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2024届山东中学联盟高三下学期5月预测热身卷英语试题（原卷版+解析版）
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这是一份2024届山东中学联盟高三下学期5月预测热身卷英语试题（原卷版+解析版），文件包含2024届山东中学联盟高三下学期5月预测热身卷英语试题原卷版docx、2024届山东中学联盟高三下学期5月预测热身卷英语试题解析版docx等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共31页， 欢迎下载使用。
1. 答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号等填写在答题卡和试卷指定位置。
2. 选择题的作答：选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。
3. 考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分：阅读理解（共两节， 满分50分）
第一节 （共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。
A
Small Ways Yu Can Dnate Mney T Charity
There are plenty f innvative ways that yu can help peple in need, even when mney is tight. Here are just a few unique ways t give.
Fd Angel, Hng Kng
Fd insecurity has becme a glbal prblem fr families. In Hng Kng, the peple behind the Fd Angel prgram cllect 45 tnnes f edible surplus fd each week that grcery stres, restaurants and individuals wuld therwise dispse f. That includes fresh fruits and vegetables and ther perishables (易腐烂的食物) that aren’t nrmally accepted in fd-dnatin bxes.The impact is significant: Vlunteers make and serve arund 20,000 meals and distribute mre than 11,000 ther meals and fd packs every day.
Frigs Slidaires, France
Imagine if thse in need culd help themselves t fd with annymity (匿名) and dignity. Frigs Slidaires, r Slidarity Fridges, was started with that aim by Dunia Mebtul, a yung restaurateur in Paris. Nw, 130 fridges installed in frnt f places such as shps and schls ffer free fd t the hungry acrss France.
Stuff A Bus, Canada
In Edmntn, the transit service parks vehicles in frnt f supermarkets fr its annual “Stuff a Bus” campaign each Nvember. Vlunteers cllect fd and cash dnatins frm shppers t fill buses bund fr fd banks. Since its start in 1995, the campaign has cllected 553,000 kilgrams f fd and rughly half a millin dllars.
Rice Bucket Challenge, India
Heard f the Ice Bucket Challenge? Yu take a vide f yurself dumping a bucket f ice water ver yur head, then nminate (指定) three mre peple t d the same. In sme versins, the participant dnates $100 if they dn’t cmplete the challenge.
“I thught it was an amazing way t raise awareness f ALS and raise funds,” recalls Manju Kalanidhi, a jurnalist in Hyderabad, India. But it didn’t make sense in her cuntry, where water is t precius t waste, even fr a gd cause. Then in 2014, it hit her: Why nt make it a Rice Bucket Challenge t fight hunger? “I gave a bucket f rice t smene in need and clicked a pht. I shared it n Facebk and said, ‘This is a Rice Bucket Challenge.Why dn’t yu d it, t?’” Participants dnate a bucket f rice t an individual r family — n, it’s nt dumped — take a pht and pst it n scial media with a message encuraging thers t d the same.
1. Which ne can help peple in need get fd withut hurting their pride?
A. Fd Angel, Hng KngB. Frigs Slidaires, France
C. Stuff A Bus, CanadaD. Rice Bucket Challenge, India
2. What d yu knw abut Rice Bucket Challenge in India?
A. It is an amazing way t raise awareness f ALS.
B. It was inspired by the Ice Bucket Challenge.
C. A bucket f rice is given and dumped.
D. A bucket f water is dnated fr a gd cause.
3. What’s the purpse f the text?
A. T explain hw imprtant t help peple in need.
B. T inspire readers t start a nn-prfit rganizatin.
C. T intrduce sme creative ways t give away.
D. T appeal t readers t dnate mney t charity.
【答案】1. B 2. B 3. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了几种做慈善的新的方式。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“Frigs Slidaires, France”中“Imagine if thse in need culd help themselves t fd with annymity (匿名) and dignity.”（想象一下，如果那些需要帮助的人可以匿名和有尊严地帮助自己获得食物。）可知，Frigs Slidaires, France可以帮助人们不伤自尊地、有尊严地得到食物。故选B。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Heard f the Ice Bucket Challenge?”（听说过冰桶挑战吗？）和最后一段“But it didn’t make sense in her cuntry, where water is t precius t waste, even fr a gd cause. Then in 2014, it hit her: Why nt make it a Rice Bucket Challenge t fight hunger? ”（但在她的国家，这是行不通的，因为水太珍贵了，不能浪费，即使是为了一个好的理由。然后在2014年，她突然想到：为什么不把它变成一个对抗饥饿的米桶挑战呢？）可知，米桶挑战是受到冰桶挑战的启发而创设的。故选B。
【3题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章题目“Small Ways Yu Can Dnate Mney T Charity”（捐款给慈善机构的小方法）和第一段“There are plenty f innvative ways that yu can help peple in need, even when mney is tight. Here are just a few unique ways t give.”（有很多创新的方法可以帮助有需要的人，即使在资金紧张的时候。这里有一些独特的给予方式。）可知，本文主要是为了介绍几种创新方式做慈善。故选C。
B
Which f these ingredients have yu cked with r eaten, wild rice, rabbits r rses? Actually, they were part f Native American cuisine in the past. Sean Sherman is a chef frm the Oglala Lakta tribe, wh is attempting smething remarkable. Thrugh his cmpany and his restaurant, Sherman is bringing these ingredients back int the public eye.
Sean Sherman grew up n the Pine Ridge Reservatin. As a reservatin kid, Sherman usually didn’t have access t high-quality r tasty fd. His family relied n the Cmmdity Supplemental Fd Prgram, which meant canned gds, tasteless fd, and pwdered milk. After high schl, Sherman started wrking fr the Frest Service. As part f his jb, he had t learn the names f the plants, which raised his curisity abut indigenus (本土的) plants and fds.
Sherman started ding lts f research n his wn, and he started his cmpany in 2014. A few years later, Sherman pened his restaurant Owamni, where he shwed native ingredients and flavrs. The mst significant feature f the restaurant is the native ingredients, nne f which is related t Eurpean civilizatins.
The vibe in the restaurant is ttally unique as well. There, a lt f peple are really struck by it, because it’s nt typical t be able t g smeplace and see their native fds n the menu, see native peple cking the fd and listen t native music. Therefre, it’s a whlly unique experience and it’s smething that’s really special.
Native cuisine allws native peple t explre their histries and cultures. It supprts lcal businesses and cmes with a hst f health benefits. “We shuld have native restaurants in every city t shw the diversity and flavrs f all the different tribes acrss Nrth America and thus have a future where native cuisine is mre widespread, and ingredients are mre familiar and well knwn,” Sherman explains.
4. When did Sean Sherman becme interested in native fds?
A. As he was a reservatin kid.
B. Befre he entered high schl.
C. When he wrked as a chef in a restaurant.
D. When he was wrking in the frest department.
5. What is the mst imprtant feature f Sherman’s restaurant?
A. The ingredients used are native.
B. Native music is played all the time.
C. Diverse ingredients are cmbined in each dish.
D. It is a reflectin f mdern native civilizatin.
6. What des the underlined wrd “vibe” in paragraph 4 mean?
A. Service.B. Decratin.C. Scenery.D. Atmsphere.
7. Why des Sherman suggest each city shuld have native restaurants?
A. T bst the prfits f lcal businesses.
B. T help native peple t hnr their histry.
C. T present and prmte the native cuisine.
D. T serve fds with varius health benefits.
【答案】4. D 5. A 6. D 7. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Sean Sherman开办本土特色餐厅的故事。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“After high schl, Sherman started wrking fr the Frest Service. As part f his jb, he had t learn the names f the plants, which raised his curisity abut indigenus (本土的) plants and fds.(高中毕业后，Sherman开始为林务局工作。作为工作的一部分，他必须学习植物的名称，这引起了他对本地植物和食物的好奇心)”可知，Sean Sherman是在林务局工作时开始对本土食物感兴趣。故选D。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中“The mst significant feature f the restaurant is the native ingredients, nne f which is related t Eurpean civilizatins.(餐厅最显著的特点是本地食材，没有一种与欧洲文明有关)”可知，Sherman的餐厅最重要的特色是使用本地食材。故选A。
【6题详解】
词句猜测题。根据划线词下文“There, a lt f peple are really struck by it, because it’s nt typical t be able t g smeplace and see their native fds n the menu, see native peple cking the fd and listen t native music.(在那里，很多人都被它打动了，因为去一个地方，在菜单上看到当地的食物，看到当地人做饭，听当地的音乐，这是不常见的)”可知，此处说的是餐厅的氛围。划线词vibe意为“氛围”。故选D。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中“We shuld have native restaurants in every city t shw the diversity and flavrs f all the different tribes acrss Nrth America and thus have a future where native cuisine is mre widespread, and ingredients are mre familiar and well knwn(我们应该在每个城市都有本土餐厅，以展示北美所有不同部落的多样性和口味，从而有一个本土美食更广泛传播的未来，食材也更熟悉、更广为人知)”可推知，Sherman建议每个城市都应该有本土餐厅，以展示和推广本地美食。故选C。
C
In the 1950s, British histrian Nrtheaster Parkinsn came up with a cncept which was later knwn as Parkinsn’s Law f Triviality. It states that the amunt f time spent discussing an issue in an rganizatin is ppsitely assciated with its actual imprtance.
Parkinsn’s Law f Triviality is als knwn as “bike-shedding (车棚)”, after the stry Parkinsn uses t illustrate it. He asks readers t imagine a financial cmmittee meeting t discuss a three-pint agenda. The pints are as fllws: A prpsal fr a￡10 millin nuclear pwer plant; A prpsal fr a￡350 bike shed; A prpsal fr a￡21 annual cffee budget.
What happens? The cmmittee ends up running thrugh the nuclear pwer plant prpsal in little time. It’s t advanced fr anyne t really dig int the details. The discussin sn mves t the bike shed. Here, everyne’s an expert. In the end, the cmmittee runs ut f time and decides t meet again t cmplete their analysis.
Bike-shedding happens because the smaller a matter is, the mre peple will have an pinin n it, even when there is n genuine value t add. When smething is utside f ur circle f cmpetence, like a nuclear pwer plant, we dn’t even try t express an pinin. But when smething is cmprehensible, everyne wants t shw that they knw abut the tpic at hand.
Hw can we avid bike-shedding? The main thing yu can d is t have a clear purpse. Priya Parker, the authr f The Art f Gathering: Hw We Meet and Why It Matters, says that any successful gathering needs t have a fcused purpse. “Specificity,” she says, “is a crucial element.”
