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    专题09 语法填空-五年 高考英语真题分项详解(全国通用)(原卷版+解析版)

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    专题09 语法填空-五年 高考英语真题分项详解(全国通用)(原卷版+解析版)

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    这是一份专题09 语法填空-五年 高考英语真题分项详解(全国通用)(原卷版+解析版),文件包含专题09语法填空-五年2017-2021高考英语真题分项详解全国通用原卷版doc、专题09语法填空-五年2017-2021高考英语真题分项详解全国通用解析版doc等2份试卷配套教学资源,其中试卷共52页, 欢迎下载使用。
    1.(2021年新高考I卷)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
    Ging t Munt Huangshan reminds me f the ppular Beatles’ sng“The Lng and Winding Rad”. ____56____is s breathtaking abut the experience is the ut-f-this-wrld scenes. The rlling sea f cluds yu see nce yu are at the tp will remind yu hw tiny we ____57____ (human) are.
    The ht spring at the ft f the muntain is smething yu must try after the climb. It will ____58____(undubted) help yu get refreshed! The amazing thing abut the spring is that the clder the temperature gets, the ____59____ (ht) the spring! Strange, isn’t it? But that’s hw nature is — always leaving us ____60____(astnish).
    What cmes next is the endless series f steps. Yu can’t help wndering hw hard it ____61____ (be) fr the peple then t put all thse rcks int place. Thugh it is the nly unnatural thing n yur way up the muntain, still it highlights the whle adventure ____62____ffers a place where yu can sit dwn t rest yur ____63____ (ache) legs.
    As the sng ges, this lng and winding rad “will never disappear”, and it will always stick in the visitr’s memry. It sure des in ____64____(I).While yu’re in China, Munt Huangshan is ____65____ must t visit!
    【答案】56. What
    humans
    58. undubtedly
    59. htter
    60. astnished
    61. was
    62. and
    63. aching
    64. mine
    65. a
    【解析】本文属于说明文。文章介绍黄山的三种代表性的事物——云海,温泉以及台阶。
    【56题】考查主语从句。句意:这次经历的惊人之处在于这世界之外的景色。此处是主语从句,从句缺乏主语,应用what引导,指代“经历的事情”。故填What。
    【57题】考查名词复数。句意:当你站在黄山山顶看见波涛汹涌般的云海,你会想到我们人类是多么的渺小。human是we的同位语,we为复数,应用human的复数形式。故填humans。
    【58题】考查副词。句意:它无疑会帮助你恢复精神!修饰动词help,应用副词undubtedly“毫无疑问地”。故填undubtedly。
    【59题】考查形容词比较级。句意:关于黄山温泉让人惊讶的是,气温越低,温泉越暖和。此处是固定结构“the +比较级,the+比较级”,意为“越……,越……”。故填htter。
    【60题】考查形容词。句意:但大自然就是这样——总是让我们惊讶。此处是“leave +宾语+宾语补足语”,补充说明宾语us的感受,应用-ed结尾形容词。故填astnished。
    【61题】考查一般过去时。句意:你不禁会想,对当时的人们来说,把这些石头都安置好有多难。分析句子可知,“hw hard it 61 (be) fr the peple then t put all thse rcks int place”作wnder的宾语,it是从句的形式主语,不定式为真正主语,谓语动词用单数形式,安置台阶的石头为陈述过去的事情,应用一般过去时。故填was。
    【62题】考查连词。句意:虽然在上山的路上,这是唯一不自然的事情,但它仍然突出了整个冒险,并且提供了一个你可以坐下来休息你疼痛的双腿的地方。分析句子可知,“highlights the whle adventure”与“ffers a place”部分为并列关系,都是作it的谓语,故用并列连词and。
    【63题】考查形容词。句意:虽然在上山的路上,这是唯一不自然的事情,但它仍然突出了整个冒险,并且提供了一个你可以坐下来休息你疼痛的双腿的地方。分析句子及语境可知,此处应用形容词aching“疼痛的”修饰名词legs,意为“疼痛的双腿”。故填aching。
    【64题】考查代词。句意:正如歌中所唱,这条漫长而曲折的道路“永远不会消失”,它将永远留在游客的记忆中。对我来说确实如此。根据前一句“it will always stick in the visitr's memry”可知,本句为des指代前一句的stick,本句缺乏宾语,应用名词性物主代词mine指代my memry。故填mine。
    【65题】考查冠词。句意:当你在中国的时候,黄山是一个你一定要去的地方。must作名词时,意为“绝对必要的事物”,为可数名词,此处泛指“一个必须去的地方”,应用不定冠词,must是以辅音音素开头的词,应用a。故填a。
    2.(2021年全国甲卷)The Xi'an City Wall is the mst cmplete city wall that has survived China's lng histry. It ___41___ (build) riginally t prtect the city ___42___ the Tang dynasty and has nw been cmpletely restred (修复). It is pssible ___43___ (walk) r bike the entire 14 kilmeters.
    We accessed the wall thrugh the Suth Gate. The wall is 12 meters high and frm here yu can see streams f peple mving inside and utside the City Wall.
    After ___44___ (spend) sme time lking at all the defensive equipment at the wall, we decided it was time fr sme actin and what ___45___ (gd) than t ride n a piece f histry!
    We ___46___ (hire) ur bikes frm the rental place at the Suth Gate. My bike was ld and shaky ___47___ did the jb. It tk us abut 3 hurs t g all ___48___ way arund the Xi'an City Wall. Suppsedly yu can d it in tw hurs, but we stpped at the different gates and ___49___ (watchtwer) t fake pictures r just t watch the lcal peple ging abut their ____50____ (day) rutines.
    【答案】41. was built
    in
    43. t walk
    44. spending
    45. better
    46. hired
    47. but
    48. the
    49. watchtwers
    50. daily
    【解析】
    【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了作者游览西安长城的活动。
    【41题】考查被动语态。句意:它最初是为了保护唐代的城市而建造的,现在已经完全修复了。分析句子可知,空格处为谓语,动词build和主语之间是被动关系,应用被动语态(be dne),根据句意和时间状语the Tang dynasty可知,用一般过去时,谓语动词用过去式,主语it为第三人称单数,主谓一致,故填was built。
    【42题】考查介词。句意:它最初是为了保护唐代的城市而建造的,现在已经完全修复了。根据句意可知,表示“在某个朝代”应用介词in。故填in。
    【43题】考查动词不定式。句意:在观察了城墙上所有的防御设备后,我们决定是时候采取行动了,还有什么比骑在历史上更好的呢。分析句子可知,此处为句型“it +be+adj+t d sth.”,it为形式主语,动词walk的不定式短语作真正主语。故填t walk。
    【44题】考查动名词。句意:在花了一些时间查看了城墙上所有的防御设备之后,我们决定是时候采取一些行动了,还有什么比骑在历史上更好的呢。分析句子可知,此处After为介词,故spend应用其动名词形式作介词宾语。故填spending。
    【45题】考查形容词比较级。句意:在花了一些时间查看了城墙上所有的防御设备之后,我们决定是时候采取一些行动了,还有什么比骑在历史上更好的呢。根据后文比较连(介)词than可知,此处应用形容词gd的比较级。故填better。
    【46题】考查时态。句意:我们从南门的租赁处租了自行车。分析句子可知,此处为谓语动词,根据上下文可知,此处描述过去发生的事情,用一般过去时,谓语动词用过去式。故填hired。
    【47题】考查连词。句意:我的自行车又旧又摇摇晃晃,但还可以骑。后文did the jb和前文My bike was ld and shaky之间存在转折关系,故用表示转折的连词but连接。故填but。
    【48题】考查冠词。句意:我们绕着西安城墙走了大约3个小时。结合句意表示“一直;完全地”可知短语为all the way,故用定冠词the限定名词way。故填the。
    【49题】考查名词复数。句意:据说你可以在两个小时内完成,但我们在不同的大门和了望台停下来拍照,或者只是看当地人进行他们的日常生活。根据句意以及前文形容词different可知,此处可数名词watchtwer是复数概念,应用其复数形式。故填watchtwers。
    【50题】考查形容词。句意:据说你可以在两个小时内完成,但我们在不同的大门和了望台停下来拍照,或者只是看当地人进行他们的日常生活。修饰后文名词rutines应用day的形容词daily,作定语,修饰名词。故填daily。
    3.(2021年全国乙卷)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
    Ecturism is cmmnly regarded as lw impact(影响)travel t undisturbed places. It is different frm traditinal turism because it allws the traveler t becme ___61___ (educate)abut the areas - bth in terms f gegraphical cnditins and cultural characteristics, and ften prvides mney fr cnservatin and benefits the ___62___(develp)f the lcal areas.
    Ecturism has ___63___(it)rigin with the envirnmental mvement f the 1970s. It was nt widely accepted as a travel cncept ___64___ the late 1980s. During that time, increasing envirnmental awareness made it desirable.
    Due t ___65___ grwing ppularity f envirnmentally-related and adventure travel, varius types ___66___ trips are nw being classified as ecturism. Actually, a true ec-friendly trip must meet the fllwing principles:
    ·Minimize the impact f ___67___(visit)the place.
    ·Build respect fr and awareness f the envirnment and cultural practices.
    ·Prvide ___68___(finance)aid and ther benefits fr lcal peples.
    ·Make sure that the turism prvides experiences fr bth the visitrs and the hsts.
    Kmd Natinal Park, fficially recgnized in 1980, is ppular fr ecturism because f its unique bidiversity.___69___(activity)there range frm whale watching t hiking(远足)and accmmdatins aim ____70____(have) a lw impact n the natural envirnment.
