高中英语Lesson 1 How Closely Connected Are We?学案

这是一份高中英语Lesson 1 How Closely Connected Are We?学案，共23页。

1．The less yu speak，the mre yu will hear.
—Alexander Slshenitsen
说得越少，听到的就越多。——亚历山大·索尔仁尼琴
2．As I grw lder，I pay less attentin t what men say.I just watch what they d.
—Andrew Carnegie
随着我渐渐变老，我越来越少在意人们在说些什么。我只观察他们做什么。
——安德鲁·卡耐基
3．The mst basic f all human needs is the need t understand and be understd.
—Ralph Nichls
人类最基本的需要就是理解和被理解。
——拉尔夫·尼科尔斯
There may be times when we feel like ur cnnectin t the universe is clsed.Maybe things dn't seem t be ging well in ur day，r ur lives，r we may feel ut f ur element.The truth is，the universe is always there fr us.We knw that we create ur experience with ur thughts，and this is anther way we need t make a cnscius decisin abut hw we want t experience life.It is up t us t d the wrk f making the cnnectin，because nbdy can d it fr us，thugh smetimes the universe may send us wake­up calls.
Each year Ben is glad when schl is clsed n Martin Luther King Jr Day.Ben knws that this day hnrs an imprtant man，but Ben des nt feel cnnected t him.Hwever，the small­wrld thery cnnects Ben t Dr King.Ben's mm (0) has a clse friend，Amy (1)．Amy's uncle，Mark (2)，nce met and spke t Jhn Carter (3)，the sn f President Jimmy Carter (4)．Jimmy Carter knew Dr King (5)．In a way，Ben is nly “five peple away” frm Martin Luther King Jr.
The small­wrld thery says that everyne in the wrld is cnnected thrugh a shrt chain (链条) f peple they knw.Anther name f this chain is degrees f separatin.Each degree is a step that separates a persn frm smene he r she des nt knw.There are zer degrees f separatin between a persn and the peple he r she knws directly.This means that there are zer degrees between Ben and his mm.There is ne degree f separatin when just ne persn separates smene frm a persn he r she des nt knw.The thery says that there are n mre than six degrees f separatin between any tw peple in the wrld.
[探索发现]
1．Wh is Ben tw degrees away frm?
Mark.
2．What is the small­wrld thery mainly abut?
Hw peple are cnnected in the wrld.
Sectin Ⅰ TOPIC TALK & LESSON 1
Ⅰ.匹配词义
A．单词匹配
( )1.randm A．n.干涉，干预
( )2.envyB．n.包裹；邮包
( )3.parcelC．vt.&n.发表，发布；释放
( )4.releaseD．n. the feeling f wanting
sth. that sb. else has
( )5.interventinE．adj. dne，chsen，etc.
withut sb. thinking r deciding in
advance what is ging t happen
[答案] 1—5 EDBCA
B．短语匹配
( )1.hang ut A．以……为基础
( )2.call nB．在20世纪20年代
( )3.refer tC．在过去几十年里
( )4.be cnnected tD．号召
( )5.in the 1920sE．闲待，厮混
( )6.be based nF．仅仅
( )7.n mre thanG．有关联；连接到
( )8.in the last few decades
H．指的是
[答案] 1—5 EDHGB 6—8 AFC
Ⅱ.默写单词
1．gallery n． 美术馆，画廊
2．stadium n. 体育场，运动场
3．suburb n. 郊区，近郊，城郊
4．cnflict n.抵触，冲突，矛盾
5．thery n.学说，理论
6．bimnthly adj.两月一次的；一月两次的
7．phrase n.成语，习语；警句
8．disagreement n.意见不合，分歧，争论
9．disturb vt.干扰，打扰，使中断
10．impressin n.印象，感想
Ⅰ.语境填空
envy；thery；cnflict；parcel；phrase；canteen；gallery；randm；chain；release
1．Rse's stries weren't bad；she had a nice turn f phrase．
2．Music is a great channel fr releasing yur emtins.
3．The infrmatin is prcessed in a randm rder.
4．She wre a heavy gld chain arund her neck.
5．The vilence was the result f plitical and ethnic cnflicts．
6．The gallery was knwn fr putting n daring exhibitins.
7．Accrding t the thery f relativity，nthing can travel faster than light.