When it cmes t chsing yur list f invitees, Parker writes, “if the purpse f yur meeting is t make a decisin, yu may want t cnsider having fewer cks in the kitchen.” Getting the result yu want - a thughtful, educated discussin abut that pwer plant - depends n having the right peple in the rm.
8. What is Parkinsn’s purpse f presenting the imaginary meeting?
A. T state a fact.B. T clarify a cncept.
C. T make a predictin.D. T make a cmparisn.
9. What can be inferred frm Paragraph 4?
A. The mre yu knw, the less yu speak.
B. What is simple fr yu may be tugh fr thers.
C. What requires mre wrk may get less attentin.
D. The mre yu put in, the better yur result will be.
10. Which is the authr’s suggestin fr a successful meeting?
A Planning befre the meeting.
B. Getting the right peple t the table.
C. Spending less time n the minr issues.
D. Taking different pinins int accunt.
11. What can be a suitable title fr the text?
A. Purpse: The Key t an Effective Meeting
B. Talent: A Crucial Element in Organizatins
C. The Bike Shed Effect: Aviding Small Matters
D. Nuclear Pwer Plant: The Less-knwn Prpsal
【答案】8. B 9. C 10. B 11. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在20世纪50年代，英国历史学家Nrtheaster Parkinsn提出的帕金森琐碎定律。
【8题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段的“Parkinsn’s Law f Triviality is als knwn as “bike-shedding (车棚)”, after the stry Parkinsn uses t illustrate it. He asks readers t imagine a financial cmmittee meeting t discuss a three-pint agenda.(Parkinsn的帕金森琐碎定律也被称为bike-shedding，以帕金森用来说明它的故事命名。他让读者想象一个财务委员会开会讨论三点议程。)”可知，Parkinsn提出假想会议的目的是澄清一个概念。故选B。
【9题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段的“Bike-shedding happens because the smaller a matter is, the mre peple will have an pinin n it, even when there is n real value t add. When smething is utside f ur circle f cmpetence, like a nuclear pwer plant, we dn’t even try t express an pinin. But when smething is understandable everyne wants t shw that they knw abut the tpic at hand.(Bike-shedding会发生，是因为事情越小，就会有越多的人对它发表意见，即使没有什么真正的价值可言。当事情超出我们的能力范围时，比如核电站，我们甚至不会试图表达意见。但是当某件事是可以理解的时候，每个人都想表明他们了解手头的话题。)”可知，需要付出更多努力的事情可能得到的关注更少。故选C。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段的“Getting the result yu want—a thughtful, educated discussin abut that pwer plant—depends n having the right peple in the rm.(想要得到你想要的结果——一场关于电厂的深思熟虑的、有知识的讨论——取决于是否有合适的人在场。)”可知，作者对会议成功的建议是把合适的人请到会议桌前。故选B。
【11题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第四段的“Bike-shedding happens because the smaller a matter is, the mre peple will have an pinin n it, even when there is n real value t add.(Bike-shedding之所以会发生，是因为事情越小，就会有越多的人对它发表意见，即使没有真正的价值可言。)”可知，本文主要介绍的是20世纪50年代，英国历史学家Nrtheaster Parkinsn提出的帕金森琐碎定律，也称为bike-shedding，因此最好的题目是C选项“The Bike Shed Effect: Aviding Small Matters(自行车棚效应：避免小事)”。故选C。
D
Gldfish may seem like simple creatures swimming in a glass tank, but they pssess a rather cmplicated navigatin system, as discvered by researchers at the University f Oxfrd. Led by Dr. Adelaide Sibeaux, the study aims t shed light n ur understanding f hw fish, and ptentially humans, estimate distances using what culd be described as an internal GPS.
Writing in the jurnal Prceedings f the Ryal Sciety B, Sibeaux and clleagues reprt hw they created a tank in their experiment with 2cm-wide black and white vertical stripes (垂直条纹) n the walls, cnnected by similar stripes acrss the flr. The team trained nine gldfish t swim a set distance f 70cm and then return t their starting pint when waved at. The experiment aimed t investigate hw the fish wuld estimate this distance withut any gestures, under different patterns.
Over multiple trials, the gldfish averaged a swim distance f 74cm, give r take 17cm, when presented with the vertical 2cm-wide stripes. Hwever, when the stripe pattern was altered t either narrwer vertical stripes, checked patterns, r hrizntal stripes (水平条纹), the fish’s behavir changed significantly. Narrwer vertical stripes led them t verestimating the distance by 36%, while hrizntal stripes resulted in highly incnsistent estimatins.
Accrding t the researchers, the gldfish appeared t be using an “ptic (光学的) flw mechanism” based n the visual density f their envirnment. They kept track f hw frequently the vertical pattern switched between black and white t estimate hw far they had traveled. The study suggests that different ptic flw mechanisms are used by mammals, including humans, based n angular (有角度的) mtin f visual features. The study implies that the use f visually based distance infrmatin culd have emerged early in the evlutinary timeline.
“This study is nvel because, despite knwing that fish respnd t gemetric infrmatin regarding directin and distance, we dn’t knw hw they estimate distances,” Prfessr Clin Lever, althugh nt invlved in the study, said, “it’s exciting t explre fish spatial mapping because fish navigatin evlved earlier and better than mst mammals.”
12. Why did Dr. Adelaide Sibeaux cnduct the study n gldfish?
A. T test the accuracy f gldfish’s internal GPS.
B. T create an advanced navigatin system fr humans.
C. T uncver hw an inbuilt GPS helps calculate distances.
D. T explre the relatinships between gldfish and humans.
13. What can we learn abut the experiment?
A. Peple gestured the gldfish thrughut the experiment.
B. The tank was decrated with clrful backgrund patterns.
C. Gldfish tended t underestimate distances with hrizntal stripes.
D. The change in the tank setting led t the gldfish’s incrrect judgment.
14. What can be cncluded frm paragraph 4?
A. Optic flw mechanism is unique t humans.
B. Mammals develped flw mechanism lng befre gldfish.
C. Gldfish evaluated the distance with multidimensinal visual infrmatin.
D. Visual density f the envirnment strengthened the lcating ability f gldfish.
15. What attitude des Prfessr Clin hld twards the study?
A. Objective.B. Ambiguus.C. Disapprving.D. Favrable.
【答案】12. C 13. D 14. C 15. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文，科学研究旨在阐明我们对鱼类如何使用内部GPS估计距离的理解。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“the study aims t shed light n ur understanding f hw fish, and ptentially humans, estimate distances using what culd be described as an internal GPS.(这项研究旨在阐明我们对鱼类以及潜在的人类如何利用一种可以被称为内部GPS的东西来估计距离的理解)”可知，这项研究旨在揭示内置GPS如何帮助计算距离。故选C。
【13题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段“Hwever, when the stripe pattern was altered t either narrwer vertical stripes, checked patterns, r hrizntal stripes (水平条纹), the fish’s behavir changed significantly. Narrwer vertical stripes led them t verestimating the distance by 36%, while hrizntal stripes resulted in highly incnsistent estimatins.(然而，当条纹图案被改变为更窄的垂直条纹、格子图案或水平条纹时，鱼的行为发生了显著变化。较窄的垂直条纹导致他们高估了36%的距离，而水平条纹导致高度不一致的估计)”可知，鱼缸条纹改变后，鱼对距离的估算不准确了。故选D。
【14题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段中“Accrding t the researchers, the gldfish appeared t be using an ‘ptic (光学的) flw mechanism’ based n the visual density f their envirnment. They kept track f hw frequently the vertical pattern switched between black and white t estimate hw far they had traveled. The study suggests that different ptic flw mechanisms are used by mammals, including humans, based n angular (有角度的) mtin f visual features.(根据研究人员的说法，金鱼似乎使用了一种基于环境视觉密度的‘光学流动机制’。他们记录了垂直图案在黑色和白色之间切换的频率，以估计它们走了多远。这项研究表明，包括人类在内的哺乳动物使用不同的光流机制，这是基于视觉特征的角度运动)”可知，此处进一步阐明金鱼估计距离的原理，金鱼利用多维视觉信息来评估距离。故选C。
【15题详解】
推理判断题。推理判断题。根据最后一段“This study is nvel because, despite knwing that fish respnd t gemetric infrmatin regarding directin and distance, we dn’t knw hw they estimate distances,” Prfessr Clin Lever, althugh nt invlved in the study, said, “it’s exciting t explre fish spatial mapping because fish navigatin evlved earlier and better than mst mammals.”(“这项研究是新颖的，因为尽管我们知道鱼类对方向和距离的几何信息有反应，但我们不知道它们是如何估计距离的，”科林·利弗教授说，尽管他没有参与这项研究，“探索鱼类的空间映射是令人兴奋的，因为鱼类的导航进化得比大多数哺乳动物更早，也更好。”)”可知，科林教授认为这项研究是令人兴奋的，所以是赞许的”可知，Clin教授对该研究的态度是积极地，赞成的。故选D。
第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
A garden is a prject that ften requires a fairly large initial investment f bth time and mney frm the start—as well as a cmmitment t maintain it. ____16____. Thse wh like their hme garden find it rewarding bth as a place t relax, and as a fun and healthy hbby.
If yu’re lucky enugh t have a backyard, yu can imagine the enjyment yu’d receive frm changing that dusty, weedy dead space int a green, relaxing envirnment. ____17____. With regular, lw-level maintenance it will cntinue t thrive(茁壮成长）and prvide yu with pleasure.
S, hw can yu build a pleasant hme garden? Sme clever gardeners use drught-resistant plants such as cacti(仙人掌), and a little bit f watering and inspiratin t prduce spaces that are bth relaxing and pleasing t the eye. ____18____.
____19____. If yu put in the plants and walkways yurself, it will be gd fr yur health. Many peple find that spending a while digging hles fr trees r pulling weeds is easier t stmach than half an hur n a running machine, and wh can blame them? It might take a while t see the fitness results, but a few days’ wrk can literally transfrm yur yard.
There are many ppular hme garden bks and magazines. ____20____, as many bks cntain detailed plans fr cmplex prjects. Use these resurces as a starting pint and put tgether smething uniquely yurs—within the limits f yur time and budget.