    【答案】61. educated
    62. develpment
    63. its
    64. until
    65. the
    66. f
    67. visiting
    68. financial
    69. activities
    70. t have
    【解析】
    【分析】这是一篇说明文。主要讲述生态旅游通常被认为是到原始地区的低影响旅游。但是由于与环境相关的探险旅行越来越受欢迎,各种各样的旅行现在被归类为生态旅游。实际上,生态旅游必须满足一些规定。
    【61题】考查形容词。句意:这不同于传统的旅游,因为它能让旅行者了解这个地区——无论是地理环境还是文化特色,并且经常为环境保护提供资金,并有利于当地的发展。分析句子成分可知,此处查固定搭配becme educated abut表示“对……有所了解”。故填educated。
    【62题】考查名词。句意:这不同于传统的旅游,因为它能让旅行者了解这个地区——无论是地理环境还是文化特色,并且经常为环境保护提供资金,并有利于当地的发展。根据空格前的定冠词the可知,此处填入名词develpment来做动词benefits的宾语。故填develpment。
    【63题】考查代词。句意:生态旅游起源于20世纪70年代的环境运动。根据空格后名词rigin可知,此处形容词性物主代词来修饰名词rigin。故填its。
    【64题】考查固定句型。句意:直到20世纪80年代晚期才作为旅游观念被广泛接受。根据句意可知,此处表示“直到20世纪80年代晚期才作为旅游观念被广泛接受”,表示“直到……才……”使用固定句型“nt……until……”。故填until。
    【65题】考查冠词。句意:由于与环境相关的探险旅行越来越受欢迎,各种各样的旅行现在被归类为生态旅游。分析句子结构可知,空格处应填冠词。再结合空格后“grwing ppularity f envirnmental-related and adventure travel”可知,此处特指与环境相关的探险旅行越来越受欢迎,所以应填定冠词the。故填the。
    【66题】考查介词。句意:由于与环境相关的探险旅行越来越受欢迎,各种各样的旅行现在被归类为生态旅游。varius types f 为固定搭配表示“各种各样的”,所以空格处应填f。故填f。
    【67题】考查动名词。句意:最大限度地减少拜访这个地方的影响。根据空格前介词f可知,空格处应填动名词形式来作介词f的宾语。故填visiting。
    【68题】考查形容词。句意:为当地人民提供财政援助和其他福利。根据空后名词aid可知,空格处应填形容词来修饰名词aid,finance的形容词形式为financial。故填financial。
    【69题】考查名词。句意:那里的活动从观鲸到徒步旅行并且住宿宗旨是对自然环境影响达到很小。根据谓语动词range可知,空格处应填用可数名词activity的复数形式作主语。故填activities。
    【70题】考查非谓语动词。句意:那里的活动从观鲸到徒步旅行并且住宿宗旨是对自然环境影响达到很小。固定短语aim t d译为“旨在,目的是”。故填t have。
    4.(2021年1月浙江卷)阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
    In a study f 33 years f trends in Bdy Mass Index (体重指数) acrss 200 cuntries, the scientists fund that peple wrldwide are getting heavier 28. that mst f the rise is due t gains in BMI in rural areas.
    BMI is an internatinally recgnized measurement tl 29. gives an indicatin f whether smene is a healthy weight. It is calculated by dividing a 30. (persn) weight in kg by their height in meters squared. and a BMI f between 19 and 25 31. (cnsider) healthy.
    The study fund that between 1985 and 2017, average rural BMI increased 32. 2. 1 in wmen and men. In cities, hwever, the gain 33. (be) 1. 3 in wmen and 1. 6 in men. The researchers described “striking changes” in the gegraphy f BMI. Tn 1985,urban men and wmen in mre than three quarters f the cuntries 34. (study) had higher BMIs than men and wmen in rural areas. But 30 years later, the BMI difference between urban and rural peple in many cuntries had narrwed 35.(sharp).
    This may be due t sme disadvantages fr peple 36. (live) in the cuntryside, including 37. (lw) levels f incme and educatin, higher csts f healthy fds, and fewer sprts facilities.
    【答案】
    28.and
    29.that/which
    30.persn’s
    31.is cnsidered
    32.by
    33.was
    34.Studied
    35.sharply
    36.living
    37.lwer
    【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了如今世界各地的人体重越来越超标,主要是由于农村地区的体重指数(BMI)增加了,并分析了其中的原因。
    28.考查连词。句意:在一项对200个国家33年体重指数趋势的研究中,科学家们发现,世界各地的人们体重越来越重,而这主要是由于农村地区体重指数的增加。分析句子结构可知,that peple wrldwide are getting heavier和that mst f the rise is due t gains in BMI in rural areas.都是fund引导的宾语从句,是并列关系,故填and。
    29.考查定语从句关系代词。句意:BMI是一种国际公认的测量工具,它可以显示一个人的体重是否健康。分析句子结构可知,tl是先行词,且在从句中做主语,故填that/which。
    30.考查名词所有格。句意:它的计算方法是用一个人的体重(公斤)除以身高(米)的平方,BMI在19到25之间被认为是健康的。分析句子结构可知,persn是修饰weight的,用 persn的名词所有格persn’s。故填persn’s。
    31.考查动词被动语态。句意:它的计算方法是用一个人的体重(公斤)除以身高(米)的平方,BMI在19到25之间被认为是健康的。分析句子结构可知,句子缺少谓语,主语(a BMI)是单数,时态是一般现在时,且主语和cnsider是表被动关系,故填is cnsidered。
    32.考查介词。句意:研究发现,1985年至2017年间,农村女性和男性的平均BMI增加了2.1。increase by表示“增加了”;increase t表示“增加到”。根据正常的成人BMI数值(18.5-23.9)可知,increase by符合语境,故填by。
    33.考查主谓一致和动词时态。句意:然而,在城市中,女性增加了1.3,男性增加了1.6。分析句子结构可知,句子缺少谓语,主语(gain)是单数,时态是一般过去时,故填was。
    34.考查非谓语动词。句意:1985年,在被研究的国家中,超过四分之三的城市男性和女性的BMIs高于农村地区的男性和女性。分析句子结构可知,句子的谓语是had,所以study用非谓语形式,它的逻辑主语是cuntries,表被动关系,故填studied。
    35.考查副词。句意:但30年后,许多国家城市和农村人口的BMI差异大幅缩小。分析句子结构可知,sharp是要修饰动词narrw,用sharp的副词形式sharply。故填sharply。
    36.考查非谓语动词。句意:这可能是由于生活在农村的人有一些不利条件,包括较低的收入和教育水平,较高的健康食品成本,以及较少的体育设施。分析句子结构可知,句子已有谓语动词may be,故live用非谓语形式,它的逻辑主语是peple,表主动关系,做定语,用现在分词形式,故填living。
    37.考查形容词比较级。句意:这可能是由于生活在农村的人有一些不利条件,包括较低的收入和教育水平,较高的健康食品成本,以及较少的体育设施。分析句子结构可知,including说明的是一些不利条件,且后面有higher和fewer,是并列关系,所以lw也应该用比较级形式,故填lwer。
    5.(2021年6月浙江卷)阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
    It desn't impress like Gerge Washingtn's plantatin n the Ptmac, but Lincln's hme in dwntwn Springfield, Illinis, ___36___ (prve)irresistible t visitrs since it pened t the public. Beautifully restred(修复)t its 1860 appearance, the huse was Abraham and Mary Lincln's hme fr 17 years. In 1844 they bught it ___37___ $1,200 and sme land frm Charles Dresser, wh perfrmed their ___38___ (marry)ceremny in 1842.
    When the huse was built, it was much ___39___ (small)than it is tday. Mary's niece wrte, "The little hme ___40___ (paint)white. It was sweet and fresh. Mary lved it. She was extremely pretty, and her huse was a reflectin f ___41___ (she), everything in gd taste and in perfect rder.
    Althugh Mary lved flwers, ___42___ she nr her husband was knwn as a gardener. A lng- time neighbr said they never planted trees and nly kept a garden fr ne year. Mary's sister, Frances Tdd Wallace, ften came ver ___43___ (plant)flwers in the frnt yard.
    ___44___ Linclns enlarged the huse t a full tw stries in 1856 t meet the needs f their grwing family. Three f the fur Lincln sns were brn here. After Lincln was elected President f the US in 1861, they rented the huse and ____45____ (sell)mst f their furniture.
    【答案】36. has prved/has prven
    fr
    38. marriage
    39. smaller
    40. was painted
    41. herself
    42. neither
    43. t plant
    44. The
    45. sld
    【解析】
    【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了美国总统林肯在伊利诺伊州斯普林菲尔德市中心的老房子的变迁历史。
    【36题】考查动词。句意:它不像乔治华盛顿在波托马克河畔的种植园那样给人留下深刻印象,但林肯在伊利诺伊州斯普林菲尔德市中心的家,自从向公众开放以来,就被证明对游客来说是不可抗拒的。分析句子成分可知,设空处作谓语动词,Lincln’s hme in dwntwn Springfield Illinis作主语;结合句意及设空处后的时间状语从句since it pened t the public可知,此处指过去发生的事情对现在造成的影响,符合现在完成时概念,故设空处用现在完成时;现在完成时结构是has/have +过去分词;主语Lincln’s hme in dwntwn Springfield Illinis是第三人称单数,所以助动词用has,提示词prve 的过去分词形式是prved或prven。故填 has prved/ has prven。
    【37题】考查介词。句意:1844年,他们以1200美元的价格从查尔斯·德莱瑟手中买下了这座房子和一些土地,查尔斯·德莱瑟在1842年举行了他们的婚礼。结合句意可知,此处考查固定短语buy sth. fr +价格,意为“以……价格买某物”。故填fr。
    【38题】考查名词。句意:1844年,他们以1200美元的价格从查尔斯·德莱瑟手中买下了这座房子和一些土地,查尔斯·德莱瑟在1842年举行了他们的婚礼。结合设空前的形容词性物主代词可知,此处要用名词形式;结合设空处后的ceremny,可知此处意为“婚礼”;提示词marry意为“婚姻”,其名词形式为marriage,marriage ceremny意为“婚礼”。故填marriage。
    【39题】考查形容词。句意:这栋房子建成时比现在小得多。结合设空前的much和设空后的than可知,此处考查形容词比较级固定结构much+比较级+than,提示词small的比较级形式为smaller。故填smaller。
    【40题】考查被动语态。句意:这个小房子被漆成了白色。分析句子结构可知,设空处作谓语动词,The little hme作主语。结合句意及常识可知,房子是“被漆”的,主语和谓语动词之间是被动关系,所以要用被动语态;根据上文的was built可知,此处为一般过去时态;一般过去时的被动语态结构是was/were+过去分词;主语The little hme是单数第三人称,所以要用was,提示词paint的过去分词形式是painted。故填was painted。
    【41题】考查代词。句意:她非常漂亮,她的房子是她自己的写照,一切都很有品位,井井有条。根据句意可知,此处意为“她自己”,可知此处考查反身代词;提示词she的反身代词是herself。故填herself。
    【42题】考查连词。句意:虽然玛丽喜欢花,但她和她的丈夫都不是有名的园丁。根据句意可知,此处考查连词结构“neither…nr…”,意为“既不……也不……”。故填neither。
    【43题】考查动词不定式。句意:玛丽的妹妹弗朗西丝·托德·华莱士经常来前院种花。分析句子结构可知,设空处作状语;根据句意可知,此处是目的状语;目的状语用动词不定式表示;提示词plant的不定式形式为t plant。故填t plant。
    【44题】考查冠词。句意:林肯夫妇在1856年把房子扩大到了整整两层,以满足他们日益增长的家庭的需要。根据句意可知,此处意为“林肯一家”;根据设空后的Linclns可知,此处考查“the+姓氏复数”,表示夫妇俩,或者一家人。设空处位于句首,所以首字母要大写。故填The。
    【45题】考查动词。句意:1861年林肯当选美国总统后,他们租了房子,卖掉了大部分家具。分析句子成分可知,设空处和前面的动词rented一起做并列谓语;根据时间状语1861可知,此处用一般过去时态,提示词sell的过去式形式是sld。故填sld。
    【2020年】
    1.(2020·新课标Ⅰ)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
    China has becme the first cuntry t land a spacecraft n the far side f the mn. The unmanned Chang’e-4 prbe (探测器) - the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese mn gddess ___61___ (tuch) dwn last week in the Suth Ple-Aitken basin. Landing n the mn’s far side is ___62___ (extreme) challenging. Because the mn’s bdy blcks direct radi cmmunicatin with a prbe, China first had t put a satellite in rbit abve the mn in a spt ___63___ it culd send signals t the spacecraft and t Earth. The far side f the mn is f particular ___64___ (interesting) t scientists because it has a lt f deep craters (环形山), mre s ___65___ the familiar near side. Chinese researchers hpe t use the instruments nbard Chang’e-4 ___66___ (find) and study areas f the Suth Ple-Aitken basin. "This really excites scientists," Carle Pieters, a scientist at Brwn University, says, "because it ___67___ (mean) we have the chance t btain infrmatin abut hw the mn ___68___ (cnstruct)" Data abut the mn’s cmpsitin, such as hw ___69___ ice and ther treasures it cntains, culd help China decide whether ____70____ (it) plans fr a future lunar (月球的) base are practical.