8．Our schl canteen prvides us with three meals a day.
9．A curier delivered the parcel t my ffice.
10．I dn't envy the yung nes wh've becme TV superstars and knw n ther wrld.
Ⅱ.语法填空之派生词
1．There is cnsiderable disagreement(disagree) ver the safety f the treatment.
2．He needs all the supprt and encuragement(encurage) he can get.
3．There are disturbing(disturb) reprts f killings at the tw centres.
4．We aplgise(aplgy) fr the late departure f this flight.
5．Yu'll have t play better than that if yu really want t make an impressin(impress)．
1．“Six Degrees f Separatin” refers t the thery that any persn n Earth can be cnnected t any ther persn thrugh a chain f n mre than five ther peple.
“六度分隔”理论说的是地球上任何人都可通过不超过另外五个人的联结与一个陌生人联系起来。
2．The Hungarian authr Frigyes Karinthy published a bk called Everything Is Different in 1929，in which he intrduced the idea f friendship netwrks and his ideas influenced many f ur early impressins f scial netwrks.
匈牙利作家弗里吉斯·考林蒂在1929年出版了一本名为《一切皆不同》的书，书中介绍了朋友关系网的概念，许多早期关于社交网络的构想都受到他思想的影响。
3．Amazingly，it nly tk between five and seven peple t get the parcels delivered，and nce released，the results were published in the bimnthly magazine Psychlgy Tday.
令人惊讶的是，这些包裹只需通过5至7个人就能送到正确的人手中。结果一经公布，便发表在双月刊《今日心理学》上。
4．The televisin series Lst als explred the idea f “Six Degrees f Separatin”，as almst all the characters had randmly met each ther，r had met smene the ther characters knew，befre they were all in the same plane crash.
电视连续剧《迷失》也探讨了“六度分隔”的理论，剧中失事飞机上几乎所有人此前都曾偶遇，或曾遇见其他人物所认识的人。
5．Mst recently，an experiment in 2011 at the University f Milan analysed the relatinship between 721 millin scial media users and fund that 92 percent were cnnected by nly fur stages，r five degrees f separatin.
最新的是2011年米兰大学的一项实验，该实验分析了7.21亿社交媒体用户之间的关系，发现92%的用户只需通过四个阶段(即五度分隔)，就可建立联系。
课文助读
①the average persn 普通人
②regular cmmunicatin经常保持联系
③be clsest t 和……最近
④Six Degrees f Separatin六度分隔，又称为“小世界现象”。大意是说，任何两个素不相识的人中间最多只隔着六层关联，即只需要不超过五个人就可以将两个陌生人联系在一起。
⑤refers t 指的是；查阅
⑥be cnnected t有关联；连接到
⑦in the 1920s在二十世纪二十年代
⑧friendship netwrks 朋友关系网
⑨early impressins 早期的构想
⑩scial netwrks社交网络
⑪an attempt 一次尝试
⑫an American scilgist一位美国社会学家
⑬a new methd一种新的方法
⑭a randm sample一份随机样本
⑮general lcatin大致的位置
⑯the target stranger目标陌生人
⑰be delivered t被派送到……
⑱the bimnthlymagazine双月刊
⑲Psychlgy Tday《今日心理学》
⑳in the last few decades 在过去几十年里
eq \(○,\s\up2(21))the title f a play一部戏剧的名称
eq \(○,\s\up2(22))based n以……为基础
eq \(○,\s\up2(23))Oscar­winning获得奥斯卡奖的
eq \(○,\s\up2(24))all the characters所有的人物
eq \(○,\s\up2(25))the same plane crash同一次飞机失事
eq \(○,\s\up2(26))把……和……联系起来
eq \(○,\s\up2(27))recreate Milgram's experiment重现米尔格兰姆的实验
eq \(○,\s\up2(28))cnfirm that... 证实……
eq \(○,\s\up2(29))analyse the relatinship 分析关系
eq \(○,\s\up2(30))five degrees f separatin五度分隔
原文呈现
HOW CLOSELY CONNECTED ARE WE?