A. A trip t the library can help yu get started
B. Hwever, it is a deserving challenge fr many peple
C. A hme garden can be a gd wrkut as well as a place t relax
D. The shape f the space is ften as imprtant as its cntents r size
E. Sme d it fr exercise and spend a little time utdrs n a sunny day
F. N matter what the circumstances, it’s pssible t create a lvely hme garden
G. Many gardeners als enjy emplying tuches such as stne paths t create a nice atmsphere
【答案】16. B 17. F 18. G 19. C 20. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是篇说明文。文章给对家庭花园有兴趣的读者提供了一些有益的建议，指导他们该从哪些方面着手营建自己的花园。
【16题详解】
根据上一句“A garden is a prject that ften requires a fairly large initial investment f bth time and mney frm the start—as well as a cmmitment t maintain it.”（一个花园是一个通常需要从一开始就投入相当大时间和金钱的项目，还要有维护它的承诺。）和下一句“Thse wh like their hme garden find it rewarding bth as a place t relax, and as a fun and healthy hbby.”（那些喜欢自家花园的人发现它作为一个放松的地方，和一个有趣而健康的爱好是很值得的。）可知，上一句提到花园需要大量时间和金钱来维护，下一句却指出了它的好处，故前后之间为转折关系；故选项B. Hwever, it is a deserving challenge fr many peple（然而，对许多人来说，这是一个值得的挑战）承上启下，说明了虽然维护花园需要投入大量的时间和金钱，但这种挑战却是值得的，它为人们提供了放松的地方，带来了乐趣和健康。故选B。
【17题详解】
根据上一句“If yu’re lucky enugh t have a backyard, yu can imagine the enjyment yu’d receive frm changing that dusty, weedy dead space int a green, relaxing envirnment.”（如果你足够幸运，有一个后院，你可以想象一下，把那个尘土飞扬、杂草丛生的死角变成一个绿色、放松的环境，你会得到什么样的享受。），选项F. N matter what the circumstances, it’s pssible t create a lvely hme garden（无论在什么情况下，都有可能创造一个可爱的家庭花园）对上句作出了回答，你是有可能把后院改造成一个可爱的家庭花园的，承接上文；下一句“With regular, lw-level maintenance it will cntinue t thrive(茁壮成长）and prvide yu with pleasure.”（通过定期的低水平维护，它将继续茁壮成长并为您提供乐趣。）中的“it”指代选项F中的“a lvely hme garden”，语意连贯，衔接合理。故选F。
【18题详解】
根据上一句“Sme clever gardeners use drught-resistant plants such as cacti(仙人掌), and a little bit f watering and inspiratin t prduce spaces that are bth relaxing and pleasing t the eye.”（一些聪明的园丁使用抗旱植物，如仙人掌，再加上一点点浇水和灵感，创造出既放松又赏心悦目的空间。）可知，该句描述了一些园丁建造宜人的家庭花园的方法；选项G. Many gardeners als enjy emplying tuches such as stne paths t create a nice atmsphere（许多园丁也喜欢使用石头小径来创造良好的氛围）补充说明了其他一些园丁建造的方法，语意衔接合理，符合段落主题。故选G。
【19题详解】
空处为段落主题句。根据下一句“If yu put in the plants and walkways yurself, it will be gd fr yur health.”（如果你自己放入植物、铺人行道，这对你的健康有好处。）和第四段内容可知，该段主要是描述了园艺对健康的好处；选项C. A hme garden can be a gd wrkut as well as a place t relax（一个家庭花园可以是一个很好的锻炼和放松的地方）概括表达了家庭花园对身心健康都有帮助，符合该段主题。故选C。
【20题详解】
根据上一句“There are many ppular hme garden bks and magazines.”（有许多流行的家庭园艺书籍和杂志。），选项A. A trip t the library can help yu get started（去一趟图书馆可以帮助你开始）进一步提出可以通过去图书馆阅读那些流行的园艺书籍和杂志，承接上文；下一句“as many bks cntain detailed plans fr cmplex prjects.”（因为许多书都包含复杂项目的详细计划。）具体解释了阅读这些图书的意义，符合语境。故选A。
第二部分：语言运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Brn with n right leg, Anthny Rbles, ne f the best wrestlers in the NCAA, started wrestling when he was in high schl. When his cusin first ____21____ him t wrestling, Rbles wasn’t a/an ____22____. Hwever, he gradually fell in lve with it and he has been ding it ever since .
While sme peple might have ____23____ his decisin t take n the sprt, his family was a huge ____24____ f supprt and encuragement. He said: “They ____25____ in me frm a yung age that I culd d whatever I ____26____ my mind t. “They didn’t give me any special ____27____. They raised me like thers.”
While the physical aspects f the sprt seemed t be the mst challenging part, at ne pint Rbles realized he needed t be ____28____ tugher. After ____29____ seventh at natinals in his junir year, he tk a ____30____ frm wrestling fr a little while. He said. “I was ____31____. That really just helped me t mentally get back t the sprt.”
Then came the last match. Rbles was s scared that he was almst starting t cry. When he defeated defending natinal champin 7-1, the ____32____ were quite different. “I culdn’t even ____33____ it.” He said, “It was just a great experience.”
Nw Rbles is ready fr the next page in his life, “I really want t help ther peple achieve things in their lives that thers might say are ____34____.” Rbles plans t put his amazing attitude and energy t ____35____ as a mtivatinal (激励) speaker.
21. A. shwedB. recmmendedC. intrducedD. attracted
22. A. partnerB. fanC. masterD. audience
23. A. questinedB. admiredC. hnredD. affected
24. A. amuntB. surceC. fldD. supply
25. A. plantedB. breathedC. deliveredD. registered
26. A. exchangeB. imprveC. buryD. apply
27. A. effectB. creditC. cnfidenceD. treatment
28. A. graduallyB. bviuslyC. frmallyD. mentally
29. A. succeedingB. gingC. finishingD. becming
30. A. breakB. jbC. busD. flight
31. A. cut utB. left utC. stressed utD. checked ut
32. A. decisinsB. emtinsC. apprachesD. gals
33. A. impressedB. cncentratedC. designD. believe
34. A. uselessB. extraC. cnfusingD. impssible
35. A. restB. placeC. useD. test
【答案】21. C 22. B 23. A 24. B 25. A 26. D 27. D 28. D 29. C 30. A 31. C 32. B 33. D 34. D 35. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了美国大学生体育协会最好的摔跤手之一Anthny Rbles的励志故事。
【21题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：当他的表弟第一次向他介绍摔跤时，Rbles并不喜欢。A. shwed展示；B. recmmended推荐；C. intrduced介绍；D. attracted吸引。结合“first”及语境可知，此处指别人第一次向他介绍摔跤，故选C。
【22题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. partner同伴；B. fan迷，狂热爱好者；C. master大师；D. audience观众。根据下文的转折“Hwever, he gradually fell in lve with it”可知，此处表示他并不是摔跤迷，即他并不喜欢摔跤，故选B。
【23题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：虽然有些人可能会质疑他从事这项运动的决定，但他的家人是支持和鼓励的巨大来源。A. questined质询，怀疑；B. admired钦佩；C. hnred尊敬，尊重；D. affected影响。结合While表示的转折意义以及下文“supprt and encuragement”可知，此处指别人质疑他的决定，故选A。
【24题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. amunt数量；B. surce来源；C. fld洪水；D. supply供应。结合“his family”以及“supprt and encuragement”可知，此处指他的家人支持和鼓励他，即支持和鼓励来源于他的家人，故选B。
【25题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他说：“他们在我很小的时候就告诉我，我可以做任何我想做的事。”A. planted(使思想、信念等)根植于；B. breathed呼吸；C. delivered递送；D. registered登记，注册。结合语境及“frm a yung age”可知，此处指小时候父母教导Rbles，故选A。
【26题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. exchange交换；B. imprve提高，改善；C. bury埋葬；D. apply申请。上文提到家人支持和鼓励他，结合“I culd d whatever”可知，此处指“我可以做任何我想做的事”，固定搭配apply ne’s mind t“专心于”，故选D。
【27题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们没有给我任何特殊对待。A. effect影响；B. credit信誉；C. cnfidence自信；D. treatment对待。根据下文“They raised me like thers.”可知，虽然Rbles天生残疾，但是父母并没有对他区别对待，故选D。
【28题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：虽然这项运动的身体方面似乎是最具挑战性的部分，但Rbles一度意识到他需要在精神上更坚强。A. gradually逐渐地；B. bviusly明显地；C. frmally正式地；D. mentally精神上。此处和上文“physical aspects”形成对比，指精神方面，故选D。
【29题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：大三时，他在全国比赛中获得第七名，之后他暂时放弃了摔跤。A. succeeding成功；B. ging去；C. finishing(赛跑、竞赛)得……名，获得……成绩；D. becming变成。根据“seventh at natinals”可知，此处指在全国比赛中获得第七名，故选C。
【30题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. break休息；B. jb工作；C. bus公交车；D. flight航班。根据下文“get back t the sprt”可知，他暂时休息一段时间，故选A。
31题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：他说：“我压力很大。”A. cut ut切断；B. left ut遗漏，省略；C. stressed ut有压力的；D. checked ut退房。根据上文“Rbles realized he needed t be ____8____ tugher”以及下文“That really just helped me t mentally get back t the sprt.(这真的帮助我在精神上重新回到这项运动中)”可知，他精神压力很大，故选C。
【32题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：当他以7比1击败卫冕冠军时，情绪截然不同。A. decisins决定；B. emtins情绪；C. appraches方法；D. gals目标。根据上文“Rbles was s scared”可知，Rbles很害怕，结合下文“It was just a great experience.(这是一次很棒的经历)”可知，他的情绪变得不同，故选B。
【33题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：“我简直不敢相信。”他说：“这是一次很棒经历。”A. impressed给……留下深刻印象；B. cncentrated集中；C. design设计；D. believe相信。根据上文“Rbles was s scared that he was almst starting t cry.”可知，Rbles害怕得几乎要哭了，结合下文“It was just a great experience.(这是一次很棒的经历)”可知，此处指简直不敢相信，故选D。
【34题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：现在，Rbles已经准备好翻开人生的新篇章，“我真的很想帮助别人实现那些别人可能认为不可能实现的事情。”A. useless无用的；B. extra额外的；C. cnfusing令人困惑的；D. impssible不可能的。结合上文“While sme peple might have ____3____ his decisin t take n the sprt”可知，别人曾经质疑他从事摔跤运动的决定，故此处指“别人可能认为不可能实现的事情”，故选D。
【35题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：作为一名励志演说家，Rbles计划利用他惊人的态度和精力。A. rest休息；B. place地方；C. use使用；D. test测试。结合上文“I really want t help ther peple achieve things…”可知，Rbles想要帮助人们，故此处指利用他惊人的态度和精力去做演讲，固定搭配put…t use“利用，把……投入使用”，故选C。
第二节 （共10小题，每小题1. 5分，共15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Over 400 pieces r sets f Dehua white prcelain (德化白瓷) are n display in the Natinal Museum f China in Beijing, with the exhibitin ____36____ (run) frm Aug 26 fr three mnths.