    【答案】61. tuched 62. extremely 63. where 64. interest 65. than 66. t find
    67. means 68. is cnstructed 69. much 70. its
    【解析】这是一篇说明文。中国成为第一个将航天器降落在月球背面的国家,文章主要介绍了中国无人月球探测器嫦娥四号发射的意义。
    61..考查时态。句意:无人月球探测器嫦娥四号——名字的灵感来源于古代的中国月亮女神——上周在南极艾特肯盆地着陆。此处是句子的谓语,根据时间状语last week可知应使用一般过去时,故填tuched。
    62.考查副词。句意:登录月球的背面是极其有挑战性的。空处修饰形容词challenging,应使用extreme的副词形式,故填extremely。
    63.考查定语从句。句意:中国首先必须把一颗人造卫星送入月球轨道上的一个点,人造卫星可以在这个点向航天器和地球发射信号。分析句子可知,空处引导一个定语从句,先行词是a spt,关系词替代先行词在从句中作地点状语,应用where引导。故填where。
    64.考查名词。句意:月球背面让科学家尤其感兴趣。根据空前的形容词particular可知,空处应填名词,interest是不可数名词,be f interest t sb.意为“(某物)使某人感兴趣”。故填interest。
    65.考查介词。句意:因为它比熟悉的一面有更多的深环形山。根据空前的比较级mre s可知,此处填介词than,表示“比……更”。故填than。
    66.考查非谓语动词。句意:中国的研究者希望使用嫦娥四号上的设备来发现和研究南极艾特肯盆地。此处表示目的,应使用不定式作目的状语。故填t find。
    67.考查时态和主谓一致。句意:“这真的使科学家们激动,”布朗大学的一位科学家Carle Pieters说:“因为它意味着我们有机会获得月球是如何构造的信息。”根据上文“This really excites scientists”可知,此处也使用一般现在时,主语是it,所以空处谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式means,故填means。
    68.考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意同上。分析句子可知,此处是宾语从句谓语动词,谓语cnstruct与主语the mn之间是被动关系,应使用被动语态,再由上下文可知此处应使用一般现在时,主语the mn是单数,故填is cnstructed。
    69.考查形容词。句意:关于月亮构成的数据,比如它含有多少水和其他财富,可以帮助中国决定它未来月球基地的计划是否实用。ice是不可数名词,应使用much修饰,故填much。
    70.考查代词。句意同上。根据空后的名词plans可知,此处应使用形容词性物主代词its,故填its。
    2.(2020·新课标Ⅱ)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
    Derating with Plants, Fruits and Flwers fr Chinese New Year
    Chinese New Year is a ___61___ (celebrate) marking the end f the winter seasn and the beginning f spring. This is why decrating with plants, fruits and flwers ___62___ (carry) special significance. They represent the earth ___63___ (cme) back t life and best wishes fr new beginnings.
    These are sme f the mst ppular in many parts f the cuntry:
    Oranges: Orange trees are mre ___64___ decratin; they are a symbl f gd frtune and wealth. They make great gifs and yu see them many times ___65___ (decrate) with red envelpes and messages f gd frtune.
    Bamb: Chinese lve their “Lucky Bamb” plants and yu will see them ften in their hmes and ffice. ___66___ (certain) during the hliday perid, this plant is a must. Bamb plants are assciated ___67___ health, abundance and a happy hme. They are easy ___68___ (care) fr and make great presents.
    Branches f Plum Blssms (梅花): The ___69___ (beauty) lng branches cvered with pink-clred buds (蓓蕾) make fantastic decratins. The plum trees are ____70____ first t flwer even as the snw is melting(融化). They represent the prmise f spring and a renewal f life.
    【答案】61. celebratin 62. carries 63. cming 64. than 65. decrated
    66. Certainly 67. with 68. t care 69. beautiful 70. the
    【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了用一些植物、水果和鲜花装饰中国新年的寓意。
    61.考查名词。句意:中国新年是一个庆祝冬天的结束和春天的开始。不定冠词a后接名词形式。故填celebratin。
    62.考查主谓一致。句意:这就是为什么用植物、水果和鲜花装饰具有特殊意义的原因。这是一个表语从句,从句主语为动名词短语decrating with plants, fruits and flwers,所以谓语动词用单数形式。故填carries。
    63.考查非谓语动词。句意:它们代表着大地的复苏和对新开端的美好祝愿。句中谓语动词为represent,所以这里为非谓语动词。名词earth与cme back t之间为主动关系,所以用现在分词作后置定语。故填cming。
    64.考查短语。句意:桔子树不仅仅是装饰品;mre than不仅仅,不只是。故填than。
    65.考查非谓语动词。句意:它们是很好的礼物,你会经常看到它们装饰着红包和好运的信息。句中them指代前句中的range trees,与decrate之间为被动关系,所以用过去分词作宾语补足语。故填decrated。
    66.考查副词。句意:当然在假期期间,这种植物是绝对必要的事物。介词短语做时间状语,因此只有改变成副词才能复合句子结构,用副词形式做状语。故填Certainly。
    67.考查短语。句意:竹类植物与健康、富足和幸福的家庭联系在一起。be assciated with与……相联系。故填with。
    68.考查非谓语动词。句意:它们很容易照顾,也很适合作为礼物。这里考查“be +形容词 + t d”结构。故填t care。
    69.考查形容词。句意:美丽的长枝上覆盖着粉红色的花蕾,做成漂亮的装饰。修饰名词branches,用形容词形式。故填beautiful。
    70.考查冠词。句意:雪还在融化时,梅花是第一个开花的。这里表示特指,所以序数词first前要加定冠词the。故填the。
    3.(2020·新课标Ⅲ)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
    In ancient China lived an artist. ___61___ paintings were almst lifelike. The artist’s reputatin had made him prud. One day the emperr wanted t get his prtrait (画像) dne s he called all great artists t cme and present their ___62___ (fine) wrk, s that he culd chse the best. The artist was sure he wuld. ___63___(chse), but when he presented his masterpiece t the emperr’s chief minister, the ld nan laughed. The wise ld man tld him t travel t the Li River~perhaps he culd learn a little frm the greatest artist in the wrld.
    Filled with ___64___ (curius), the artist packed his bags and left. ___65___ he asked the villagers n the banks f the river where he culd find the legendary (传奇的) artist, they smiled and ___66___ (pint) dwn the river. The next mrning he hired a bat and set ut ___67___ (find) the well-knwn painter. As the small bat mved, ___68___ (gentle) alng the river he was left speechless by the muntains being silently reflected in the water. He passed milky white waterfalls and muntains in many shades f blue. And when he saw the mists rising frm the river and the sft cluds. ___69___ (surrund) the muntain tps, he was reduced t tears. The artist was finally humbled (谦卑) by the greatest artist ____70____ earth, Mther Nature.
    【答案】61. whse 62. finest 63. be chsen 64. curisity 65. When/As
    66. pinted 67. t find 68. gently 69. surrunding 70. On
    【解析】这是一篇记叙文。主要记叙了一位画家画画栩栩如生,有一天他将画送给宰相时,这位睿智的老人告诉他去漓江旅行——也许他可以从世界上最伟大的艺术家那里学到一些东西。画家最后发现这位世界上最伟大的艺术家就是大自然母亲。
    61.考查定语从句。句意:中国古代有一位画家,他的画几乎栩栩如生。此处为定语从句修饰先行词artist,且先行词在从句中作定语,故应用关系代词whse。故填whse。
    62.考查最高级。句意:一天,皇帝想让人给他画一幅肖像,于是他把所有伟大的画家都请来,展示他们最好的作品,以便他挑选最好的。结合句意,皇帝想要画家最好的作品,表示“最好的”此处应用形容词最高级finest。故填finest。
    63.考查动词语态。句意:画家确信他会被选中,但是当他把他的杰作送给皇帝的宰相时,这位老人笑了。本句中主语he与谓语动词chse构成被动关系,且wuld后跟动词原形。故填be chsen。
    64..考查名词。句意:怀着好奇心,艺术家收拾行囊离开了。with为介词,后跟名词curisity作宾语,表示“好奇心”。故填curisity。
    65.考查连接词。句意:当他问河岸上的村民,他在哪里可以找到这位传奇艺术家时,他们笑着指着河的下游。本句为时间状语从句,表示“当……时候”,且从句中动词asked为短暂性动作动词,不能用while引导,故应用when或as引导。句首单词首字母要大写。故填When/As。
    66.考查动词时态。句意:当他问河岸上的村民,他在哪里可以找到这位传奇艺术家时,他们笑着指着河的下游。根据上文they smiled and可知此处应用一般过去时。故填pinted。
    67.考查非谓语动词。句意:第二天早上,他租了一条船,出发去找这位著名的画家。结合句意表示“出发去做某事”短语为set ut t d sth.,后跟不定式做目的状语。故填t find。
    68.考查副词。句意:当小船缓缓地沿着江面移动时,山在水中的倒影使他说不出话来。此处修饰动词mved应用副词gently作状语,表示“缓缓地”。故填gently。
    69.考查非谓语动词。句意:当他看到雾气从河上升起,山顶上乌云环绕,他不禁流下了眼泪。分析句子结构可知,the sft cluds 69 (surrund) the muntain tps是独立主格结构做状语,surrund在句中应用非谓语动词形式,与逻辑主语cluds构成主动关系,故应用现在分词。故填surrunding。
    70.考查介词。句意:这位艺术家最终被世界上最伟大的艺术家——大自然母亲所折服。结合句意表示“在世界上”短语为n earth。故填n。
    4.(2020·江苏卷)请认真阅读下面短文,并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。
    注意:请将答案写在答题卡上相应题号的横线上。每个空格只填一个单词。
    Humr
    If yu see humr as an ptinal frm f entertainment, yu’re missing sme f its biggest benefits: Humr makes average-lking peple lk cute and uninteresting peple seem entertaining. Studies shw that a gd sense f humr even makes yu seem smarter.
