly直截了当地。根据句中“had a small friend grup”以及下文“Large grups were cmplex fr him.”可知，儿子朋友少，说明他害羞，不善于交友，故选A。
【27题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：一所有2500多名学生的学校对任何人来说都很困难，更不用说我那有社交焦虑症的儿子了。A. cnduct行为；B. anxiety焦虑；C. awareness意识；D. respnsibility责任。根据上文“My sn is extremely ____6____ and had a small friend grup.”可知，儿子朋友很少，对他来说大的群体是复杂的，故应是有社交焦虑，故选B。
【28题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后，我们决定选择职业学校，与我们州要求高中毕业的普通课程相同。A. banned禁止；B. studied学习；C. canceled取消；D. required要求，需要。根据空后的“by ur state t graduate high schl”可知，我们州要求职业学校和高中毕业的普通课程相同，故选D。
【29题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：他已经获得的学分可以结转，他可以提前毕业。A. medals奖章；B. credits学分；C. subjects科目；D. reputatins名誉。根据“and he culd graduate early”可知，可以提前毕业，故此处指学分可以结转，学分够了就可以毕业，故选B。
【30题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：通过让他去那里，我们看到了他的成长。A. suffer遭受；B. thrive茁壮成长；C. wrsen变得更糟；D. graduate毕业。根据下文“He ____11____ friendship, he was prductive and participated in a life skills curse”可知，儿子去职业学校后的成长很明显，故选B。
【31题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他建立了友谊，他很有成效，参加了一个生活技能课程来帮助自己在现实生活中学习，他和老师相处得很好。A. frmed形成，建立；B. understd理解；C. abandned遗弃；D. remembered想起，记得。上文提到儿子朋友少，根据上文“had a small friend grup”、“The difference is astnishing.”以及空后的“friendship”可知，此处指他交到了朋友，frm friendship“建立友谊”，故选A。
【32题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：同上。A. lines up排队；B. makes up构成，编造；C. gets away离开；D. gets alng相处。根据空前“he has ____11___ friendship and participated in a life skills curse t help himself with real-life studies, and he als”以及空后的“with his teachers”可知，此处指他不仅结交到朋友，参与一个生活技能课程来帮助自己在现实生活中学习，还和老师相处得很好，故选D。
【33题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：最重要的变化是，他会微笑着回家，对他的一天充满热情，并兴奋地分享他的一天是如何度过的。A. crying哭泣；B. yelling叫喊；C. smiling微笑；D. cmplaining抱怨。根据“enthusiastic abut his day, and excited”可知，儿子现在很积极，会微笑着回家，故选C。
【34题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. share分享；B. learn学习；C. reflect反思；D. versell吹嘘。根据空后“hw his day had gne”可知，儿子回家后会分享自己在学校是如何度过的，故选A。
【35题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：作为他的妈妈，我只需要知道我的儿子选择了适合他的东西。A. sensible明智的；B. available可获得的；C. suitable合适的；D. affrdable买得起的。根据上文描述的儿子的积极变化可知，作者的儿子选择转去职业学校是正确的选择，作者为儿子选择了适合他的东西，故选C。
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
In late January, a pd f Chinese white dlphins was seen jumping, swimming and generally frlicking near Hushayu Island n the cast f Xiamen in Sutheast China.
“In the cld mnths frm December thrugh February, dlphins are likely _____36_____ (seek) inner bays and harbrs with calm winds and waves t spend the winter,” said Xu Jing, an fficial with the Xiamen Chinese White Dlphin Nature Reserve. She added, “It _____37_____ (becme) mre cmmn t spt dlphins in the _____38_____ (relative) calm western waters in recent years.”
The Chinese white dlphin, inhabiting shallw castal waters frm Sutheast China _____39_____ East India, acquired “Chinese” in its name after _____40_____ (bserve) in China in the 1600s. The cetacean, _____41_____ species under first-class state prtectin in China, is regarded as an indicatr fr marine eclgical health, due t its _____42_____ (sensitive) t water quality.
“With years f _____43_____ (dedicate) cnservatin effrts, the cntinued sightings f the Chinese white dlphin, _____44_____ is at the tp f the fd chain, in the city’s waters imply that ur marine ecsystem and the entire fd chain are well-preserved and ______45______ (supprt) f its survival,” said Xin Jianjun, frmer head f the Xiamen Fisheries Administratin.