Dehua white prcelain is famus fr its pure white clr. Accrding t Chen Cha, ____37____ artist dedicated t prcelain research, Dehua prcelain is ____38____ (extrardinary) pure and white because the kalin (高岭土) in Dehua cunty in Fujian has a lw percentage f irn, ____39____ (make) the prcelain stainless (无瑕的) like white jade.
Sitting in Quanzhu city, ____40____ the ancient Maritime Silk Rad started, Dehua white prcelain ____41____ (sell) well at hme and abrad since the Sng Dynasty (960-1279). In 2006, Dehua white prcelain was listed as a natinal intangible cultural heritage.
____42____ the past glries, Dehua craftsmen (工匠) never stp refining (精进) their skills. One ____43____ (impress) skill is “the eggshell technique” (薄胎技艺). Chen said that it is just ne f the ____44____ (achievement) that Chinese prcelain craftsmen have made n the lng path f innvatin.
“Cmbining traditinal Chinese artistic skills with mdern disciplines (学科), we will create even mre utstanding wrks ____45____ (increase) the cultural cnfidence f the Chinese peple.” said Chen.
【答案】36. running
37. an 38. extrardinarily
39. making 40. where
41. has sld
42. Despite
43. impressive
44. achievements
45. t increase##increasing
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文，本文介绍了中国非物质文化遗产德化白瓷。
【36题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：北京中国国家博物馆展出了400多件或套德化白瓷，展览从8月26日开始，为期三个月。此处是with的复合结构“with+宾语+宾补”，动词run和宾语the exhibitin之间是主谓关系，应用现在分词作宾补，故填running。
【37题详解】
考查冠词。句意：据从事瓷器研究的艺术家陈超介绍，由于福建德化县的高岭土中铁的含量很低，使得德化瓷异常纯净洁白，像白玉一样洁白无瑕。artist是可数名词，此处表示泛指，应用不定冠词，且artist是以元音音素开头，故填an。
【38题详解】
考查副词。句意：同上。空处修饰形容词pure，应用副词形式，故填extrardinarily。
【39题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：同上。make的逻辑主语是前面的句子，两者之间是主谓关系，应用现在分词作状语，故填making。
【40题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：坐落在古代海上丝绸之路起源地泉州的德化白瓷，自宋朝（960-1279）起就畅销国内外。空处引导定语从句，先行词是Quanzhu city，关系词在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导，故填where。
【41题详解】
考查时态和主谓一致。句意：同上。根据时间状语“since the Sng Dynasty (960-1279)”可知，句子使用现在完成时，主语Dehua white prcelain表示单数意义，故填has sld。
【42题详解】
考查介词。句意：尽管有过去的辉煌，但德化工匠从未停止磨练他们的技能。结合句意可知，此处表示让步，使用介词despite“尽管”，首字母应大写，故填Despite。
【43题详解】
考查形容词。句意：一项令人印象深刻的技能是“薄胎技艺”。空处应填形容词作定语，修饰名词skill，故填impressive。
【44题详解】
考查名词复数。句意：陈说，这只是中国陶瓷工匠在漫长的创新道路上取得的成就之一。ne f后接可数名词复数，表示“……之一”，故填achievements。
【45题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：“将中国传统艺术技巧与现代学科相结合，我们将创造出更多优秀的作品，以增强中国人的文化自信/我们将创造出更多增强中国人文化自信的优秀作品。”陈说。此处表示目的，应用动词不定式作目的状语；空处也可理解为后置定语，increase和wrks之间是主谓关系，使用现在分词作后置定语，故填t increase/increasing。
第三部分 写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（满分15分）
46. 假定你是李华，你的英国笔友Peter在来信中提到，他要开设一门选修课来帮助英国学生更好地了解中国文化，请给他回信，内容包括：
1. 你对选修课的建议及理由；
2. 你的祝愿。
注意：
1. 写作词数应为 80 左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear Peter,
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yurs,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Peter,
I’m glad t hear frm yu and that yu are interested in Chinese culture. Nw that yu ask fr my advice n the selective curse, I’ll recmmend yu t chse the curse abut Chinese ancient petry. The reasns are as fllws.
First, petry weaves rich wrds and prfund meaning int ne. It is nt merely a frm f literature, it is als a gateway t understanding the sul f China. Mrever, petry ffers a unique perspective n Chinese sciety and culture. Thrugh petry, we gain insights int the beauty f Chinese art, music, and literature. Lastly, Chinese petry is nt just wrds n a page but als it is a living, breathing heritage. It is an essential part f understanding China’s rich cultural heritage and its influence n the wrld. I believe it will aruse yur interest in Chinese Culture.
I hpe yu find my ideas useful and best wishes t yur selective curse.
Yurs,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给英国笔友Peter回信，说明对选修课的建议及理由，并表达祝愿。
【详解】1.词汇积累
高兴的：glad→delighted
建议：advice→suggestin
此外：mrever→what’s mre
影响：influence→impact
2.句式拓展
合并简单句
原句：Mrever, petry ffers a unique perspective n Chinese sciety and culture. Thrugh petry, we gain insights int the beauty f Chinese art, music, and literature.
拓展句：Mrever, petry ffers a unique perspective n Chinese sciety and culture, thrugh which we gain insights int the beauty f Chinese art, music, and literature.
【点睛】【高分句型1】Nw that yu ask fr my advice n the selective curse, I’ll recmmend yu t chse the curse abut Chinese ancient petry.（运用了nw that引导的原因状语从句）
【高分句型2】I believe it will aruse yur interest in Chinese Culture.（运用了省略that的宾语从句）
第二节（满分25分）
47. 阅读下面短文, 根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
They’d been planning this frever. Frm her birth, mst likely. Mya's mther, Helena lved hsting parties. And Aunt Beatrice lved birthdays. Tgether, they'd make her Sweet Sixteen a hundred times bigger, blder, and brighter than it needed t be. They selected a theme every year and stuck t it. Her furteenth had been the “Snw White” and her ninth had been the “Frzen”. They never tld her what the theme was the day befre. She'd just wake up her birthday mrning, a brand new birthday utfit (一套服装) laid neatly n her dresser (an utfit related t the theme, f curse) and she wuld pen her dr t see the adventure that lay ahead f her that day.
Mya had a few guesses as t what this year’s theme wuld be. A play n the wrds “Sweet Sixteen” was likely — a candy themed party, perhaps? But she’d had a baking party a few years ag — and Helena was anything but repetitive. Mya didn't have any interest in cars, s she dubted a sprts-car party was n the menu. She’d tried t lk thrugh her mther’s purchase histry nline, but her mther had been careful enugh t delete everything recent. S the nly clue left was the birthday utfit she wuld receive the next mrning.
May 1st, Mya wke. The bright sunlight begged her eyes t pen and she lved the day that her birthday tk place. It was always nice ut n May 1st and it never rained. This mrning was n different than her previus birthdays. She sat up in her bed and lked t her dresser befre slipping ut f bed and inspecting the utfit. She unflded it and held it against her bdy, seeing hw it was like. It reached dwn, just abve the ankle. Mya dressed, eyed herself in the mirrr and fund it was nt s much a pretty utfit as she had received befre. It was ttally ne fr blue-cllar wrkers!
注意：1. 续写词数应为150左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Suddenly her thughts were interrupted by a knck.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
With everything dne, her face shne with a sweet smile.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】例文1:
Suddenly, her thughts were interrupted by a knck. Helena walked in. “What is my birthday theme this year, mum?” Mya asked. “Labr!” Helena answered in a firm vice. “But I was expecting a party!” her vice sunded shaky. Oh, hw culd she frget she was brn n Labr’s Day! Mya’s feet brught her small steps t fllw Helena t the van. On arriving at a farm, she nticed the vast land f wheat spreading ver the hrizn that made a splendid view itself. Their jb was t remve the weeds.
With everything dne, her face shne with a sweet smile. Several drps f sweat traced a path n her red and pink cheeks and she turned t Helena: “this is nt bad, mum and I feel I’ve grwn up enugh t help yu with smething.” Helena pulled Mya int her arms and planted a big kiss n her frehead. The sun in May was shining brighter than ever like a fire ball. Picturing the gd harvest f this year, they hit the rad with a happy birthday sng eching in the van.
例文 2:
Suddenly, her thughts were interrupted by a knck. “Is the birthday girl up?” Helena asked. Mya pened her bedrm dr and surprisingly fund they lked the same! Lking at Mya’s surprised face, Helena grinned and led her t the kitchen. There was n meal n the table. “Let’s prepare fr the party tgether this time.” Aunt Beatrice said gladly dressed in the same utfit. It suddenly ccurred t Mya that the theme this year was suppsed t be “Sweet Labr, Sweet Sixteen”.
With everything dne, her face shne with a sweet smile. Lking arund the living rm, Mya felt the happiness brught by labr the first time. “Happy Birthday!” Mya turned arund in surprise. All f her friends jumped ut f any hiding spts with everyne wearing the same utfit. They enjyed the party and cleaned up tgether afterwards. Tired as Mya was, she pulled Helena and Beatrice int a hug tightly, saying “this is the best sweet sixteen ever.”
【解析】
【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，主要讲的是Mya的妈妈和阿姨喜欢为她办生日派对，Mya一直在猜测她16岁生日派对的主题，可是没有结果，只能等生日那天早上看梳妆台上的衣服，那天早上她穿上衣服后发现自己完全是一个蓝领工人。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“突然，敲门声打断了她的思绪。”可知，第一段可描写Mya的妈妈告诉Mya今年生日的主题。
②由第二段首句内容“一切都做完了，她的脸上露出了甜蜜的微笑。”可知，第二段可描写Mya劳动后的感受。
2.续写线索：告知主题——到农场劳动——劳动后的感受——回家
3.词汇激活
行为类
①回答：answer/respnd
②到达：arrive at/get t
③掠过：trace a path/skim ver
情绪类
①坚定的：firm/determined
②糟糕的：bad/terrible
【点睛】[高分句型1]Oh, hw culd she frget she was brn n Labr’s Day!(由that引导的宾语从句，省略了that)
[高分句型2]On arriving at a farm, she nticed the vast land f wheat spreading ver the hrizn that made a splendid view itself.（由关系代词that引导的限制性定语从句）
1. 答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号等填写在答题卡和试卷指定位置。
2. 选择题的作答：选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。
3. 考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分：阅读理解（共两节， 满分50分）
第一节 （共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。
A
Small Ways Yu Can Dnate Mney T Charity
There are plenty f innvative ways that yu can help peple in need, even when mney is tight. Here are just a few unique ways t give.