    Best f all, humr raises yur energy, and that can have an effect n everything yu d at schl, at wrk, r in yur persnal life. The increase f energy will even make yu mre willing t exercise, and that will raise yur verall energy even mre.
    Humr als transprts yur mind away frm yur daily trubles. Humr lets yu better understand life and smetimes helps yu laugh at even the wrst f yur prblems.
    In my experience, mst peple think they have a sense f humr, and t sme degree that’s true. But nt all senses f humr are created equal. S I thught it wuld be useful t include sme humr tips fr everyday life.
    Yu dn’t have t be the jke teller in the grup in rder t shw yur sense f humr. Yu can be the ne wh directs the cnversatin t fun tpics that are ripe fr thers t add humr. Every party needs a straight persn. Yu’ll appear fun and funny by assciatin.
    When it cmes t in-persn humr, effrt cunts a lt. When peple see yu trying t be funny, it frees them t try it themselves. S even if yur wn effrts at humr fall shrt, yu might be freeing the lng kept humr in thers. Peple need permissin t be funny in scial settings because there’s always a risk that cmes with humr. Fr in-persn humr, quality isn’t as imprtant as yu might think. Yur attitude and effrt cunt a lt.
    Sme peple--and I was ne f them--believe that humrus cmplaints abut the little prblems f life make humr, and smetimes that is the case. The prblem cmes when yu start ding t much cmplaint-based humr. One funny bservatin abut prblem in yur life can be funny, but five is just cmplaining, n matter hw smart yu think yu are. Funny cmplaints can wear peple ut.
    Self-deprecating(自嘲式) humr is usually the safest type, but here again yu dn’t want t versht the target. One self-deprecating cmment is a generus and even cnfident frm f humr. Yu have t be at least a bit self-assured t laugh at yurself in frnt f thers. But if yu d it t ften, yu can transfrm in the eyes f thers frm a cnfident jker t a Chihuahua dg.
    【答案】71. entertainment 72. appearance/lk 73. energetic 74. psychlgical
    75. Tips/Suggestins/Advice 76. Preparing 77. less 78. relieve/free
    79. avid/skip 80. bre/tire/exhaust
    【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了幽默的好处,讲遵循的技巧以及所要避开的陷阱。
    71.原词再现题。根据文章第一段“If yu see humr as an ptinal frm f entertainment, yu're missing sme f its biggest benefits( 如果你把幽默看作是一种可选的娱乐形式,你就错过了它的一些最大的好处)”可知,幽默是一种娱乐形式。故填entertainment。
    72.语意转化题。根据文章第一段“Humr makes average-lking peple lk cute and uninteresting peple seem entertaining. (幽默能让相貌平平的人看起来可爱,让不感兴趣的人看起来很有趣。)”可知,幽默可以改善一个人的外表和个性。故填appearance/lk。
    73.词性转换题。根据文章第二段“Best f all, humr raises yur energy, and that can have an effect n everything yu d at schl, at wrk, r in yur persnal life. (最重要的是,幽默能提升你的精力,这会对你在学校、工作或个人生活中所做的一切产生影响。)”可知,幽默能使人在工作、学习和生活中充满活力。句中名词energy转换成形容词energetic故填energetic。
    74.语意转化题。根据文章第三段“Humr als transprts yur mind away frm yur daily trubles. (幽默还能使你的思维从日常烦恼中解脱出来。)”可知,幽默让你理解生活,有时帮助你在最困难时能够大笑。可以推断出当我们遇到困难时,幽默会对我们的心理产生影响。故填psychlgical。
    75.原词再现题。根据文章第四段“S I thught it wuld be useful t include sme humr tips fr everyday life.(所以我觉得在日常生活中加入一些幽默技巧会很有用。)”可知,这里为幽默所要遵循的建议或技巧。故填Tips/Suggestins/Advice。
    76.语意转化题。根据文章第五段“Yu can be the ne wh directs the cnversatin t fun tpics that are ripe fr thers t add humr. (你可以把谈话引向有趣的话题,而这些话题已经为其他人增添了幽默感。)”可知,这里指为他人准备一场有趣的对话。所填词中缺少主语,所以用动名词作主语。故填Preparing。
    77.语意转化题。根据文章第六段“When it cmes t in-persn humr, effrt cunts a lt. (说到个人幽默,努力是很重要的。)”和”Fr in-persn humr, quality isn’t as imprtant as yu might think. Yur attitude and effrt cunt a lt.( 对于面对面的幽默,质量并不像你想象的那么重要。你的态度和努力很重要。)”可知,质量没有态度和努力重要。故填less。
    78.原词再现题。根据文章第六段“S even if yur wn effrts at humr fall shrt, yu might be freeing the lng kept humr in thers. (所以,即使你自己的幽默努力失败了,你也可能释放了别人长期保持的幽默。)”可知,即使是一个愚蠢的笑话也能让别人免于风险和尴尬。短语relieve/free…f…免于……。故填relieve/free。
    79.归纳总结题。根据表格此栏后面的内容可知,这里是讲幽默所需要避开的陷阱。故填avid/skip。
    80.语意转化题。根据文章倒数第二段”One funny bservatin abut a prblem in yur life can be funny, but five is just cmplaining, n matter hw smart yu think yu are. Funny cmplaints can wear peple ut. (对生活中某个问题的一个有趣的观察可能很有趣,但五个就是只有抱怨了,不管你认为自己有多聪明。有趣的抱怨会让人筋疲力尽。)”可知,太多的抱怨只会让人厌烦或筋疲力尽。故填bre/tire/exhaust。
    5.(2020·山东卷)阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
    Many peple have the hbby f cllecting things, e.g. stamps, pstcards r antiques. In the 18th and 19th centuries, ___36___ (wealth) peple travelled and cllected plants, histrical bjects and wrks f art. They kept their cllectin at hme until it gt t big ___37___ until they died, and then it was given t a museum. The 80,000 bjects cllected by Sir Hans Slane, fr example, ___38___ (frm) the cre cllectin f the British Museum ___39___ pened in 1759.
    The parts f a museum pen t the public ___40___ (call) galleries r rms. Often, nly a small part f a museum’s cllectin ___41___ (be) n display. Mst f it is stred away r used fr research.
    Many museums are lively places and they attract a lt f visitrs. As well as lking at exhibits, visitrs can play with cmputer simulatins (模拟) and imagine ___42___ (they) living at a different time in histry r ___43___(walk)thrugh a rainfrest. At the Jrvik Centre in Yrk, the city’s Viking settlement is recreated, and peple experience the sights, sunds and smells f the ld twn. Histrical ___44___ (accurate) is imprtant but s is entertainment. Museums must cmpete ____45____peple’s spare time and mney with ther amusements. Mst museums als welcme schl grups and arrange special activities fr children.
    【答案】36. wealthy 37.r 38. frmed 39. which/that 40. are called
    41. is 42. themselves 43. walking 44. accuracy 45. fr
    【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了博物馆藏品的来源及博物馆给人们带来的好处和面临的挑战。
    36.考查形容词。句意:在18和19世纪,富人旅行并收集植物、历史物品和艺术品。此处修饰名词peple,应使用形容词,做定语。故填wealthy。
    37.考查连词。句意:他们把自己的藏品留在家里,直到收藏变得太大或者自己去世,然后这些藏品被捐给一家博物馆。根据语境可知,前后陈述的是两者可能性,应使用连词r:或者。故填r。
    38.考查动词时态。句意:例如,汉斯•斯隆爵士的8万件藏品构成了1759年开馆的大英博物馆的核心藏品。此处是谓语动词,根据时间状语in1759可知,应使用一般过去时。故填frmed。
    39.考查定语从句。句意:例如,汉斯•斯隆爵士的8万件藏品构成了1759年开馆的大英博物馆的核心藏品。此处是限定性定语从句,先行词是the British Museum,关系词在从句中做主语,应使用关系代词which/that引导。故填which/that。
    40.考查动词时态及语态。句意:博物馆对公众开放的部分被称为画廊或展厅。此处描述的是客观使用,应使用一般现在时;主语与call是逻辑动宾关系,应使用被动语态,且主语是复数概念。故填are called。
    41.考查主谓一致。句意:通常,博物馆只展出一小部分藏品。此处描述的是客观事实,应使用一般现在时,主语a small part f a museum’s cllectin是单数概念,谓语动词应使用第三人称单数形式,且后面的Mst f it is stred away r used fr research.中的is也是提示。故填is。
    42.考查反身代词。句意:除了观赏展品,游客还可以玩电脑模拟游戏,想象自己生活在一个不同的历史时期,或者漫步在热带雨林中。此处指代visitrs,意为“他们自己”,应使用反身代词。故填themselves。
    43.考查非谓语动词。句意:除了观赏展品,游客还可以玩电脑模拟游戏,想象自己生活在一个不同的历史时期,或者漫步在热带雨林中。此处与living是并列成分,共同做imagine的宾补,imagine sb ding sth. “想象某人做某事”。故填walking。
    44.考查名词。句意:历史的准确性很重要,但娱乐也很重要。此处做主语,位于形容词histrical之后,应使用名词,意为“历史的准确性”。故填accuracy。
    45.考查介词。句意:博物馆必须和其他娱乐活动竞争人们的业余时间和金钱。此处是固定短语:cmpete fr,意为: “为了……竞争”。故填fr。
    6.(2020·浙江卷)阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
    Sme time after 10,000 BC,peple made the first real attempt t cntrl the wrld they lived ___56___ ,thrugh agriculture. Over thusands f years,they began t depend less n ___57___ culd be hunted r gathered frm the wild,and mre n animals they had raised and crps they had swn.