Research shws the average persn① nly has regular cmmunicatin② with between seven and fifteen peple，and that mst f ur cmmunicatin is in fact with five t ten peple wh are clsest t③ us[1]．Hwever，perhaps we are clser t the rest f the wrld than we think.“Six Degrees f Separatin④” refers t⑤ the thery that any persn n Earth can be cnnected t⑥ any ther persn thrugh a chain f n mre than five ther peple[2]．
[1]that引导并列的宾语从句，作shw的宾语，此处that不能省略；wh引导定语从句，修饰先行词peple。
[2]that引导同位语从句，解释说明thery的内容。
The cncept was first talked abut as lng ag as in the 1920s⑦.The Hungarian authr Frigyes Karinthy published a bk called Everything Is Different in 1929，in which he intrduced the idea f friendship netwrks⑧ and his ideas influenced many f ur early impressins⑨ f scial netwrks⑩[3]．
[3]in which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词a bk。
In the 1950s，an attempt⑪ was made by tw scientists t prve the thery mathematically; but after twenty years，they still had nt had any success.In 1967，an American scilgist⑫ called Stanley Milgram tried using a new methd⑬ t test the thery，which he called the “small­wrld prblem”[4]. He chse a randm sample⑭ f peple in the middle f America and asked them t send packages t a stranger in the state f Massachusetts.The peple sending the packages nly knew the name，jb and general lcatin⑮ f the stranger.[5]Milgram tld them t send the package t a persn they knew persnally wh they thught might knw the target stranger⑯.Once the parcel had been received by this persn，he/she wuld send the parcel nt a cntact f theirs until the parcel culd be persnally delivered t⑰ the crrect persn.Amazingly，it nly tk between five and seven peple t get the parcels delivered[6]，and nce released，the results were published in the bimnthly magazine⑱ Psychlgy Tday⑲.It was this research that inspired the phrase “Six Degrees f Separatin”．[7]
[4]called...是过去分词作定语；which引导定语从句，修饰先行词thery。
[5]sending the packages是v.­ing形式短语作定语，修饰the peple。
[6]it takes/tk sb./sth.t d sth.需要某人/某物做某事。
[7]本句是强调句，强调主语this research。
In the last few decades⑳，the thery and the phrase have appeared again.Its name was used as the title f a play㉑ and then a film.Then，mre films and TV prgrammes based n㉒ the cncept were made and bradcast.Fr example，the Oscar­winning㉓ film Babel is based n the cncept f “Six Degrees f Separatin”．The lives f all the characters㉔ were clsely cnnected，althugh they did nt knw each ther and lived thusands f miles apart.The televisin series Lst als explred the idea f “Six Degrees f Separatin”，as almst all the characters had randmly met each ther，r had met smene the ther characters knew，befre they were all in the same plane crash㉕.In the mid­1990s，tw cllege students in the United States invented a game.The idea f the game was t link any actr t㉖ Kevin Bacn，a famus American actr and musician，thrugh n mre than six links.Sn the game was being played in universities acrss the United States.
In 2003，Clumbia University tried t recreate Milgram's experiment㉗ n the Internet.This became knwn as the “Clumbia Small­wrld Prject”．The experiment invlved 24，163 email chains with 18 target peple in 13 different cuntries.The results cnfirmed that㉘ the average number f links in the chain was six.
Mst recently，an experiment in 2011 at the University f Milan analysed the relatinship㉙ between 721 millin scial media users and fund that 92 percent were cnnected by nly fur stages，r five degrees f separatin㉚.