Fd Angel, Hng Kng
Fd insecurity has becme a glbal prblem fr families. In Hng Kng, the peple behind the Fd Angel prgram cllect 45 tnnes f edible surplus fd each week that grcery stres, restaurants and individuals wuld therwise dispse f. That includes fresh fruits and vegetables and ther perishables (易腐烂的食物) that aren’t nrmally accepted in fd-dnatin bxes.The impact is significant: Vlunteers make and serve arund 20,000 meals and distribute mre than 11,000 ther meals and fd packs every day.
Frigs Slidaires, France
Imagine if thse in need culd help themselves t fd with annymity (匿名) and dignity. Frigs Slidaires, r Slidarity Fridges, was started with that aim by Dunia Mebtul, a yung restaurateur in Paris. Nw, 130 fridges installed in frnt f places such as shps and schls ffer free fd t the hungry acrss France.
Stuff A Bus, Canada
In Edmntn, the transit service parks vehicles in frnt f supermarkets fr its annual “Stuff a Bus” campaign each Nvember. Vlunteers cllect fd and cash dnatins frm shppers t fill buses bund fr fd banks. Since its start in 1995, the campaign has cllected 553,000 kilgrams f fd and rughly half a millin dllars.
Rice Bucket Challenge, India
Heard f the Ice Bucket Challenge? Yu take a vide f yurself dumping a bucket f ice water ver yur head, then nminate (指定) three mre peple t d the same. In sme versins, the participant dnates $100 if they dn’t cmplete the challenge.
“I thught it was an amazing way t raise awareness f ALS and raise funds,” recalls Manju Kalanidhi, a jurnalist in Hyderabad, India. But it didn’t make sense in her cuntry, where water is t precius t waste, even fr a gd cause. Then in 2014, it hit her: Why nt make it a Rice Bucket Challenge t fight hunger? “I gave a bucket f rice t smene in need and clicked a pht. I shared it n Facebk and said, ‘This is a Rice Bucket Challenge.Why dn’t yu d it, t?’” Participants dnate a bucket f rice t an individual r family — n, it’s nt dumped — take a pht and pst it n scial media with a message encuraging thers t d the same.
1. Which ne can help peple in need get fd withut hurting their pride?
A. Fd Angel, Hng KngB. Frigs Slidaires, France
C. Stuff A Bus, CanadaD. Rice Bucket Challenge, India
2. What d yu knw abut Rice Bucket Challenge in India?
A. It is an amazing way t raise awareness f ALS.
B. It was inspired by the Ice Bucket Challenge.
C. A bucket f rice is given and dumped.
D. A bucket f water is dnated fr a gd cause.
3. What’s the purpse f the text?
A. T explain hw imprtant t help peple in need.
B. T inspire readers t start a nn-prfit rganizatin.
C. T intrduce sme creative ways t give away.
D. T appeal t readers t dnate mney t charity.
【答案】1. B 2. B 3. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了几种做慈善的新的方式。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“Frigs Slidaires, France”中“Imagine if thse in need culd help themselves t fd with annymity (匿名) and dignity.”（想象一下，如果那些需要帮助的人可以匿名和有尊严地帮助自己获得食物。）可知，Frigs Slidaires, France可以帮助人们不伤自尊地、有尊严地得到食物。故选B。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Heard f the Ice Bucket Challenge?”（听说过冰桶挑战吗？）和最后一段“But it didn’t make sense in her cuntry, where water is t precius t waste, even fr a gd cause. Then in 2014, it hit her: Why nt make it a Rice Bucket Challenge t fight hunger? ”（但在她的国家，这是行不通的，因为水太珍贵了，不能浪费，即使是为了一个好的理由。然后在2014年，她突然想到：为什么不把它变成一个对抗饥饿的米桶挑战呢？）可知，米桶挑战是受到冰桶挑战的启发而创设的。故选B。
【3题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章题目“Small Ways Yu Can Dnate Mney T Charity”（捐款给慈善机构的小方法）和第一段“There are plenty f innvative ways that yu can help peple in need, even when mney is tight. Here are just a few unique ways t give.”（有很多创新的方法可以帮助有需要的人，即使在资金紧张的时候。这里有一些独特的给予方式。）可知，本文主要是为了介绍几种创新方式做慈善。故选C。
B
Which f these ingredients have yu cked with r eaten, wild rice, rabbits r rses? Actually, they were part f Native American cuisine in the past. Sean Sherman is a chef frm the Oglala Lakta tribe, wh is attempting smething remarkable. Thrugh his cmpany and his restaurant, Sherman is bringing these ingredients back int the public eye.
Sean Sherman grew up n the Pine Ridge Reservatin. As a reservatin kid, Sherman usually didn’t have access t high-quality r tasty fd. His family relied n the Cmmdity Supplemental Fd Prgram, which meant canned gds, tasteless fd, and pwdered milk. After high schl, Sherman started wrking fr the Frest Service. As part f his jb, he had t learn the names f the plants, which raised his curisity abut indigenus (本土的) plants and fds.
Sherman started ding lts f research n his wn, and he started his cmpany in 2014. A few years later, Sherman pened his restaurant Owamni, where he shwed native ingredients and flavrs. The mst significant feature f the restaurant is the native ingredients, nne f which is related t Eurpean civilizatins.
The vibe in the restaurant is ttally unique as well. There, a lt f peple are really struck by it, because it’s nt typical t be able t g smeplace and see their native fds n the menu, see native peple cking the fd and listen t native music. Therefre, it’s a whlly unique experience and it’s smething that’s really special.
Native cuisine allws native peple t explre their histries and cultures. It supprts lcal businesses and cmes with a hst f health benefits. “We shuld have native restaurants in every city t shw the diversity and flavrs f all the different tribes acrss Nrth America and thus have a future where native cuisine is mre widespread, and ingredients are mre familiar and well knwn,” Sherman explains.
4. When did Sean Sherman becme interested in native fds?
A. As he was a reservatin kid.
B. Befre he entered high schl.
C. When he wrked as a chef in a restaurant.
D. When he was wrking in the frest department.
5. What is the mst imprtant feature f Sherman’s restaurant?
A. The ingredients used are native.
B. Native music is played all the time.
C. Diverse ingredients are cmbined in each dish.
D. It is a reflectin f mdern native civilizatin.
6. What des the underlined wrd “vibe” in paragraph 4 mean?
A. Service.B. Decratin.C. Scenery.D. Atmsphere.
7. Why des Sherman suggest each city shuld have native restaurants?
A. T bst the prfits f lcal businesses.
B. T help native peple t hnr their histry.
C. T present and prmte the native cuisine.
D. T serve fds with varius health benefits.
【答案】4. D 5. A 6. D 7. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Sean Sherman开办本土特色餐厅的故事。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“After high schl, Sherman started wrking fr the Frest Service. As part f his jb, he had t learn the names f the plants, which raised his curisity abut indigenus (本土的) plants and fds.(高中毕业后，Sherman开始为林务局工作。作为工作的一部分，他必须学习植物的名称，这引起了他对本地植物和食物的好奇心)”可知，Sean Sherman是在林务局工作时开始对本土食物感兴趣。故选D。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中“The mst significant feature f the restaurant is the native ingredients, nne f which is related t Eurpean civilizatins.(餐厅最显著的特点是本地食材，没有一种与欧洲文明有关)”可知，Sherman的餐厅最重要的特色是使用本地食材。故选A。
【6题详解】
词句猜测题。根据划线词下文“There, a lt f peple are really struck by it, because it’s nt typical t be able t g smeplace and see their native fds n the menu, see native peple cking the fd and listen t native music.(在那里，很多人都被它打动了，因为去一个地方，在菜单上看到当地的食物，看到当地人做饭，听当地的音乐，这是不常见的)”可知，此处说的是餐厅的氛围。划线词vibe意为“氛围”。故选D。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中“We shuld have native restaurants in every city t shw the diversity and flavrs f all the different tribes acrss Nrth America and thus have a future where native cuisine is mre widespread, and ingredients are mre familiar and well knwn(我们应该在每个城市都有本土餐厅，以展示北美所有不同部落的多样性和口味，从而有一个本土美食更广泛传播的未来，食材也更熟悉、更广为人知)”可推知，Sherman建议每个城市都应该有本土餐厅，以展示和推广本地美食。故选C。
C
In the 1950s, British histrian Nrtheaster Parkinsn came up with a cncept which was later knwn as Parkinsn’s Law f Triviality. It states that the amunt f time spent discussing an issue in an rganizatin is ppsitely assciated with its actual imprtance.
Parkinsn’s Law f Triviality is als knwn as “bike-shedding (车棚)”, after the stry Parkinsn uses t illustrate it. He asks readers t imagine a financial cmmittee meeting t discuss a three-pint agenda. The pints are as fllws: A prpsal fr a￡10 millin nuclear pwer plant; A prpsal fr a￡350 bike shed; A prpsal fr a￡21 annual cffee budget.
What happens? The cmmittee ends up running thrugh the nuclear pwer plant prpsal in little time. It’s t advanced fr anyne t really dig int the details. The discussin sn mves t the bike shed. Here, everyne’s an expert. In the end, the cmmittee runs ut f time and decides t meet again t cmplete their analysis.
Bike-shedding happens because the smaller a matter is, the mre peple will have an pinin n it, even when there is n genuine value t add. When smething is utside f ur circle f cmpetence, like a nuclear pwer plant, we dn’t even try t express an pinin. But when smething is cmprehensible, everyne wants t shw that they knw abut the tpic at hand.
Hw can we avid bike-shedding? The main thing yu can d is t have a clear purpse. Priya Parker, the authr f The Art f Gathering: Hw We Meet and Why It Matters, says that any successful gathering needs t have a fcused purpse. “Specificity,” she says, “is a crucial element.”
When it cmes t chsing yur list f invitees, Parker writes, “if the purpse f yur meeting is t make a decisin, yu may want t cnsider having fewer cks in the kitchen.” Getting the result yu want - a thughtful, educated discussin abut that pwer plant - depends n having the right peple in the rm.