    Farming prduced mre fd per persn ___58___ hunting and gathering,s peple were able t raise mre children. And,as mre children were brn,mre fd ___59___(need). Agriculture gave peple their first experience f the pwer f technlgy ___60___(change)lives.
    By abut 6000 BC,peple ___61___ (discver)the best crps t grw and animals t raise. Later,they learned t wrk with the ___62___ (seasn),planting at the right time and,in dry areas, ___63___ (make)use f annual flds t irrigate(灌溉)their fields.
    This style f farming lasted fr quite a lng time. Then,with ___64___ rise f science,changes began. New methds _____65_____ (mean)that fewer peple wrked in farming. In the last century r s,these changes have accelerated. New pwer machinery and artificial fertilizers(化肥)have nw ttally transfrmed a way f life that started in the Stne Age.
    【答案】56. in 57. what 58. than 59. was needed 60. t change
    61. had discvered 62. seasns 63. making 64. the 65. meant.
    【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了农业的发展历史。
    56.考查介词。句意:公元前10000年以后,人们第一次真正尝试通过农业来控制他们所居住的世界。分析可知,“they lived _____”应是之前名词the wrld 的定语从句,定语从句引导词被省略,可推知先行词应是在从句中作宾语,即:they lived in the wrld. live in+名词,意为“居住在某地”。故填in。
    57.考查名词性从句。句意:在几千年的时间里,他们开始减少对我们从野外采集的猎物的依赖,而更多地依赖他们饲养的动物和播种的庄稼。分析句子,宾语从句部分缺主语,所以引导词应为“连接代词”。根据句意,此处缺“什么”之意。故填what。
    58.考查固定搭配。句意:农业比狩猎和采集的人均粮食产量更高。结合句意可知,此句中将农业生产与狩猎和采集相比,应用比较连词than。mre… than,意为“比……更”故填than。
    59.考查时态语态。句意:随着越多的小孩出生,越多的食物被需要。分析句子,逻辑主语和need之间表示被动逻辑。同时此处描述的是过去的时间,所以时态应用过去时。故此处应用过去时的被动语态。fd为不可数名词。故填was needed。
    60.考查非谓语动词。句意:农业让人们第一次体验到技术改变生活的力量。分析句子,简单句中已有动词gave故提示词部分需用非谓语动词。分析句意,此处需用不定式表示目的。故填t change。
    61.考查时态。句意:大约在公元前6000年,人们已经发现了最适宜种植的庄稼和最适宜饲养的牲畜。分析句子,简单句中除了提示词外无其余动词,故此处需用动词的时态。逻辑主语和提示词之间表示主动逻辑。by + 过去时间 译为“到…为止”,后面的句子用过去完成时。故填had discvered.
    62.考查名词复数。句意:后来,他们学会了因地制宜,在适当的时间播种,在干旱地区,利用每年的洪水来灌溉农田。分析句子,提示词的词性为为可数名词,应用复数形式。故填seasns。
    63.考查非谓语动词。句意:后来,他们学会了因地制宜,在适当的时间播种,在干旱地区,利用每年的洪水来灌溉农田。分析句子,make所处的分句中无主语,故此处需用非谓语动词。make use f和逻辑主语they之间表示“主动”关系。所以此处用现在分词形式(ding)形式做状语。故填making。
    64.考查定冠词。句意:随着科学的崛起,事情发生了变化。with the rise f 译为“随着的崛起”是固定短语。故填the。
    65.考查时态。句意:新方法意味着更少的人从事农业。分析句子,主句部分无其他动词,故此处需填时态。文章的整体时态是过去时,根据时态一致原则此处也应为过去时。逻辑主语和动词之间表示主动关系。所以此处填过去时的主动形式。故填meant。
    【2019年】
    1. 【2019·全国卷I】
    阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
    The plar bear is fund in the Arctic Circle and sme big land masses as far suth as Newfundland. While they are rare nrth f 88°,there is evidence ___61___ they range all the way acrss the Arctic, and as far suth as James Bay in Canada. It is difficult t figure ut a glbal ppulatin f plar bears as much f the range has been ___62___ (pr) studied; hwever, bilgists calculate that there are abut 20,000-25,000 plar bears wrldwide.
    Mdem methds ___63___ tracking plar bear ppulatins have been emplyed nly since the mid-1980s, and are expensive ___64___ (perfrm) cnsistently ver a large area. In recent years sme Inuit peple in Nunayut ___65___ (reprt) increases in bear sightings arund human settlements, leading t a ___66___ (believe) that ppulatins are increasing. Scientists have respnded by ___67___ (nte) that hungry bears may be cngregating(聚集) arund human settlements, leading t the illusin(错觉) that ppulatins are ___68___ (high) than they actually are. Of ___69___ nineteen recgnized plar bear subppulatins, three are declining, six ___70___ (be) stable, ne is increasing, and nine lack enugh data.
    【语篇解读】本文为科普文类说明文,介绍了北极熊的生存现状。
    61. 【解析】考查同位语从句。根据句子结构分析可知,主句为there be句型,且结构完整,空格后为同位语从句,解释说明中心词evidence的内容,故填that。
    62. 【解析】考查副词用法。根据句意和结构分析可知,此处用副词prly修饰谓语动词has been studied,意为“研究很少”。故填prly。
    63. 【解析】考查介词用法。此处tracking plar bear ppulatins作Mdern methds的定语,用f 连接,“methds f ding sth.”,意为“……的方法”,构成固定结构。或者意为“对于跟踪北极熊的方法”用fr。故填f/fr。
    64. 【解析】考查非谓语动词。主系表结构之后,常用不定式作原因或目的状语,句意:跟踪北极熊的现代方法只是在二十世纪八十年代以来开始采用,并且在如此大区域内持续采用是昂贵的,故此处用t perfrm。
    65. 【解析】考查时态。根据上下文语境,尤其是时间状语in recent years可知,主句用现在完成时态,故填have reprted。
    66. 【解析】考查名词。根据其前不定冠词和其后的同位语从句可知,空格处为名词形式,故填belief。
    67. 【解析】考查非谓语动词。根据其前介词by可知,此处用动名词主动形式,故填nting。
    68. 【解析】考查形容词比较级。根据其后than they actually are可知,此处为形容词的比较级,故填higher。
    69. 【解析】考查定冠词。此处为特指,意为“在已知的19个北极熊亚种群中”,故填the。
    70. 【解析】考查主谓一致。根据three are declining,此处数词six作主语,代指前文中的“plar bear subppulatins”,故用复数谓语,一般现在时,故填are。
    2. 【2019·全国卷II】
    阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
    A 90-year-ld has been awarded “Wman Of The Year”fr ___61___ (be)Britain's ldest full-time emplyee-still wrking 40 hurs a week. Nw Irene Astbury wrks frm 9am t 5pm daily at the pet shp in Macclesfield, ___62___ she pened with her late husband Les. Her years f hard wrk have ___63___(final)been acknwledged after a custmer nminated(提名)her t be Cheshire's Wman Of The Year.
    Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement” award,prud Irene ___64___(declare) she had n plans ___65___ (retire) frm her 36-year-ld business. Irene said,“I dn't see any reasn t give up wrk. I lve cming here and seeing my family and all the friends I ___66___(make) ver the years. I wrk nt because I have t, ___67___ because I want t.”
    Granddaughter Gayle Parks,31-wh wrks alngside her in the family business-said it remained unknwn as t wh nminated Irene fr the award. She said,“We dn't have any idea wh put grandma frward. When we gt a call ___68___ (say)she was shrt-listed,we thught it was ___69___ jke. But then we gt an fficial letter and we were blwn away. We are s prud f her. It's ___70___ (wnder).”
    【语篇解读】本文为记叙文。讲述了九十高龄的Irene作为英国最年长的全职员工,依然在宠物店做着朝九晚五的工作,没有退休的打算,她被颁发 “年度女士”称号。
    61.being【解析】考查非谓语动词。根据其前介词fr可知,此处用动名词形式作宾语,故填being。
    62.which【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。分析句子结构可知,先行词为the pet shp,在非限制性定语从句中作pened一词的宾语,故用which。
    63.finally【解析】考查副词用法。根据空格所处位置可知,此处应用副词形式作状语,修饰谓语动词have been acknwledged,意为“最终得以认可”,故填finally。
    64.declared【解析】考查谓语动词。根据上下文可知,该句主语为Irene,此处为谓语成分,根据后文had 以及said 可知用一般过去时态,故填declared。
    65.t retire【解析】考查不定式作定语。此处用t d sth做后置定语,用来修饰前面的名词plan,表示“……的计划”,故填t retire。
    66.have made【解析】考查动词时态。根据该定语从句中的时间状语“ver the years”可知,此处用现在完成时态,句意:我喜欢到这里来看看我的家人和我这些年来交到的朋友们。故填have made。
    67.but 【解析】考查并列连词。根据句意逻辑可知,此处为转折关系,句意:我工作不是因为我不得不做,而是因为我想做。此处用but与前文nt 呼应,构成“不是……而是 ……”之意,故填but。
    68.saying 【解析】考查非谓语动词。根据其后所接的宾语从句可知,此处用现在分词形式saying作后置定语,解释名词call的内容,call与say是主动关系,故填saying。
    69.a【解析】考查冠词用法。根据句意“我们还以为这是一个玩笑” 可知,此处jke为泛指,故填a。
    70.wnderful【解析】考查形容词作表语。根据句子结构可知,在系动词is之后用形容词形式作表语,故填wnderful。
    3. 【2019·全国卷III】
    阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
    On ur way t the huse,it was raining ___61___ hard that we culdn't help wndering hw lng it wuld take ___62___ (get)there. It was in the middle f Pearl City.
    We were first greeted with the barking by a pack ___63___ dgs,seven t be exact. They were well trained by their masters ___64___ had great experience with caring fr these animals. Our hsts shared many f their experiences and ___65___(recmmend)wnderful places t eat,shp,and visit. Fr breakfast,we were able t eat papaya(木瓜)and ther fruits frm their trees in the backyard.
    When they were free frm wrk,they invited us t lcal events and let us knw f an interesting ___66___(cmpete)t watch,tgether with the stry behind it. They als shared with us many ___67___(traditin)stries abut Hawaii that were ___68___ (huge)ppular with turists. On the last day f ur week-lng stay,we ___69___(invite)t attend a private cncert n a beautiful farm n the Nrth Shre under the stars,___70___ (listen)t musicians and meeting interesting lcals.
