高考英语复习 专题05 阅读理解说明文之工作职业8篇+饮食健康6篇+文化3篇+环境保护6篇(模考好题23篇)

这是一份高考英语复习 专题05 阅读理解说明文之工作职业8篇+饮食健康6篇+文化3篇+环境保护6篇(模考好题23篇)，文件包含专题05阅读理解说明文之工作职业8篇+饮食健康6篇+文化3篇+环境保护6篇模考好题23篇原卷版docx、专题05阅读理解说明文之工作职业8篇+饮食健康6篇+文化3篇+环境保护6篇模考好题23篇解析版docx等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共62页， 欢迎下载使用。
一、在复习语言点的时候，要依据语言的横向组合和纵向聚合，按照“点—线—面”顺序，构建知识网络环境。
二、多做高考题，少扣模拟题
1、时间的把控。
2、总结一下各部分的得分情况，了解自己的强弱项。
3、留意出题点，揣摩不同内容出题人的着眼点在哪里，做到知己知彼。
三、多攻词汇表，少记课外词
四、写作。研究高考写作命题话题范围，根据测试的频度和交际场景的生活化程度进行分类。
专题05 阅读理解说明文之工作职业8篇+饮食健康6篇+文化3篇+环境保护6篇(模考好题23篇)
一、概述
说明文是用平实的语言客观地解说事物、阐明事理，给人以知识的文体。题材涉及科技、社会和文化生活等各个领域。说明文的结构特点：1、新闻报道类：总体--细节或过程说明。 2、科普类：社会现象或变化--细节(运作原理或原因阐述)--社会效应和相关启示。3、研究调查类：引出话题--调查结果--调查过程(方法、步骤、人员等)--对现实的影响和未来的展望。4、说明呈现类：总体呈现--细节描述(中心句一般在段首)--总结。
二、技巧点拨
1、关键是抓住说明对象的本质特征。阅读时也要注意说明的顺序，说明的顺序有时间顺序(如事物的发展变化)、空间顺序(如建筑结构)、逻辑顺序(因果、现象与本质)。
2、掌握说明文的说明方法：举例子、作比较——举例子、作比较(对比说明相异、类比说明相似)、列数字、作诠释、下定义、作引用、打比方等。
3、把握文章的脉络和长难句的分析。
模拟演练
01人与自我—工作职业
Passage 1
(2024·江苏盐城·模拟预测)Chief executive fficer. Marketing directr. Lead writer. Jb titles like these have generally been standard acrss wrk fr years. They cmmunicate essential emplyee details such as jb functin and senirity. They make sense t emplyees and recruiters(招聘人员) alike, leaving little rm fr ambiguity. Hwever, labels like “chief visinary fficer”, “business develpment guru(大师) ”r “chief remte fficer” are emerging. In many industries, especially creative nes, emplyers feel free t create jb titles fr emplyees. They can serve as recruitment r retentin(留用) tls — and even grab attentin frm clients.
This was the case fr Lennie Hughes, whse fficial jb title is “head f hype(炒作) and culture” at Truant, a Lndn-based advertising agency. Initially, this psitin was advertised as a mre traditinal “head f marketing and new business“. But, after being recruited, Hughes wrked with Truant t craft a new title fr the rle he’d lead, centred mre n integrating traditinal external branding and cmmunicatins with a fresh take n internal wrkplace culture. He als acknwledges it’s nt withut strategic benefit. “If my jb is all abut getting attentin, the title shuld d that, t.”
Experts and emplyees alike say there can be an upside t flashy jb titles. Pawel Adrjan wrks fr Indeed, a large hiring platfrm. He cites Indeed data, shwing “peple” is utding the traditinal title f “human resurces”; similarly, the title f “talent acquisitin” is up 75% while “recruitment” is dwn 19% since 2019. Adrjan says, “By using ‘peple’ in the title, emplyers can say they invest in peple. Thrugh this language, cmpanies are trying t shw they dn’t regard emplyees as resurces t tap.”
But beware, these fancy new titles aren’t all gd news. Smetimes they ffer little guidance as t what their jb actually invlves. Ultimately, when a nn-descriptive, verblwn jb title is used as a cstless recruiting methd t bst wrker eg(自尊心), it can lead t a mismatch in expectatins between emplyer and emplyee. At the extreme end, this culd place wrkers in a tugh psitin where they end up in a rle that desn’t match what they thught was prmised.
1. What best explains“ambiguity”underlined in paragraph 1?
A. Grwth.B. Cnfusin.C. Discussin.D. Imprvement.
2. Which f the fllwing best describes Lennie Hughes?
A. Hard-wrking.B. Hnest.C. Cnsiderate.D. Innvative.
3. What des paragraph 3 tell us abut the new jb titles?
A. They are mainly used t attract investment.
B. They are starting t lse ppularity amng emplyers.
C. They can make emplyees feel mre respected.
D. They can help cmpanies tap a brader candidate pl.
4. What des the last paragraph mainly fcus n?
A. The grwing mismatch between wrkers and their jb titles.
B. The negative impact f uncnventinal jb titles.
C. The unrealistic expectatins f emplyers.
D. The tugh psitin f mdern wrkers.
Passage 2
(2024·湖南长沙·一模)Cathy Winstn is a sprts nutritinist. Amng her regulars are athletes. Cathy thrives n the variety, with each new sprt prviding new challenges and a renewed appreciatin f her chsen field f expertise. In her view, dealing with athletes frm varius sprt backgrunds helps her becme seasned, which is a key part f being a successful nutritinist. “Yu have t understand nutritin and peple, and then yu can begin t wrk in this field,” she says. “Besides, in tennis yu must learn t be reactive, because yu dn’t knw hw lng the match lasts. Hwever, it’s 90 minutes in ftball s yu knw what yu’re fueling fr.”
Regardless f the sprt, Cathy’s attitude remains the same: Any athlete failing t respect nutritin is ne wh is failing t fulfill their ptential. It’s a key part f the training prcess. It’s nt just smething that yu take casually. She advises her athletes t hld nutritin in the same regard as they d their mst crucial bit f equipment. “Just as yu wuldn’t frget t put yur shin pads(护腿板) r yur bts in yur kit bag, dn’t frget t put in yur drinks and yur snacks. That infrms hw well yu train, because yu can’t get ut if yu haven’t put in.”
Nutritinists are smetimes unfairly represented as militant(斗志昂扬的) types telling what athletes can and can’t eat. But Cathy insists that when t eat is mre imprtant than what. “It’s abut when’s the right time t have it in,” she says. It’s a message that Cathy says can take a while t sink in. “A lt f bxers say, ‘but bananas make yu fat, right?’, and there’s this inherent belief that we mustn’t eat thse kinds f things. But it’s nt abut what t cut ut. It’s abut making sure that yu’ve gt the fundatin right fr health and perfrmance. It’s that ne size fits ne. It’s what wrks fr yu. T be an excellent athlete, yu really need t be an exceptinal eater.”
1. What des Cathy think abut her jb?
A. It hardly faces new challenges in every cmpetitin.
B. It mainly fcuses n the duratin f matches.
C. It merely needs t understand nutritin and peple.
D. It highly values experience and flexibility.
2. Hw des Cathy emphasize the imprtance f nutritin t athletes?
A. By making a cmparisn.B. By analyzing a phenmenn.
C. By telling a stry.D. By prviding data.
3. Accrding t Cathy, what is a fundamental principle behind successful sprts nutritin?
A. Fcusing n the timing f the diet.
B. Cutting ut specific fds frm the diet.
C. Fllwing a strict and militant diet plan.
D. Increasing the variety f fds.
4. What des the authr intend t tell us?
A. Fd has a say in the sprts field.
B. Nutritinists act as unsung heres behind athletes.
C. Nutritin determines the results in the cmpetitin.
D. A gd eater is a great athlete.
Passage 3
(2024高三下·山东·开学考试)If yur bss yells, blames yu, and then takes the credit fr yur wrk—even it is a rare incident—it can have a bad effect n yur well-being and perfrmance at the wrkplace.