S，think abut it fr a minute：Hw might yu be cnnected t the driver f the bus yu regularly take r the persn wh delivers yur parcels？
译文参考
我们之间的联系有多紧密？
研究表明，普通人只与7至15个人经常保持联系，而且其中大部分的交流实际上只发生在5到10个亲近的人身上。不过，也许我们与世界上其他人的联系比想象中的更紧密。“六度分隔”理论说的是地球上任何人都可通过不超过另外五个人的联结与一个陌生人联系起来。
这个概念早在20世纪20年代就被提出。匈牙利作家弗里吉斯·考林蒂在1929年出版了一本名为《一切皆不同》的书，书中介绍了朋友关系网的概念，许多早期关于社交网络的构想都受到他思想的影响。
20世纪50年代，两位科学家试图用数学方法证明该理论，但20年过去了，仍未成功。1967年，美国社会学家斯坦利·米尔格兰姆试图用新的方法来验证这一理论，他称之为“小世界问题”。米尔格兰姆在美国中部随机抽取一部分人作为样本，让他们给马萨诸塞州的一位陌生人寄包裹。这些寄送包裹的人只知道这位陌生人的姓名、工作和大致的位置。米尔格兰姆告诉这些人先把包裹寄给认为有可能认识目标收件人的熟人。一旦此人收到包裹，他或她就会将包裹再发给认识的人，直到该包裹被送到目标收件人手中。令人惊讶的是，这些包裹只需通过5至7个人就能送到正确的人手中。结果一经公布，便发表在双月刊《今日心理学》上。正是这项研究启发了“六度分隔”这一说法。
在过去的几十年里，这一理论和说法又再次出现。它被用作戏剧标题和电影名称。随后，更多基于这一理论的影视节目相继拍摄、播出。例如，奥斯卡获奖影片《通天塔》就是基于“六度分隔”这一概念。影片中所有人物彼此不认识、相隔千里，但他们的生活都是紧密相连的。电视连续剧《迷失》也探讨了“六度分隔”的理论，剧中失事飞机上几乎所有人此前都曾偶遇，或曾遇见其他人所认识的人。20世纪90年代中期，美国2名大学生发明了一款游戏。这个游戏的玩法是用不超过6个联结将任意一个演员与著名演员、音乐家凯文·贝肯联系起来。这款游戏很快在美国的大学里流行起来。
2003年，哥伦比亚大学尝试在互联网上重现米尔格兰姆的实验，被称为“哥伦比亚小世界项目”。这项实验涉及24 163个电子邮件链接，覆盖了来自13个国家的18个目标人物。实验结果证实，联络串上的联结平均数量是6个。
最新的是2011年米兰大学的一项实验，该实验分析了7.21亿社交媒体用户之间的关系，发现92%的用户只需通过四个阶段(即五度分隔)，就可建立联系。
所以，思考一下这个问题：你与你经常乘坐的公交车司机或给你送包裹的人可能存在怎样的联系？
速读课文，完成下列任务
Ⅰ.阅读判断
判断以下句子提供的信息是正确(T)，还是错误(F)：
1．“Six Degrees f Separatin” has been talked abut tw centuries.( )
2．The idea f friendship netwrks was intrduced in Everything Is Different．
( )
3．In the 1950s，tw scientists prved “Six Degrees f Separatin” mathematically．( )
4．Babel is a TV prgramme which was based n “Six Degrees f Separatin”．( )
5．Kevin Bacn invented a game.( )
[答案] 1—5 FTFFF
Ⅱ.补全信息
选择正确选项填入空白处，补全所给句子提供的信息：
A．wh they thught might knw the target stranger
B．which he called the “small­wrld prblem”
C．wh are clsest t us
D．the idea f which was t link any actr t Kevin Bacn
E．in which he intrduced the idea f friendship netwrks
F．that the average number f links in the chain was six
1．Mst f ur cmmunicatin is in fact with five t ten peple ．
2．Frigyes Karinthy published Everything Is Different in 1929， and his ideas influenced many f ur early impressins f scial netwrks.
3．Stanley Milgram tried using a new methd t test the thery， ．
4．Milgram tld the randm sample f peple t send the package t a persn they knew persnally ．
5．Tw cllege students invented a game， ，a famus American actr and musician，thrugh n mre than six links.
[答案] 1—5 CEBAD
细读课文，完成下列任务
Ⅰ.主旨匹配
1．Para.1 A．Milan University's analysis.
2．Para.2B．Cnclusin.
3．Para.3C．The wide use f the thery.
4．Para.4D．The thery f “Six Degrees f
Separatin”．
5．Para.5E．Clumbia Small­wrld Prject.
6．Para.6F．The thery was first intrduced.
7．Para.7G．Small­wrld prblem.
[答案] 1—7 DFGCEAB
Ⅱ.单项选择
1．“Six Degrees f Separatin” cncludes that any persn n Earth can be cnnected t any ther persn thrugh a chain f n mre than ther peple．
A．4 B．5 C．6 D．7
2．Which inspired the phrase “Six Degrees f Separatin”？
A．Small­wrld prblem.
B．The game invented by tw cllege students.
C．Clumbia Small­wrld Prject.
D．Experiment in the University f Milan.
3．What is Kevin Bacn mentined in the text?
A．He was a bradcaster.
B．He was a scientist.
C．He was an actr and musician.
D．He was a film directr.