    【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。作者讲述了他们去夏威夷度假途中的经历以及到了主人家后受到的礼遇,主人热情招待他们,还在工作之余带他们参加了很多当地的活动。
    61.【解析】考查副词。句意:在我们去那座房子的路上,雨下得如此大以至于我们不能不想还要多久才能到达那里。“s…that…”意为“如此……以至于…”,引导结果状语从句。故填s。
    62.【解析】考查不定式。句中的wuld提示我们作者还没有到达那座房子,wndering后的句子不缺谓语,此处应填非谓语动词,故填t get。
    63.【解析】考查介词。“a pack f”意为“一群”。故填f。
    64.【解析】考查定语从句。句意:它们被他们的主人训练地很好,它们的主人在照顾这些动物方面很有经验。先行词为masters(主人),且从句缺主语。故关系词填wh。
    65.【解析】考查一般过去时。句意:我们的主人跟我们分享了很多他们的经历并推荐了一些很好的吃饭、购物和参观的地方。“and”前后两个动作“shared”与“recmmended”是并列关系,时态一致。故填recmmended。
    66.【解析】考查名词。由空格前的不定冠词an与空格后的不定式t watch可以确定空格处应该填名词形式。故填cmpetitin。
    67.【解析】考查形容词。空格修饰名词stries,应用形容词形式,traditin的形容词为traditinal,故填traditinal。
    68.【解析】考查副词。空格处单词修饰形容词ppular,应用副词形式,huge的副词为hugely,故填hugely。
    69.【解析】考查一般过去时的被动语态。由“n the last day f ur week-lng stay”可知,句子时态为一般过去时。根据句意:我们被邀请去参加一场私人音乐会,所以用被动语态。主语为we,故填were invited。
    70.【解析】考查分词。本句谓语动词为“were invited”,所以70题空格处动词listen应用非谓语动词形式。听音乐这个动作是由we发出的,所以选用现在分词形式。也可由and前后连接两个并列的结构这一规律解题,and后meeting interesting lcals为分词形式,故空格处填listening。
    4. 【2019·浙江卷】
    阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
    There are several reasns why schl unifrms are gd idea. First f all, unifrms help the schl lk smart. The students feel that they belng t a particular grup. When every pupil in the schl wears the unifrm, nbdy ___56___ (have) t wrry abut fashin(时尚). Everybdy wears___57___ same style f clthes. Unifrms can be useful in unexpected ways, A schl in Ireland has intrduced an interesting new unifrm. On the edge f the jacket, there is a piece f clth ___58___gives ff light in the dark. When the children are walking r ___59___ (cycle) t schl n dark mrnings, car drivers can ___60___ (easy) see them.
    But can unifrms help imprve schl standards? The answer ___61___ this questin is nt clear. One study in America fund that students' grades ___62___ (imprve) a little after the schl intrduced unifrms. But sme students didn't want ___63___ (wear) the unifrm. Other American studies shwed n ___64___(cnnect) between unifrms and schl perfrmance.
    Schl unifrms are ___65___ (traditin) in Britain, but sme schls are starting t get rid f them. Sme very gd schls dn't have a unifrm plicy. Hwever, unifrms are still ppular. Pupils at abut 90 percent f British secndary schls wear unifrms.
    【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了学生穿校服的几个好处。
    56. has/will have【解析】考查时态。句意:当每个学生在校穿校服时,没有人会担心时尚问题。本句是when引导的时间状语从句,遵循主将从现原则,因此,主句可以使用将来时will d;根据语境可知,本文叙述的是客观事实,因此,本句亦可用一般现在时,主语是nbdy,谓语用has。故填will have/has。
    57.the 【解析】考查冠词。句意:每个人都穿相同风格的衣服。same是形容词,意思是“相同的”,常与the连用修饰名词。故填the。
    58. that/which 【解析】考查定语从句。这是个限制性定语从句,先行词是clth,指物,从句中缺少主语,因此,可以用that或which引导。故填that/which。
    59. cycling【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:当孩子们在黑暗的早晨步行或骑车上学时,汽车司机很容易看到它们。r连接两个并列成分,根据r前的walking可知,此处要用cycling。故填cycling。
    60. easily【解析】考查副词。分析句式可知,设空处所给词是修饰动词see,修饰动词要用副词,因此,用easy的副词形式。故填easily。
    61. t【解析】考查介词。句意:这个问题的答案不清楚。the key/answer t ...这是固定搭配,“……的答案是……”。故填t。
    62. imprved【解析】考查时态。句意:美国的一项研究发现,在学校引入校服后,学生的成绩有所提高。本句是after引导的时间状语从句,前后时态保持一致,从句使用了一般过去式,主句用一般过去式。故填imprved。
    63. t wear【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:但是,有一些学生不想穿学生服。want t d sth想要做某事,这是want的固定用法。故填t wear。
    64. cnnectin/cnnectins【解析】考查名词。句意:其他的美国研究表明校服和学校表现之间没有联系。n是形容词,形容词修饰名词,位于名词前,名词可用复数也可用单数形式。cnnect是动词,“联系”的意思,因此,要用其名词形式。故填cnnectin/cnnectins。
    65. traditinal【解析】考查形容词。句意:穿校服在英国是一个传统,但是一些学校开始允许学生上学不用穿校服。are是系动词,其后常用形容词作表语,traditin是名词,“传统”的意思,因此,用其形容词形式。故填traditinal。
    5. 【2019·北京卷】
    阅读下列短文,根据短文内容填空,在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词,在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
    A
    On the first day f my first grade,I std by the dr with butterflies in my stmach. I ___1___(vice)my biggest cncern t my mther. “Hw will I make friends?” She handed me advice. “Be yurself.” Fr the past 20 years. I have lived by these wrds. Sn I will graduate and becme part f the real wrld. Nervusly ___2___ (face) challenges, I knw I will whisper t ___3___(I) the tw simple wrds “Be yurself”.
    【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。作者一年级对交友感到困惑,妈妈的话让他受益终身。
    1.viced【解析】考查时态。句意:我向妈妈表达了我最大的担忧,“我将如何交朋友?”此处的vice是动词,“表达”的意思,作谓语。叙述的是一年级的事情,用过去式。故填viced。
    2.facing【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:紧张地面对挑战,我知道我将轻声对自己说两个简单的字“做你自己”。分析句式可知,此处是做句子的状语,要用非谓语动词,其逻辑主语是I,与逻辑主语之间是主动关系,用现在分词作状语。故填facing。
    3.myself【解析】考查代词。句意:紧张地面对挑战,我知道我将轻声对自己说两个简单的字“做你自己”。本句的主语是I,当宾语与主语是同一人称时,宾语要用反身代词。故填myself。
    B
    Earth Day,___4___(mark)n 22 April,is an annual event aiming t raise public awareness abut envirnmental prtectin. First celebrated ___5___ 1970,the Day nw includes events in mre than 190 cuntries and regins(地区). N matter what yu like t d,there is a way t get invlved in varius ___6___(activity) n Earth Day. Yu can plant a tree,make a meal with lcally grwn vegetables,r save pwer—the pssibilities are endless.
    【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了地球日这一节日。
    4.marked【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:地球日于4月22日举行,是一项旨在提高公众环保意识的年度活动。分析句式可知,设空处是要做名词Earth Day的后置定语,且与其之间是被动关系,要用过去分词。故填marked。
    5.in【解析】考查介词。句意:第一次庆祝是在1970年。如今,这一天的活动遍及190多个国家和地区。在年份前要用介词in。故填in。
    6.activities【解析】考查名词。句意:无论你喜欢做什么,有一个方法可以让你参与地球日的各种活动。根据设空前的varius可知,此处要用名词的复数形式。故填activities。
    C
    Des the name f the cllege yu attend really matter?Research n the questin ___7___(suggest)that,fr mst students,it desn't. What students d at cllege seems t matter much mre than ___8___ they g. The students benefitting mst frm cllege are thse ___9___ are ttally engaged(参与)in academic life. taking full advantage f the cllege’s chances and resurces(资源),Students shuld have a prper attitude twards cllege befre thinking abut which cllege t attend, and it’s never t early t make necessary preparatins fr a healthy and ___10___(meaning)cllege experience.
    【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了研究表明,大学的名气对学生来说并不重要,从大学生活中受益最多的是完全投入学术生活、充分利用大学的机会和资源的学生。所以要以正确的态度来选择大学。
    7. suggests/suggested/has suggested 【解析】考查时态。句意:对于这个问题的研究表明,对于大多数学生来说,它不重要。这里表示研究的客观结果,所以用现在时或一般过去时均可,故填suggests/suggested/has suggested。
    8. where【解析】考查宾语从句。句意:学生在大学里做什么似乎比去哪里(哪所大学)更重要。这里表达去哪所大学,表示地点,作状语。故用where。
    9. wh/that【解析】考查定语从句。句意:从大学中获益最多的学生是那些完全投入学术生活的学生。___3___ are ttally engaged(参与)in academic life.是定语从句,修饰先行词thse,空格处在句中作主语,代指人,故填wh或that。
    10. meaningful【解析】考查形容词。这里与前面的healthy并列,修饰后面的名词cllege experience,故此处也要用形容词。故填meaningful。
    【2018年】
    1.【2018·全国卷I】
    阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
    Accrding t a review f evidence in a medical jurnal, runners live three years 61 (lng) than nn-runners. Yu dn’t have t run fast r fr lng 62 (see) the benefit. Yu may drink, smke, be verweight and still reduce yur risk f 63 (die) early by running.
    While running regularly can’t make yu live frever, the review says it 64 (be) mre effective at lengthening life 65 walking, cycling r swimming. Tw f the authrs f the review als made a study published in 2014 66 shwed a mere five t 10 minutes a day f running reduced the risk f heart disease and early deaths frm all 67 (cause).
    The best exercise is ne that yu enjy and will d. But therwise … it’s prbably running. T avid knee pain, yu can run n sft surfaces, d exercises t 68 (strength) yur leg muscles (肌肉), avid hills and get gd running shes. Running is cheap, easy and it’s always 69 (energy). If yu are time pr, yu need run fr nly half the time t get the same benefits as ther sprts, s perhaps we shuld all give 70 a try.