“Thankfully, abusive leadership isn’t t cmmn, but when it happens it leaves emplyees far less likely t take the initiative and wrk t imprve business practices,” said Hwie Xu, an authr f a new study carried ut by an internatinal grup f researchers. “We wanted t understand the cgmitive factrs behind that effect—and find ut hw cmpanies can prtect their emplyees frm the negative impact f bad bsses.”
Xu’s team surveyed emplyees and supervisrs frm 42 different Suth Krean cmpanies, alng with hundreds f US students, t explre the ways in which abusive supervisin impacts“taking charge”behavir by emplyees. Subjects were then ranked accrding t whether they actively seek psitive pprtunities fr prmtin and advancement r take a mre preventative apprach that priritizes safety and jb security.
“We therized that bth the drive t btain rewards (prmtin, bnuses) and the drive t avid punishments (maintain jb security) wuld shape the way emplyees respnd t abusive bsses,” Xu explained. But that’ s nt what Xu and his team fund. Rather, they fund that emplyees wh priritized career advancement were strngly affected by abusive leadership while emplyees wh priritized jb security remained just as likely t take charge after experiencing abusive leadership.
One pssible explanatin, Xu said, is that ambitius emplyees may think an abusive bss has direct cntrl ver whether they will receive bnuses r pprtunities fr prmtin. By cntrast, bad bsses may be seen as having less direct cntrl ver fring decisins, which ften require ratificatin(批准) by HR teams r mre senir managers.
That’s an imprtant finding, because it suggests that rganizatins seeking t lessen the impact f bad leadership shuld fcus n giving pwer t emplyees and making them feel valued and appreciated, rather than simply aplgizing and making them feel sure that their jbs are safe.
1. What d Hwi Xu’s wrds in paragraph 2 suggest?
A. It’s urgent fr cmpanies t replace their bad bsses.
B. Cmpanies shuld perfect their staff evaluatin system.
C. Becming a victim f abusive leadership is very nrmal.
D. Abusive leadership lwers emplyees’ wrk enthusiasm.
2. What cnclusin can be drawn frm paragraph 4?
A. The finding had a slid thery fundatin.
B. The finding was beynd the study team’s expectatins.
C. Emplyees tend t put ptential rewards befre everything else.
D. Emplyees generally hld an unfriendly attitude tward abusive bsses.
3. What shuld rganizatins primarily d if the emplyees were abused?
A. Give them suitable recgnitin.B. Guarantee them jb security.
C. Seek help frm prfessinals.D. Make a sincere aplgy t them.
4. What is the best title fr the text?
A. It’s Pssible t Keep a Bad Bss at Bay
B. It’ s Imprtant t Avid Becming a Bad Bss
C. Having a Bad Bss May Make Yu a Wrse Emplyee
D. Having Bad HR Teams Keeps Yu Away frm Jb Satisfactin
Passage 4
(2024高三下·河北保定·开学考试)When this year’s all-wman team arrived n Antarctica’s Gudier Island t run the wrld’s mst remte pst ffice, it was shvels they needed rather than stamps.
They’d traveled sme 8,000 miles frm the UK, by plane and bat, and Britain’s Ryal Navy had helped them dig ut their new hme at the Prt Lckry scientific base, which was buried up t fur meters deep under several tnnes f December snw.
It wasn’t just the frzen wastes that first struck pstmaster Clare Ballantyne, wh at 23 years ld was the baby f the fur-wman grup. It was that “there’s penguins everywhere.”
Mre than a thusand Gent penguins live n this tiny island n the western side f the Antarctic peninsula(半岛), arund the size f a sccer field. Since 1944, when the UK’s first permanent Antarctic base was established here, it’s als becme a shelter fr explrers, scientists and — in recent years — turists.
Each year, a team is selected t run and maintain the site frm Nvember t March, r summertime in the suthern hemisphere. Arund 4,000 peple applied fr this jb, but just fur made the cut: Ballantyne, base leader Lucy Bruzzne, wildlife mnitr Mairi Hiltn and shp manager Natalie Crbett.
The jb als invlves cunting penguins: The scientific data they gather n the Gents’ breeding patterns is part f a decades-lng study f the clny.
When it cmes t chsing candidates, “there is n recipe we can fllw,” says Ballantyne. “It’s abut yur ability t wrk tgether as a team. Cheeriness ges a lng way, being able t see the light in life and reslve prblems quickly.”
Ballantyne ntes that there has been “a bit f a decline in recent years in the breeding success” f the Gent penguins, but says “the causal cnnect in is the tricky bit.” While climate change is prbably “the biggest driver,” they als need t carefully examine if there’s a “human element” as well. In her pinin, Antarctica turism has bmed significantly in the past cuple f decades, but there aren’t legally enfrced limits n turism, which hpes t be a regulated industry.
1. What is the task f the all-wman team?
A. Making ut all the living habits f penguins.B. Serving as pstmasters and envirnmentalists.
C. Designing stamps linked t the Antarctic peninsula.D. Managing a pst ffice including cunting penguins.
2. What d we knw abut Gudier Island?
A. It’s situated n the eastern side f the Antarctic peninsula.
B. Sme scientists use it as a sccer field in their spare time.
C. It’s fit fr man t study the Antarctic and live temprarily.
D. The number f the penguins n it has risen sharply.
3. What kind f wmen can be chsen as a team member?
A. Being ptimistic, cmpetent and cperative.B. Being sensitive, curageus and determined.
C. Being hardwrking, mdest and empathetic.D. Being independent, elegant and generus.
4. What can we infer frm the last paragraph?
A. Climate change leads t the decline f penguins.B. Plar turism desires fr imprved management.
C. Humans and penguins live in peace in the Antarctic.D. Antarctica turism has influenced climate change.
Passage 5
(2024高三上·江苏扬州·期末)When Jean-Philippe Michel, a career cach, wrks with secndary schl students, he desn’t use the wrd “prfessin”. Rather than encuraging his yung clients t chse a prfessin, say, architect r engineer, he wrks backwards frm the skills that each student wants t acquire.
Deciding the skills yu want t use leads t a career that’s mre targeted — and thus mre likely t bring yu satisfactin. “They need t shift frm thinking abut jbs and careers t thinking abut challenges and prblems,” Michel says.
“The purpse is t help teenagers plan fr a “prtfli career”, which is made up f numerus micr-jbs and will be better received in the next decade, ”says Michel. “Instead f identifying yur jb rle r descriptin, yu will be cnstantly adding skills based n what is ging t make yu mre emplyable,” says Jeanne Meister.c-authr f The Future Wrkplace Experience.
Mre traditinal cmpanies are ffering varius prject pprtunities t their wn emplyees. Wrkers are encuraged t chse their next prjects based n their skills, r skills they want t develp, which can mean wrking in different parts f the cmpany. Fr cmpanies, the payff fr experimenting with internal prject-based pprtunities means wrkers are less likely t jump frm ne cmpany t the next. Micr-jbs can inspire a sense f belnging and autnmy within a cmpany, which in turn might keep staff frm jb-hpping (跳槽) t the cmpetitin
“But when it cmes t building a lng-term career, there are disadvantages t creating a prtfli f wrk,” say experts. If yu cnstantly hp frm ne prject t the next, the change can be jarring and leave yu withut a clear path t success. “With fewer prmtins and changes t jb titles, it can be mre difficult t feel like yu’re succeeding even if yu’re regularly cmpleting prjects,” says career cach Michel.
Of curse, it can take cmpanies years t change frm traditinal mentality t what bsts prfessinal grwth.
1. Why des Michel avid using the wrd “prfessin” with his students?
A. T help them realize what they want t be.
B. T encurage them t chse a dream jb.
C. T enable them t master survival skills.
D. T guide them t fcus mre n challenges
2. What is the advantage f prtfli career t emplyees?
A. It will make them mre ppular with clleagues.
B. It will equip them with mre cmpetitive skills.
C. It will discurage them frm switching jbs.
D, It will help them enjy a stable wrking state.