4．Hw many researches are mentined in the text?
A．3. B．4. C．5. D．6.
[答案] 1—4 BACA
Ⅲ.续写素材积累——说明人物身份
A．阅读课文中说明人物身份的语句
1．The Hungarian authr Frigyes Karinthy published a bk called Everything Is Different in 1929，...
2．In 1967，an American scilgist called Stanley Milgram tried using a new methd t test the thery，which he called the “small­wrld prblem”．
3．Milgram tld them t send the package t a persn they knew persnally wh they thught might knw the target stranger.
B．判断下列语句中哪些没有说明人物身份
1．Fr example，the Oscar­winning film Babel is based n the cncept f “Six Degrees f Separatin”．
2．The idea f the game was t link any actr t Kevin Bacn，a famus American actr and musician，thrugh n mre than six links.
3．Mst recently，an experiment in 2011 at the University f Milan analysed the relatinship between 721 millin scial media users and fund that 92 percent were cnnected by nly fur stages，r five degrees f separatin.
[答案] 1；3
1．agree vt.&vi.同意，赞同；一致；符合→disagree vt.&vi.不同意，不赞同；不一致；不符合→agreement n．一致；同意；协议→disagreement n．意见不合，分歧，争论
2．encurage vt.鼓励，鼓舞→encuraging adj.令人鼓舞的，振奋人心的→encuragement n．鼓励，鼓舞；起激励作用的事物
3．disturb vt.干扰，打扰，使中断→disturbed adj.烦恼的，心烦意乱的→disturbing adj. 令人不安的；令人心烦意乱的
4．aplgy n．道歉，谢罪→aplgise vi.道歉，谢罪
5．impress vt.给……留下深刻的好印象；使钦佩→impressive adj.给人深刻印象的；令人赞叹的→impressin n．印象，感想
release vt.释放，放走；放开，松开；发泄，宣泄；解除，免除，解雇；公布，发布 n．公开；发行；发布
①The new sftware is planned fr release in April.发布
②The club is releasing sme f its lder players.解雇
③She burst int tears，releasing all her pent­up emtins. 宣泄
④Firefighters tk tw hurs t release the driver frm the wreckage.释放
eq \a\vs4\al(知识要点1) cnflict n．抵触，冲突，矛盾vi.抵触，冲突
[例]The gvernment has dne nthing t reslve the cnflict ver nurses' pay.
政府未采取任何措施来解决护士工资问题引发的冲突。
[知识拓展]
in cnflict with... 与……冲突/矛盾
cme int cnflict with sb.与某人发生矛盾/冲突
cnflict with与……冲突
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①She fund herself in cnflict with her parents ver her future career.
②I came int cnflict with ne f my key managers.
eq \a\vs4\al(知识要点2) disagreement n．意见不合，分歧，争论
[例]There is disagreement amng archaelgists as t the age f the sculpture.
考古学家在这尊雕塑的年代问题上意见不一。
[知识拓展]
(1)disagree with sb.(n/abut/ver sth.)
(就某事)与某人意见不合
disagree with(ding) sth.不赞成(做)某事
disagree with sth.与某事物不符/不一致
disagree with sb.(食物、气候等)不适合某人
(2)agree with同意某人的看法；(气候、食物等)
适宜；与……一致
agree t同意计划、安排、建议等
agree n就……达成一致
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①They disagreed with each ther n the pint，s they didn't reach an agreement.
②They agree t his plan cmpletely.
③They have agreed n the date fr wedding and will get married n May 1st.
④He didn't agree with me，which made me a little annyed.
⑤I lve strawberries，but they dn't agree with me.
eq \a\vs4\al(知识要点3) envy vt.&n.羡慕，妒忌
[例]Quite a few schlmates envied and admired her fr her gd lk and intelligence．
不少同学妒忌她的美貌和才华。
[知识拓展]
(1)feel envy at... 对……感到妒忌/羡慕
be/becme the envy f...是/成为……妒忌(或羡慕)的对象
with envy羡慕地，妒忌地
ut f envy出于妒忌
(2)envy sb.(fr) sth./ding sth.
妒忌或羡慕某人(做)某事
envy sb./sth.妒忌/羡慕某人/某事物
(3)envius adj. 羡慕的，妒忌的
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①I envy yu having(have) such a gd friend.