8. What is Parkinsn’s purpse f presenting the imaginary meeting?
A. T state a fact.B. T clarify a cncept.
C. T make a predictin.D. T make a cmparisn.
9. What can be inferred frm Paragraph 4?
A. The mre yu knw, the less yu speak.
B. What is simple fr yu may be tugh fr thers.
C. What requires mre wrk may get less attentin.
D. The mre yu put in, the better yur result will be.
10. Which is the authr’s suggestin fr a successful meeting?
A Planning befre the meeting.
B. Getting the right peple t the table.
C. Spending less time n the minr issues.
D. Taking different pinins int accunt.
11. What can be a suitable title fr the text?
A. Purpse: The Key t an Effective Meeting
B. Talent: A Crucial Element in Organizatins
C. The Bike Shed Effect: Aviding Small Matters
D. Nuclear Pwer Plant: The Less-knwn Prpsal
【答案】8. B 9. C 10. B 11. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在20世纪50年代，英国历史学家Nrtheaster Parkinsn提出的帕金森琐碎定律。
【8题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段的“Parkinsn’s Law f Triviality is als knwn as “bike-shedding (车棚)”, after the stry Parkinsn uses t illustrate it. He asks readers t imagine a financial cmmittee meeting t discuss a three-pint agenda.(Parkinsn的帕金森琐碎定律也被称为bike-shedding，以帕金森用来说明它的故事命名。他让读者想象一个财务委员会开会讨论三点议程。)”可知，Parkinsn提出假想会议的目的是澄清一个概念。故选B。
【9题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段的“Bike-shedding happens because the smaller a matter is, the mre peple will have an pinin n it, even when there is n real value t add. When smething is utside f ur circle f cmpetence, like a nuclear pwer plant, we dn’t even try t express an pinin. But when smething is understandable everyne wants t shw that they knw abut the tpic at hand.(Bike-shedding会发生，是因为事情越小，就会有越多的人对它发表意见，即使没有什么真正的价值可言。当事情超出我们的能力范围时，比如核电站，我们甚至不会试图表达意见。但是当某件事是可以理解的时候，每个人都想表明他们了解手头的话题。)”可知，需要付出更多努力的事情可能得到的关注更少。故选C。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段的“Getting the result yu want—a thughtful, educated discussin abut that pwer plant—depends n having the right peple in the rm.(想要得到你想要的结果——一场关于电厂的深思熟虑的、有知识的讨论——取决于是否有合适的人在场。)”可知，作者对会议成功的建议是把合适的人请到会议桌前。故选B。
【11题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第四段的“Bike-shedding happens because the smaller a matter is, the mre peple will have an pinin n it, even when there is n real value t add.(Bike-shedding之所以会发生，是因为事情越小，就会有越多的人对它发表意见，即使没有真正的价值可言。)”可知，本文主要介绍的是20世纪50年代，英国历史学家Nrtheaster Parkinsn提出的帕金森琐碎定律，也称为bike-shedding，因此最好的题目是C选项“The Bike Shed Effect: Aviding Small Matters(自行车棚效应：避免小事)”。故选C。
D
Gldfish may seem like simple creatures swimming in a glass tank, but they pssess a rather cmplicated navigatin system, as discvered by researchers at the University f Oxfrd. Led by Dr. Adelaide Sibeaux, the study aims t shed light n ur understanding f hw fish, and ptentially humans, estimate distances using what culd be described as an internal GPS.
Writing in the jurnal Prceedings f the Ryal Sciety B, Sibeaux and clleagues reprt hw they created a tank in their experiment with 2cm-wide black and white vertical stripes (垂直条纹) n the walls, cnnected by similar stripes acrss the flr. The team trained nine gldfish t swim a set distance f 70cm and then return t their starting pint when waved at. The experiment aimed t investigate hw the fish wuld estimate this distance withut any gestures, under different patterns.
Over multiple trials, the gldfish averaged a swim distance f 74cm, give r take 17cm, when presented with the vertical 2cm-wide stripes. Hwever, when the stripe pattern was altered t either narrwer vertical stripes, checked patterns, r hrizntal stripes (水平条纹), the fish’s behavir changed significantly. Narrwer vertical stripes led them t verestimating the distance by 36%, while hrizntal stripes resulted in highly incnsistent estimatins.
Accrding t the researchers, the gldfish appeared t be using an “ptic (光学的) flw mechanism” based n the visual density f their envirnment. They kept track f hw frequently the vertical pattern switched between black and white t estimate hw far they had traveled. The study suggests that different ptic flw mechanisms are used by mammals, including humans, based n angular (有角度的) mtin f visual features. The study implies that the use f visually based distance infrmatin culd have emerged early in the evlutinary timeline.
“This study is nvel because, despite knwing that fish respnd t gemetric infrmatin regarding directin and distance, we dn’t knw hw they estimate distances,” Prfessr Clin Lever, althugh nt invlved in the study, said, “it’s exciting t explre fish spatial mapping because fish navigatin evlved earlier and better than mst mammals.”
12. Why did Dr. Adelaide Sibeaux cnduct the study n gldfish?
A. T test the accuracy f gldfish’s internal GPS.
B. T create an advanced navigatin system fr humans.
C. T uncver hw an inbuilt GPS helps calculate distances.
D. T explre the relatinships between gldfish and humans.
13. What can we learn abut the experiment?
A. Peple gestured the gldfish thrughut the experiment.
B. The tank was decrated with clrful backgrund patterns.
C. Gldfish tended t underestimate distances with hrizntal stripes.
D. The change in the tank setting led t the gldfish’s incrrect judgment.
14. What can be cncluded frm paragraph 4?
A. Optic flw mechanism is unique t humans.
B. Mammals develped flw mechanism lng befre gldfish.
C. Gldfish evaluated the distance with multidimensinal visual infrmatin.
D. Visual density f the envirnment strengthened the lcating ability f gldfish.
15. What attitude des Prfessr Clin hld twards the study?
A. Objective.B. Ambiguus.C. Disapprving.D. Favrable.
【答案】12. C 13. D 14. C 15. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文，科学研究旨在阐明我们对鱼类如何使用内部GPS估计距离的理解。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“the study aims t shed light n ur understanding f hw fish, and ptentially humans, estimate distances using what culd be described as an internal GPS.(这项研究旨在阐明我们对鱼类以及潜在的人类如何利用一种可以被称为内部GPS的东西来估计距离的理解)”可知，这项研究旨在揭示内置GPS如何帮助计算距离。故选C。
【13题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段“Hwever, when the stripe pattern was altered t either narrwer vertical stripes, checked patterns, r hrizntal stripes (水平条纹), the fish’s behavir changed significantly. Narrwer vertical stripes led them t verestimating the distance by 36%, while hrizntal stripes resulted in highly incnsistent estimatins.(然而，当条纹图案被改变为更窄的垂直条纹、格子图案或水平条纹时，鱼的行为发生了显著变化。较窄的垂直条纹导致他们高估了36%的距离，而水平条纹导致高度不一致的估计)”可知，鱼缸条纹改变后，鱼对距离的估算不准确了。故选D。
【14题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段中“Accrding t the researchers, the gldfish appeared t be using an ‘ptic (光学的) flw mechanism’ based n the visual density f their envirnment. They kept track f hw frequently the vertical pattern switched between black and white t estimate hw far they had traveled. The study suggests that different ptic flw mechanisms are used by mammals, including humans, based n angular (有角度的) mtin f visual features.(根据研究人员的说法，金鱼似乎使用了一种基于环境视觉密度的‘光学流动机制’。他们记录了垂直图案在黑色和白色之间切换的频率，以估计它们走了多远。这项研究表明，包括人类在内的哺乳动物使用不同的光流机制，这是基于视觉特征的角度运动)”可知，此处进一步阐明金鱼估计距离的原理，金鱼利用多维视觉信息来评估距离。故选C。
【15题详解】
推理判断题。推理判断题。根据最后一段“This study is nvel because, despite knwing that fish respnd t gemetric infrmatin regarding directin and distance, we dn’t knw hw they estimate distances,” Prfessr Clin Lever, althugh nt invlved in the study, said, “it’s exciting t explre fish spatial mapping because fish navigatin evlved earlier and better than mst mammals.”(“这项研究是新颖的，因为尽管我们知道鱼类对方向和距离的几何信息有反应，但我们不知道它们是如何估计距离的，”科林·利弗教授说，尽管他没有参与这项研究，“探索鱼类的空间映射是令人兴奋的，因为鱼类的导航进化得比大多数哺乳动物更早，也更好。”)”可知，科林教授认为这项研究是令人兴奋的，所以是赞许的”可知，Clin教授对该研究的态度是积极地，赞成的。故选D。
第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
A garden is a prject that ften requires a fairly large initial investment f bth time and mney frm the start—as well as a cmmitment t maintain it. ____16____. Thse wh like their hme garden find it rewarding bth as a place t relax, and as a fun and healthy hbby.
If yu’re lucky enugh t have a backyard, yu can imagine the enjyment yu’d receive frm changing that dusty, weedy dead space int a green, relaxing envirnment. ____17____. With regular, lw-level maintenance it will cntinue t thrive(茁壮成长）and prvide yu with pleasure.
S, hw can yu build a pleasant hme garden? Sme clever gardeners use drught-resistant plants such as cacti(仙人掌), and a little bit f watering and inspiratin t prduce spaces that are bth relaxing and pleasing t the eye. ____18____.
____19____. If yu put in the plants and walkways yurself, it will be gd fr yur health. Many peple find that spending a while digging hles fr trees r pulling weeds is easier t stmach than half an hur n a running machine, and wh can blame them? It might take a while t see the fitness results, but a few days’ wrk can literally transfrm yur yard.
There are many ppular hme garden bks and magazines. ____20____, as many bks cntain detailed plans fr cmplex prjects. Use these resurces as a starting pint and put tgether smething uniquely yurs—within the limits f yur time and budget.