3. What des the underlined wrd “‘jarring” in paragraph 6 mean?
A. Unpleasant.B. Significant.C. Permanent.D. Unavidable.
4. What’s the authr’s attitude twards prtfli career?
A. Supprtive.B. Objective.C. Dubtful.D. Intlerant.
Passage 6
(2024高三上·江苏·阶段练习)Catfish effect is the effect that a strng cmpetitr has in causing the weak t better themselves. Actins dne t actively apply this effect in an rganizatin are termed catfish management.
In Nrway, live sardines are several times mre expensive than frzen nes, and are valued fr better texture and flavr. It was said that nly ne ship culd bring live sardines hme, and the shipmaster kept his methd a secret. After he died, peple fund that there was ne catfish in the tank. The catfish keeps swimming, and the sardines try t avid this predatr (捕食者). This increased level f activity keeps the sardines active, thus, increasing their survival rate greatly.
Catfish effect has been ne f the httest tpics in human resurces management. Therefre, I will keep the explanatin shrt and sweet. When an utsider jins a well-established team as a cmpetitr, he causes the weak t better their perfrmance. This methd is meant t mtivate each f the teammates t feel the cmpetitin in rder t keep up the cmpetitiveness level f the whle team.
Hwever, adding a catfish in the team can als bring in the dwnside in the grup’s dynamics.
The team wuld g back t the strming stage. Under-perfrmers wuld becme mre negative abut the change that the catfish tried t implement(实施) because they wuld see it as a threat. The failed attempt f implementatin f changing will create under-perfrmance in the team as a whle, which will lead t a greater management challenge.
The key emplyee r backbne emplyee will feel demtivated because the pprtunity t get a mre senir jb has decreased. If there are t many catfish in the cmpany, this wuld generate a stressful wrk envirnment. The emplyee wuld cnstantly wrry if they are being “preyed” by the catfish. The mental burden wuld create a harmful crprate culture and increase the distrust between emplyees.
A high standard is required n the catfish. The catfish wuld eventually turn int a leading rle in the team. Lack in leadership skill frm the catfish wuld lead t a bigger chas in the wrkplace. Wrst situatin wuld be setting up a bad leadership rle mdel t further an unhealthy cmpetitive envirnment.
1. What is paragraph 2 f the text mainly abut?
A. The magic trick f catching sardines.B. The underlying lgic f the effect.
C. The exact rigin f the legend.D. The great wisdm f a catfish.
2. What may a catfish mean t backbnes f the cmpany?
A. Unfair crprate culture.B. Vilent wrk envirnment.
C. Great management challenge.D. Reduced prmtin chance.
3. Which might be the slutin t the dwnside f a catfish?
A. Qualifying a catfish fr a leading rle.B. Setting up a harmnius relatinship.
C. Creating a less cmpetitive wrkplace.D. Stpping a catfish entering a cmpany.
4. What’s the authr’s attitude twards adding a catfish in the cmpany?
A. Subjective.B. Pessimistic.C. Objective.D. Dubtful.
Passage 7
(2024高三上·浙江·阶段练习)Tday, being freelancers(自由职业者) is ne f the mst pwerful trends in the way we wrk. Accrding t a current study, there are 70.4 millin freelancers in the US. By 2028, this number will increase t 90.1 millin, r54% f the wrkfrce, basically divided equally between genders.
It wuld appear t be slid guidance in tday’s mdern wrkfrce t tell sme ne wh wants the “3Fs”— flexibility, fulfillment, and financial independence--t “just g freelance”, right? The large numbers and data supprt this directin and suggest that it culd be regarded as safe and wise advice.
Hwever, telling smene wh is unhappy in their current prfessinal situatin t “just g freelance”, is like telling them t climb Mt Qmlangma withut xygen: 5% f climbers have succeeded, s it can be dne, but there will be hardship and a much higher chance f failure. Just as ne shuld weigh the risks f attempting t climb the 8848.86m muntain withut essential supplies, the idea f being freelancers must be truly understd.
The number is increasingly grwing, hwever, actually three quarters f self-described freelancers in the USare part-time, meaning the vast majrity are using freelance wrk as a side hustle(副业). What’s mre, research shws that 70% f full-time freelancers participated in upskilling training. Besides, mre than half (58%) f freelancers have experienced nn-payment frm clients, and mst d nt have retirement plans r affrdable health insurance. Many freelancers fail after the first year as a result f making avidable mistakes with nly a third making it.
We can’t simply tell peple t “just g freelance” unless we als tell them t invest in training and cperate with like-minded, supprtive cmmunities t strengthen industry rights befre they start their jurney t the summit as an individual, but never alne.
1. Which f the fllwing is NOT a benefit as a freelancer?
A. Flexible schedule.
B. Safer envirnment.
C. Less financial reliance.
D. A sense f achievement.
2. Why des the authr mentin “Mt Qmlangma” in paragraph3?
A. T indicate a bright future f freelancers.
B. T shw the determinatin f freelancers.
C. T highlight the challenge f reaching the tp.
D. T emphasize the imprtance f weighing risks.
3. What’s the authr’s attitude twards the grwing number f freelancers?
A. Cncerned.B. Supprtive.C. Understandable.D. Ambiguus.
4. What’s the main idea f the text?
A. Mst f the freelancers meet with failure.
B. Many Americans chse t be freelancers.
C. Being a freelancer is nt as easy as imagined.
D. Ging freelance brings us a prmising future.
Passage 8
(2024高三上·浙江·期中)Businesses are nw in cst-cutting mde. Title inflatin(头衔通胀) has crept int the wrkplace. Layffs, hiring freezes and cncerns abut a recessin(经济衰退) are plaguing emplyers.
T balance this unique ecnmic envirnment, emplyers have figured ut a way t cmfrt emplyees and jb applicants withut spending mre mney. They are ffering impressive titles t sften the blw f nt prviding a raise t internal emplyees r big cmpensatin t jb candidates.
An emplyee’s title is their identity. It gives them credibility in the ffice and makes them feel mre pwerful. In this sense, the plicy is a sensible way t help keep staff and attract tp candidates.
But if yu dn’t really deserve the new title, it culd cme back and truble yu. Recruiters will be pleased t find a candidate wh is a pe rfect fit fr a significant, well-paying psitin in terms f skills, backgrund, and previus experience. Hwever, a stumbling blck arises when they ntice the candidate has a higher title than the client ffers. Since a recruiter wants t make a placement and earn a fee, they wn’t waste time and will seek ut ther candidates wh are a better fit.
Even if the recruiters decide t cntact the candidate, there’s a gd chance the candidate wn’t accept. Because mst peple aren’t aware that their title was inflated and believe it was a reward fr their utstanding perfrmance. Understandably, they wuld be ffended if they received a lwer-level pst. Nw that yu are at a certain level, yu dn’t want t g backward.
What’s mre, if yur current title is t high, it raises red flags. Fr example, when searching fr a new jb, if yur title is “directr,” but the new rle is under that level, the interviewer will curiusly inquire, “why d yu want t g dwn in title?” There will be an assumptin frm the hiring manager that smething isn’t right. They may feel that the jb seeker is leaving befre being fired and willing t dwngrade. Rather than trying t figure ut the mtivatins f the candidate, they’ll mve n t thers wh have a cleaner stry withut any baggage.
1. What des the underlined wrd “plaguing” in paragraph 1 prbably mean?
A. Shcking.B. Embarrassing.C. Trubling.D. Cnfusing.
2. What can we learn abut emplyees with impressive titles?
A. They tend t lk dwn upn thers.
B. Their salaries dn’t match their titles.
C. Their fear f being fired will disappear.
D. They get a gd platfrm fr develpment.
3. What will a recruiter prbably d if a candidate’s title is higher than the client ffers?
A. Have a discussin with the client.
B. Cntact the jb applicant immediately.
C. Exclude the candidate frm cnsideratin.
D. Gather mre infrmatin abut the candidate.
4. What is hiring managers’ attitude twards thse wh chse t dwngrade?
A. Enthusiastic.B. Dismissive.C. Appreciative.D. Dubtful.
02 人与自我-饮食健康
Passage 1
(2024·河北衡水·模拟预测)Researchers in Germany have fund leftvers f 5,000-year-ld burnt prridge inside a ceramic(陶瓷的) pt. The pt was unearthed at a Nelithic settlement knwn as Oldenburg LA 77. Histrians say the site was nce hme t ne f the ldest villages in the German regin f Schleswig-Hlstein. “As sn as we lked inside the persn’s cking pt, it was bvius that smething went wrng.” says Lucy Kubiak-Martens, an archaebtanist with the Dutch research firm BIAX Cnsult.