②I'm s envius(envy) f yu getting an extra day's hliday.
③This regin has increasingly becme the envy f the rest f the wrld(世界上其他地区羡慕的对象)．
eq \a\vs4\al(知识要点4) encuragement n．鼓励，鼓舞；起激励作用的事物
[例]With a little encuragement frm his parents he shuld d well.
只要父母给点鼓励，他应该会做得很好。
[知识拓展]
(1)encurage vt. 激励，鼓舞
encurage sb. t d sth.激励某人做某事
(2)encuraged adj.受到鼓舞的
encuraging adj.令人鼓舞的
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The jke gt a big laugh，which encuraged me t cntinue(cntinue)．
②We were very pleased t hear this encuraging(encurage) news.
③When we heard the gd news, everyne felt encuraged(encurage)．
eq \a\vs4\al(知识要点5) hang ut闲待，厮混
[例]I dn't always want t hang ut with the grup.
我可不想总是和这群人混在一起。
[知识拓展]
hang n 紧紧抓住；稍等
hang n t sth.抓住某物
hang up挂断电话
hang arund闲逛
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Hang n t the branch，until I bring the ladder.
②That better be a business call r else yu can hang up right nw!
eq \a\vs4\al(知识要点6) disturb vt.干扰，打扰，使中断
[例]I dream abut him，dreams s vivid that they disturb me fr days.
我几次梦见了他，梦境如此逼真，我好几天都心神不宁。
[知识拓展]
disturbing adj. (事物等)引起烦恼的；令人不安的
disturbed adj.心烦意乱的；不安的
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①This disturbing(disturb) news really upset me s that I culdn't sleep well.
②He felt disturbed(disturb) when he heard his mther was ill.
eq \a\vs4\al(知识要点7) aplgise vi.道歉，谢罪
[例]I must aplgise that if I ffended yu I didn't mean t.
我必须向您道歉，如果冒犯了您，我不是有意的。
[知识拓展]
(1)aplgise t sb.fr(ding) sth.
因(做)某事向某人道歉
aplgise t 向某人道歉……
(2)aplgy n． 道歉；致歉
make/ffer sb.an aplgy fr (ding) sth.
因(做)某事向某人道歉
accept/refuse sb.'s aplgy接受/拒绝某人的道歉
we sb.an aplgy应向某人道歉
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Yu shuld aplgise t yur teacher fr cming(cme) late.
②I must aplgise fr the dreadful mistake I made.
③She wrte a letter f aplgy(aplgise) but nly under prtest.
eq \a\vs4\al(知识要点8) refer t查阅；参考；谈到；指的是
[例]I mentin this pint nw in passing and shall refer t it again.
这一点现在顺便提一下，以后还会讲到。
[知识拓展]
(1)refer sb./sth.t sb./sth. 让找……处理；让……找/查
refer 把……称为……
(2)reference n.参考，查阅；提及
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The case was referred t the Curt f Appeal.
②The American Indians referred t salt as “magic white sand”．
③Keep the list f numbers near the phne fr easy reference(refer)．
eq \a\vs4\al(知识要点9) impressin n．印象，感想
[例]His trip t India made a strng impressin n him.
他的印度之行对他的触动很大。
[知识拓展]
(1)have an impressin f sth./ding sth.
对(做)某事有印象
make an impressin n sb.给某人留下印象
make n impressin n对……无影响/效果
give sb. a favrable impressin
给某人留下好印象
(2)impress v.留下印象
impress sth. n/upn ne's mind
把……牢记在心上
impress sb.with sth.某事(物)给某人留下深刻印象
be impressed by/with对……印象深刻
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Yur perfrmance gave me a strng impressin(impress)．
②What I said made n impressin n him.
③But this change has nt yet impressed itself n the minds f the British public.
eq \a\vs4\al(重点句式) 强调句
(教材原句P9) It was this research that inspired the phrase “Six Degrees f Separatin”．
正是这项研究启发了“六度分隔”这一说法。
[句式分析]
本句是一个强调句，强调主语this research。
[例1]It was in May that yu can see this kind f flwer.
你在五月可以看到这种花。
[例2]It was n the farm where we wrked that I gt t knw her.