【答案】36. t seek
37. has becme
38. relatively
39. t 40. being bserved
41. a 42. sensitivity
43. dedicated
44. which 45. supprtive
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要讲述了中华白海豚在厦门火烧屿出现。
【36题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：厦门中华白海豚自然保护区官员许静说：“在12月到2月的寒冷月份，海豚可能会寻找风浪平静的内湾和港湾过冬。”be likely t d sth.意为“可能做某事”，为固定搭配。故填t seek。
【37题详解】
考查时态和主谓一致。句意：她补充道，“近年来，在相对平静的西部水域发现海豚变得越来越常见。”根据时间状语“in recent years”可知，这里应用现在完成时。主语为It，助动词应用has。故填has becme。
【38题详解】
考查副词。句意参考上题。空处修饰形容词calm，应用副词。relatively意为“相对地”。故填relatively。
【39题详解】
考查介词。句意：中华白海豚栖息在从中国东南部到印度东部的沿海浅水区，17世纪在中国被观察到后，以其名字获得了“Chinese”。意为“从……到……”，表示范围。故填t。
【40题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意参考上题。介词after后跟动名词作宾语，且bserve的逻辑主语为The Chinese white dlphin，二者之间是动宾关系，所以应用动名词的被动形式。故填being bserved。
【41题详解】
考查冠词。句意：鲸目动物是中国国家一级保护动物，由于其对水质的敏感性，被视为海洋生态健康的指标。根据空后的“species”可知，这里表示泛指，且species的发音以辅音音素开头，应用不定冠词a。故填a。
42题详解】
考查名词。句意参考上题。根据空前的“its”，空处应用名词，作宾语。sensitivity意为“敏感”，为不可数名词。故填sensitivity。
【43题详解】
考查形容词。句意：厦门市渔业局前局长辛建军表示：“经过多年的不懈努力，位于食物链顶端的中华白海豚在该市水域的不断出现，意味着我们的海洋生态系统和整个食物链都得到了很好的保护，并为其生存提供了支持。”空处应用形容词，作定语修饰cnservatin effrts。dedicated意为“专心致志的，一心一意的”。故填dedicated。
【44题详解】
考查定语从句。句意参考上题。空处引导一个非限制性定语从句，先行词为the Chinese white dlphin，指物，且空处在从句中作主语，所以应用which引导。故填which。
【45题详解】
考查形容词。句意参考第8题。空处与前面and前的well-preserved并列作表语，应用形容词。supprtive意为“支持的”。故填supprtive。
第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（满分15分）
46. 假定你是李华，你和你校的外国交换生David计划在校园内组织一场名为“A Taste f the Wrld”的美食节活动，请写一封邮件给David，内容包括：
1. 你对活动形式的建议；
2. 约定时间讨论安排和分工。
注意：
1. 写作词数应为80左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear David,
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Best Wishes,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear David,
Hpe this mail finds yu well. The fd festival—“A Taste f the Wrld” is buzzing in my head, and I can’t wait t plan it with yu!
Persnally, why nt set up bths n campus where authentic dishes frm different cuntries are displayed and shared? Additinally, interactive cking wrkshps culd be arranged, thereby enhancing hands-n engagement and learning. T ensure smth planning, culd we meet nline next Tuesday at 6 PM? During the sessin, we can finalize the detailed arrangement and decide n ur respnsibilities.
Lking frward t yur suggestins and cnfirmatin regarding the meeting time.
Best Wishes,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生写一封邮件给David，提供美食节的建议。
【详解】1.词汇积累
展示：display→exhibit
此外：additinally→besides
确保：ensure→make sure
建议：suggestin→advice
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：T ensure smth planning, culd we meet nline next Tuesday at 6 PM?
拓展句：T ensure smth planning, I suggest that we meet nline next Tuesday at 6 PM.
【点睛】[高分句型1] Persnally, why nt set up bths n campus where authentic dishes frm different cuntries are displayed and shared? (运用了where引导定语从句)
[高分句型2] T ensure smth planning, culd we meet nline next Tuesday at 6 PM? (运用了不定式作目的状语)
第二节（满分25分）
47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
One year ag, when we were in the fifth grade, a new classmate named Jack jined us. He was ften late fr class and had a strange smell n him, which made the girls nt want t be “neighburs” with him, let alne sit next t him. It is said that nce, a naughty by curiusly pened his backpack and many crushed sda cans and empty drink bttles that we usually thrw int the trash fell ut. Therefre, the bys in ur class mcked (嘲笑) him as the “trash king”.