The prblem? Whever attempted t make their meal that day must have cked it fr a bit t lng, burning the grains inside.
The research was a teamwrk between Kiel University and Kenaz Cnsult and Labratry, bth in Germany, and BIAX Cnsult. The team used electrn micrscpy (显微术) t learn abut the chemical cmpsitin f the fd leftvers. Althugh burning the fd may have ruined smene’s meal thusands f years ag, it als helped preserve the leftvers, allwing tday’s researchers t get a better lk.
“While the animal fats are absrbed int the ceramic and leave a signal there, the plant fd cmpnents can nly be detected in the burnt fd crust,” says Kubiak-Martens in a statement frm Kiel University. The researchers fund that the leftvers cntain barley (大麦) and emmer grains, as well as seeds frm a white gseft plant. They als learned that the barley was harvested and prepared in a style similar t that f cntemprary German farmers. The wheat appears t have been prcessed in a spruted (发芽) state., which has “several advantages ver unsupprted grain”, accrding t the study. Spruted gains als have nutritinal benefits, such as higher levels f imprtant vitamins like irn and vitamin C, and they are easier t digest.
“Fd in the Nelithic Age was therefre by n means tasteless, but rather varied,” accrding t the statement. “Peple had a highly differentiated sense f taste and attached great imprtance t gd flavur.”
Previusly, researchers thught the pt held dairy prducts. The new analysis revealed that the leftvers were actually a “sphisticated preparatin f plant-based fdstuffs”. The team hpes their findings will help prvide a mre cmprehensive understanding f dietary habits in the regin.
1. Why did the fd leftvers get preserved?
A. They were burnt by accident.B. They were inside a ceramic pt.
C. They were stred in a special way.D. They cntained sme special chemicals.
2. What can we infer abut the Nelithic peple?
A. They liked t eat burnt fd.B. They had a pr sense f taste.
C. They paid little attentin t nutritin.D. They knew hw t make different fds.
3. What did researchers think pts cntained initially?
A. Burnt prridge.B. Dairy prducts.C. Animal fats.D. Plant seeds.
4. What’s the best title fr the text?
A. An Analysis f Fd LeftversB. A Teamwrk n Fd Research
C. The Dietary Habits f AncestrsD. Burnt Prridge Inside an Ancient Pt
Passage 2
(2024·安徽·二模)There’s a large number f questins and cncerns abut the appearance f eggs. Any slight clud, strange white wrinkles, different clred shell, r red spts, and we take pause. In fact, they’re all perfectly safe t eat, and dn’t even substantially change the taste.
One dd ccurrence: Seeing a cmpletely white r incredibly light-yellw ylk(蛋黄). Often, it is enugh t drive yu t Ggle search r call yur mm t duble-check if it’s OK t cnsume. The gd news is that yu dn’t need t thrw away that fried egg frm the pan. Cming acrss a white ylk is perfectly natural, thugh it’s a little rare in the United States.
The clr f yur egg ylk depends n the feed f the chickens. In the U. S., chickens typically eat a diet f yellw crn, and the pigments(色素) frm the plant make their way int the egg ylks. Thse pigments are als what give chicken skin and fat its yellwish clr. If the chicken happens t eat mre white crn than yellw, the ylk will be paler as well.
If yu’ve traveled verseas, yu’ve prbably nticed that the clr f ylks varies widely acrss the glbe. Again. this difference cmes dwn t what the chickens are eating. In many African cuntries, fr example, chickens typically have a diet f mstly srghum, a grain with much less yellw pigmentatin than yellw crn, resulting in lighter. r cmpletely white ylks. In Suth American cuntries, yu will ntice pink, bld range. r almst reddish ylks, because their chicken feed is rich in red seeds.
In the U. S., many peple falsely assciate darker ylks with happier hens r higher nutritin. Farmers can easily manipulate the chicken feed t include carrts, alfalfa(苜蓿) pwder, r red seeds t determine the clr f their chickens’ eggs.
1. Why are peple s cncerned abut the appearance f eggs?
A. It affects the prices.B. It is related t fd safety.
C. It is linked with their nutritin.D. It determines the clr f ylk.
2. Hw d peple find a white ylk accrding t Paragraph 2?
A. Abnrmal.B. Delicius.C. Fresh.D. Natural.
3. What affects the clr f the egg ylk mst?
A. The fd hens eat.B. The clr f the hens.
C. The type f the hens.D. The freshness f the eggs.
4. Why d farmers add alfalfa pwder r red seeds t the feed f chickens?
A. T cut dwn the farm csts.B. T make their eggs easily preserved.
C. T prmte their eggs’ attractin.D. T imprve the health f chickens.
Passage 3
(23-24高三下·广东·阶段练习)A new bk titled Lngjiang Cuisine·Inheritance, jintly written by several Chinese masters in the cuisine field, such as Meng Xianze and Li Zhenrng, was unveiled in Fuzhu, Fujian Prvince, recently.
The bk discusses the develpment and inheritance(传承) f Lngjiang cuisine with gurmet masters and chefs frm all ver the cuntry, explring the histry and culture f Lngjiang cuisine and making cntributins t the develpment and inheritance f the fd culture.
Lngjiang Cuisine·Inheritance is nt nly a bk that recrds and analyzes Lngjiang cuisine in detail, but is als an attempt that shws the inheritance and innvatin f the dishes. In the bk, mre than 200 classic Lngjiang dishes, such as lw-temperature slw-rasted big white fish with Trichlma matsutake, snw-cated bean paste and brewed crab yellw dragn crisp, are included and their cking skills are intrduced as well.
Frm cnceptin t cmpletin, the bk has been supprted and helped by many walks f the sciety, especially Heilngjiang’s Lngjiang Cuisine Industry Assciatin. The bk bears the lifelng effrts f several generatins f culinary masters, intrducing the unique charm (魅力) and cking techniques f Lngjiang cuisine as well as the prfund histrical and cultural heritage behind it.
“We lk frward that Lngjiang Cuisine·Inheritance will enable mre peple t knw and get familiar with Lngjiang’s special dishes, and make the charm and cultural heritage mre widely recgnized,” Yang Liu, president f China Cuisine Assciatin, said at the press cnference held at the bk launch.
The release f Lngjiang Cuisine·Inheritance has undubtedly brught a new wind fr the Heilngjiang catering industry. T cater the imprvement f peple’s living standards and the attentin t health care, Lngjiang dishes are gradually changing t “clear, light, elegant and tnic (补)” in shape and taste, and many dishes integrate new ideas and new elements.
1. What des the underlined wrd “unveiled” in paragraph 1 mean?
A. Outlined.B. Released.C. Sld.D. Discussed.
2. What is the bk aimed at?
A. Integrating cking skills.B. Intrducing Lngjiang cuisine culture.
C. Prmting living standards.D. Advcating health y eating.
3. Why are sme dishes listed in paragraph 3?
A. T bst their fame.B. T shw their wide appeal.
C. T serve as classic examples.D. T advertise them t custmers.
4. In what aspect may the bk impact Heilngjiang catering industry?
A. Cnceptin f cuisine.B. Evaluatin f fd nutritin.
C. Innvatin in dish shape and taste.D. Identificatin f the lcal culture.
Passage 4
(2024·湖北·二模)Despite its benefits, drinking milk int adulthd, let alne ther animals’ milk, is a strange behavir in the animal kingdm. What makes it even stranger is that an estimated 68 percent f the glbal human ppulatin is actually lactse(乳糖) intlerant. Scientists are still getting t the bttm f why the practice began and cntinued. This research culd unlck new understandings f ur fd cultures and even ur DNA.