    【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了跑步的好处,它可以帮助人们延年益寿。
    61. lnger 【解析】考查副词的比较级。医学报告显示:经常跑步的人比不跑步的人多活3年。根据than可知用比较级,故填lnger。
    62. t see 【解析】考查不定式作目的状语。你不必跑地太快或时间太长就能看到它的好处。此处不定式作目的状语,故填t see。
    63.dying 【解析】考查动名词。你也许喝酒、吸烟或超重,但仍然通过跑步会减少早亡的风险。此处f是介词,其后用动名词。故填dying。
    64.is 【解析】考查动词的时态和主谓一致。医学报告显示:跑步比散步、骑车和游泳更能有效地延长寿命。这里叙述的是一个事实,故用一般现在时,且主语是it,要用第三人称单数。故填is。
    65.than 【解析】考查比较句型。跑步比散步、骑车和游泳更能有效地延长寿命。根据文章中的mre effective可知此处填than。
    66.that或which 【解析】考查定语从句的关系词。此处a study是先行词,其在定语从句中作主语,故填that或which。
    67.causes 【解析】考查名词复数。一项研究表明,仅仅每天5到10分钟的跑步,就能减少各种原因的心脏病和早亡。根据句意用复数形式。故填causes。
    68.strengthen 【解析】考查词形变化。锻炼以增强你腿上的肌肉。此处t是不定式符合,其后用动词原形。故填strengthen。
    69.energetic 【解析】考查词形变化。跑步总是让人充满活力的。根据it’s可知,系动词后用形容词作表语。故填energetic。
    70.it或running 【解析】考查代词或名词的用法。我们都应该试试跑步。此处give it a try意为:试试。此处it可以指running。故填it或running。
    2.【2018·全国卷I I】
    阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
    Diets have changed in China — and s t has its tp crp. Since 2011,the cuntry ___61___(grw)mre crn than rice. Crn prductin has jumped nearly 125 percent ver ___62___ past 25 years, while rice has increased nly 7 percent.
    A taste fr meat is ___63___ (actual) behind the change: An imprtant part f its crn is used t feed chickens, pigs, and cattle. Anther reasn fr crn's rise: The gvernment encurages farmers t grw crn instead f rice ___64___ (imprve) water quality. Crn uses less water ___65___ rice and creates less fertilizer(化肥) runff. This switch has decreased ___66___ (pllute) in the cuntry's majr lakes and reservirs and made drinking water safer fr peple.
    Accrding t the Wrld Bank, China accunts fr abut 30 percent f ttal ___67___ (glbe)fertilizer cnsumptin. The Chinese Ministry f Agriculture finds that between 2005—when the gvernment ___68___ (start) a sil-testing prgram ___69___ gives specific fertilizer recmmendatins t farmers - and 2011, fertilizer use drpped by 7.7 millin tns. That prevented the emissin(排放) f 51.8 millin tns f carbn dixide. China's apprach t prtecting its envirnment while ___70___ (feed) its citizens "ffers useful lessns fr agriculture and fd plicymakers wrldwide." says the bank's Juergen Vegele.
    【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文中讲述了中国为保护环境在农作物种植上做了一些变化并得到了世界上的知名人士的认可。
    61. has grwn 【解析】考查时态。since加时间点,主句要用现在完成时。句意:2011年以来,中国种植的玉米比水稻多。故填has grwn。
    62. the【解析】考查冠词。句意:玉米产量在过去25年里增长了近125%,而大米只增长了7%。故是特指在过去的25年里。故填the。
    63. actually 【解析】考查副词。句意:对肉的需求实际上是这种变化的背后原因。句子结构完整,用副词修饰句子。故填actually。
    64. t imprve【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:为了改善水质政府鼓励农民种植玉米而不是大米。没有连词可以且谓语动词是encurages,故imprve应该用非谓语动词。此处表示目的,故用不定式。故填t imprve。
    65. than【解析】考查连词。句意:玉米比大米使用的水更少。根据关键词less可知,填比较连词。故填than。
    66. pllutin【解析】考查词性转换。句意:这一转变减少了中国较大的湖泊和水库的污染,使人们的饮用水更加安全。has decreased后跟名词作宾语,故填pllutin。
    67. glbal【解析】考查词性转换。句意:中国约占全球化肥总消费量的30%。fertilizer cnsumptin是名词短语,故应该用形容词修饰。故填glbal。
    68.started【解析】考查谓语动词。句意:在2005年政府开始了一项土壤测试项目。本句是when引导的定语从句,由于时间是2005年,故用过去时。故填started。
    69. that/which【解析】考查定语从句关系词。根据空后的谓语动词gives可知,该空缺少主语,指代prgram并且引导后面的句子。指物用that/which,故填that或者which。
    70. feeding【解析】考查省略句。句意:中国在养活了中国人民的同时又保护了环境。这一做法为全世界的农业和粮食政策制定人提供了很有用的经验。空格处表示正在进行的动作,while后面省略掉了China is,省略句的原则:在时间状语从句、条件状语从句、让步状语从句中,如果从句的主语和主句的主语一致且含有be动词时,那么可以把主语和be动词一块省略。故填feeding。
    3.【2018·全国卷III】
    阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
    I'm nt sure _____61_____ is mre frightened, me r the female grilla(大猩猩)that suddenly appears ut f nwhere. I'm walking n a path in the frest in the Central African Republic. Unexpectedly, I'm face-t-face with the grilla, wh begins screaming at ____62____ tp f her lungs. That makes her baby scream, and then a 400-pund male appears. He screams the___63___(lud)f all. The nise shakes the trees as the male beats his chest and charges tward me. I quickly lwer myself, ducking my head t avid ____64____(lk) directly int his eyes s he desn't feel____65____(challenge).
    My name is Mireya Mayr. I'm a ___66___(science)wh studies animals such as apes and mnkeys. I was searching ___67___ these three western lwland grillas I'd been bserving. N ne had seen them fr hurs, and my clleagues and I were wrried.
    When the grillas and I frightened each ther, I was just glad t find ____68____(they) alive. True t a grilla's unaggressive nature, the huge animal ____69____(mean)me n real harm. He was just saying: "I'm king f this frest, and here is yur reminder!" Once his message was delivered, he allwed me ____70____ (stay)and watch.
    61. which/wh
    【解析】考查宾语从句。句意:我不确定哪一个更害怕,我,还是突然出现的雌性大猩猩。此处为宾语从句,空格处表示选择,所以用which表示“哪一个”
    62. the
    【解析】考查冠词。此处为固定短语at the tp f,此处表示以最大的肺活量喊叫。
    63. ludest
    【解析】考查最高级。根据后面的f all可知,他声音最大,所以用最高级ludest。
    64. lking
    【解析】考查动词。动词avid后要加ding。此处表示避免直接看他的眼睛。用lking。
    65. challenged
    【解析】考查非谓语。根据语境可知,此处表示不直视他的眼睛,他就不会感到被挑战性。feel为系动词,表示“被挑战”,用过去分词challenged。
    65. scientist
    【解析】考查名词。根据语境可知,我是一名科学家。scientist科学家。
    67.fr
    【解析】考查动词短语搭配。search fr是固定搭配,表示“寻找”,表示“我”在寻找“我”研究的三只西部低地大猩猩。
    68. them
    【解析】考查代词。此处做find 的宾语,所以用宾格them。
    69. meant
    【解析】考查谓语动词。分析本句的句子成分可知,本句缺少谓语,再根据总体时态可知要用一般过去时,所以用meant。
    70. t stay
    【解析】考查非谓语动词。固定短语allw sb t d允许某人做某事,应该用t stay。
    4.【2018·浙江卷】
    阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
    Few peple I knw seem t have much desire r time t ck. Making Chinese 56 (dish) is seen as especially trublesme. Many westerners 57 cme t China ck much less than in their wn cuntries nce they realize hw cheap 58 can be t eat ut. I still remember 59 (visit) a friend wh’d lived here fr five years and I 60 (shck) when I learnt she hadn’t cked nce in all that time.
    While regularly eating ut seems t 61 (becme) cmmn fr many yung peple in recent years, it’s nt withut a cst. The bvius ne is mney; eating ut nce r twice a week may be 62 (affrd) but ding this mst days adds up. There culd be an even 63 (high) cst n yur health. Researchers have fund that there is a direct link between the increase in fd eaten utside the hme and the rise in 64 (weigh) prblems.
    If yu are nt ging t suffer this prblem, then I suggest that the next time yu g t yur mum’s hme __65__ dinner, get a few cking tips frm her. Cking fd can be fun. Yu might als begin t ntice the effects nt nly n yur health but in yur pcket.
    【文章大意】作者描述了人们喜欢在外面吃饭的现象,分析了其对身体和花费的不良影响,建议我们在家做饭。
    56. dishes
    【解析】考查名词。此处指中国菜,表示泛指应该用名词复数,故填dishes。
    57. wh/that
    【解析】考查关系代词。句中包含定语从句,先行词是westerners指人,在定语从句中做主语,用关系代词wh/that引导,故填wh/that。
    58. it
    【解析】考查it用法。句子为感叹句,正常语序应该是it can be cheap t eat ut.其中不定式t eat ut是真正主语,用it 是形式主语。故填it。
    59.visiting
    【解析】考查动词形式。此处指我记得去拜访一个在这里住了五年的朋友,表示记得做过某事用remember ding sth., 故填visiting。
    60. was shcked.
    【解析】考查形容词。此处表示我感到很震惊。shck的主语是I,用形容词和系动词组成系表结构,表示过去发生的事,系动词用过去式。故填was shcked。
    61. have becme
    【解析】考查动词时态。根据时间状语in recent years可知用现在完成时,seems t后用动词原形,故填have becme。
    62. affrdable
    【解析】考查形容词。此处表示一周一两次外出吃饭是负担得起的,系动词be后用形容词作表语,表示“负担得起的”故填affrdable。
    63. higher
    【解析】考查形容词比较级。此处修饰名词cst用形容词,由even表示程度修饰比较级,故填higher。
    64.weight
    【解析】考查名词。此处指体重问题,用名词修饰prblems,故填weight。
    65.fr
    【解析】考查介词。表示去母亲家去吃饭,表示目的用介词fr,故填fr。
    【2017年】
    1.【2017·全国卷I】
    阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
    There has been a recent trend in the fd service industry tward lwer fat cntent and less salt. This trend, which was started by the medical cmmunity(医学界) 61 a methd f fighting heart disease, has had sme unintended side 62 (effect) such as verweight and heart disease — the very thing the medical cmmunity was trying t fight.
    Fat and salt are very imprtant parts f a diet. They are required 63 (prcess) the fd that we eat, t recver frm injury and fr several ther bdily functins. When fat and salt 64 (remve) frm fd, the fd tastes as if is missing smething. As 65 result, peple will eat mre fd t try t make up fr that smething missing. Even 66 (bad), the amunt f fast fd that peple eat ges up. Fast fd ___67___ (be) full f fat and salt; by 68 (eat) mre fast fd peple will get mre salt and fat than they need in their diet.