我是在我们工作的农场认识她的。
[知识拓展]
(1)强调结构的陈述句为“It is (was)＋被强调部分＋that (wh)...”。该结构可用于强调主语、宾语、状语等，但不能强调谓语动词。该句式中用that或wh的区别是：当被强调部分是指人时，用that或wh均可；当被强调部分不是指人时，则只能用that(注意不用which)。
(2)一般疑问句的强调结构就是将be提到句首，即使用“Is/Was it＋被强调部分＋that/wh...”。特殊疑问句的强调结构句型为“疑问词(Wh/What/When/Where/Why/Hw)＋is/was it that...”。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①It was I wh/that saw Tm in the park this mrning.
②It is nt wh is right but what is right that is f imprtance.
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．He aplgised(aplgise) t his mther that he went hme late.
2．These bats are smetimes misleadingly referred t as “flying fxes”．
3．There was smething abut him she fund disturbing(disturb)．
4．What is it that keeps a cwby lking strng，yung and ready fr anther rundup?
5．My father impressed n me the value f hard wrk.
6．This statement cnflicted with the ne they made last mnth.
7．I felt encuraged(encurage) by his prgress in his studies.
8．But we have always envied(envy) their strength at the same time.
9．He said he'd call again，and hung up n me.
10．If yu make this argument unreasnably，nt a few peple will disagree(agree) with it.
Ⅱ.短语填空
be based n；hang ut；refer t；in the last few decades；call n；be cnnected t
1．The issues f industrial clusters have attracted much attentin f many schlars in the last few decades．
2．The reprt is based n figures frm six different Eurpean cities.
3．I called n everyne t renunce the use f vilence and armed struggle.
4．Our bservatins may cntain a grain f truth fr yu t refer t．
5．These appliances shuld nt be cnnected t pwer supplies.
6．I can't remember the last time I just hung ut and talked.
Ⅲ.课文语法填空
“Six Degrees f Separatin” refers t the thery 1.that any persn n Earth can be cnnected t any ther persn thrugh a chain f n mre than five ther peple.The cncept was first talked abut in a bk 2.called(call) Everything Is Different.In 1967，an American scilgist，Stanley Milgram，tried t use a new methd，small­wrld prblem，3.t test(test) the thery.He chse a randm sample f peple and asked them t send packages t a stranger.Then sent the parcel nt a cntact f 4.theirs(their)．It nly tk between five and seven peple t get the parcels 5.delivered(deliver)．
Tw cllege students in the United States invented a game，6.which was t link any actr t Kevin Bacn.The game was ppular acrss the United States.Clumbia University 7.recreated(recreate) Milgram's experiment n the Internet，which was knwn 8.as the “Clumbia Small­wrld Prject”．It invlved 24，163 email chains with 18 target peple in 13 different 9.cuntries(cuntry)．The results cnfirmed that the average number f links in the chain was six.
An experiment at Milan University analysed the relatinship between 721 millin scial media users and fund that 92 percent were cnnected by nly fur stages，r five degrees f 10.separatin(separate).
过去时的被动语态
[观察例句]
1．After the accident，the injured were taken t hspital．
2．The classrm was cleaned by us yesterday．
3．By the time he gt t the schl，the first perid had been finished．
4．He said the prductin csts had been reduced．
5．Anther bridge was being built ver the Changjiang River then．
[归纳用法]
(一)一般过去时的的被动语态
1．一般过去时的被动语态的构成
表示过去经常性、习惯性被动动作或过去某一时刻发生的被动性动作。主语(动作承受者)＋was/were＋过去分词(＋by＋施动者)构成。
2．一般过去时的被动语态的用法
一般过去时的被动语态表示过去经常性、习惯性的被动动作或过去某一时刻发生的被动性动作。
This bridge was built last year．
这座桥是去年建的。
Vlleyball was ften played in this playgrund．
这个操场上过去经常有人打排球。
(二)过去完成时的被动语态
1．过去完成时的被动语态的形式
过去完成时的被动语态有以下三种形式：
(1)肯定结构：主语＋had been dne＋其他成分
(2)否定结构：主语＋had nt been dne＋其他成分
(3)一般疑问结构：had＋主语＋been dne＋其他成分；
特殊疑问结构：疑问词＋had＋主语＋been dne＋其他成分
2．过去完成时的被动语态的用法