The earliest evidence f animal milk drinking dates back almst 9. 000 years t mdern-day Turkey near the sea f Marmara. where milk fats have been fund n ancient pttery. Accrding t Jessica Hendy. a scientist at the University f Yrk. then milk wuld have been part f a diverse diet fr it was mixed with ther fd. Frm its rigins, the technlgy f making use f milk spread int the Caucasus and then acrss Eurpe. By the Brnze Age, peple may have been using cw’s milk t feed their babies.
Fr a lng time, researchers believed that milk drinking changed as a cultural practice hand in hand with the spread f genetic mutatins(变异) that allwed peple t tlerate milk int adulthd. But ne recent finding suggests milk drinking ccurred befre these mutatins and might nt even require them. In Eurpe. peple appear t have been drinking milk fr thusands f years befre any genetic ability t drink milk became cmmn. The ancient cheese making equipment might ffer part f the slutin: Fermenting (发酵) milk int ygurt. cheese, r ther prducts reduces the amunt f lactse. In Mnglia. researchers have nt yet fund a genetic mutatin that allws peple t digest lactse, despite the majr rle f milk in that culture. S sme scientists held that there might be ther ptential factrs helping.
What we d knw abut the histry f milk reveals hw wrng-headed ne-size-fits-all nutritinal guidance can be. In mdern America. milk drinking has been presented as a universal gd. In reality, hw milk is prepared can change the nutritinal picture, and hw much ur bdies prcess depends, at least in part. n ur wn genes.
1. What can we learn abut milk drinking frm paragraph 2?
A. It used t be a symbl f identity.B. It initially started with little babies.
C. It was the key diet f ancient peple.D. It has been a human traditin fr lng.
2. Why des the authr mentin Eurpe in paragraph 3?
A. T give a suggestin.B. T define a cncept.
C. T make a predictin.D. T clarify a finding.
3. What can be inferred frm the last paragraph?
A. Milk cnsumptin functins as a cure-all.
B. Milk intake varies frm persn t persn.
C. Milk’s nutritinal value is beynd imaginatin.
D. One’s milk digestive ability changes cnstantly.
4. Which f the fllwing can be the best title fr the text?
A. The Mystery f Drinking Milk
B. The Prcess f Genetic Mutatins
C. The Phenmenn f Lactse Intlerance
D. The Technlgy f Making Milk Prducts
Passage 5
(2024·安徽六安·模拟预测)If yu haven’t taken dwn yur Christmas tree yet, n wrries. Here’s an idea: have yu ever thught abut eating it?
Julia Gergallis has sme recipes. Over the last five years, she’s been preparing carefully fr Christmas dinners in Lndn with a friend. “Hw can we make smething sustainable arund Christmas time? What can we cat? What’s the thing that n ne eats and that smehw represents Christmas? And then we just decided n Christmas trees,” Gergallis says.
She turned it int a bk, Hw t Eat Yur Christmas Tree. And her idea is that it’s nt that dd. Sme peple enjy Christmas wine. Sme peple like t g shpping and mst peple can get behind saving the planet.
“What I aimed fr this bk t d, really, was t get peple thinking abut the dd ways that they can be mre sustainable in their daily lives,” Gergallis says.
“Eating Christmas trees isn’t ging t save any animals in danger r freeze any ice caps. But if we start t think abut everything that we d as a whle, then that builds up, yu knw, and that helps,” she says.
Mst f the recipes in her bk use the needles frm the tree. “Yu’d use the needles like a herb,” she says.
“And different Christmas trees kind f have different flavrs. They’re quite subtle, but they d have different flavrs. S fir (冷杉), which is a really ppular chice f Christmas trees, gives peple better feeling and atmsphere. And then yu have pine, which is a little bit mre delicate.”
A warning: sme Christmas trees are pisnus if eaten — like cypress and cedars. And be sure yur tree wasn’t sprayed with pesticides (杀虫剂) and ther chemicals. “S if yu have any dubt that yur Christmas tree might nt have been grwn t eat, then maybe dn’t eat it,” Gergallis says.
And, f curse, dn’t even think abut eating yur artificial tree!
S, with all thse instructins and with the apprpriate tree, what culd we ck? Well, Gergallis’ bk has all srts f recipes fr different fds and drinks. Let’s pen up the wrld’s cuisine with simple ingredients!
1. What’s the main purpse f Gergallis’ bk?
A. T tell peple nt t buy real trees.B. T inspire peple t be mre ec-friendly.
C. T teach peple hw t enjy Christmas wine.D. T encurage peple t thrw away dd traditins.
2. Which f the fllwing might Gergallis agree with?
A. Artificial trees can als be cked.
B. Eating Christmas trees des gd t saving animals.
C. Different trees have different features and tastes.
D. All Christmas trees have their wn ways t be cked.
3. What may be talked abut fllwing the last paragraph?
A. Tips fr chsing Christmas trees.B. Warnings fr cking Christmas meals.
C. Cmparisn between real and artificial trees.D. Recipes fr different fds with Christmas trees.
4. Where is this text mst likely frm?
A. A diary.B. A nvel.C. A scientific reprt.D. A lifestyle magazine.
Passage 6
(2024·湖北十堰·模拟预测)Persistently engaging in negative thinking patterns may raise the risk f Alzheimer’s disease, finds a new UCL-led study.
In the study f peple aged ver 55, published in Alzheimer’s & Dementia, researchers fund ‘repetitive negative thinking’ (RNT) is linked t subsequent cgnitive decline as well as the depsitin(沉积) f harmful brain prteins linked t Alzheimer’s.
Lead authr Dr Natalie Marchant (UCL Psychiatry) said, “Depressin and anxiety in mid-life and ld age are already knwn t be risk factrs fr dementia(痴呆). Here, we fund that certain thinking patterns invlved in depressin and anxiety culd be an underlying reasn why peple with thse disrders are mre likely t develp dementia.”
“We hpe that ur findings culd be used t develp strategies t lwer peple’s risk f dementia by helping them t reduce their negative thinking patterns.”
Fr the Alzheimer’s Sciety-supprted study, the research team frm UCL, INSERM and McGill University studied 292 peple ver the age f 55.
Over a perid f tw years, the study participants respnded t questins abut hw they typically think abut negative experiences, fcusing n RNT patterns like thughts abut the past and wrry abut the future. The participants als cmpleted measures f depressin and anxiety symptms. Their cgnitive functin was assessed, measuring memry, attentin, spatial cgnitin, and language.
The researchers fund that peple wh exhibited higher RNT patterns experienced mre cgnitive decline ver a fur-year perid, and declines in memry (which is amng the earlier signs f Alzheimer’s disease).
“We prpse that repetitive negative thinking may be a new risk factr fr dementia as it culd cntribute t dementia in a unique way,” said Dr Marchant.
C-authr Dr Gael Chételat cmmented, “Our thughts can have a bilgical impact n ur physical health, which might be psitive r negative. Mental training practices such as meditatin might help prmting psitive while dwn-regulating negative-assciated mental schemes.”
“Lking after yur mental health is imprtant, and it shuld be a majr public health pririty, as it’s nt nly imprtant fr peple’s health and well-being in the shrt term, but it culd als impact yur eventual risk f dementia.”