A. A trip t the library can help yu get started
B. Hwever, it is a deserving challenge fr many peple
C. A hme garden can be a gd wrkut as well as a place t relax
D. The shape f the space is ften as imprtant as its cntents r size
E. Sme d it fr exercise and spend a little time utdrs n a sunny day
F. N matter what the circumstances, it’s pssible t create a lvely hme garden
G. Many gardeners als enjy emplying tuches such as stne paths t create a nice atmsphere
【答案】16. B 17. F 18. G 19. C 20. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是篇说明文。文章给对家庭花园有兴趣的读者提供了一些有益的建议，指导他们该从哪些方面着手营建自己的花园。
【16题详解】
根据上一句“A garden is a prject that ften requires a fairly large initial investment f bth time and mney frm the start—as well as a cmmitment t maintain it.”（一个花园是一个通常需要从一开始就投入相当大时间和金钱的项目，还要有维护它的承诺。）和下一句“Thse wh like their hme garden find it rewarding bth as a place t relax, and as a fun and healthy hbby.”（那些喜欢自家花园的人发现它作为一个放松的地方，和一个有趣而健康的爱好是很值得的。）可知，上一句提到花园需要大量时间和金钱来维护，下一句却指出了它的好处，故前后之间为转折关系；故选项B. Hwever, it is a deserving challenge fr many peple（然而，对许多人来说，这是一个值得的挑战）承上启下，说明了虽然维护花园需要投入大量的时间和金钱，但这种挑战却是值得的，它为人们提供了放松的地方，带来了乐趣和健康。故选B。
【17题详解】
根据上一句“If yu’re lucky enugh t have a backyard, yu can imagine the enjyment yu’d receive frm changing that dusty, weedy dead space int a green, relaxing envirnment.”（如果你足够幸运，有一个后院，你可以想象一下，把那个尘土飞扬、杂草丛生的死角变成一个绿色、放松的环境，你会得到什么样的享受。），选项F. N matter what the circumstances, it’s pssible t create a lvely hme garden（无论在什么情况下，都有可能创造一个可爱的家庭花园）对上句作出了回答，你是有可能把后院改造成一个可爱的家庭花园的，承接上文；下一句“With regular, lw-level maintenance it will cntinue t thrive(茁壮成长）and prvide yu with pleasure.”（通过定期的低水平维护，它将继续茁壮成长并为您提供乐趣。）中的“it”指代选项F中的“a lvely hme garden”，语意连贯，衔接合理。故选F。
【18题详解】
根据上一句“Sme clever gardeners use drught-resistant plants such as cacti(仙人掌), and a little bit f watering and inspiratin t prduce spaces that are bth relaxing and pleasing t the eye.”（一些聪明的园丁使用抗旱植物，如仙人掌，再加上一点点浇水和灵感，创造出既放松又赏心悦目的空间。）可知，该句描述了一些园丁建造宜人的家庭花园的方法；选项G. Many gardeners als enjy emplying tuches such as stne paths t create a nice atmsphere（许多园丁也喜欢使用石头小径来创造良好的氛围）补充说明了其他一些园丁建造的方法，语意衔接合理，符合段落主题。故选G。
【19题详解】
空处为段落主题句。根据下一句“If yu put in the plants and walkways yurself, it will be gd fr yur health.”（如果你自己放入植物、铺人行道，这对你的健康有好处。）和第四段内容可知，该段主要是描述了园艺对健康的好处；选项C. A hme garden can be a gd wrkut as well as a place t relax（一个家庭花园可以是一个很好的锻炼和放松的地方）概括表达了家庭花园对身心健康都有帮助，符合该段主题。故选C。
【20题详解】
根据上一句“There are many ppular hme garden bks and magazines.”（有许多流行的家庭园艺书籍和杂志。），选项A. A trip t the library can help yu get started（去一趟图书馆可以帮助你开始）进一步提出可以通过去图书馆阅读那些流行的园艺书籍和杂志，承接上文；下一句“as many bks cntain detailed plans fr cmplex prjects.”（因为许多书都包含复杂项目的详细计划。）具体解释了阅读这些图书的意义，符合语境。故选A。
第二部分：语言运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Brn with n right leg, Anthny Rbles, ne f the best wrestlers in the NCAA, started wrestling when he was in high schl. When his cusin first ____21____ him t wrestling, Rbles wasn’t a/an ____22____. Hwever, he gradually fell in lve with it and he has been ding it ever since .
While sme peple might have ____23____ his decisin t take n the sprt, his family was a huge ____24____ f supprt and encuragement. He said: “They ____25____ in me frm a yung age that I culd d whatever I ____26____ my mind t. “They didn’t give me any special ____27____. They raised me like thers.”
While the physical aspects f the sprt seemed t be the mst challenging part, at ne pint Rbles realized he needed t be ____28____ tugher. After ____29____ seventh at natinals in his junir year, he tk a ____30____ frm wrestling fr a little while. He said. “I was ____31____. That really just helped me t mentally get back t the sprt.”
Then came the last match. Rbles was s scared that he was almst starting t cry. When he defeated defending natinal champin 7-1, the ____32____ were quite different. “I culdn’t even ____33____ it.” He said, “It was just a great experience.”
Nw Rbles is ready fr the next page in his life, “I really want t help ther peple achieve things in their lives that thers might say are ____34____.” Rbles plans t put his amazing attitude and energy t ____35____ as a mtivatinal (激励) speaker.
21. A. shwedB. recmmendedC. intrducedD. attracted
22. A. partnerB. fanC. masterD. audience
23. A. questinedB. admiredC. hnredD. affected
24. A. amuntB. surceC. fldD. supply
25. A. plantedB. breathedC. deliveredD. registered
26. A. exchangeB. imprveC. buryD. apply
27. A. effectB. creditC. cnfidenceD. treatment
28. A. graduallyB. bviuslyC. frmallyD. mentally
29. A. succeedingB. gingC. finishingD. becming
30. A. breakB. jbC. busD. flight
31. A. cut utB. left utC. stressed utD. checked ut
32. A. decisinsB. emtinsC. apprachesD. gals
33. A. impressedB. cncentratedC. designD. believe
34. A. uselessB. extraC. cnfusingD. impssible
35. A. restB. placeC. useD. test
【答案】21. C 22. B 23. A 24. B 25. A 26. D 27. D 28. D 29. C 30. A 31. C 32. B 33. D 34. D 35. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了美国大学生体育协会最好的摔跤手之一Anthny Rbles的励志故事。
【21题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：当他的表弟第一次向他介绍摔跤时，Rbles并不喜欢。A. shwed展示；B. recmmended推荐；C. intrduced介绍；D. attracted吸引。结合“first”及语境可知，此处指别人第一次向他介绍摔跤，故选C。
【22题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. partner同伴；B. fan迷，狂热爱好者；C. master大师；D. audience观众。根据下文的转折“Hwever, he gradually fell in lve with it”可知，此处表示他并不是摔跤迷，即他并不喜欢摔跤，故选B。
【23题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：虽然有些人可能会质疑他从事这项运动的决定，但他的家人是支持和鼓励的巨大来源。A. questined质询，怀疑；B. admired钦佩；C. hnred尊敬，尊重；D. affected影响。结合While表示的转折意义以及下文“supprt and encuragement”可知，此处指别人质疑他的决定，故选A。
【24题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. amunt数量；B. surce来源；C. fld洪水；D. supply供应。结合“his family”以及“supprt and encuragement”可知，此处指他的家人支持和鼓励他，即支持和鼓励来源于他的家人，故选B。
【25题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他说：“他们在我很小的时候就告诉我，我可以做任何我想做的事。”A. planted(使思想、信念等)根植于；B. breathed呼吸；C. delivered递送；D. registered登记，注册。结合语境及“frm a yung age”可知，此处指小时候父母教导Rbles，故选A。
【26题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. exchange交换；B. imprve提高，改善；C. bury埋葬；D. apply申请。上文提到家人支持和鼓励他，结合“I culd d whatever”可知，此处指“我可以做任何我想做的事”，固定搭配apply ne’s mind t“专心于”，故选D。
【27题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们没有给我任何特殊对待。A. effect影响；B. credit信誉；C. cnfidence自信；D. treatment对待。根据下文“They raised me like thers.”可知，虽然Rbles天生残疾，但是父母并没有对他区别对待，故选D。
【28题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：虽然这项运动的身体方面似乎是最具挑战性的部分，但Rbles一度意识到他需要在精神上更坚强。A. gradually逐渐地；B. bviusly明显地；C. frmally正式地；D. mentally精神上。此处和上文“physical aspects”形成对比，指精神方面，故选D。
【29题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：大三时，他在全国比赛中获得第七名，之后他暂时放弃了摔跤。A. succeeding成功；B. ging去；C. finishing(赛跑、竞赛)得……名，获得……成绩；D. becming变成。根据“seventh at natinals”可知，此处指在全国比赛中获得第七名，故选C。
【30题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. break休息；B. jb工作；C. bus公交车；D. flight航班。根据下文“get back t the sprt”可知，他暂时休息一段时间，故选A。
31题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：他说：“我压力很大。”A. cut ut切断；B. left ut遗漏，省略；C. stressed ut有压力的；D. checked ut退房。根据上文“Rbles realized he needed t be ____8____ tugher”以及下文“That really just helped me t mentally get back t the sprt.(这真的帮助我在精神上重新回到这项运动中)”可知，他精神压力很大，故选C。
【32题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：当他以7比1击败卫冕冠军时，情绪截然不同。A. decisins决定；B. emtins情绪；C. appraches方法；D. gals目标。根据上文“Rbles was s scared”可知，Rbles很害怕，结合下文“It was just a great experience.(这是一次很棒的经历)”可知，他的情绪变得不同，故选B。
【33题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：“我简直不敢相信。”他说：“这是一次很棒经历。”A. impressed给……留下深刻印象；B. cncentrated集中；C. design设计；D. believe相信。根据上文“Rbles was s scared that he was almst starting t cry.”可知，Rbles害怕得几乎要哭了，结合下文“It was just a great experience.(这是一次很棒的经历)”可知，此处指简直不敢相信，故选D。
【34题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：现在，Rbles已经准备好翻开人生的新篇章，“我真的很想帮助别人实现那些别人可能认为不可能实现的事情。”A. useless无用的；B. extra额外的；C. cnfusing令人困惑的；D. impssible不可能的。结合上文“While sme peple might have ____3____ his decisin t take n the sprt”可知，别人曾经质疑他从事摔跤运动的决定，故此处指“别人可能认为不可能实现的事情”，故选D。
【35题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：作为一名励志演说家，Rbles计划利用他惊人的态度和精力。A. rest休息；B. place地方；C. use使用；D. test测试。结合上文“I really want t help ther peple achieve things…”可知，Rbles想要帮助人们，故此处指利用他惊人的态度和精力去做演讲，固定搭配put…t use“利用，把……投入使用”，故选C。
第二节 （共10小题，每小题1. 5分，共15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Over 400 pieces r sets f Dehua white prcelain (德化白瓷) are n display in the Natinal Museum f China in Beijing, with the exhibitin ____36____ (run) frm Aug 26 fr three mnths.