(1)表示过去某一时间以前已经完成的动作，常与by，befre等引导的时间状语连用。
The classrm hadn't been cleaned befre the teacher came．
直到老师来，教室才被打扫干净。
(2)在tld，said，knew，heard，thught等动词之后的宾语从句中，若表示过去某一被动动作时，用过去完成时。
The by was reminded that his hmewrk had nt been handed in．
男孩记起来他的家庭作业还没上交呢。
(3)根据语意可以判断出动作先后的被动语态，用过去完成时。
As the assignment had been dne，he went n t search the Internet．
任务完成后，他继续上网搜索。
另：当从句由after，befre，when或as sn as引导时，主句和从句都可以用一般过去时。
They lcked the dr befre they left．
他们在离开前锁上了门。
(三)过去进行时的被动语态
1．过去进行时的被动语态的概念
表示过去某个时刻正在进行或者发生的被动性的动作。过去进行时的被动语态的构成：was/were＋being＋动词的过去分词
My father was reading the bk at this time yesterday．(主动语态)
The bk was being read by my father at this time yesterday．(过去进行时的被动语态)
昨天这个时候，我爸爸正在读这本书。
2．过去进行时的被动语态的形式
(1)过去进行时的被动语态的肯定式为：was/were＋being＋dne。
Cmputer was being majred by him during his cllege．
他那时正在大学学计算机专业。
(2)过去进行时的被动语态的否定式为：was/were＋nt＋being＋dne。
The car wasn't being repaired by me then．那时这辆车不是我修理的。
(3)过去进行时的被动语态的一般疑问句需将was/were提到主语的前面。(回答用yes或n)
Was a new library being put up in their schl just then?
他们学校当时正在建一座新图书馆吗？
(4)过去进行时的被动语态的特殊疑问句为：疑问词＋was/were(＋主语)＋being＋dne。
What was being dne t the machine?
对这台机器采取了什么措施？
3．过去进行时的被动语态的用法
(1)过去进行时的被动语态表示过去正在进行的被动动作。
He was being interviewed by ur head master then．
那时他正在接受我们校长的采访。
(2)过去进行时的被动语态一般不与表示一段时间的状语或表示次数的状语连用，这时需要用完成时的被动语态。
The huse ver there has been built fr tw mnths．
那边的房子已经建了两个月了。
(3)少数及物动词的进行时表示按计划、安排将要承受某个动作。
Sme rck music is being played by them next．
下面将由他们演奏一些摇滚音乐。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．Hw many buildings had been destryed(destry) when the hurricane ended?
2．In the early perid f the 17th century，Chinese tea was exprted(exprt) t Eurpe.
3．The media reprted mre than 1，000 peple had been killed(kill) in the earthquake.
4．Sme ntes were passed(pass) up t the speaker.
5．The cllege was being built(build) at this time last year.
6．The bk which had been lst was fund and was returned(return) t the library.
7．The huse was being painted(paint) when we arrived at his hme.
8．Trees were being planted(plant) here at this time last year.
Ⅱ.短文语法填空
It was the night befre New Year.The snw 1.had been fallen(fall) fr a week，and the entire twn 2.was cvered(cver) with snw.In every huse，the children had already gne t bed，3.where they dreamed abut new tys.Their parents were still awake.Presents 4.were taken(take) ut f their hiding place，and 5.were wrapped(wrap) with paper and bws.
I 6.was being sclded(scld) fr nt finishing my hmewrk when a lud nise came.We rushed ut f the huse and fund a car crashed int a big tree.The driver 7.was trapped(trap) in the car.We called 8.fr an ambulance at nce and tried 9.t get(get) the driver ut f the car.Finally，the ambulance arrived and the driver 10. was sent(send) t the hspital.
教材
高考
1.The last persn I tk a pht f was my sister Daisy when we were hanging ut last weekend at the park.
(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)There's als an area n the rftp fr hanging ut with ther travelers during the summer.
2.“Six Degrees f Separatin” refers t the thery that any persn n Earth can be cnnected t any ther persn thrugh a chain f n mre than five ther peple.
(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)It refers t a persn's psitive qualities.
3.The Hungarian authr Frigyes Karinthy published a bk called Everything Is Different in 1929, in which he intrduced the idea f friendship netwrks and his ideas influenced many f ur early impressins f scial netwrks.
(2021·浙江卷)If yu ever get the impressin that yur dg can “tell” whether yu lk cntent r annyed, yu may be nt smething.