1. What is repetitive negative thinking (RNT) cnnected t?
A. Thinking apprach imprvement in later years.
B. Anxiety disrders which ccur in females slely.
C. Individuals f yunger age, which is turning int a trend.
D. Later cgnitive decline and the depsit f harmful brain prteins.
2. What can we learn abut certain thinking patterns accrding t Dr Natalie Marchant?
A. They have n substantial impact n dementia.
B. They might lead t peple getting dementia easily.
C. They are relevant primarily in mid-life, nt in ld age.
D. They are primary cntributrs t depressin and anxiety disrders.
3. What were the participants asked abut in the study?
A. Their daily rutines and habits.
B. Their favrite persnal experiences.
C. Their typical thinking abut negative experiences.
D. Their perspectives n varius mental health practices.
4. What can we infer frm the text?
A. Cntrlling negative emtins is beneficial t health.
B. Repetitive negative patterns increase memry in a sense.
C. Mental health f the elderly always ges unnticed in public.
D. Cnstantly engaging in thinking leads t ne’s dementia in time.
03 人与社会-文化习俗
Passage 1
(2024·安徽安庆·二模)The Feast f the Seven Fishes is an Italian-American traditin that dates back t an immigratin (移民) wave in the 1900s. The Italian American traditin f the “Feast f the Seven Fishes” has appeared in mvies and recently in the hit shw The Bear. But talking f the rigin, yu’ll get many different answers. The Feast f the Seven Fishes is a dear traditin t many Italian Americans wh enjy at least seven different seafd dishes n Christmas Eve.
A vast majrity f Italian immigrants t the United States were frm rural Suthern Italy at the turn f the 19th century. They came t America because there were jbs frm building railrads t skyscrapers. Friends and families fund success and brught their lved nes t the U.S. Sme say fish was chsen fr the Feast because it was plentiful fr impverished families in Suthern Italy. Others say the sea represented Italian Americans’ cnnectin between their ld and new hmes.
Writer and directr Rbert Tinnell made a cmic in 2004 abut his experience with the Feast f the Seven Fishes, which he later made int a 2019 mvie. Grwing up in Nrth Central West Virginia, he fndly remembers his great grandmther rganizing the Feast. After she died, his grandfather and ther men in the family tk ver. That particular manly activity is smething that the first Italian immigrants wuld have als perfrmed ut f necessity: men came t America first, withut their wives and daughters.
Hwever, knwledge abut where t shp, when t prepare, hw t ck, the histry behind the meal and family traditins sn became the respnsibility f mthers t pass dwn t their daughters, says Di Givine, a prfessr at West Chester University f Pennsylvania. They are als likely the nes wh have the final say in making changes t recipes. Over time, families ften adjust the menu t make things easier, cheaper, mre abundant, and mre accmmdating f dietary restrictins.
1. What d we knw abut the Feast f the Seven Fishes?
A. It relates t a stry f Italians.B. It’s made up f seven fishes.
C. It marks a vital histric event.D. It’s abut Americans in Italy.
2. What des the underlined wrd “impverished” in paragraph 2 prbably mean?
A. Needy.B. Unfrtunate.C. Extended.D. Uneducated.
3. What can we infer abut Rbert Tinnell frm paragraph 3?
A. He lves fishes.B. He’s an editr.
C. He’s emtinal.D. He teaches writing.
4. What can be the best title fr the text?
A. A Fish-making MethdB. A Festival Traditin
C. A Ckery BkD. A Special Celebratin
Passage 2
(23-24高三上·河南驻马店·期末)UNESCO has added Italian pera singing, alng with mre than 50 ther practices frm arund the wrld, t its list f Intangible (无形的) Cultural Heritage. The agency created the list in 2008 t help safeguard traditins, festivals, rites f passage, art frms and ther practices acrss the glbe. It als recgnizes culturally and histrically significant buildings, structures and prperties with its well-knwn list f Wrld Heritage Sites. It riginates frm the 2003 Cnventin fr the Safeguarding f Intangible Cultural Heritage, which is celebrating its 20th anniversary in 2023.
With UNESCO’s decisin, pera singing jins several ther Italian traditins n the list, like pizza making. “Perfrmed by peple f all genders, Italian pera singing is assciated with specific facial expressins and bdy gestures and invlves a cmbinatin f music, drama, acting and staging,” writes UNESCO.
The practice dates back t the Medici family in Flrence in the late 16th and early 17th centuries. Jacp Peri’s Dafne, which was perfrmed fr the Medicis in 1598, is cnsidered the first Italian pera. “This is a cnfirmatin f what we’ve already knwn: Opera singing is a wrld excellence,” says Gennar Sangiulian, Italy’s culture minister, in a statement.
A wide variety f cultural practices, fd dishes and festivals als made the list at UNESCO’s Intergvernmental Cmmittee fr the Safeguarding f the Intangible Cultural Heritage meeting in Btswana. The cmmittee narrwed dwn nminatins submitted by 72 natins, ultimately selecting 55 t add t the list. The full list nw includes 730 practices frm 145 cuntries. Six f the new additins are “in need f urgent safeguarding”, accrding t UNESCO. These include Syrian glassblwing, live cultivatin in Türkiye and a traditinal Malaysian perfrmance called Mek Mulung. The nn-urgent additins include several annual events, such as the Rtterdam Summer Carnival in the Netherlands, the Sang Festival f Oy in Nigeria, the Junkan in the Bahamas and the Shuwalid festival in Ethipia.
1. Why was Italian pera singing added t the UNESCO’s list?
A. T prve its perfectin.B. T preserve this art frm.
C. T strengthen its cmpetitiveness.D. T celebrate this art’s 20th anniversary.
2. What des UNESCO mentin abut Italian pera singing in paragraph 2?
A. Its features.B. Its prspects.C. Its rigin.D. Its cst.
3. What can we infer abut Italian pera singing frm Gennar Sangiulian’s wrds?
A. It has a lng histry.B. It awaits cnfirmatin.
C. It has received high recgnitin.D. It cmes frm a well-knwn perfrmance.
4. Which f the fllwing is the best title fr the text?
A. The Art Frms in Italy
B. The Intrductin t UNESCO
C. 730 Practices Are Ready t Be Added t the UNESCO’s List
D. The UNESCO’s List Welcmes Italian Opera Singing & Other Practices
Passage 3
(2024·福建漳州·二模)With the arrival f the summer heat, cultural-themed ice creams are nce again trending acrss scial media platfrms in China.
Museums, scenic spts, amusement parks and even universities have nce again rlled ut their unique cultural-themed ice creams this year. These ice creams are ften tiny cpies f famus landmarks r cultural relies that ffer visitrs a delight fr the taste buds.
The trend f cultural-themed ice creams began in 2019 when the Old Summer Palace in Beijing was ne f the first scenic spts in China t intrduce ltus-shaped ice creams. It was inspired by that in 2017 eleven ancient ltus(莲花)seeds were discvered in a pl at the Old Summer Palace. Six f these ancient ltus seeds blmed in the summer f 2019. S t mark the ccasin, staff at the Old Summer Palace designed ice creams shaped like ltus blssms. These ice creams were widely lved by visitrs, nt nly serving as a cld treat but als ffering a unique way fr visitrs t sample and cnnect with their cultural heritage.
T prtect their cultural relics, many museums have put up signs prhibiting phtgraphy r the use f a flash. Hwever, cultural-themed ice creams prvide an alternative way fr visitrs t catch memries f their visit. Varius flavrs ffer visitrs a chice f clrs and ingredients fr the ice cream, which reflect the lcal characteristics and charm f these cld treats. It is als suggested by the museums that the visitrs can take the carved ice cream bars hme with them t use as bkmarks.
Fr many yung peple, taking phts f themselves standing alngside cultural landmarks is an artistic preference frm their parents’ generatin. T them, a selfie(自拍)with a cultural -themed ice cream is a much cler way t shw ff their travel experiences and bridge the gap between mdern life and distant histrical relics.