Dehua white prcelain is famus fr its pure white clr. Accrding t Chen Cha, ____37____ artist dedicated t prcelain research, Dehua prcelain is ____38____ (extrardinary) pure and white because the kalin (高岭土) in Dehua cunty in Fujian has a lw percentage f irn, ____39____ (make) the prcelain stainless (无瑕的) like white jade.
Sitting in Quanzhu city, ____40____ the ancient Maritime Silk Rad started, Dehua white prcelain ____41____ (sell) well at hme and abrad since the Sng Dynasty (960-1279). In 2006, Dehua white prcelain was listed as a natinal intangible cultural heritage.
____42____ the past glries, Dehua craftsmen (工匠) never stp refining (精进) their skills. One ____43____ (impress) skill is “the eggshell technique” (薄胎技艺). Chen said that it is just ne f the ____44____ (achievement) that Chinese prcelain craftsmen have made n the lng path f innvatin.
“Cmbining traditinal Chinese artistic skills with mdern disciplines (学科), we will create even mre utstanding wrks ____45____ (increase) the cultural cnfidence f the Chinese peple.” said Chen.
【答案】36. running
37. an 38. extrardinarily
39. making 40. where
41. has sld
42. Despite
43. impressive
44. achievements
45. t increase##increasing
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文，本文介绍了中国非物质文化遗产德化白瓷。
【36题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：北京中国国家博物馆展出了400多件或套德化白瓷，展览从8月26日开始，为期三个月。此处是with的复合结构“with+宾语+宾补”，动词run和宾语the exhibitin之间是主谓关系，应用现在分词作宾补，故填running。
【37题详解】
考查冠词。句意：据从事瓷器研究的艺术家陈超介绍，由于福建德化县的高岭土中铁的含量很低，使得德化瓷异常纯净洁白，像白玉一样洁白无瑕。artist是可数名词，此处表示泛指，应用不定冠词，且artist是以元音音素开头，故填an。
【38题详解】
考查副词。句意：同上。空处修饰形容词pure，应用副词形式，故填extrardinarily。
【39题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：同上。make的逻辑主语是前面的句子，两者之间是主谓关系，应用现在分词作状语，故填making。
【40题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：坐落在古代海上丝绸之路起源地泉州的德化白瓷，自宋朝（960-1279）起就畅销国内外。空处引导定语从句，先行词是Quanzhu city，关系词在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导，故填where。
【41题详解】
考查时态和主谓一致。句意：同上。根据时间状语“since the Sng Dynasty (960-1279)”可知，句子使用现在完成时，主语Dehua white prcelain表示单数意义，故填has sld。
【42题详解】
考查介词。句意：尽管有过去的辉煌，但德化工匠从未停止磨练他们的技能。结合句意可知，此处表示让步，使用介词despite“尽管”，首字母应大写，故填Despite。
【43题详解】
考查形容词。句意：一项令人印象深刻的技能是“薄胎技艺”。空处应填形容词作定语，修饰名词skill，故填impressive。
【44题详解】
考查名词复数。句意：陈说，这只是中国陶瓷工匠在漫长的创新道路上取得的成就之一。ne f后接可数名词复数，表示“……之一”，故填achievements。
【45题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：“将中国传统艺术技巧与现代学科相结合，我们将创造出更多优秀的作品，以增强中国人的文化自信/我们将创造出更多增强中国人文化自信的优秀作品。”陈说。此处表示目的，应用动词不定式作目的状语；空处也可理解为后置定语，increase和wrks之间是主谓关系，使用现在分词作后置定语，故填t increase/increasing。
第三部分 写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（满分15分）
46. 假定你是李华，你的英国笔友Peter在来信中提到，他要开设一门选修课来帮助英国学生更好地了解中国文化，请给他回信，内容包括：
1. 你对选修课的建议及理由；
2. 你的祝愿。
注意：
1. 写作词数应为 80 左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear Peter,
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yurs,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Peter,
I’m glad t hear frm yu and that yu are interested in Chinese culture. Nw that yu ask fr my advice n the selective curse, I’ll recmmend yu t chse the curse abut Chinese ancient petry. The reasns are as fllws.
First, petry weaves rich wrds and prfund meaning int ne. It is nt merely a frm f literature, it is als a gateway t understanding the sul f China. Mrever, petry ffers a unique perspective n Chinese sciety and culture. Thrugh petry, we gain insights int the beauty f Chinese art, music, and literature. Lastly, Chinese petry is nt just wrds n a page but als it is a living, breathing heritage. It is an essential part f understanding China’s rich cultural heritage and its influence n the wrld. I believe it will aruse yur interest in Chinese Culture.
I hpe yu find my ideas useful and best wishes t yur selective curse.
Yurs,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给英国笔友Peter回信，说明对选修课的建议及理由，并表达祝愿。
【详解】1.词汇积累
高兴的：glad→delighted
建议：advice→suggestin
此外：mrever→what’s mre
影响：influence→impact
2.句式拓展
合并简单句
原句：Mrever, petry ffers a unique perspective n Chinese sciety and culture. Thrugh petry, we gain insights int the beauty f Chinese art, music, and literature.
拓展句：Mrever, petry ffers a unique perspective n Chinese sciety and culture, thrugh which we gain insights int the beauty f Chinese art, music, and literature.
【点睛】【高分句型1】Nw that yu ask fr my advice n the selective curse, I’ll recmmend yu t chse the curse abut Chinese ancient petry.（运用了nw that引导的原因状语从句）
【高分句型2】I believe it will aruse yur interest in Chinese Culture.（运用了省略that的宾语从句）
第二节（满分25分）
47. 阅读下面短文, 根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
They’d been planning this frever. Frm her birth, mst likely. Mya's mther, Helena lved hsting parties. And Aunt Beatrice lved birthdays. Tgether, they'd make her Sweet Sixteen a hundred times bigger, blder, and brighter than it needed t be. They selected a theme every year and stuck t it. Her furteenth had been the “Snw White” and her ninth had been the “Frzen”. They never tld her what the theme was the day befre. She'd just wake up her birthday mrning, a brand new birthday utfit (一套服装) laid neatly n her dresser (an utfit related t the theme, f curse) and she wuld pen her dr t see the adventure that lay ahead f her that day.
Mya had a few guesses as t what this year’s theme wuld be. A play n the wrds “Sweet Sixteen” was likely — a candy themed party, perhaps? But she’d had a baking party a few years ag — and Helena was anything but repetitive. Mya didn't have any interest in cars, s she dubted a sprts-car party was n the menu. She’d tried t lk thrugh her mther’s purchase histry nline, but her mther had been careful enugh t delete everything recent. S the nly clue left was the birthday utfit she wuld receive the next mrning.
May 1st, Mya wke. The bright sunlight begged her eyes t pen and she lved the day that her birthday tk place. It was always nice ut n May 1st and it never rained. This mrning was n different than her previus birthdays. She sat up in her bed and lked t her dresser befre slipping ut f bed and inspecting the utfit. She unflded it and held it against her bdy, seeing hw it was like. It reached dwn, just abve the ankle. Mya dressed, eyed herself in the mirrr and fund it was nt s much a pretty utfit as she had received befre. It was ttally ne fr blue-cllar wrkers!
注意：1. 续写词数应为150左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Suddenly her thughts were interrupted by a knck.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
With everything dne, her face shne with a sweet smile.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】例文1:
Suddenly, her thughts were interrupted by a knck. Helena walked in. “What is my birthday theme this year, mum?” Mya asked. “Labr!” Helena answered in a firm vice. “But I was expecting a party!” her vice sunded shaky. Oh, hw culd she frget she was brn n Labr’s Day! Mya’s feet brught her small steps t fllw Helena t the van. On arriving at a farm, she nticed the vast land f wheat spreading ver the hrizn that made a splendid view itself. Their jb was t remve the weeds.
With everything dne, her face shne with a sweet smile. Several drps f sweat traced a path n her red and pink cheeks and she turned t Helena: “this is nt bad, mum and I feel I’ve grwn up enugh t help yu with smething.” Helena pulled Mya int her arms and planted a big kiss n her frehead. The sun in May was shining brighter than ever like a fire ball. Picturing the gd harvest f this year, they hit the rad with a happy birthday sng eching in the van.
例文 2:
Suddenly, her thughts were interrupted by a knck. “Is the birthday girl up?” Helena asked. Mya pened her bedrm dr and surprisingly fund they lked the same! Lking at Mya’s surprised face, Helena grinned and led her t the kitchen. There was n meal n the table. “Let’s prepare fr the party tgether this time.” Aunt Beatrice said gladly dressed in the same utfit. It suddenly ccurred t Mya that the theme this year was suppsed t be “Sweet Labr, Sweet Sixteen”.
With everything dne, her face shne with a sweet smile. Lking arund the living rm, Mya felt the happiness brught by labr the first time. “Happy Birthday!” Mya turned arund in surprise. All f her friends jumped ut f any hiding spts with everyne wearing the same utfit. They enjyed the party and cleaned up tgether afterwards. Tired as Mya was, she pulled Helena and Beatrice int a hug tightly, saying “this is the best sweet sixteen ever.”
【解析】
【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，主要讲的是Mya的妈妈和阿姨喜欢为她办生日派对，Mya一直在猜测她16岁生日派对的主题，可是没有结果，只能等生日那天早上看梳妆台上的衣服，那天早上她穿上衣服后发现自己完全是一个蓝领工人。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“突然，敲门声打断了她的思绪。”可知，第一段可描写Mya的妈妈告诉Mya今年生日的主题。
②由第二段首句内容“一切都做完了，她的脸上露出了甜蜜的微笑。”可知，第二段可描写Mya劳动后的感受。
2.续写线索：告知主题——到农场劳动——劳动后的感受——回家
3.词汇激活
行为类
①回答：answer/respnd
②到达：arrive at/get t
③掠过：trace a path/skim ver
情绪类
①坚定的：firm/determined
②糟糕的：bad/terrible
【点睛】[高分句型1]Oh, hw culd she frget she was brn n Labr’s Day!(由that引导的宾语从句，省略了that)
[高分句型2]On arriving at a farm, she nticed the vast land f wheat spreading ver the hrizn that made a splendid view itself.（由关系代词that引导的限制性定语从句）
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