    Having enugh fat and salt in yur meals will reduce the urge t snack(吃点心) between meals and will imprve the taste f yur fd. Hwever, be 69 (care) nt t g t extremes. Like anything, it is pssible t have t much f bth, 70 is nt gd fr the health.
    【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了对于食物中的脂肪和盐分,人们的态度不一。脂肪和盐分对于健康来说是必不可少的,但如果人们摄入过多的脂肪和盐分,自身的健康将会受到损害。
    61. as
    【解析】考查介词。句意:这一趋势最初始于医学界作为一种对抗心脏病的方法。as表示“作为,以……身份”,故填as。
    62. effects
    【解析】考查单复数。分析语境可知作者表达的意思是“一些不为人知的副作用”,根据前文的sme可知“side effect”(副作用)有很多,故填effects。
    63. t prcess
    【解析】考查不定式。句意:他们被要求加工食物。require表示“要求”,require sb. t d sth.表示“要求某人做某事”,被动形式为“sb. be required t d sth.”(某人被要求做某事)。故填t prcess。
    64. are remved
    【解析】考查被动语态。句意:当脂肪和盐分从食物中被去掉。分析可知fat,salt和mve之间是被动关系,脂肪和盐分是两种东西,且是被人们去掉,所以用被动语态。故填are remved。
    65. a
    【解析】考查冠词。固定短语as a result表示“结果”。句意:结果,人们将吃更多的食物去弥补损失的东西。故填a。
    66. wrse
    【解析】考查比较级。句意:更糟糕的是,人们所吃快餐的数量增加了。故填wrse。
    67. is
    【解析】考查主谓一致。句意:快餐食物中满是脂肪和盐。fast fd的意思是“快餐”,表示一类食物,为不可数名词,谓语动词用单数形式。故填is。
    68. eating
    【解析】考查动名词。句意:通过吃更多的快餐,人们将在饮食中摄入超过需求量的脂肪和盐。根据前文中的by可知此处应该填名词、动名词,所以填eating。
    69. careful
    【解析】考查形容词。句意:然而,注意不要走极端。分析语境可知be后面应该用形容词作表语,故填careful。
    70. which
    【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。句意:很可能摄入过多的脂肪和盐,那对健康没有好处。分析可知which is nt gd fr the health为非限制性定语从句,先行词是前面的整句话。
    2.【2017·全国卷I I】
    阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
    In 1863the first undergrund passenger railway in the wrld pened in Lndn. It ran fr just under seven kilmeters and allwed peple t avid terrible __61__(crwd) n the rads abve as they travelled t and ___62__ wrk. It tk three years t cmplete and was built using an interesting methd. This included digging up the rad, ____63___(lay) the track and then building a strng rf ver___64___ tp. When all thse had been dne, the rad surface was replaced.
    Steam engines ___65__(use) t pull the carriages and it must have been ___66__(fair)unpleasant fr the passengers, with all the smke and nise. Hwever, the railway quickly prved t be a great success and within six mnths, mre than 25,000 peple were using___67__ every day.
    Later, engineers ____68___(manage) t cnstruct railways in a system f deep tunnels (隧道), which became knwn t the tube. This develpment was nly pssible with the ___69___ (intrduce) f electric-pwered engines and lifts. The central Lndn Railway was ne f the mst ___70___(success) f these new lines, and was pened in 1900. It had white-painted tunnels and bright red carriages, and prved extremely ppular with the public.
    【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍了地铁的最初发展史。
    61.crwds
    【解析】考查名词,此处表示复数概念,crwd前没有冠词,且它是可数名词,故填crwds。
    62.frm
    【解析】考查介词,t and frm来回,故填frm。
    63.laying
    【解析】考查动词,这里是由and连接的三个动词-ing形式,故填laying。
    64.the
    【解析】考查名词,tp是名词,前要用冠词,故填the.
    65.were used
    【解析】考查被动语态,此处表示过去的被动,故填were used。
    66.fairly
    【解析】考查副词,这里fair是形容词,pleasant也是形容词,所以需要将fair变为副词来修饰形容词,故填fairly。
    67.it
    【解析】考查代词,这里用it指代前句的railway,故填it。
    68.managed
    【解析】考查动词,此处表示过去的情况,所以这里也应用一般过去时,故填managed。
    69.intrductin
    【解析】考查词性转换,空格前是the,后面应该是名词,故填名词intrductin。
    70.successful
    【解析】考查形容词,空格前是mst,其后要跟形容词构成最高级,故填successful。
    3.【2017·全国卷III】
    阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
    She lks like any ther schlgirl, fresh-faced and full f life. Sarah Thmas is lking frward t the challenge f her new A-level curse. But unlike her schl friends, 16-year-ld Sarah is nt spending half-term 61 (rest). Instead, she is earning £6500 a day as 62 mdel in New Yrk.
    Sarah 63 (tell) that she culd be Britain’s new supermdel earning a millin dllars in the next year. Her father Peter, 44, wants her t give up schl t mdel full-time. But Sarah, 64 has taken part in shws alng with tp mdels, wants 65 (prve) that she has brains as well as beauty. She is determined t carry n with her 66 (educate).
    She has turned dwn several 67 (invitatin) t star at shws in rder t cncentrate n her studies. After schl she plans t take a year ff t mdel full-time befre ging t university t get a degree 68 engineering r architecture.
    Sarah says, "My dad thinks I shuld take the ffer nw. But at the mment, schl 69 (cme) first. I dn’t want t get t absrbed in mdeling. It is 70 (certain) fun but the lifestyle is a little unreal. I dn’t want t have nthing else t fall back n when I can’t mdel any mre."
    【文章大意】本文主要介绍了Sarah Thmas在学业和诱人的职业面前所做出的选择,她认为在青少年时期要把学业放在首位。
    61. resting
    【解析】考查非谓语动词。固定短语:spend time ding sth花费时间做某事。
    62. a
    【解析】考查冠词。mdel是可数名词,前面没有限定词,而此处泛指 "一个",故填a。
    63. was tld / has been tld
    【解析】考查动词的时态和语态。根据语境可判断出谓语动词应该用一般过去时或现在完成时的被动形式,又因主语Sarah是第三人称单数,故填was tld / has been tld。
    64. wh
    【解析】考查定语从句。非限制性定语从句中缺少主语,且先行词为Sarah,指人,要用wh。
    65. t prve
    【解析】考查非谓语动词。want t d sth.想要做某事。
    66. educatin
    【解析】考查词形转换。形容词性物主代词后面应该接名词形式。
    67. invitatins
    【解析】考查名词单复数。several修饰可数名词复数形式,故填invitatins。
    68. in
    【解析】考查介词。in表示"在某方面",获得某项学位 "get a degree in…"。
    69. cmes
    【解析】考查动词。根据语境可知Sarah认为当下应该是学业第一,说明现在的情况应该用一般现在时。
    70. certainly
    【解析】考查副词。修饰动词应该用副词形式,故填certainly。
    4.【2017·浙江卷】
    阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
    Last Octber, while tending her garden in Mra, Sweden, Lena Pahlssn pulled ut a handful f small 56 (carrt) and was abut t thrw them away. But smething made her lk clser, and she nticed a 57 (shine) bject. Yes, there beneath the leafy tp f ne tiny carrt was her lng-lst wedding ring.
    Pahlssn screamed 58 ludly that her daughter came running frm the huse. "She thught I had hurt 59 (I),"says Pahlssn.
    Sixteen years 60 (early), Pahlssn had remved the diamnd ring 61 (ck) a meal. When she wanted t put the ring back n later, it was gne. She suspected that ne f her three daughters — then ten, eight, and six—had picked it up, but the girls said they hadn’t. Pahlssn and her husband 62 (search) the kitchen, checking every crner, but turned up nthing. "I gave up hpe f finding my ring again," she says. She never replaced it.
    Pahlssn and her husband nw think the ring prbably gt 63 (sweep) int a pile f kitchen rubbish and was spread ver the garden, 64 it remained until the carrt’s leafy tp accidentally spruted (生长) thrugh it. Fr Pahlssn, its return was 65 wnder.
    【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文,主要讲述了16年前的戒指失而复得的故事。
    56.carrts
    【解析】考查名词单复数。根据上文的"a handful f"可知,此处表示一把小胡萝卜,所以应用carrt的复数形式。
    57.shiny/shining
    【解析】考查形容词。根据上文的"a"及下文的名词"bject"可知,此处需要用形容词作定语修饰名词,故填shiny或shining。
    58.s
    【解析】考查固定结构。Pahlssn的尖叫声是如此响亮以至于她的女儿从房子中跑了出来。此处是结构,表示"如此……以至于……"。本题容易误填such,但要注意such后面接名词,而s后面则接形容词或副词。
    59.myself
    【解析】考查代词。根据语境可知,hurt这一动作的发出者和承受者为同一人,故应用I的反身代词形式,意为"她认为我伤了我自己",故填myself。
    60.earlier
    【解析】考查副词的比较级。此处表示"16年前",故填earlier"……之前,先前"。
    61.t ck
    【解析】考查不定式。此处不定式表示"目的",意为"去掉戒指以做饭",故填t ck。
    62.searched
    【解析】考查动词的时态。根据本段的基本时态为一般过去时及语境可知,此处应用一般过去时表示发生在过去的动作,故填searched。
    63.swept
    【解析】考查过去分词。根据上文的"gt"及语境可知,此处应填sweep的过去分词形式swept,意为"被扫进"。
    64.where
    【解析】考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,空处在句中引导非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词the garden,在从句中充当地点状语,故填where。
    65.a
    【解析】考查冠词。此处表示"一个奇迹",所以需要用不定冠词a表泛指。
    Humr
    Benefits f humr
    ●Humr is frm f ____71____. Humr can imprve ne’s___72___ and persnality.
    ●Humr can make ne ____73____ in his wrk, study, and life.
    ●Humr has a psitive____74____ effect when we are in difficulties.
    ____75____t fllw
    ●____76____ thers fr a cnversatin f fun is as gd as telling a jke yurself when shwing yur sense f humr.
    ●Quality cunts ____77____ than attitude and effrt-even stupid jke can ____78____ thers f risk and embarrassment.
    Traps t ___79___
    ●One humrus cmplaint makes funny persn. But t many cmplaints will _____80_____ yur audience.
    ●Self-deprecating cmments shw ne’s assurance. But t much deprecatin will make a Chihuahua dg.

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