1. What can we learn abut cultural-themed ice creams frm the first tw paragraphs?
A. Visitrs spend much mney n them.B. They may be shaped like landmarks.
C. Visitrs are eager t try their taste.D. They are made due t summer heat.
2. What inspired the idea f cultural-themed ice creams?
A. The Old Summer Palace.B. The wide lve by visitrs.
C. The blssms f the six seeds.D. The discvery f ancient ltus.
3. Fr what are cultural-themed ice creams well-received?
A. Prtecting cultural relics.B. Remembering ne’s visit.
C. Being used as bkmarks.D. Offering visitrs varius flavrs.
4. Why d the yuth take the selfie with a cultural-themed ice cream?
A. T d smething different.B. T bridge the gap with their parents.
C. T shw ff their cler way t travel.D. T shw their cnnectin with culture.
04 人与自然-环境保护
Passage 1
(2024·广东佛山·二模)We’re ften tld t fllw ur dreams, and ne persn in Canada has dne just that after building a wnderland fr animals. In his wn backyard, the eight water features which Rbert Perkins dug int the grund are nw a shelter fr birds, frgs, beavers(河狸) and ther animals in the middle f suburban develpment. But fr Perkins, creating habitat fr wildlife is nt nly abut ding his part t help the envirnment. It’s a labr f lve fr a wman he met when he was 16 years ld.
Perkins met Rhnda in 1974 and the tw f them hit it ff. They bth lved animals, and she always wished t have a place where they culd live in harmny with the land. Rhnda, whm Perkins stayed with all his life, passed away in 2006. Perkins reslved t build a wnderland where her spirit culd stay in peace.
Ignring planning departments and neighbrs alike, Perkins began digging large hles fr water t flw. Over the curse f nine years his prperty went frm being a neighbrly headache t a perfect hme fr wildlife.
Perkins says he wn’t take all the credit fr the wetland he built. When Perkins started creating the wildlife habitat in the early 2000s, a family f beavers gt wind f it sn and claimed the land. “When we built ur subdivisins, we cleared all the trees, dried the hills, drve all the water dwn t the lakes... In turn, the beavers helped dam(筑坝) and purify the water.”
Wetland habitats nt nly attract wildlife, but prbably ffer the mst cmplete package f ecsystem services, including preventing pllutin, enriching the sil, and prmting the well-being f wildlife species.
Perkins says he desn’t need t wnder what Rhnda might think f the place; he feels her presence whenever he walks alne amng the trees, the grass, and the pnds, lking at birds r beavers, and listening t the sngbirds and frgs. Perkins hpes his prject will ne day becme an educatinal place that lcal peple can visit t learn abut the imprtance f wetlands.
1. Why did Perkins build the water features?
A. T fulfill his childhd dream.B. T shw his lve fr his wife.
C. T preserve endangered wildlife.D. T adapt t suburban develpment.
2. Which best describes Perkins’ wetland building prcess?
A. Effrtless but creative.B. Discuraging but efficient.
C. Painful but influential.D. Demanding but rewarding.
3. What can we infer abut building the wetland frm Perkins’ wrds?
A. Perkins had a strategic plan fr it.B. Human’s rle in it was vervalued.
C. Nature itself als played a part in it.D. Beavers were invited t help with it.
4. What is Perkins’s expectatin f the wetland?
A. T help spread his stry.B. T be a recreatinal spt.
C. T bring ecnmic value.D. T serve as an inspiratin.
Passage 2
(2024·福建·模拟预测)Urban agriculture, the practice f farming within the restrictins f a city, is becming increasingly ppular and is viewed as a sustainable alternative t big industrial farms. By sme estimates, between 20% and 30% f the glbal urban ppulatin engages in sme frm f urban agriculture. But until recently, its carbn ftprint remains understudied.
Using data frm 73 lw-tech city farms, cmmunity gardens and persnal plts f land, Newell and his team cmpared the average carbn emissins f fd prduced at lw-tech urban agriculture sites t thse f cnventinally grwn crps. The team fund that because f urban gardens’ relatively lw yields, alng with the energy used in cnstructing the planting beds, big-city spuds(马铃薯) were significantly mre carbn-intensive than cmmercially grwn nes. This held true even when the researchers factred in emissins frm transprting cmmercially grwn prduce t ften distant grcery stres. That desn’t mean that grwing vegetables in big cities is ttally bad, hwever. “Urban farming is great, ” if imperfect, says Carla Grebitus, a fd chice expert. It can be a pwerful tl fr jb creatin and educatin, she says, and a gd way t intrduce fresh prduce t urban “fd deserts” where healthy fruits and vegetables are hard t cme by. Cmmunity gardens can als prvide a place t cnnect with nature, and the added green space can reduce the risks f heat and flding.
Cnscius f these benefits, Newell’s team highlighted several ways t make urban agriculture mre sustainable. One ptin is t be selective abut what crps are grwn. Fr instance, tmates grwn in the sil f pen-air urban plts had a lwer carbn intensity than tmates grwn in cnventinal greenhuses. Anther strategy is t rely n existing cnstructins. Include ld structures int a new garden’s design instead f taking dwn ld buildings. Finally, take the lcal climate, water quality and sil int accunt. Grwing plants that are ill-suited t an area requires mre water, energy and pesticides(杀虫剂), all f which affect the envirnment.
1. What can we knw abut urban agriculture frm paragraph 1?
A. It is thrughly researched.B. It is welcmed by city peple.
C. It is envirnmentally friendly.D. It is limited t industrial farms.
2. Hw des the authr explain the reasn fr urban agriculture’s higher carbn intensity?
A. By making a cmparisn.B. By telling a stry.
C. By giving a definitin.D. By using a qute.
3. Accrding t Carla, what is a benefit f urban agriculture?
A. It adds variety t urban peple’s diet.B. It prvides recreatinal pprtunities.
C. It strengthens the bnds f cmmunity.D. It helps t cntain drught and flding.
4. What is recmmended t make urban agriculture mre sustainable?
A. Recnstructing gardens.B. Develping greenhuse crps.
C. Selecting pesticide-free vegetables.D. Grwing plants suited t lcal cnditins.
Passage 3
(2024·湖北·三模)Birders get nervus when they see landscapes cvered in wind turbines(涡轮机). When the wind gets ging, their blades(叶片) can turn arund at well ver 200km per hur. It is easy t imagine careless birds getting cut int pieces and wind turbines d indeed kill at least sme birds. But a new analysis f American data suggests the numbers are negligible, and have little impact n bird ppulatins.
Erik Katvich, an ecnmist at the University f Geneva, made use f the Christmas BirdCunt, a citizen-science prject run by the Natinal Audubn Sciety. Vlunteers cunt birds they spt ver Christmas, and the sciety gathers the numbers. He assumed, reasnably, that if wind turbines harmed bird ppulatins, the numbers seen in the Christmas Bird Cunt wuld drp in places where new turbines had been built. Cmbining bird ppulatin and species maps with the lcatins and cnstructin dates f all wind turbines, he fund building turbines had n nticeable effect n bird ppulatins.
Instead f limiting his analysis t wind pwer alne, he als examined il-and-gas extractin(开采), which has bmed in America ver the past cuple f decades. Cmparing bird ppulatins t the lcatins f new gas wells revealed an average 15% drp in bird numbers when new wells were drilled, prbably due t a cmbinatin f nise, air pllutin and the disturbance f rivers and pnds that many birds rely upn. When drilling happened in migratin centers, feeding grunds r breeding lcatins, bird numbers instead drpped by 25%.
Wind pwer, in ther wrds, nt nly prduces far less planet-heating carbn dixide and methane than d fssil fuels. It appears t be significantly less damaging t wildlife, t. Yet that is nt the impressin yu wuld get frm reading the news. Dr Katvich fund 173 stries in majr American news media reprting the suppsed negative effects that wind turbines had n birds in 2020, cmpared with nly 46 stries discussing the effects f il-and-gas wells.
1. What des the underlined wrd“negligible”in paragraph 1 mean?
A. Insignificant.B. Inaccurate.C. Incnsistent.D. Indefinite.
2. What is Dr Katvich's cnclusin based n?
A. Previus studies.B. Relevant data.
C. Reasnable predictin.D. Experiment results.
3. What message des paragraph 3 mainly try t cnvey?
A. Oil-and-gas extractin has expanded in America.
B. Birds are heavily dependent n rivers and pnds.
C. Many factrs lead t the decline f bird ppulatins.
D. Well drilling pses a serius threat t birds' survival.
4. Which f the fllwing may Dr Katvich agree with?
A. Wind turbines culd share the sky with wildlife.
B. Mre evidence is needed t cnfirm the finding.
C. Wind pwer will be substituted fr fssil fuels.
D. Wind turbines deserve wider media cverage.
Passage 4
(23-24高三下·广东肇庆·阶段练习)Ten years ag, envirnmental jurnalist Ben Gldfarb was n a reprting trip abut wildlife cnservatin. When he was shwn arund sme new animal crssing structures near, Missula, these new bridges and tunnels intrigued him. He was attracted by these beautiful human-built structures and inspired t write a bk. Crssings: Hw Rad Eclgy Is Shaping the Future f Our Planet has nw been published.