Later, during a class meeting, ur teacher, Ms. Zhang, tld us abut his stry f using garbage t make inventins. It turns ut that Jack is nt an rdinary elementary schl student, but a “garbage-inspired inventr” wh has wn the city inventin award. Accrding t Ms. Zhang, mst f his inventins were picked up frm garbage dumps (堆). During that class meeting, Jack shwed us his inventin f a“dmestic wastewater separatin system”.
Afterwards, sme f us became deeply interested in these small inventins and started t admire Jack’s way f “picking up trash”. We even jined him in picking up trash n weekends and during hlidays. Frm then n, we n lnger called him the “trash king“. Instead, we frmed a grup f five bys and actively searched fr usable materials in varius garbage dumps arund the city. Under Jack’s guidance, we learned that there are many uses fr seemingly useless trash. Once, we stayed at schl t prcess the cllected materials. Jack mentined that he was facing a prblem with his latest inventin—a small cart fr buying vegetables that needed t be lightweight. All ther materials were slved except fr the wheels. Hw culd we find a suitable material fr the wheels? We racked ur brains (绞尽脑汁) and came up with different ideas, such as using sda cans r taking ff the wheels frm suitcases. Hwever, Jack reminded us that ur grup shuld fcus n making inventins frm waste rather than causing damage t create them. We were all deep in thught.
注意：
1.续写词数应为150左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
When I gt hme and drank a bttle f water, I suddenly had an idea.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Jack indeed adpted my suggestin and fixed a rw f bttle caps as wheels n his vegetable cart.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】 When I gt hme and drank a bttle f water, I suddenly had an idea. What if we culd use bttle caps as wheels fr Jack’s vegetable cart? It seemed like a simple slutin, but it culd wrk if we fund enugh bttle caps. Excited, I shared my idea with the grup the next day. Jack’s eyes lit up with enthusiasm as he realized the ptential f this suggestin. We immediately set ut t cllect as many bttle caps as we culd find, scuring nt nly the garbage dumps but als asking friends and family t save them fr us.
Jack indeed adpted my suggestin and fixed a rw f bttle caps as wheels n his vegetable cart. It was a mment f triumph fr all f us, seeing ur cllective effrts and creativity cme t fruitin. The cart rlled smthly, and we celebrated ur success with high-fives and laughter. This experience taught us the pwer f cllabratin, innvatin, and lking beynd the surface f things. Inspired by Jack’s ingenuity, ur grup cntinued t explre ways t repurpse waste, knwing that small actins culd lead t big changes in ur cmmunity and beynd.
【解析】
【导语】本文以故事发展的顺序为线索展开，讲述了新同学杰克被同学嘲笑为“垃圾王”，但后来通过他的发明才华改变了同学们对他的看法，杰克提到他的最新发明遇到了一个问题，即如何让一辆用来买蔬菜的小推车的质量变轻，除了车轮外，其他材料都解决了。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“当我回到家，喝了一瓶水，我突然有了一个主意。”可知，第一段可描写“我想到了用瓶盖做车轮子的想法，杰克认为这个建议很不错，大家着手收集尽可能多的瓶盖”的相关细节。
②由第二段首句内容“杰克确实采纳了我的建议，把一排瓶盖固定为他的蔬菜车上的轮子。”可知，第二段可描写“我们的努力取得了成功，开始庆祝成功，这段经历教会了我们合作和创新，感悟到小小的行动可能会给我们的生活带来巨大的变化。”的相关细节。
2.续写线索：用瓶盖做轮子——分享想法——得到杰克的支持——收集瓶盖——取得成功——庆祝成功——感悟
3.词汇激活
行为类
①发挥作用：wrk/functin
②开始做：set ut t d/set abut ding
③鼓励：inspire/encurage
情绪类
①激动的：excited/thrilled
②露出喜色：light up/brighten up
【点睛】[高分句型1] Jack’s eyes lit up with enthusiasm as he realized the ptential f this suggestin.(使用了as引导的时间状语从句)
[高分句型2] Inspired by Jack’s ingenuity, ur grup cntinued t explre ways t repurpse waste, knwing that small actins culd lead t big changes in ur cmmunity and beynd. (使用了过去分词和现在分词作状语)
听力：1—5 ACBBC 6—10 ACACB 11—15 BCCAC 16—20 ABBAB