Thrugh expert interviews, in-depth research and cnvincing analysis, Gldfarh brings t life the deadly cnsequences ur 40 millin miles f radways have had and are having n the natural wrld and the creatures that inhabit it. A millin animals are killed by cars each day in the US alne. Rad salt pllutes lakes and rivers. And there's the barrier effect-the steady stream f traffic that prevents animals frm migrating(迁徙)all tgether and finding habitats. Gldfarb writes that nise pllutin is the mst wrrisme amng all the rad's eclgical disasters. Bth the engine nise and the tire nise greatly impact eclgical envirnment.
Figures n deaths and disruptins (扰乱) are disheartening, but Gldfarb vividly describes hw scientists are actively wrking n meaningful imprvements t help animals and rads better cexist, such as wildlife crssings, frm passages in Canada's Banff Natinal Park t the famus Liberty Canyn Overpass in Ls, Angeles. Anther example is that in India, they built a new highway thrugh a tiger reserve s that animals can cme and g underneath the lifted freeway. Of curse, that made the prject mre expensive, but it's eclgically the right thing t d.
Crssings is a truly imprtant and landmark bk n a subject whse full impacts cntinue t be disregarded r underestimated in cnsidering cnservatin effrts. The bk is a sympathetic, heart-warming guide t explring the issues f wildlife survival and ur wn.
1. What des the underlined wrd “intrigued” in paragraph 1 mean?
A. Cnfused.B. Blcked.C. Satisfied.D. Interested.
2. Which f the fllwing is Gldfarb's biggest cncern?
A. Rad salt.B. Radkill.
C. Vehicle nises.D. Endless traffic stream.
3. Why are the examples given in paragraph 3?
A. T bring shame n individual drivers.
B. T stress the effect f rads n wildlife.
C. T shw humans' effrt in animal prtectin.
D. T explain the necessity f creating wild reserves.
4. What des the authr think f Gldfarb's bk?
A. Vivid and tuching.
B. Pessimistic and sharp.
C. Objective and critical.
D. Abstract and humrus.
Passage 5
(2024·湖南·二模)The Califrnia sea tter(海獭), nce hunted t the edge f extinctin, has staged a thrilling cmeback in the last century. Nw, scientists have discvered that the tters’ success stry has led t smething just as remarkable: the restratin f their declining castal marsh(沼泽) habitat.
Elkhrn Slugh, a castal marsh within Mnterey Bay, had been experiencing severe damage. The rt cause was a grwing ppulatin f shre crabs, which fed heavily n the marsh plants, weakening the structural integrity f the habitat. Castal marshes like these are nt nly natural defenses against strm waves but als serve as imprtant carbn strage areas and water-cleaning systems.
The cnservatin-driven cmeback f the sea tter has been crucial. Califrnia’s castlines were nce alive with sea tters. Sadly, they were nearly wiped ut at the hands f fur traders. In the 1980s, cnservatin effrts aided these tters in re-ccupying large areas f their frmer range. Nw, Elkhrn Slugh has the highest cncentratin f sea tters in Califrnia, with a ppulatin f abut 100. By naturally feasting n crabs, the tters have helped a significant regrwth f plant life. Brent Hughes, a scientist wrking alngside Angelini, led a three-year study. Their findings were clear: in areas with sea tters, crab numbers fell markedly. This led t a resurgence in plant grwth, which in turn stabilized the sil and lwered the rate f sil washing away.
As the sea tter ppulatin cntinues t restre, their psitive impact n castal ecsystems is likely t increase. It nt nly shwcases the sea tter as a central species—a species that has a significant effect n its natural envirnment—but als highlights the essential nature f tp predatrs (捕食者) in preserving eclgical harmny. “My hnest reactin was—this culd becme a classic in the literature,” says scientist Lekelia Jenkins. She reveals marsh restratin als helps peple by reducing flding. “Suddenly, sea tters g frm just cute things we like t smething that can prtect ur livelihds and ur prperties.”
1. What change did the disappearance f sea tters bring abut?
A. Fewer predatry crabs.B. Mre castal plant life.
C. Better water-cleaning effect.D. Wrse castal eclgical balance.
2. What des the underlined wrd “resurgence” in paragraph 3 mean?
A. Barrier.B. Advancement.C. Expansin.D. Revival.
3. What is the authr’s purpse in quting Lekelia Jenkins?
A. T highlight the imprtance f castal marshes.
B. T intrduce a new research study n sea tters.
C. T demnstrate the practical benefits f sea tters.
D. T emphasize the need fr increased cnservatin effrts.
4. What message is cnveyed frm sea tters’ impact?
A. The necessity fr cntrlled hunting.
B. The intercnnectedness f the ecsystem.
C. The drawbacks f wildlife reintrductin.
D. The need fr human interventin in nature.
Passage 6
(23-24高三下·河北·期中)After a decade f negtiatins, nearly 200 cuntries have agreed t a new United Natins treaty(条约)t prtect the wrld’s ceans, the first f its kind in 40 years. The High Seas Treaty aims t prtect 30% f the pen ceans by 2030, setting a plan in mtin t preserve this vast area.
Oceans cver abut 71% f the Earth’s surface and are hme t cuntless species f animals and plants. They play a crucial rle in maintaining a healthy planet. Hwever, verfishing and pllutin frm ships and ther surces have severely impinged n many marine (海洋的)species and ecsystems.
The last majr UN sea treaty in 1982 described the “high seas”—the parts f the ceans that aren’t cntrlled by any cuntry—but it did nt prtect them. The high seas, which accunt fr tw-thirds f the cean, currently have nly 1.2% f their massive area prtected. A marine prtected area(MPA)is an area in the sea with strict rules abut fishing and ther activities. While mre and mre cuntries have established MPAs in their waters, mst are nt cnnected, limiting their effectiveness fr migratry(迁徙的)species.
Last December, ver 110 cuntries cmmitted t prtecting 30% f their land and cean areas by 2030. The High Seas Treaty nw enables the extensin f this gal t the entire cean. It aims t make 30% f the high seas becme prtected areas by 2030 and requires that prpsed activities n the high seas underg assessment fr their ptential impact n the cean envirnment.
Reaching the agreement was challenging due t differing views n cean prtectin amng cuntries, such as limits n fishing r pllutin. Disagreements als arse ver sharing resurces between rich and pr natins, with the latter seeking an assurance that resurces benefit everyne, nt just thse in wealthy cuntries.
The treaty is nt yet final and must be fficially accepted at a UN meeting. Then it must be apprved and signed by enugh cuntries befre it takes effect.
1. What is the main bjective f the High Seas Treaty?
A. T prtect 30% f the pen ceans by 2030.
B. T allw unrestricted fishing n the high seas.
C. T prmte internatinal turism in marine areas.
D. T establish new shipping rutes n the high seas.
2. What des the underlined phrase “impinged n” in Paragraph 2 prbably mean?
A. Exchanged.B. Assisted.C. Impacted.D. Defended.
3. What des Paragraph 3 highlight?
A. Strict rules f a marine prtected area.
B. Current measures t restrict verfishing.
C. The limited number f migratry species.
D. The lack f prtectin fr the high seas.
4. What is the best title f the text?
A. New Plans t Develp Marine Resurces
B. A New UN Agreement t Preserve Open Oceans
C. The Treaty Officially Accepted at a UN Meeting
D. The Cperatin n Sharing Resurces Equally